RESOUND a Quarterly of the Archives of Traditional Music
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RESOUND A Quarterly of the Archives of Traditional Music Volume 22, Number 1/2 January / April 2003 In The Convivial Glow FroIn the Director John Holmes McDowell Daniel B. Reed I1ke a cat drawn to a warm lap, I am drawn to the scenes of human conviviality. This is a trait that runs deep and A Return Trip To West Africa: Finding has sustained me over the years as I have followed the Konkoba murmur of voices and the echo of song to the places where In 1934, Laura Boulton, along with several other people come together in festive or solemn mood. Never participants in the Straus Expedition 1 documented a mask released from the spell of the talk and the music, I have performance called Konkoba (literally, "great/large learned to discover in these moments of togetherness a guide wilderness") in the village of Bankumana, French Sudan to personal temperament and character, to the way things are (now Mali) in West Africa. Years ago, while researching and done in society, and to the imprint of codes underlying belief writing the CD-ROM, Music and Culture of West Africa: The and practice. The llidigenou5 pcopk in Cob1:lbia's Sibundoy Stra!!s E_'Peditirln (Tnc1iana University Press~ 2002)~ I found the Valley live for the carnival that brings the community together [tlm, photos, and audio recordings of Konkoba to be among once a year, just as the costenos of Mexico's Costa Chica relish the most intriguing documents in the ATM's collection of their bohemios, evenings given over to exercising the local Straus Expedition materials (accession number 92-313-F). muses. And I thank my lucky stars for the pleasure of such In the brief but tantalizing [tlm footage, the enormous company on these sorts of special occasions. A folklorist attuned to the artistic uses of speech and continued on page two language, I have found myself on the edge and sometimes in the middle of many richly expressive moments. This quest has carried me to three continents (and an island or two), into homes, plazas, churches, and cabildos in dozens of villages, towns and cities. It is my style to travel light, avoid the authorities as much as possible, and seek out the good hearted people of a place, and in this I have been fabulously successfuL It has been my fortune to attract or stumble upon a remarkable group of quasi-magical helpers, people sharing my own reverence for the play of creativity and tradition. I think of Miguel Arizmendi, Francisco Tandioy, Kwesi Yankah, Raul Mayo, and many others who guided my steps and awakened my mind to the wonders of their native districts. They brought me to the musicians, dancers, poets, and pranksters, to the wise mC!)lores and talented juglares, who animate in their voices and actions the legacies of their regions. At times I found riddles, or nicknames; at other times ballads, or stories imbued with mythic consciousness. I made it my rule·to respond, I hope with some agility, to what occupied the energies of those around me. Konkoba performance attended by Laura Boulton in Bankumana, Mali continued on page three 1934. Photo by Jack Jennings. Konkoba mask performer glides across the performance not only the Kouyate family-which included many space under a huge baobab tree, while several smaller, descendants of performers from the 1934 event in children's masks called gbonni dance alongside him. An Bankumana-but also Sekou Kouyate, who had danced as ensemble consisting of five wooden xylophones (baia) one of the child gbonni performers at this same performance forms a semi-circle beneath the tree, playing interlocking in 1934! Sekou, now in his eighties and the head of the large patterns that accompany a song. The footage briefly Kouyate family, served as our host for a week-long stay features a lead musician, griot El Hadj Kabine Kouyate, during which we conducted numerous interviews and video who alternately sings a melismatic melody and improvises and audio-taped several performances, including one by the solo patterns on his baia. Konkoba mask itself. Certainly the highlight was showing a My interest piqued, I scoured the scholarly literature for CD-ROM copy of Boulton's ftlm to Sekou and several references to Konkoba. I found little beyond short descendants, including Mamoudou Kouyate-the son of the descriptions and brief mentions. Still, I was able to learn principal jeii in the 1934 footage. Being professional oral just enough to kindle even greater interest. Konkoba, I historians, the Kouyates remembered the story of this learned, is a griot (jeii) phenomenon. One of the "castes" performance well, but in sixty-nine years they had never seen of the '!Yamakaia social system of Mande peoples in West the ftlm or photos or listened to the audio recordings. On a Africa,jeiis