The Interpersonal Meaning Realized in the Lyrics of Christina Perri’S Album “Lovestrong” and the Contribution for Teaching a Modern English Grammar

DEIKSIS Vol. 09 No.03, September 2017 p-ISSN: 2085-2274, e-ISSN 2502-227X hal. 283-291

THE INTERPERSONAL MEANING REALIZED IN THE LYRICS OF CHRISTINA PERRI’S ALBUM “LOVESTRONG” AND THE CONTRIBUTION FOR TEACHING A MODERN ENGLISH GRAMMAR

Dias Andris Susanto and Setiyo Watik

University of PGRI Semarang [email protected]

Abstract

This study examines the interpersonal meaning realized in the lyrics of Christina Perri’s Album “Lovestrong” and the contribution for teaching of a modern English grammar. It will be easier and more interesting to analyze the interpersonal meaning through the literary works that we hear everyday such as song lyrics.The objectives of this study are to describe the interpersonal meaning realized in the lyrics of Christina Perri’s Album “Love strong”, to know the most dominant Mood Types and Speech Roles, to describe the Modality realized in those lyrics and to describe the contribution of interpersonal meaning in the lyrics of Christina Perri’s Album “Love strong”. The design of the research was descriptive qualitative. The main sources of data in this research were the lyrics of Christina Perri’s Album “Love strong”. There were five song lyrics that the writers analyzed in this study. The analysis of the data used the following steps: those followings, listened to the songs, found the printed lyrics of the songs, analyzed the clauses based on the Mood-Residue elements and found the Modality through Modal Finite and Mood Adjunct. Next step, the writer classified the clause to get the most dominant of Mood Types and Speech Roles. The last, the writers drew the conclusion of this study. The results of data analysis shows that the interpersonal meaning in the lyrics of Christina Perri’s Album “Love strong” realized in the wordings of the clause if analyzed based on the elements of interpersonal meaning, the most dominant Mood Types is Declarative, the most dominant Speech Roles is Giving Information, the Modality realized through the use of modal finite and mood adjunct, and the contribution of interpersonal meaning in the lyrics of Christina Perri’s Album “Love strong” for teaching of a modern English grammar is to help the students easier and more interesting to analyze the interpersonal meaning through the lyrics of their favorite song or favorite singer. The conclusions of this study are; the realization of the interpersonal meaning in the song lyrics, we should read them thoroughly while analyzing based on the interpersonal meaning elements. Based on the Mood Types and Speech Roles analysis, the song writer or singer wants to declare something and give information to the readers or listener through these songs.

Keywords: interpersonal meaning, song lyrics, mood types, modality, modern English grammar

INTRODUCTION sounds or sequences of speech sounds which are used or can be used in People need a language to interpersonal communication by an communicate to others people in the aggregation of human beings and which particular settings. Language produced are rather exhaustively applied to is not only using spoken devices but also catalogue thing, processes and events in written one. Many people communicate human environment. using oral media to express their ideas The interpersonal and thoughts, and some rest people communication can be delivered though prefer having written communication to some media like; advertisements, news, lay their certain purposes. Carol, as cited texts, pictures, etc. Usually, the writer of by Ramelan (1992:10) stated that the advertisements has the particular language is an arbitrary system of speech mood in creating the sentenced produced

