DOCSLIB.ORG

Molecular Evolution of the Gapc Gene Family In

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Molecular Evolution of the Gapc Gene Family In MOLECULAR EVOLUTION OF THE GAPC GENE FAMILY IN AMSINCKIA SPECTABILIS (BORAGINACEAE) Joëlle R. Pérusse Department ofBiology McGill University, Montreal November 2001 A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment ofthe requirements ofthe degree ofMasters of Science Joëlle R. Pérusse © 2001 National Library Bibliothèque nationale 1+1 of Canada du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographic Services services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A ON4 Ottawa ON K1 A ON4 canada canada You, file Votre réftl_ Ou, file Notre rélé,_ The author bas granted a non­ L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive permettant à la National Library ofCanada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distnbute or sell reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies ofthis thesis in microform, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la forme de microfiche/film, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership ofthe L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts from it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or otherwise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son penmsslOn. autorisation. 0-612-78937-3 Canada PREFACE This thesis carries a credit weight of 39 credits, from a total of45 credits required for the Master's degree. Graduate credits are a measure ofthe time assigned to a given task in the graduate program. They are based on the consideration that a term offull-time graduate work is equivalent to 12 to 16 credits, depending on the intensity ofthe program. 2 AB8TRACT This thesis investigates the molecular evolution ofthe cytosolic glyceraldehyde 3­ phosphate dehydrogenase (GapC) gene family in two varieties ofAmsinckia spectabilis (Boraginaceae) that differ in mating system. Examination of sequence variation suggests that the gene family consists ofthree or four members. Compared with GapC in Arabidopsis thaliana, the GapC locus in A. spectabilis has at least two fewer introns and one intron that is double in length. Strong purifying selection was detected at each putative locus since the divergence ofthe Amsinckia spectabilis lineage from species in the aIlied family Solanaceae. Mean nuc1eotide diversity across aIl observedO loci is 0.0036 for the inbreeding variety spectabilis, and 0.0049 for the outbreeding variety microcarpa. Outbreeding populations were systematicaIly more diverse than inbreeding populations at GapC-IV These results are discussed in the context oftheory for the fate of duplicate genes, and the background selection hypothesis. 3 RESUME La présente thèse étudie l'évolution moléculaire de la famille des gènes de la glycéraldehyde 3-phosphate déshydrogénase cytosolique (GapC) chez deux variétés d'Amsinckia spectabilis qui diffèrent de système de reproduction. L'examen de la variation des séquences suggère que la famille des gènes GapC comprend trois ou quatre membres chez Amsinckia spectabilis. Les loci GapC chez Amsinckia spectabilis contiennent un intron deux fois plus long, et au moins deux introns de moins, comparé à GapC chez Arabidopsis thaliana. Une forte sélection purificatrice fut détectée à chaque locus GapC depuis la divergence de la lignée à laquelle appartient Amsinckia spectabilis et des espèces de la famille Solanaceae. La diversité génétique évaluée à partir des séquences d'ADN est de 0.0036 chez la variété auto-féconde spectabilis, et de 0.0049 chez la variété à fertilisation croisée microcarpa. Les populations à fertilisation croisée étaient systématiquement plus diverses au locus GapC-IV que celles auto-fécondes. Ces résultats sont discutés dans le contexte de la théorie sur le sort des gènes dupliqués et de l'hypothèse de "background selection", 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, l would like to thank my thesis supervisor, Daniel J. Schoen, for his guidance and support throughout this degree, and acknowledge his editorial expertise and his valuable help in data analysis. Thanks