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Obama's Discourse of "Hope": Making Rhetoric Work Politically
Obama's discourse of "hope": Making rhetoric work politically Marcus Letts University of Bristol © Marcus Letts School of Sociology, Politics and International Studies University of Bristol Working Paper No. 04-09 Marcus Letts is a former undergraduate student in the Department of Politics, University of Bristol. This paper, originally a BSc dissertation, received the highest mark awarded to any BSc dissertation in Politics at the University of Bristol in 2008-2009. A revised version of this paper is currently being prepared for submission to the journal New Political Science. University of Bristol School of Sociology, Politics, and International Studies Title: Obama's discourse of "hope": Making rhetoric work politically (Morris, C. 2008) Question: What is articulated in Obama's discourse of "hope"? How did this rhetoric work politically? Marcus Letts Word Count: 9,899 2 Contents: Introduction: The US elections of 2008: A contextualisation The "strange death of Republican America": A grand theme of change................................ 5 A "rhetorical situation"?.......................................................................................................... 6 The birth of "Brand Obama": An exceptional campaign........................................................ 7 The nature of American "polyarchy"...................................................................................... 9 Literature Review: Two theories of discourse. Derrida's deconstruction and Laclau logics: A theory of discourse.......................................10 -
The Oral Poetics of Professional Wrestling, Or Laying the Smackdown on Homer
Oral Tradition, 29/1 (201X): 127-148 The Oral Poetics of Professional Wrestling, or Laying the Smackdown on Homer William Duffy Since its development in the first half of the twentieth century, Milman Parry and Albert Lord’s theory of “composition in performance” has been central to the study of oral poetry (J. M. Foley 1998:ix-x). This theory and others based on it have been used in the analysis of poetic traditions like those of the West African griots, the Viking skalds, and, most famously, the ancient Greek epics.1 However, scholars have rarely applied Parry-Lord theory to material other than oral poetry, with the notable exceptions of musical forms like jazz, African drumming, and freestyle rap.2 Parry and Lord themselves, on the other hand, referred to the works they catalogued as performances, making it possible to use their ideas beyond poetry and music. The usefulness of Parry-Lord theory in studies of different poetic traditions tempted me to view other genres of performance from this perspective. In this paper I offer up one such genre for analysis —professional wrestling—and show that interpreting the tropes of wrestling through the lens of composition in performance provides information that, in return, can help with analysis of materials more commonly addressed by this theory. Before beginning this effort, it will be useful to identify the qualities that a work must possess to be considered a “composition in performance,” in order to see if professional wrestling qualifies. The first, and probably most important and straightforward, criterion is that, as Lord (1960:13) says, “the moment of composition is the performance.” This disqualifies art forms like theater and ballet, works typically planned in advance and containing words and/or actions that must be performed at precise times and following a precise order. -
800.237.8590 • Visitjohnstownpa.Com • 1
800.237.8590 • visitjohnstownpa.com • 1 PUBLISHED BY Greater Johnstown/Cambria County Convention & Visitors Bureau 111 Roosevelt Blvd., Ste. A Introducing Johnstown ..................right Johnstown, PA 15906-2736 ...............7 814-536-7993 Map of the Cambria County 800-237-8590 The Great Flood of 1889 .....................8 www.visitjohnstownpa.com Industry & Innovation ........................12 16 VISITOR INFORMATION Cambria City ....................................... Introducing Johnstown By Dave Hurst 111 Roosevelt Blvd., Our Towns: Loretto, Johnstown, PA 15906 Ebensburg & Cresson ........................18 If all you know about Johnstown is its flood, you are Mon.-Fri. 