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DEIKSIS | Vol. 09 No.03 | September 2017 | 283-291 in the advertisements themselves. Most ways. Song also tells something or of in the electronics and mobile phones someone’s feeling that uses imaginative advertisements in the Jakarta post, their diction and rhyme. We almost hear songs moods are declarative moods rather than everyday; even we can memorize the imperative and interrogative moods lyrics very well. It’s very interesting to (Susanto, D.A. 2013). It can be said that see how the composer plays with words the designer of those advertisements and cords to convey the message, and it want to giving and exchanging is very interesting to study or analyze information of the benefit having those something that we like very much. products using declarative moods. On Based on the phenomenon the other hands, interpersonal meaning already described above, the writer is analysis is also good in finding out the interested in applying the research on the mood of others texts whether they are interpersonal meaning in the lyrics of short or long texts. Susanto, D.A. (2009) Christina Perri’s album “Lovestrong” argues that interpersonal meaning and the contribution to the teaching of realized in the drink labels are modern English grammar. dominantly is declarative moods-giving and exchanging information and STATEMENTS OF THE PROBLEM services. In fact, we can see that The discussion of the study is interpersonal meaning always realized in limited in the following problems: any media as far as they have the texts First, How is the interpersonal involved within it. meaning realized in the lyrics of Functional Grammar has three Christina Perri’s album “Lovestrong”?, types of meaning, called it as a second, what is the most dominant Mood metafunction: ideational, textual, and Types used in the lyrics of Christina interpersonal. In this study, the writer Perri’s album “Lovestrong”?. Third, analyzes the interpersonal meaning. what is the most dominant Speech Roles Interpersonal meanings are meanings, used in the lyrics of Christina Perri’s which express a speaker’s attitudes and album “Lovestrong”?. Fourth, how is the judgments. These are meanings for Modality used to realize the acting upon and with others. The interpersonal meaning of the lyrics elements of interpersonal meanings are Christina Perri’s album “Lovestrong”?, Mood and Residue. The component that Fifth, what is the contribution of gets bandied back and forth is what we interpersonal meaning used in the lyrics call the Mood element of the clause. The of Christina Perri’s album “Lovestrong” other component is called the Residue. to the teaching of modern English We can analyze the Mood – Residue that grammar? realized in the texts or articles, such as a song lyric, newspaper, magazine, letter, REVIEW OF RELATED science, speech, and many others. Many LITERATURE media serve knowledge and message or Interpersonal Meaning information either in spoken such as To analyze the interpersonal radio, music, song, television, etc or in meaning in the lyrics of Christina Perri’s written like magazine, newspaper, book, album “Lovestrong”, we have to know etc. In this study, the writer chooses to what the interpersonal meaning itself analyze a song lyric, because song is the clearly. In this part, the writer will way to tell a language, it is used by discuss the interpersonal meaning and its human to tell something in different entire component. This explanation will

284 The Interpersonal Meaning Realized in The Lyrics of Christina Perri’s Album “Lovestrong” and The Contribution for Teaching a Modern English Grammar (Dias Andris Susanto dan Setiyo Watik) help the readers to understand what the giving and demanding. Giving means interpersonal meaning is and how to ‘inviting to receive’ and demanding analyze the sentences based on the means ‘inviting to give’. The commodity element of mood and residue. According that giving or demanding are ‘good and to Gerot and Wignell (1994:13), the services’ and ‘information’. interpersonal meanings are meanings which express a speaker’s attitudes and Table (1.1) Type of Speech Roles judgments. These are meanings for Commodity exchanged Role in acting upon and with others. Goods and Information exchange Interpersonal meaning, according to Butt services (2001:86) is one of the most basic Giving “offer” “statement” interactive distinction is between using Would you He is giving language to exchange information and like this her the using it to exchange goods and services. teapot? teapot. These meanings are most centrally Demanding “command” “question” influenced by tenor (who/what kind of Give me What is he person produced this text? For whom?) that teapot! giving her? of discourse.

Martin (1997:62) gives two According to the Table (1.1) reasons for recognizing this kind of above, it can be interpreted as follows; interpersonal clause structure: the first 1. Giving information reason is that, if a speaker wants to get a The speaker and the writer give verbal response to a declarative or information by making statements, imperative clause, s/he can add a tag such as “He is giving her the (Mood tag) that picks up only part of the teapot”. This sentence is a clause. The second reason for declarative sentence that giving recognizing Mood and Residue as the information. major function of the clause, when 2. Demanding information viewed interpersonally, is that the The speaker and the writer different mood categories (declarative, demanding information by asking interrogative, etc.) are realized in question, such as “What is he giving English by the mood element, while the her?” This sentence is an Residue may in part or whole be interrogative sentence that involved in ellipsis in responding moves. demanding information.

3. Giving goods and services Type of Speech Roles The speaker and the writer The other material that related to giving goods and services by the analysis of the interpersonal meaning offering, such as in “Would you like is the type of speech roles. In this study, this teapot?” This sentence is an the writer wants to know the most interrogative sentence that offering dominant type of speech roles in the good or something. lyrics of “Christina Perri’s album “Love 4. Demanding good and services strong”. Before analyzing the type of the The speaker and the writer speech roles and identify the most demanding goods and services by dominant of it, we have to master about giving command or instruction, such what type of speech roles are. Halliday as in “Give me that teapot!” This (2004:107) states that the most sentence is an imperative sentence fundamental type of speech roles are that gives command.