also to the other members ofmy supervisory committee, Candace Waddell and Tom Bureau, for excellent advice and use oftheir facilities. l also want to thank my undergraduate thesis advisor, Terry A. Wheeler, for getting me involved in research. Thank you to Lily, Steve, Aaron, Aura, Hien and Nabil, who have helped me with laboratory techniques and troubleshooting. Thanks to Nikoleta for doing most of the sequencing. Thanks to Mark, Claire and Frank ofthe McGill Phytotron for excellent plant care, and to Isabelle for doing part ofthe planting. l have enjoyed while at McGill the company of, and discussions ofevolutionary topics with, Steve, Sara, Mattieu, Aura, Natalia, Denis, Gray, Malorie, Adrian, Kathy and others. Thanks to my sister Marie-Andrée, and my friends Vanessa, Malorie, Alex K., Alex S., Adrian, Lily, Andrea, Jade and Jessica, for their encouragements, for making me laugh and for keeping me entertained. 5 Last but not least 1 would like to thank my parents for teaching me the value of education and hard work, and for instilling in me the love of leaming. To my beloved family, for your support and for aIl the "little" things that you did for me while 1 was hard at work. This thesis is dedicated to you. This work was supported in part by a postgraduate scholarship from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada (NSERC) to lR. Pérusse and by a NSERC operating grant to D.l Schoen. 6 TABLE OF CONTENT Preface 2 Abstract 3 Resume 4 Acknowledgments 5 Table of Content. 7 List of Tables 8 List of Figures 10 Introduction 12 Materials and Methods................................................................. 34 Results 45 Discussion 55 Conclusion 63 Literature cited 65 Tables 87 Figures 101 Appendix A 108 7 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Amsinckia spectabilis varieties studied 87 Table 2. Primer pairs and corresponding annealing temperatures 88 Table 3. List of individuals with the 18 bp deletion in their GapC gene sequence ............................................................................................... 89 Table 4. Putative locus-defining substitutions in relation to the consensus Amsinckia GapC sequence shown in Figure 1 90 Table 5. Linkage disequilibrium between putative loci-defining sites 91 Table 6. Analysis of selective constraint in four putative GapC loci in Amsinckia spectabilis 93 Table 7. Analysis of selective constraint in four putative GapC loci in Amsinckia spectabilis (singletons removed) 94 8 Table 8. Analysis of selective constraint for each putative A. spectabilis GapC locus analyzed in combination with Solanaceous GapC coding sequence data ................................................................................................ 95 Table 9. Functional consequences of amino acid substitutions in haplotypes of Amsinckia spectabilis at GapC loci 96 Table 10. Nucleotide variation at four putative Gap C loci in Amsinckia spectabilis varieties that differ in mating system 97 Table 11. Nucleotide variation at four putative GapC loci in Amsinckia spectabilis varieties that differ in mating system (singletons removed) 98 Table 12. Nucleotide variation at GapC-I and GapC-IV loci within Amsinckia spectabilis populations that differ in mating system 99 Table 13. Nucleotide variation at GapC-I and GapC-IV loci within Amsinckia spectabilis populations that differ in mating system (singletons removed) 100 9 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Alignment of the partial GapC gene sequence ofArabidopsis thaliana and Amsincka spectabilis. ............................................................. 101 Figure 2. Graphical representation ofintronJexon structure in a partial GapC gene sequence ofArabidopsis thaliana and Amsinckia spectabilis 102 Figure 3. Neighbor-joining tree of GapC haplotypes in Amsinckia spectabilis .............................. '" '" 103 Figure 4. Haplotypes produced by single individua1s in Amsinckia spectabilis populations .... 104 Figure 5. Representative result ofPCR-RFLP ana1ysis, depicted here for population 28. .......................................................................... .. 