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Outdoor Recreation ...........................22 missing out on much of its history – and a lot of fun! Located on Rt. 56, ½ In addition to being the “Flood City,” Johnstown has Bikers Welcome! .................................28 mile west of downtown been a canal port, a railroad center, a steelmaking ATV: Rock Run .....................................31 Johnstown beside Aurandt center, and the new home for a colorful assortment Paddling & Boating ............................32 Auto Sales of European immigrants. Cycling .................................................36 INCLINED PLANE In 2015, Johnstown was proudly named the first .....................................38 VISITOR CENTER Arts & Culture “Kraft Hockeyville USA,” recognizing the community as 711 Edgehill Dr., Family Fun & Entertainment .............40 the most passionate hockey town -
The 1889 Johnstown, Pennsylvania Flood - a Physics-Based Simulation
21 The 1889 Johnstown, Pennsylvania Flood - A physics-based Simulation Steven N. Ward Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics University of California, Santa Cruz, USA 1. Introduction 1.1 Thumbnail review of the 1889 flood. In 1889 Johnstown Pennsylvania was an industrial workingman’s town, sited on a flat triangle of ground at the confluence of the Little Conemaugh and Stoney Creek Rivers (Figure 1). Johnstown and its neighbors in the valley—Cambria, Woodvale and E. Conemaugh—housed 30,000 residents. Years of industrialization narrowed and channelized the valley’s three rivers to a fraction of their natural widths (Figure 2). As a consequence, nearly every spring Johnstown flooded. Even so, the water was little more than aggravation to town folk who simply relocated carpets and furniture to upper floors to wait out the water’s retreat. On May 30 and 31, 1889 the upper reaches of the Little Conemaugh and Stoney Creek basins experienced the strongest rains in anyone’s memory. The Conemaugh River at Johnstown rose from 1 foot to 23 feet in just over 24 hours. By mid-day on the 31st, water crept over most of the lower town reaching to Central Park. Although everyone agreed that this flood was worse than usual, residents nonchalant about the affair, yet again moved carpets and furniture upstairs. Like floods of the past, the 1889 one would have faded from history if not for South Fork Lake, 24 km up the Little Conemaugh River and 140 meters higher than Johnstown (Figure 1). Also swollen by the strong rains, South Fork Lake rose steadily throughout May 31 and water began running out its spillways at mid-day. -
Aztec Human Sacrifice
EIGHT AZTEC HUMAN SACRIFICE ALFREDO LOPÉZ AUSTIN, UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO, ANO LEONARDO LÓPEZ LUJÁN, INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE ANTROPOLOGíA E HISTORIA Stereotypes are persistent ideas of reality generally accepted by a social group. In many cases, they are conceptions that simplify and even caricaturize phenomena of a complex nature. When applied to societies or cultures, they l11ayinclude value judgments that are true or false, specific or ambiguous. If the stereotype refers to orie's own tradition, it emphasizes the positive and the virtuous, and it tends to praise: The Greeks are recalled as philosophers and the Romans as great builders. On the other hand, if the stereotype refers to another tradition , it stresses the negative, the faulty, and it tends to denigrate: For many, Sicilians naturally belong to the Mafia, Pygrnies are cannibals, and the Aztecs were cruel sacrificers. As we will see, many lines of evidence confirm that hurnan sacrifice was one the most deeply rooted religious traditions of the Aztecs. However, it is clear that the Aztecs were not the only ancient people that carried out massacres in honor of their gods, and there is insufficient quantitative inforrnation to determine whether the Aztecs were the people who practiced hu- man sacrifice 1110stoften. Indeed, sacred texts, literary works, historie documents, and especially evidence contributed by archaeology and physical anthropology, enable religious historians to determine that the practice of hurnan sacrifice was common in most parts of the ancient world. For exarnple, evidence of sacrifice and can n iba lism has emerged in l11any parts ofEurope, dating to the Neolithic and Bronze Ages. -