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Song and Lyric language to its environment, including In music, song is a composition for both the verbal environment – what has voice or voices, performed by singing, been said or written before (co-text) and maybe accompanied by musical the non-verbal, situational environment instrument, or it may be unaccompanied, (context). The last is interpersonal as in the case of a cappella songs. A song meanings that express the speaker’s usually is the actualization from the real attitudes and judgments. Considering life or just someone’s fantasy. Song can those three metafunctions, the writer be for a solo singer, duet, trio, or larger chooses the interpersonal meaning as the ensemble involving more voices. Songs basic of the analysis in the lyrics of with more than one voice to a part are Christina Perri’s album “Lovestrong”. considered choral works. The lyrics or words of songs are English Modern Grammar typically of a poetic, rhyming nature, Learning English cannot be though they may be religious verses or separated from grammar, understanding free prose that uses figurative language. grammar will give us better The structure of the song lyric is communications and thinking skills, different to the magazines, newspaper or making us a better listener, speaker, any other articles. However, the song reader, and writer. Learning English lyric is used to deliver message or grammar is important because it helps us information to the listeners or the to understand how text works. readers. In this study, the writer will Understanding grammar will also enable analyze the five songs lyrics that sung by us to communicate effectively in any Christina Perri, those five songs taken situation, allowing us to form more and from the “Love strong” album. Those meaningful relationships with friends songs are titled “Jar of Hearts”, “Sad and family. According to Gerot and Song”, “Bluebird”, “Distance”, and Wignell (1994:2) grammar is a theory “Arms”. that describes how we choose and arrange our words. According to Relation between Song and Rayevska (2004:7) grammatical forms Interpersonal Meaning play a vital role in our ability to lend Song is very effective as a media variety to speech, to give “colour” to the in analyzing systemic functional subject or evaluate it and to convey the grammar, because in a song contained information more emotionally.. two texts at once, those are when a singers sing, the song is the spoken text, RESEARCH METHOD and the song lyric is the written text. It is very interesting to see how the composer The writer used a descriptive plays with words and stanzas to convey qualitative study as the research design the messages. Song also provides a of this study. In doing qualitative context for interesting and effective research the writers searched the songs focuses grammar practice. There are of “Love strong” album by Christina three Metafunctional Lines of Meaning; Perri, listened to the songs, and then the first is ideational meanings that found the printed lyrics of the songs. discuss about things, about goings on After that, the writers comprehended the and the circumstances surrounding these lyrics, and then analyzed the clauses happenings and doings. Second, textual based on the Subject, Finite, Predicator, meanings that express the relation of Complement and Adjunct. For the next

286 The Interpersonal Meaning Realized in The Lyrics of Christina Perri’s Album “Lovestrong” and The Contribution for Teaching a Modern English Grammar (Dias Andris Susanto dan Setiyo Watik) step, the writer classified them based on research are the lyrics of Christina the Mood – Residue elements and found Perri’s album “Love strong”. There are the Modality through the use of modal five song lyrics that the writer analyzes finite and mood adjunct. To make it in this study, all of them taken from the easier to understand by the readers, the “Love strong” album, those songs titled writer analyzed the clause in form of “Jar of Hearts”, “Sad Song”, “Bluebird”, table. After that, the writers classified “Distance” and “Arms”. Besides these the clause to get the most dominant of data, the writers also took some other Mood Types that used in the lyrics of references related to the subject matter, Christina Perri’s album “Love strong”. such as books and internet articles. Next, the writers also classified the A technique of data collection is a clauses based on the Speech Roles to method of doing or performing know the most dominant of speech roles something in order to collect the data that in those lyrics. After that, the writers is needed for the study. In conducting classified the Modality realized in those this research, the writer applied library lyrics. For the last steps, the writer drew research and documentation method to the conclusion based on the research collect the requiring data. According to findings. Sugiyono (2012:85) document can be in In the descriptive qualitative study, the form of written, picture, or personal the writers was the key instrument. This monumental works such as life histories, human instrument determined the focus stories, biography, rules, photo, film etc. of the study, chose the source of the data, The writer collected the data through collected the data, analyzed the data, these steps: interpreted the data, and drew the 1. Searching the Christina Perri’s conclusion based on the research album “Lovestrong”. finding. As assumed by Mariam (1988) 2. Listening the Christina Perri’s album in Creswell (1994:145) that the “Lovestrong”. qualitative researcher is the primary 3. Choosing the top five song lyrics instrument for data collection and taken from “Christina Perri’s album analysis, so the biases, values, and “Lovestrong” that will be analyzed; judgment of the research become stated “Jar of Hearts”, “Sad Song”, explicitly in the research report. “Bluebird”, “Distance” and “Arms”. In this study, the writer analyzes 4. Finding the printed lyrics of the five the interpersonal meaning realized in the songs taken from Christina Perri’s lyrics of Christina Perri’s album “Love album “Love strong” entitled “Jar of strong” and the contribution to the Hearts”, “Sad Song”, “Bluebird”, teaching of modern English grammar. In “Distance” and “Arms”. this study, the writers choose to analyze 5. Comprehending those five song five song lyrics taken from “Love lyrics of Christina Perri’s album strong” album; they are entitled “Jar of “Love strong”. Hearts”, “Sad Song”, “Bluebird”, 6. Analyzing those five song lyrics of “Distance” and “Arms”. Christina Perri’s album “Love Data resources play an important strong”. role in a descriptive qualitative research. After collecting the data, the To get the optimal goal of the research, writers analyzes the data through these data resources should be made in such a steps: way that the data could be as valid as possible. The main sources of data in this