105 Figure 6. Results from a Southern hybridization between a GapC fragment and Amsinckia spectabilis genomic DNA digested with Hha l (lane 1) and Hind III (lane 2) 106 Figure 7. ML tree ofGapC sequences from Amsinckia spectabilis and Solanaceous species tobacco, tomato, petunia and potato 107 10 INTRODUCTION DNA sequences are a valuable source of infonnation on the evolutionary process. Many disciplines, from comparative biology to population genetics, profit from sequence data analyses. For example, studies involving phylogenetics and biogeography (Whelan et al. 200l; Pagel 1999) have reconstructed gene trees, primarily based on plastid sequences (Simon et al. 1994), which have successfully been compared to species trees based on morphological characters. The increased ease ofobtaining molecular genetic data has resulted in a greater resolution of historical demographic parameters for populations (Goldstein and Harvey 1999), and in more accurate measures ofpopulation divergence estimates (Edwards and Beerli 2000). Population geneticists have put much emphasis on the level and patterns ofevolution as revealed by DNA sequences, with a particular emphasis on natural selection, drift and recombination (Aquadro 1997). Methods have been developed
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks Bioblitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks BioBlitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event Natural Resource Report NPS/GOGA/NRR—2016/1147 ON THIS PAGE Photograph of BioBlitz participants conducting data entry into iNaturalist. Photograph courtesy of the National Park Service. ON THE COVER Photograph of BioBlitz participants collecting aquatic species data in the Presidio of San Francisco. Photograph courtesy of National Park Service. The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks BioBlitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event Natural Resource Report NPS/GOGA/NRR—2016/1147 Elizabeth Edson1, Michelle O’Herron1, Alison Forrestel2, Daniel George3 1Golden Gate Parks Conservancy Building 201 Fort Mason San Francisco, CA 94129 2National Park Service. Golden Gate National Recreation Area Fort Cronkhite, Bldg. 1061 Sausalito, CA 94965 3National Park Service. San Francisco Bay Area Network Inventory & Monitoring Program Manager Fort Cronkhite, Bldg. 1063 Sausalito, CA 94965 March 2016 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate comprehensive information and analysis about natural resources and related topics concerning lands managed by the National Park Service.
    [Show full text]
  • The Flora of Guadalupe Island, Mexico
    qQ 11 C17X NH THE FLORA OF GUADALUPE ISLAND, MEXICO By Reid Moran Published by the California Academy of Sciences San Francisco, California Memoirs of the California Academy of Sciences, Number 19 The pride of Guadalupe Island, the endemic Cisfuiillw giiailulupensis. flowering on a small islet off the southwest coast, with cliffs of the main island as a background; 19 April 1957. This plant is rare on the main island, surviving only on cliffs out of reach of goats, but common here on sjoatless Islote Nccro. THE FLORA OF GUADALUPE ISLAND, MEXICO Q ^ THE FLORA OF GUADALUPE ISLAND, MEXICO By Reid Moran y Published by the California Academy of Sciences San Francisco, California Memoirs of the California Academy of Sciences, Number 19 San Francisco July 26, 1996 SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE: Alan E. Lcviton. Ediinr Katie Martin, Managing Editor Thomas F. Daniel Michael Ghiselin Robert C. Diewes Wojciech .1. Pulawski Adam Schift" Gary C. Williams © 1906 by the California Academy of Sciences, Golden (iate Park. San Francisco, California 94118 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any infcMination storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 96-084362 ISBN 0-940228-40-8 TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract vii Resumen viii Introduction 1 Guadalupe Island Description I Place names 9 Climate 13 History 15 Other Biota 15 The Vascular Plants Native
    [Show full text]
  • Fort Ord Natural Reserve Plant List
