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The Greatness and Decline of Rome
THE GREATNESS AND DECLINE OF ROME VOL. V. THE REPUBLIC OF AUGUSTUS BY GUGLIELMO FERRERO TRANSLATED BY REV. H. J. CHAYTOR, M.A. HEADMASTER OF PLYMOUTH COLLEGE LONDON WILLIAM HEINEMANN 1909 O 1 All rights reserved P 4 I V.5' ,/ CONTENTS CHAP. PAGB I. The East i " " II. Armenia Capta, SiGNis Receptis . , 28 III. The Great Social Laws of the Year 18 b.c. 45 IV. The " LuDi S^culares " 76 V. The Egypt of the West ...... 104 VI. The Great Crisis in the European Provinces . 121 VII. The Conquest of Germania .... 142 VIII. " H^c EST Italia Diis Sacra" 166 IX. The Altar of Augustus and of Rome .... 185 X. Julia and Tiberius 213 XI. The Exile of Julia 243 XII. The Old Age of Augustus 269 XIII. The Last " Decennium " 291 XIV. Augustus and the Great Empire .... 325 Index 355 — CHAPTER I THE EAST Greece before the Roman conquest—Greece and the Romaa conquest—Greece in the second century of the repubUc—The inability of Rome to remedy the sufferings of Greece—Policy of Augustus in Greece—The theatrical crisis at Rome—The Syrian pantomimes—Pylades of Cilicia—The temple of Rome and Augustus at Pergamum—Asia Minor—The manufac- turing towns in the Greek republics of the coast—The agricultural monarchies of the highlands—The cults of Mithras and Cybele—The unity of Asia Minor—Asiatic Hellenism and Asiatic religions—The Greek republics in the Asiatic monarchy—Asia Minor after a century of Roman rule Weakness, crisis and universal disorder—The critical position of Hellenism and the Jews—Jewish expansion in the east The worship of Rome and Augustus in Asia Minor—The Greek renaissance. -
Witch Hunting
LE TAROT- ISTITUTO GRAF p resen t WITCH HUNTING C U R A T O R S FRANCO CARDINI - ANDREA VITALI GUGLIELMO INVERNIZZI - GIORDANO BERTI 1 HISTORICAL PRESENTATION “The sleep of reason produces monsters" this is the title of a work of the great Spanish painter Francisco Goya. He portrayed a man sleeping on a large stone, while around him there were all kinds of nightmares, who become living beings. With this allegory, Goya was referring to tragedies that involved Europe in his time, the end of the eighteenth century. But the same image can be the emblem of other tragedies closer to our days, nightmares born from intolerance, incomprehension of different people, from the illusion of intellectual, religious or racial superiority. The history of the witch hunting is an example of how an ancient nightmare is recurring over the centuries in different forms. In times of crisis, it is seeking a scapegoat for the evils that afflict society. So "the other", the incarnation of evil, must be isolated and eliminated. This irrational attitude common to primitive cultures to the so-called "civilization" modern and post-modern. The witch hunting was break out in different locations of Western Europe, between the Middle Ages and the Baroque age. The most affected areas were still dominated by particular cultures or on the border between nations in conflict for religious reasons or for political interests. Subtly, the rulers of this or that nation shake the specter of invisible and diabolical enemy to unleash fear and consequent reaction: the denunciation, persecution, extermination of witches. -
Tarot 1 Tarot
Tarot 1 Tarot The tarot (/ˈtæroʊ/; first known as trionfi and later as tarocchi, tarock, and others) is a pack of playing cards (most commonly numbering 78), used from the mid-15th century in various parts of Europe to play a group of card games such as Italian tarocchini and French tarot. From the late 18th century until the present time the tarot has also found use by mystics and occultists in efforts at divination or as a map of mental and spiritual pathways. The tarot has four suits (which vary by region, being the French suits in Northern Europe, the Latin suits in Southern Europe, and the German suits in Central Europe). Each of these suits has pip cards numbering from ace to ten and four face cards for a total of 14 cards. In addition, the tarot is distinguished by a separate 21-card trump suit and a single card known as the Fool. Depending on the game, the Fool may act as the top trump or may be played to avoid following suit. François Rabelais gives tarau as the name of one of the games played by Gargantua in his Gargantua and Pantagruel;[1] this is likely the earliest attestation of the French form of the name.[citation needed] Tarot cards are used throughout much of Europe to play card games. In English-speaking countries, where these games are largely unplayed, tarot cards are now used primarily for divinatory purposes. Occultists call the trump cards and the Fool "the major arcana" while the ten pip Visconti-Sforza tarot deck. -