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1. Reading those five song lyrics of (2) the most dominant mood types used Christina Perri’s album “Love in the lyrics of Christina Perri’s album strong” thoroughly. “Love strong”, (3) the most dominant 2. Analyzing the mood of those five speech roles used in the lyrics of song lyrics of Christina Perri’s album Christina Perri’s album “Love strong”, “Love strong”. (4) the modality used to realize the 3. Analyzing the residue of those five interpersonal meaning of the lyrics of song lyrics of Christina Perri’s album Christina Perri’s album “Love strong”, “Love strong”. (5) the contribution of the interpersonal 4. Analyzing the mood types of those meaning analysis in the lyrics of five song lyrics of Christina Perri’s Christina Perri’s album “Love strong” to album “Love strong”. the teaching of modern English 5. Classifying the most dominant mood grammar. types of those five song lyrics of 1. Realization of the interpersonal Christina Perri’s album “Love meaning in the lyrics of Christina strong”. Perri’s album “Love strong”. 6. Classifying the less dominant mood Based on the analysis of the types of those five song lyrics of interpersonal meaning, the five songs Christina Perri’s album “Love have mood and residue. It is realized strong”. by the wordings of the clause based 7. Analyzing the speech roles in those on the elements of interpersonal five song lyrics of Christina Perri’s meaning. Mood consists of subject album “Love strong”. and finite, while residue consists of 8. Classifying the most dominant predicator, complement and adjunct. speech roles in those five song lyrics 2. The most dominant Mood Types of Christina Perri’s album “Love used in the lyrics of Christina Perri’s strong”. album “Love strong”. 9. Classifying the less dominant speech After identifying each lines or roles of those five song lyrics of each clause in the five song lyrics of Christina Perri’s album “Love Christina Perri’s album “Love strong”. strong”, the writer analyze them 10. Analyze the modality realized in based on the Mood Types. Based on those five song lyrics of Christina the information, we can see that the Perri’s album “Love strong”. most dominant Mood Types used in 11. Describe the contribution of the lyrics of Christina Perri’s album interpersonal meaning used in the “Love strong” is Declarative Mood. lyrics of Christina Perri’s album While the less dominant is “Love strong” to the teaching of Exclamative Mood. It indicates that modern English grammar. the song writer or the singer wants to 12. Drawing the conclusion based on the state or declare something to the research findings. listeners through these songs. 3. The most dominant Speech Roles RESEARCH FINDINGS used in the lyrics of Christina Perri’s album “Love strong”. The research findings in this study Besides analyzes the Mood include five points; (1) realization of the Types, the writer also analyses the interpersonal meaning in the lyrics of five songs lyrics of Christina Perri’s Christina Perri’s album “Love strong”, album “Love strong” based on the