    UCSC Fort Ord Natural Reserve Plants Below is the most recently updated plant list for UCSC Fort Ord Natural Reserve. * non-native taxon ? presence in question Listed Species Information: CNPS Listed - as designated by the California Rare Plant Ranks (formerly known as CNPS Lists). More information at http://www.cnps.org/cnps/rareplants/ranking.php Cal IPC Listed - an inventory that categorizes exotic and invasive plants as High, Moderate, or Limited, reflecting the level of each species' negative ecological impact in California. More information at http://www.cal-ipc.org More information about Federal and State threatened and endangered species listings can be found at https://www.fws.gov/endangered/ (US) and http://www.dfg.ca.gov/wildlife/nongame/ t_e_spp/ (CA). FAMILY NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME LISTED Ferns AZOLLACEAE - Mosquito Fern American water fern, mosquito fern, Family Azolla filiculoides ? Mosquito fern, Pacific mosquitofern DENNSTAEDTIACEAE - Bracken Hairy brackenfern, Western bracken Family Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens fern DRYOPTERIDACEAE - Shield or California wood fern, Coastal wood wood fern family Dryopteris arguta fern, Shield fern Common horsetail rush, Common horsetail, field horsetail, Field EQUISETACEAE - Horsetail Family Equisetum arvense horsetail Equisetum telmateia ssp. braunii Giant horse tail, Giant horsetail Pentagramma triangularis ssp. PTERIDACEAE - Brake Family triangularis Gold back fern Gymnosperms CUPRESSACEAE - Cypress Family Hesperocyparis macrocarpa Monterey cypress CNPS - 1B.2, Cal IPC
    [Show full text]
  • Edible Seeds and Grains of California Tribes
    National Plant Data Team August 2012 Edible Seeds and Grains of California Tribes and the Klamath Tribe of Oregon in the Phoebe Apperson Hearst Museum of Anthropology Collections, University of California, Berkeley August 2012 Cover photos: Left: Maidu woman harvesting tarweed seeds. Courtesy, The Field Museum, CSA1835 Right: Thick patch of elegant madia (Madia elegans) in a blue oak woodland in the Sierra foothills The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its pro- grams and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sex- ual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW., Washington, DC 20250–9410, or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Acknowledgments This report was authored by M. Kat Anderson, ethnoecologist, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) and Jim Effenberger, Don Joley, and Deborah J. Lionakis Meyer, senior seed bota- nists, California Department of Food and Agriculture Plant Pest Diagnostics Center. Special thanks to the Phoebe Apperson Hearst Museum staff, especially Joan Knudsen, Natasha Johnson, Ira Jacknis, and Thusa Chu for approving the project, helping to locate catalogue cards, and lending us seed samples from their collections.
    [Show full text]
  • (Dr. Sc. Nat.) Vorgelegt Der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftl
    Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2012 Flowers, sex, and diversity: Reproductive-ecological and macro-evolutionary aspects of floral variation in the Primrose family, Primulaceae de Vos, Jurriaan Michiel Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-88785 Dissertation Originally published at: de Vos, Jurriaan Michiel. Flowers, sex, and diversity: Reproductive-ecological and macro-evolutionary aspects of floral variation in the Primrose family, Primulaceae. 2012, University of Zurich, Facultyof Science. FLOWERS, SEX, AND DIVERSITY. REPRODUCTIVE-ECOLOGICAL AND MACRO-EVOLUTIONARY ASPECTS OF FLORAL VARIATION IN THE PRIMROSE FAMILY, PRIMULACEAE Dissertation zur Erlangung der naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorwürde (Dr. sc. nat.) vorgelegt der Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät der Universität Zürich von Jurriaan Michiel de Vos aus den Niederlanden Promotionskomitee Prof. Dr. Elena Conti (Vorsitz) Prof. Dr. Antony B. Wilson Dr. Colin E. Hughes Zürich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s ist ein zentrales Ziel in der Evolutionsbiologie, die Muster der Vielfalt und die Prozesse, die sie erzeugen, zu verstehen.