A Cultural History of Tarot
A Cultural History of Tarot ii A CULTURAL HISTORY OF TAROT Helen Farley is Lecturer in Studies in Religion and Esotericism at the University of Queensland. She is editor of the international journal Khthónios: A Journal for the Study of Religion and has written widely on a variety of topics and subjects, including ritual, divination, esotericism and magic. CONTENTS iii A Cultural History of Tarot From Entertainment to Esotericism HELEN FARLEY Published in 2009 by I.B.Tauris & Co Ltd 6 Salem Road, London W2 4BU 175 Fifth Avenue, New York NY 10010 www.ibtauris.com Distributed in the United States and Canada Exclusively by Palgrave Macmillan 175 Fifth Avenue, New York NY 10010 Copyright © Helen Farley, 2009 The right of Helen Farley to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by the author in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or any part thereof, may not be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. ISBN 978 1 84885 053 8 A full CIP record for this book is available from the British Library A full CIP record for this book is available from the Library of Congress Library of Congress catalog card: available Printed and bound in Great Britain by CPI Antony Rowe, Chippenham from camera-ready copy edited and supplied by the author CONTENTS v Contents -
The Population of Cisalpine Gaul in the Time of Augustus1
The Population of Cisalpine Gaul in the time of Augustus1 In order to put the arguments of this article into a realistic perspective, I want to start by making it clear that we do not know and will never know for certain how many people lived in Cisalpine Gaul during the late Republic and early Empire.2 In theory, then, this could be the shortest article on ancient demography ever written. The reason why I have nevertheless decided to devote a short piece to this seemingly unpromising topic is quite simply that there are, in my view, many interesting things to say about the population of Cisalpine Gaul that have never been said before. It is also my contention that even though the new considerations that will be put forward in this paper do not in any way prove a low-count interpretation of Italy’s demographic history to be correct, they at least highlight some difficulties in the high count that have not received the attention they clearly deserve. My attempt to shed new light on these issues will centre on the shape of the urban network and on the size of the aggregate urban population. I shall begin by looking at the physical size of the towns of Cisalpina and by examining some of the variables that are likely to have influenced the number of town-dwellers per hectare. My next step will be to discuss briefly the problem of urbanization rates. In theory, if it were possible for us to recover both the approximate number of town-dwellers (POPurb) and the overall urbanization rate (URB.RATE) for Cisalpina, the overall population of the North could be extrapolated from the urban population, using the following formula: POPtot = (100: URB. -
Prima Dell'abbazia Di Staffarda