Four Historic Neighborhoods of Johnstown, Pennsylvania
HISTORIC AMERICAN BUILDINGS SURVEY/HISTORIC AMERICAN ENGINEERING RECORD Clemson University 3 1604 019 774 159 The Character of a Steel Mill City: Four Historic Neighborhoods of Johnstown, Pennsylvania ol ,r DOCUMENTS fuBUC '., ITEM «•'\ pEPQS' m 20 1989 m clewson LIBRARY , j„. ft JL^s America's Industrial Heritage Project National Park Service Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012 with funding from LYRASIS Members and Sloan Foundation http://archive.org/details/characterofsteelOOwall THE CHARACTER OF A STEEL MILL CITY: Four Historic Neighborhoods of Johnstown, Pennsylvania Kim E. Wallace, Editor, with contributions by Natalie Gillespie, Bernadette Goslin, Terri L. Hartman, Jeffrey Hickey, Cheryl Powell, and Kim E. Wallace Historic American Buildings Survey/ Historic American Engineering Record National Park Service Washington, D.C. 1989 The Character of a steel mill city: four historic neighborhoods of Johnstown, Pennsylvania / Kim E. Wallace, editor : with contributions by Natalie Gillespie . [et al.]. p. cm. "Prepared by the Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American Engineering Record ... at the request of America's Industrial Heritage Project"-P. Includes bibliographical references. 1. Historic buildings-Pennsylvania-Johnstown. 2. Architecture- Pennsylvania-Johnstown. 3. Johnstown (Pa.) --History. 4. Historic buildings-Pennsylvania-Johnstown-Pictorial works. 5. Architecture-Pennsylvania-Johnstown-Pictorial works. 6. Johnstown (Pa.) -Description-Views. I. Wallace, Kim E. (Kim Elaine), 1962- . II. Gillespie, Natalie. III. Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American Engineering Record. IV. America's Industrial Heritage Project. F159.J7C43 1989 974.877-dc20 89-24500 CIP Cover photograph by Jet Lowe, Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American Engineering Record staff photographer. The towers of St. Stephen 's Slovak Catholic Church are visible beyond the houses of Cambria City, Johnstown. -
Righteous Abel, Wicked Cain: Genesis 4:1-16 in the Masoretic Text, the Septuagint, and the New Testament Joel N
University of the Pacific Scholarly Commons Benerd School of Education Faculty Articles Gladys L. Benerd School of Education 7-1-2009 Righteous Abel, Wicked Cain: Genesis 4:1-16 in the Masoretic Text, the Septuagint, and the New Testament Joel N. Lohr University of the Pacific, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/ed-facarticles Part of the Education Commons Recommended Citation Lohr, J. N. (2009). Righteous Abel, Wicked Cain: Genesis 4:1-16 in the Masoretic Text, the Septuagint, and the New Testament. Catholic Biblical Quarterly, 71(3), 485–496. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/ed-facarticles/23 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Gladys L. Benerd School of Education at Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Benerd School of Education Faculty Articles by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Righteous Abel, Wicked Cain: Genesis 4:1-16 in the Masoretic Text, the Septuagint, and the New Testament JOEL N. LOHR Trinity Western University Langley, BC V2Y 1Y1, Canada THERE APPEARS TO BE a long-standing interpretive crux in the story of Cain and Abel (Gen 4:1-16) regarding why God looks with favor on Abel but not on Cain. The interpretive instinct to determine the reasons for God's favor is perhaps quite natural: religiously speaking, a deity who favors or disfavors without reason could appear arbitrary or unjust, an issue to resolve. The Old Greek (LXX) translation of the story also seems to explain God's favor toward Abel and not Cain in a partic ular way, perhaps providing one of the earliest extant examples of this interpretive practice.1 Through what might be called a theological translation, the LXX paints a negative portrait of Cain (in his offering and in other ways), one that has left an indelible mark on later tradition. -
2019 Annual Report