    [Show full text]
  • Vascular Plants of Humboldt Bay's Dunes and Wetlands Published by U.S
    Vascular Plants of Humboldt Bay's Dunes and Wetlands Published by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service G. Leppig and A. Pickart and California Department of Fish Game Release 4.0 June 2014* www.fws.gov/refuge/humboldt_bay/ Habitat- Habitat - Occurs on Species Status Occurs within Synonyms Common name specific broad Lanphere- Jepson Manual (2012) (see codes at end) refuge (see codes at end) (see codes at end) Ma-le'l Units UD PW EW Adoxaceae Sambucus racemosa L. red elderberry RF, CDF, FS X X N X X Aizoaceae Carpobrotus chilensis (Molina) sea fig DM X E X X N.E. Br. Carpobrotus edulis ( L.) N.E. Br. Iceplant DM X E, I X Alismataceae lanceleaf water Alisma lanceolatum With. FM X E plantain northern water Alisma triviale Pursh FM X N plantain Alliaceae three-cornered Allium triquetrum L. FS, FM, DM X X E leek Allium unifolium Kellogg one-leaf onion CDF X N X X Amaryllidaceae Amaryllis belladonna L. belladonna lily DS, AW X X E Narcissus pseudonarcissus L. daffodil AW, DS, SW X X E X Anacardiaceae Toxicodendron diversilobum Torrey poison oak CDF, RF X X N X X & A. Gray (E. Greene) Apiaceae Angelica lucida L. seacoast angelica BM X X N, C X X Anthriscus caucalis M. Bieb bur chevril DM X E Cicuta douglasii (DC.) J. Coulter & western water FM X N Rose hemlock Conium maculatum L. poison hemlock RF, AW X I X Daucus carota L. Queen Anne's lace AW, DM X X I X American wild Daucus pusillus Michaux DM, SW X X N X X carrot Foeniculum vulgare Miller sweet fennel AW, FM, SW X X I X Glehnia littoralis (A.
    [Show full text]
  • Vascular Plants of Santa Cruz County, California
    ANNOTATED CHECKLIST of the VASCULAR PLANTS of SANTA CRUZ COUNTY, CALIFORNIA SECOND EDITION Dylan Neubauer Artwork by Tim Hyland & Maps by Ben Pease CALIFORNIA NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY, SANTA CRUZ COUNTY CHAPTER Copyright © 2013 by Dylan Neubauer All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without written permission from the author. Design & Production by Dylan Neubauer Artwork by Tim Hyland Maps by Ben Pease, Pease Press Cartography (peasepress.com) Cover photos (Eschscholzia californica & Big Willow Gulch, Swanton) by Dylan Neubauer California Native Plant Society Santa Cruz County Chapter P.O. Box 1622 Santa Cruz, CA 95061 To order, please go to www.cruzcps.org For other correspondence, write to Dylan Neubauer [email protected] ISBN: 978-0-615-85493-9 Printed on recycled paper by Community Printers, Santa Cruz, CA For Tim Forsell, who appreciates the tiny ones ... Nobody sees a flower, really— it is so small— we haven’t time, and to see takes time, like to have a friend takes time. —GEORGIA O’KEEFFE CONTENTS ~ u Acknowledgments / 1 u Santa Cruz County Map / 2–3 u Introduction / 4 u Checklist Conventions / 8 u Floristic Regions Map / 12 u Checklist Format, Checklist Symbols, & Region Codes / 13 u Checklist Lycophytes / 14 Ferns / 14 Gymnosperms / 15 Nymphaeales / 16 Magnoliids / 16 Ceratophyllales / 16 Eudicots / 16 Monocots / 61 u Appendices 1. Listed Taxa / 76 2. Endemic Taxa / 78 3. Taxa Extirpated in County / 79 4. Taxa Not Currently Recognized / 80 5. Undescribed Taxa / 82 6. Most Invasive Non-native Taxa / 83 7. Rejected Taxa / 84 8. Notes / 86 u References / 152 u Index to Families & Genera / 154 u Floristic Regions Map with USGS Quad Overlay / 166 “True science teaches, above all, to doubt and be ignorant.” —MIGUEL DE UNAMUNO 1 ~ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ~ ANY THANKS TO THE GENEROUS DONORS without whom this publication would not M have been possible—and to the numerous individuals, organizations, insti- tutions, and agencies that so willingly gave of their time and expertise.