PRIMA DELL’ABBAZIA DI STAFFARDA: STORIA E ARCHEOLOGIA Roberto Polidori (con contributi di Mario Busatto e Feliciano Della Mora) Prefazione Per comprendere la storia del territorio prima della costruzione dell’dell’Abbazia di Staffarda, si è ritenuto indispensabile ricostruire, in modo molto sintetico, come si svilupparono le città e l’antica rete viaria nel cuneese, con particolare attenzione alle zone limitrofe di Staffarda. Per poter ipotizzare alcune conclusioni di seguito descritte e dopo aver eseguito le ricerche relative alla storia delle città nel Cuneese, si è ritenuto indispensabile creare un documento facilmente interpretabile che riportasse le seguenti informazioni: 1. insediamenti, reperti del Neolitico 2. luoghi sacri del Neolitico 3. necropoli dall’età del Bronzo medio all’età media del Ferro (XIV- V secolo a.C.) 4. insediamenti: liguri-celti 5. testimonianze e reperti: liguri-celti 6. templi: liguri-celti 7. insediamenti, reperti etruschi 8. municipia romani 9. oppida romane (città fortificate) 10. castra romani (accampamento o fortificazione nella quale risiedeva una legione) 11. stazioni doganali romane 12. testimonianze romane: resti di mura, reperti, ripostigli monetali, cippi ecc. 13. templi romani 14. necropoli romane 15. pievi romane 16. insediamenti, reperti longobardi 17. centri monastici e pievi longobarde 18. zona soggetta ad invasione dei Cartaginesi 19. zona soggetta ad invasione dei Franchi 20. zona soggetta ad invasione dei Saraceni 21. zona soggetta ad invasione dei Visigoti 22. zona soggetta ad invasione dei Burgundi 23. zona soggetta ad invasione dei Ungheri 24. zona soggetta ad invasione dei Goti LAGO SCOMPARSO DI STAFFARDA LINEA CONTINUA: Percorso documentato PERCORSI-STRADE LINEA TRATTEGGIATA: Percorso scarsamente documentato o ipotizzato strade protostoriche dal IV millennio a.C. -
“Lesegno – Ceva” T. 731
Codifica Progetto definitivo RE23731NNBAX00015 Relazione archeologica preliminare Rev. 00 Pag. 1 del 31/05/2016 di 61 Nuova Stazione Elettrica a 132 kV Lesegno Elettrodotto aereo a 132 kV semplice terna “Lesegno – Ceva” T. 731 Nuova Stazione Elettrica a 132 kV “Lesegno” da inserire sull’esistente linea a 132 kV T.730 "Rivacciaio – Mondovì" e nuovo elettrodotto aereo a 132 kV T.731 “Lesegno – Ceva” Progetto definitivo Relazione Archeologica preliminare Storia delle revisioni Rev. 00 del 31/05/2016 Prima emissione Uso Pubblico Elaborato Verificato Approvato Mechanikoi s.r.l.s. F. Pedrinazzi P. Zanni DTNO-UPRI-Team Linee DTNO-UPRI Questo documento contiene informazioni di proprietà di Terna SpA e deve essere utilizzato esclusivamente dal destinatario in relazione alle finalità per le quali è stato ricevuto. E’ vietata qualsiasi forma di riproduzione o di divulgazione senza l’esplicito consenso di Terna SpA Codifica Progetto definitivo RE23731NNBAX00015 Relazione archeologica preliminare Rev. 00 Pag. 2 del 31/05/2016 di 61 Sommario 1 Premessa ....................................................................................................... 4 1.1 Descrizione delle opere e scopo della valutazione archeologica preventiva ........................ 4 1.2 Definizione dell’ambito di studio e sintesi delle fonti utilizzate .............................................. 5 2 Valutazioni geologiche e geomorfologiche ..................................................... 7 2.1 Considerazioni finali in merito all’inquadramento geologico e geomorfologico -
Gathering GPR Inspections and UAV Survey in Cultural Heritage Documentation Context
Gathering GPR Inspections and UAV Survey in Cultural Heritage Documentation Context Alessandro Arato2, Flora Garofalo2, Giulia Sammartano1 and Antonia Spanò1 1(DAD) Department of Architecture and Design, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy 2(DIATI) Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy Keywords: UAV Photogrammetry, Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), Historical Maps, GIS, Cultural Heritage. Abstract: The archaeological researches and more generally the Cultural Heritage (CH) documentation and conservation activities have been favourably disposed to the use of new technologies, with renewed and increasing interest in the use of integrated techniques. In the field of Geomatics the advent of advanced technologies has allowed and facilitated multidisciplinary studies as well as combined approaches to the documentation in various contexts. The production of spatially located data (e.g. from active or passive sensors placed in different system segments, from terrestrial to aerial to satellite position) and their interoperability from different source, with the help