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Speech Roles. The readers can see lyrics of Christina Perri’s album the result of this analysis, and from “Love strong” to the teaching of that table, we get the information that modern English grammar is to help the most dominant Speech Roles the students easier and more used in the lyrics of Christina Perri’s interesting to analyze the album “Love strong” is Giving interpersonal meaning of the song Information, and the less dominant is lyrics whether it is their favorite song Giving Goods and Services; it or their favorite singer. Christina indicates that the song writer or the Perri is the favorite singer in this singer wants to give information to time, so that’s why analyzing her the listeners through these songs. songs become easier and more 4. The Modality used to realize the interesting. Besides that, song also interpersonal meaning of the lyrics provides a context for interesting and Christina Perri’s album “Love effective focuses grammar practice. strong”. Some students consider that In this study, the writer grammar is difficult, but it will be analyzes Modality through use of easier if we do that by the interesting Modal Finite and Mood Adjuncts in media that we like very much, such the lyrics of Christina Perri’s album as songs. “Love strong”. In the lyric “Jar of Hearts” song, there are three CONCLUSIONS modalities that consist of one modal finite (can’t) and two mood adjuncts Based on the result of the data (ever, just). “Sad Song” has eleven analysis that was mentioned in the modalities, they are eight modal previous chapter, the writer made some finites (can (2), would, will (2), have conclusions as follow: Interpersonal to, be going to, won’t) and three meaning in the lyrics of Christina Perri’s mood adjuncts (really, just, never). album “Lovestrong” realized in the In the “Bluebird” there are five wordings of the clauses based on the modalities, consist of four modal Mood (subject, finite) and Residue finites (could, wouldn’t (2), won’t) (predicator, complement, adjunct) and one mood adjuncts (maybe). element. Based on the Mood Types There are eight modalities that analysis, the most dominant of mood realized in the “Distance” song lyric, types in the lyrics of Christina Perri’s they are consisting of seven modal album “Lovestrong” is Declarative finites (can (2), would, will (4)) and Mood, it indicates that the song writer or one mood adjunct (just). “Arms” has the singer wants to state or declare twelve modalities they are consisting something to the reader or listener trough of six modal finites (would, will (4), these songs. Based on the Speech Roles can’t (3)) and six mood adjuncts analysis, the most dominant of speech (never (6)). roles in the lyrics of Christina Perri’s 5. The contribution of interpersonal album “Lovestrong” is Giving meaning used in the lyrics of Information; it indicates that the song Christina Perri’s album “Love writer or the singer wants to give strong” to the teaching of modern information to the reader or listener English grammar. trough these songs. According to the The contribution of Modality analysis through the use of interpersonal meaning used in the Finite Modal and Mood Adjunct, the

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DEIKSIS | Vol. 09 No.03 | September 2017 | 283-291 result of analysis found some clauses Eggins, S. (1994). An Introduction to that use finite modal and mood adjunct Systemic Functional Linguistics. in the lyrics of Christina Perri’s album London: Pinter Publisher Ltd. “Love strong”. The contribution of interpersonal meaning used in the lyrics Gerot, L, and Peter W. (1994). Making of Christina Perri’s album “Love strong” Sense of Functioanl Grammar. to the teaching of modern English Australia: Gerd Stabler . grammar is to help the students easier and more interesting to analyze the Halliday, M. A. K. (2004). An interpersonal meaning of their favorite Introduction to Functional song or favorite singer. Grammar. New York: Oxford University Press. BIBLIOGRAPHY Hornby, A S. (2000). Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (6th ed). Anderson, J. M. (2006). Modern England: Oxford University Grammars of Case. New York: Press. Oxford University. Johnstone, B. (2000). Qualitative Broderick, J. P. (1975). Modern English Methods in Sociolinguistics. Linguistics: A Structural and New York: Oxford University Transformational Grammar. Press. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company. Martin, J.R, Christian M. I.M Matthiessen, and Clare P. (1997). Butt, D. (2001). Using Functional Working with Functional Grammar (Revised Ed.). Grammar. New York: St. Sydney: Macquarie University Martin’s Press Inc. Press. Palmer. F.R. (1986). Mood and Creswell, J.W. (1994). Research Design: Modality. New York: Cambridge Qualitative and Quantitative University Press. Approach. USA: Sage Publications, Inc. Ramelan. (1992). Introduction to Linguistic Analysis. Semarang: Susanto, D.A. (2008). The IKIP PGRI Semarang Press. Characteristics of the Sentences Used in the Drink Labels. Thesis. Rayevska, N.M. (2004). Modern English State University of Semarang. Grammar. New York: Vysca Skola Publisher Kiev. Susanto, D.A. (2016). The Interpersonal Meaning Used In the Electronics Sugiyono, (2012). Memahami Penelitian and Mobile Phones in Kualitatif. Bandung: Alfabeta, Advertisements as the CV. Contribution in Teaching Systemic Functional Grammar. Christina Perri’s Biography. Online at English Teaching Journal, http://artists.letssingit.com/christ Volume 07 number 02: ina-perri- j3pbb/biography University of PGRI Semarang. [accessed 27/4/2013]

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Lovestrong Album. Online at Song. Online at http://artists.letssingit.com/christ http://www.learnersdictionary.c ina-perri-lyrics-lovestrong- om/search/song [accessed albuml1792wj#axzz2QyBMiHI 27/03/1] 1 [accessed 20/4/2013]

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