    [Show full text]
  • Technical Notes
    TECHNICAL NOTES U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service TN – PLANT MATERIALS - CA - 83 December, 2015 Big Pine Paiute Tribe Conservation Field Trial Study The Edible Corm Plant, Nahavita, Dichelostemma capitatum (Benth.) Alph. Wood: Source Population Adaptation and Vegetative Reproduction Response Project Principal Investigators Ken Lair, Ph.D. Lair Restoration Consulting Restoration Ecologist / former NRCS-ACES Plant Materials Specialist Hesperia, CA 559-476-9335 [email protected] Rob Pearce, Ph.D. District Conservationist Natural Resources Conservation Service, USDA Bishop, CA 760-872-6111 [email protected] Bill Helmer Director, Tribal Historic Preservation Office Big Pine Paiute Tribe of the Owens Valley Big Pine, CA 760-938-2003, ext. 228 [email protected] 2 Background and Objectives C. Background The underground plant parts harvested historically by the Big Pine Paiute Tribe for foods include bulbs, tubers, and corms (aka “geophytes”). These are often termed “root crops” or “Indian potatoes” in the local vernacular. These underground plant structures provide an important starch and protein component of the Indian diet. “Indian potatoes” gathered by the Big Pine Paiute Tribe include Nahavita (aka bluedicks) (Dichelostemma capitatum (Benth.) Alph. Wood ssp. capitatum) (Figure 1), and taboose (aka yellow nutsedge) (Cyperus esculentus L. var. esculentus L.). B. A. Figure 1. A. Nahavita plants harvested by a traditional tribal digging stick. B. Floral display of Nahavita. C. Nahavita corms. Photos by M. Kat Anderson (A and C), and USDA- PLANTS database (B). Some traditional subsistence geophytic plant foods for California Indians from archaeological time to the recent past are declining in abundance in the areas where Indians used to gather them.
    [Show full text]
  • BORAGINACEAE Christine Pang, Darla Chenin, and Amber M
    Comparative Seed Manual: BORAGINACEAE Christine Pang, Darla Chenin, and Amber M. VanDerwarker (Completed, April 29, 2019) This seed manual consists of photos and relevant information on plant species housed in the Integrative Subsistence Laboratory at the Anthropology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara. The impetus for the creation of this manual was to enable UCSB graduate students to have access to comparative materials when making in-field identifications. Most of the plant species included in the manual come from New World locales with an emphasis on Eastern North America, California, Mexico, Central America, and the South American Andes. Published references consulted1: 1998. Moerman, Daniel E. Native American ethnobotany. Vol. 879. Portland, OR: Timber press. 2009. Moerman, Daniel E. Native American medicinal plants: an ethnobotanical dictionary. OR: Timber Press. 2010. Moerman, Daniel E. Native American food plants: an ethnobotanical dictionary. OR: Timber Press. 2007. Timbrook, Jan. Chumash Ethnobotany: Plant Knowledge among the Chumash People of Southern California. OR: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural history. Species included herein: Amsinckia menziesii Borago officinalis Eriodictyon angustifolium Phacelia cicutaria 1 Disclaimer: Information on relevant edible and medicinal uses comes from a variety of sources, both published and internet-based; this manual does NOT recommend using any plants as food or medicine without first consulting a medical professional. Amsinckia menziesii Family: Boraginaceae Common Names: Common fiddleneck, Menzies’ fiddleneck, Small flowered fiddleneck, Rancher’s fiddleneck Habitat and Growth Habit: This annual herb is native to California. It can be found in Western North America from Alaska to Baja California. Often growing in dry open places, meadows, forests, and shrubs.