of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), were then made easier. The work has the aim of investigating the integration of multiple data derived from aerial photogrammetry products through Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) survey, from geophysical Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) prospection technique and analysis of historical maps. An archaeological area in the south of Piedmont (Italy), next to the ancient Roman settlement of Pollentia, has been the test case. The present fulfilled test was objected to exclude ancient presences, although this type of workflow is generally aimed to analyse and compare results in order to formulate some hypothesis about the potential presence of submerged elements or built substructures in the investigated area. -
New Releases Tarot
FEBRUARY 2019 RELEASE NEW RELEASES PRE-RAPHAELITE TAROT Created by Giuliano Costa, who gave us the Mystical Tarot, the (Code: EX244) Pre-Raphaelite Tarot brings more intriguing beauty to Tarot. Giuliano Costa combines the lushness of Pre-Raphaelite art with compelling sur- TAROT Artwork by Giuliano Costa 78 cards, 65x118 mm. realism and surprising symbolism while remaining true to traditional Instructions. meanings. These images will inspire your mind, enchant your eyes, and Multilingual edition. transform your soul. 978-886527569-6 3 FEBRUARY 2019 VI RELEASE 9 NEW RELEASES VI IX XVII IX XVII RACKHAM TAROT Arthur Rackham was one of the most famous British illustrators of the (Code: EX245) Victorian era and is still loved by many today. Now, we have a deck cre- TAROT ated from his images and celebrating the fairies and fairytales of British Arthur Rackham 78 cards, 65x118 mm. folklore. Follow the wee folk into the forest and shadows in search of Instructions. light and insight. Multilingual edition. 4 978-886527570-2 MAY 2019 RELEASE NEW RELEASES 0 - the fool xi - justice xxi - the world xvii - the star MILLENNIUM THOTH TAROT The Thelema Trilogy includes the Thelema Tarot and the Arcanum Tarot. (Code: EX246) The set concludes with the Millennium Thoth Tarot, an inspiring deck based on the Crowley-Thoth Tarot that blends modernity and fantasy. TAROT Artwork by Renata Lechner 78 cards, 70x120 mm. This deck by Renata Lechner reveals the magic and dreams to be found Instructions. in these images making the deck suitable for both Thoth enthusiasts Multilingual edition. and beginners. 978-886527584-9 5 MAY 2019 RELEASE NEW RELEASES I - THE MAGICIAN VIII - STRENGTH 2 OF CUPS XIX - THE SUN RADIANT WISE SPIRIT TAROT We are excited to present a new edition of one of the most popular (Code: EX247) tarot decks in the world. -
Tarot‟S Fascination with Egypt Helen S
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by The University of Sydney: Sydney eScholarship Journals online Out of Africa: Tarot‟s Fascination With Egypt Helen S. Farley Introduction Mention „tarot‟ and images of an exotic and mysterious gypsy fortune-teller spring unbidden to consciousness. Dark eyes flashing, she reveals the trumps one at a time, each a strange portent, preternaturally speaking of life, love, loss, and death. The gypsies, themselves enigmatic and of uncertain origin, were allegedly charged with carrying the tarot deck from a doomed Egyptian priesthood with the forethought to encode their most esoteric secrets in a game, a seemingly harmless pastime. How often have we heard that tarot‟s difficult birth occurred in an Egypt ancient and mystical? And though tarot scholars have known about the real origins of the deck in the Renaissance court of a northern Italian city for some two hundred years, still that link with Egypt remains obdurate. This beguiling myth, never convincingly verified by its perpetrators, began in the desire for pseudo-legitimacy through an ancient – though false – lineage and the dogged persistence of a pre-Rosetta infatuation with all things Egyptian. This article explores the origins of this persistent belief. Egyptomania in France By the beginning of the nineteenth century, all of France was enraptured with the exploits of their new leader, Napoleon Bonaparte. He had secured victory for France across Western Europe and had consolidated French power in Egypt. In the true spirit of the Enlightenment, Napoleon had taken a bevy of scientists and archaeologists with him to this ancient land and they ensured a steady stream of Egyptian artefacts and information about the distant locale travelled back to France.1 Occultists were quick to incorporate Egyptian lore into their schemes. -