are best-known for their praise singing, battery-powered laptop, we watched and listened together, perpetuation of oral history, and, especially, for being and the family was deeply moved. At turns laughing, consummate musicians. Across the large stretch of West hollering, shaking heads, and jumping up to identify people Africa where jeiis are found, their social roles are remarkably on the screen, the Kouyates were thrilled to witness this consistent. Of great significance is the fact that the jeii job document of their own history. With permission from the description generally does not include mask performance, Smithsonian Human Studies Film Archives, which holds the nor the mystical beliefs-involving nature worship, power rights to the film, I gave repatriation copies of the video to objects, and other indigenous religious attributes-associated the family. with Konkoba. This mask thus represents a striking exception In interviews, I learned much about Konkoba, its role in to typical jeii social roles. Furthermore,jeiis have been the Kouyate family's lives, and the roles of music in its Muslim for centuries, and the presence of Islam is felt in performance. I also learned a great deal more than we had Konkoba performance. That Konkoba performance previously known about the 1934 event that Boulton interweaves Koranic song te~ts and Islamic amulets seVIn , documented h'1. Bankurnana, ivlali. For example, we had into the mask performer's clothing with indigenous religious known nothing about why this event had taken place, and beliefs and practices only served to heighten my curiosity. how Boulton had come to document it. Sekou Kouyate told For these reasons, I have wanted to conduct follow-up me that, in 1934, the father of Modibo Keita-a leading research on Konkoba for some time, and during the summer of 2003, I finally found the opportunity to do so. Equipped with video copies of the Boulton film footage and information from colleagues who had witnessed and/ RESOUND or documented Konkoba performances in southwestern Mali A Quarterly of the Archives of Traditional Music in recent years, I arrived in the Malian capital of Bamako to Marilyn Graf, Editor begin my search for the present-day location of this mask We are pleased to accept comments, letters, and and its performers. Given that Konkoba performances had submissions. Please address your correspondence to occurred on numerous occasions in southwest Mali between RESOUND at: 1934 and the present day, I assumed that I would fmd Archives of Traditional Music performers somewhere in the region between Bamako and Morrison Hall 117 the Guinea border. This assumption, however, proved Indiana University false. Accompanied by research assistants Bakary Sidibe and Bloomington, IN 47405 [email protected] Fadjine Kone, I traveled to several villages where either I www.indiana.edul-libarchm knew a performance had taken place or I had heard that Daniel B. Reed, Director Konkoba was in residence. At every suc~ community, I heard Marilyn B. Graf, Archivist the same story, ''Yes, Konkoba was here in (1934, 1984, etc., Suzanne Mudge, Librarian fill in the blank), but it was performed by the Kouyate Mike Casey, Coordinator of Recording Services Geri Brummett, Office Services Assistant family of Siguiri, Guinea." So, we realized that a trip across the border to Guinea would be necessary. In a Land Rover, we made the arduous, dirt-road trip ISSN 0749-2472 across the Mali/Guinea border, eventually landing in the small city of Siguiri. There, to our astonishment, we found 2 colonial era politician who would become Mali's flrst In The Convivial Glow president in 1960-died. His funeral was a major regional Continuedfrom page one event, so the Kouyate family walked two hundred kilometers to Bamako to offer condolences and perform for the My professional journey began close to home, when I occasion. While walking back home to Siguiri, Sekou's older was a graduate student at the University of Texas and brother became ill, forcing the group to stop for a rest at completed in 1975 my doctoral dissertation on the speech Bankumana, where they encountered Boulton and the rest of play and verbal art of Austin's Chicano children. While still the Straus Expedition crew. At Bankumana, the Kouyates in graduate school I inaugurated the two other investigations were asked to perform for the chief, N ankon Kamara; when that would consume me for many years, 4tdeed hasta el Boulton asked to document the event, the family agreed. presente, into the corridos of Mexico's Costa Chica, and into The Kouyates had seen cars before (and in fact rented one to the speech art and spiritual life of two indigenous ease their journey back from Bankumana to Siguiri), but had communities in Colombia's Sibundoy Valley. These are my never before encountered cameras and recording gear.