THE ANNUAL REPORT 2 0 1 9 TABLE OF CONTENTS 4 ABOUT US 5 STAFF AND BOARD 6 MESSSAGE FROM OUR LEADERS 10 GROWING ALONGSIDE OUR YOUTH 12 FULL CIRCLE OF SERVICE 14 NEW HORIZONS 16 SPARKING A PASSION 18 HISTORIC MOMENTS 20 MENTORING IMPACT 24 GIRLS MAKING HISTORY 26 PASSIONATE PEOPLE 28 STRONGER TOGETHER 30 PAVING THE WAY 32 OUR SUPPORTERS 34 INDIVIDUAL DONORS 2 36 ORGANIZATIONAL DONORS 0 40 2018-19 FINANCIALS 1 9 ANNUAL R E P O R T PAGE 4 ANNUAL REPORT 2019 ABOUT US BRIEF HISTORY Beat the Streets Philadelphia was founded on the principle that all children have the potential to become positively contributing citizens when provided the proper support. This belief has endured since the establishment of our first program in 2009 located in the city of Camden, NJ. To this day, the organization remains focused on creating the greatest positive impact for over 1100 youth living in at risk communities. OUR MISSION Beat the Streets Philadelphia (BTSP is a sports-based youth development nonprofit that is committed to fostering the holistic growth studenof t-athletes from underserved communities. BTSP builds and implements mentoring, academic support, and wrestling programs throughout the greater Philadelphia region as vehicles to ‘Positively Alter ifL e’s Trajectory.’ PAGE 5 STAFF AND BOARD COMMITMENT TO POSITIVE CHANGE The growth of the programs at BTSP bring about a number of necessary evolutionary challenges. Everyone involved within the work of helping these student-athletes are ready, willing, and able to meet those challenges. BTSP staff are committed to uphold organizational values, and all understand the importance of adapting as we expand our mission. -
Sacrifice and Sacred Honor: Why the Constitution Is a "Suicide Pact"
Scholarly Commons @ UNLV Boyd Law Scholarly Works Faculty Scholarship 2011 Sacrifice and Sacred Honor: Why the Constitution is a "Suicide Pact" Peter Brandon Bayer University of Nevada, Las Vegas -- William S. Boyd School of Law Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.law.unlv.edu/facpub Part of the Constitutional Law Commons, and the Legal History Commons Recommended Citation Bayer, Peter Brandon, "Sacrifice and Sacred Honor: Why the Constitution is a "Suicide Pact"" (2011). Scholarly Works. 774. https://scholars.law.unlv.edu/facpub/774 This Article is brought to you by the Scholarly Commons @ UNLV Boyd Law, an institutional repository administered by the Wiener-Rogers Law Library at the William S. Boyd School of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SACRIFICE AND SACRED HONOR: WHY THE CONSTITUTION IS A "SUICIDE PACT" Peter Brandon Bayer* ABSTRACT Most legal scholars and elected officials embrace the popular clich6 that "the Constitution is not a suicide pact." Typically, those commentators extol the "Constitution of necessity," the supposition that Government, essentially the Executive, may take any action-may abridge or deny any fundamental right-to alleviate a sufficiently serious national security threat. The "Constitution of necessity" is wrong. This Article explains that strict devotion to the "fundamental fairness" prin- ciples of the Constitution's Due Process Clauses is America's utmost legal and moral duty, surpassing all other considerations, even safety, security and survival. The analysis begins with the most basic premises: the definition of morality and why nations must be moral. This Article defends deontology: the philosophy that because moral principles are a priori, they must be obeyed regardless of terrible outcomes. -
Underground Railroad Network to Freedom Application
OMB Control No. 1024-0232 Expires 5/31/2013 NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL UNDERGROUND RAILROAD NETWORK TO FREEDOM GENERAL INFORMATION Type (pick one): __x_ Site ___ Facility ___ Program Name (of what you are nominating): Allegheny Portage Railroad National Historic Site Address: 110 Federal Park Road City, State, Zip: Gallitzin, PA 16641 County: Cambria Congressional District: PA12 Physical Location of Site/facility (if different): ___ Address not for publication? Date Submitted: Summary: Tell us in 200 words or less what is being nominated and how it is connected to the Underground Railroad. The Allegheny Portage Railroad and Main Line Canal were part of the Pennsylvania Main Line of Public Works, a state-run transportation system connecting Philadelphia and Pittsburgh from the 1830s to 1850s. This system, usually just called the “Main Line,” was a combination of canals, railroads, and inclined planes that moved passengers and cargo across the state. From 1834 when the system opened in its entirety until 1854 when the Pennsylvania Railroad opened, the Main Line was the primary east-west transportation route in Pennsylvania. The 36 mile stretch of the Main Line between Hollidaysburg and Johnstown known as the Allegheny Portage Railroad was also used by people escaping slavery as a transportation route. This application will cover Underground Railroad activities in both Johnstown and Hollidaysburg and will discuss how the Allegheny Portage Railroad linked the two. Allegheny Portage Railroad National Historic Site is a unit of the National Park Service and was authorized by Congress in 1964 to preserve the history of the Allegheny Portage Railroad and its part in the Main Line. -