UNDISCOVERED ITALY © Elio Pallard Choir, Culture & Cuisine March 16 – 27, 2019 with Hamilton College’S G
UNDISCOVERED ITALY © Elio Pallard Choir, Culture & Cuisine March 16 – 27, 2019 with Hamilton College’s G. Roberts Kolb, the Marjorie and Robert W. McEwen Professor of Music & Lauralyn Kolb, Lecturer in Music (Voice) © Megan Mallen © Markus Bernet Dear Hamilton Alumni, Parents, and Friends, I invite you to discover areas “off-the-beaten” path in northern Italy on this remarkable and exclusive Hamilton Global Adventure. Those of us who sing will rehearse twice and then perform three concerts and participate in two masses. The trip also features wonderful guided excursions, including walks in historic villages with medieval houses and charming alleys, viewing magnificent art and architecture, and many exceptional culinary experiences. To top it off, our travels will take place amid spectacular landscapes, with two beautiful Italian lakes (Orta and Maggiore) and backdrops such as rolling hills of vineyards and the snow-capped Italian Alps. Our group will enjoy all excursions and included meals together, but you may choose to upgrade from comfortable, 3-star hotels to more luxurious 4-star hotels if you wish. Highlights of this unique trip are many, and include: Choir: • Two rehearsal sessions at Lake Orta; • Concerts in the parish church of Stresa, the Sanctuary of Santa Maria Assunta, and the ancient monastery of Sacra di San Michele; © R. Todd Nielsen • Mass participation in the Royal Church of San Lorenzo (Turin) and the Parish Church of Pollenzo. Culture (nine excursions with art historian guides): • Hiking in a 16th-century religious “theme park” (a UNESCO World Heritage site); • Magnificent Renaissance and Baroque art (frescoes and sculptures) and architecture (cathedrals, churches, and castles); • Turin’s Holy Shroud; • Ancient Roman ruins in Turin and Pollenzo; • Guided tour of Turin’s Egyptian Museum (the world’s second most important Egyptian collection) and Turin’s sumptuous Royal Palace© R.© ToddRufus46 (another Nielsen UNESCO World Heritage site); • Milan’s Dominican convent with Leonardo da Vinci’s Last Supper (a UNESCO World Heritage site). -
PIEDMONT 2016 Guided Tour Guide in Support Van |300 - 335 Km | 8 Days / 7 Nights
PIEDMONT 2016 Guided Tour Guide in support van |300 - 335 km | 8 days / 7 nights Piedmont is a real paradise for gourmets. Prestigious white wines, delicious chocolate and a sweet landscape of hills covered by regular rows of vineyards; in the distance the majestic circle of the alps. Piedmont is elegance and style. The best example is the chef town, Turin, first capital of Italy 150 years ago, where the influence of the French style is very evident, that’s why Turin is called “little Paris”. The same surprise will happen coming to small towns like Pinerolo and Saluzzo with their medieval charme; nowadays Bra and Alba reign of enogastronomy: don’t miss the pleasure of a delicious dinner and an unforgettable table, sampling of noble wines like Barolo or Barbaresco. In short, discovering Piedmont by bike: a special experience 1 Irish Cycling Safaris | Belfield Bike Shop, UCD, Dublin 4, Ireland Tel +353 1 2600749 | Fax +353 1 7161168| [email protected] | www.cyclingsafaris.com TOUR ITINERARY Day 1 Individual arrival Turin You spend the first night in the vibrant city of Turin. The rich history and culture of Turin is evident in the breathtaking Baroque architecture, ornate palaces and churches. Day 2 Turin - Pinerolo 55 km Today we cycle on flat roads along the river Po. We ride on cycle paths or small roads to the foot of the mountains. A highlight of today’s cycle is the spectacular hunting palace at Stupinigi, a masterpiece by the architect Fillippo Juvarra and royal residence of the Savoy Family built in rococo style.