    [Show full text]
  • Toxic Plants in the San Joaquin Valley and Surrounding Area Julie Finzel (Theresa Becchetti Presenting) July 10, 2013 Catheys Valley, CA
    Toxic Plants in the San Joaquin Valley and surrounding area Julie Finzel (Theresa Becchetti presenting) July 10, 2013 Catheys Valley, CA Special thanks go to: Larry Forero, Glenn Nader, Art Craigmill, and Joe DiTomaso for critical input during the preparation of this presentation. Grazing Behavior • How do livestock learn what to eat? • Most animals avoid toxic plants • Usually, an animal must be very hungry before it will eat a toxic plant • There are exceptions to every rule. Some animals get curious Overview of Plant Toxins • Toxic plants contain a number of different toxins that can affect an animal including: – Nitrates/Nitrites – Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids and other Alkaloids – Tannins – Cyanide – Oxalates – Thiaminase – and more… • Each toxin produces a different response in the animal – Varies by species – Can vary based on plant consumed, plant parts, amount consumed, weight of individual and time of year Recorded Livestock Poisonings (17+ years) Vet School Lab Data Chokecherry (Prunus virginiana) • Toxin – Cyanide • Species affected – Cattle, Sheep, Horses, Goats and Humans • Habitat – Along streams, in damp places and in woody, brushy areas • Symptoms – Sudden death – Salivation – Heavy Breathing • Wilted leaves are toxic and any plant cuttings should be removed from areas where livestock graze J. E.(Jed) and Bonnie McClellan © California Academy of Sciences © Br. Alfred Brousseau, Saint Mary's College © Dr. Mark S. Brunell Cocklebur (Xanthium© Kai Palenscar strumarium and spinosum) • Toxin – Glycosides • Species affected – Cattle,
    [Show full text]
  • Washington Flora Checklist a Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Washington State Hosted by the University of Washington Herbarium
    Washington Flora Checklist A checklist of the Vascular Plants of Washington State Hosted by the University of Washington Herbarium The Washington Flora Checklist aims to be a complete list of the native and naturalized vascular plants of Washington State, with current classifications, nomenclature and synonymy. The checklist currently contains 3,929 terminal taxa (species, subspecies, and varieties). Taxa included in the checklist: * Native taxa whether extant, extirpated, or extinct. * Exotic taxa that are naturalized, escaped from cultivation, or persisting wild. * Waifs (e.g., ballast plants, escaped crop plants) and other scarcely collected exotics. * Interspecific hybrids that are frequent or self-maintaining. * Some unnamed taxa in the process of being described. Family classifications follow APG IV for angiosperms, PPG I (J. Syst. Evol. 54:563?603. 2016.) for pteridophytes, and Christenhusz et al. (Phytotaxa 19:55?70. 2011.) for gymnosperms, with a few exceptions. Nomenclature and synonymy at the rank of genus and below follows the 2nd Edition of the Flora of the Pacific Northwest except where superceded by new information. Accepted names are indicated with blue font; synonyms with black font. Native species and infraspecies are marked with boldface font. Please note: This is a working checklist, continuously updated. Use it at your discretion. Created from the Washington Flora Checklist Database on September 17th, 2018 at 9:47pm PST. Available online at http://biology.burke.washington.edu/waflora/checklist.php Comments and questions should be addressed to the checklist administrators: David Giblin ([email protected]) Peter Zika ([email protected]) Suggested citation: Weinmann, F., P.F. Zika, D.E. Giblin, B.
    [Show full text]
  • Thomas Coulter's Californian Exsiccata
    Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 37 Issue 1 Issue 1–2 Article 2 2019 Plantae Coulterianae: Thomas Coulter’s Californian Exsiccata Gary D. Wallace California Botanic Garden, Claremont, CA Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Wallace, Gary D. (2020) "Plantae Coulterianae: Thomas Coulter’s Californian Exsiccata," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 37: Iss. 1, Article 2. Available at: https://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol37/iss1/2 Aliso, 37(1–2), pp. 1–73 ISSN: 0065-6275 (print), 2327-2929 (online) PLANTAE COULTERIANAE: THOMAS COULTER’S CALIFORNIAN EXSICCATA Gary D. Wallace California Botanic Garden [formerly Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden], 1500 North College Avenue, Claremont, California 91711 ([email protected]) abstract An account of the extent, diversity, and importance of the Californian collections of Thomas Coulter in the herbarium (TCD) of Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland, is presented here. It is based on examination of collections in TCD, several other collections available online, and referenced literature. Additional infor- mation on historical context, content of herbarium labels and annotations is included. Coulter’s collections in TCD are less well known than partial duplicate sets at other herbaria. He was the first botanist to cross the desert of southern California to the Colorado River. Coulter’s collections in TCD include not only 60 vascular plant specimens previously unidentified as type material but also among the first moss andmarine algae specimens known to be collected in California. A list of taxa named for Thomas Coulter is included.
    [Show full text]