Poland's Constitution of 1997 with Amendments Through 2009
PDF generated: 26 Aug 2021, 16:45 constituteproject.org Poland's Constitution of 1997 with Amendments through 2009 This complete constitution has been generated from excerpts of texts from the repository of the Comparative Constitutions Project, and distributed on constituteproject.org. constituteproject.org PDF generated: 26 Aug 2021, 16:45 Table of contents Preamble . 3 Chapter I: THE REPUBLIC . 3 Chapter II: THE FREEDOMS, RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF PERSONS AND CITIZENS . 7 Chapter III: SOURCES OF LAW . 18 Chapter IV: THE SEJM AND THE SENATE . 20 Chapter V: THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND . 26 Chapter VI: THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS AND GOVERNMENT ADMINISTRATION . 32 Chapter VII: LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT . 37 Chapter VIII: COURTS AND TRIBUNALS . 38 Chapter IX: ORGANS OF STATE CONTROL AND FOR DEFENCE OF RIGHTS . 44 Chapter X: PUBLIC FINANCES . 47 Chapter XI: EXTRAORDINARY MEASURES . 50 Chapter XII: AMENDING THE CONSTITUTION . 52 Chapter XIII: FINAL AND TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS . 52 Poland 1997 (rev. 2009) Page 2 constituteproject.org PDF generated: 26 Aug 2021, 16:45 • Source of constitutional authority • God or other deities Preamble • Motives for writing constitution • Preamble • Reference to country's history Having regard for the existence and future of our Homeland, Which recovered, in 1989, the possibility of a sovereign and democratic determination of its fate, We, the Polish Nation - all citizens of the Republic, Both those who believe in God as the source of truth, justice, good and beauty, As well as those not sharing such -
The Labor of Private Military Contractors
Outsourcing Sacrifice: The Labor of Private Military Contractors Mateo Taussig-Rubbo* Numerous scandals arising from the United States government's increased use of armed private military contractors have drawn attention to the contractors' legally ill-defined position. But the complexity of the contractors' relation to various bodies of law and doctrine-including military law, international law, state tort law, employment law, and sovereign immunity-is not the only salient issue. The contractors are also awkwardly positioned in relation to the traditional understanding of sacrifice, which has structured Americans' imaginings about those who kill and are killed on behalf of the nation. In this understanding, there is a mutually constitutive relationship between citizenship and sacrifice. This Article examines the contractors' relation to the tradition of sacrifice and finds that they are officially excluded from it-their deaths are not included in body counts, for instance, and they are not given medals and honors. It construes the emergence of the contractor as an effort by U.S. officials to avoid the political liability entailed in calling a loss a sacrifice and discusses the way in which the legal form of contract and the policy of privatization have been means through which this is attempted. The Article then focuses on one case in which this effort ran into difficulties: the spectacular and grotesque killing, dismembering and immolation of four Blackwater contractors in Fallujah, Iraq. In this event, individuals who had contracted their services came to be seen as having sacrificed for the U.S. In conclusion, the Article urges that while it is important to address the lack of legal clarity surrounding contractors, it is also necessary to address their position in the tradition of sacrifice and attend to the deeper issues of popular and governmental sovereignty which that tradition articulates.