La Represión En Perspectiva Transnacional. Las
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CONTENTS Foreword xi Acknowledgements xiv Acronyms xviii Introduction 1 1 A terrorist attack in Italy 3 2 A scandal shocks Western Europe 15 3 The silence of NATO, CIA and MI6 25 4 The secret war in Great Britain 38 5 The secret war in the United States 51 6 The secret war in Italy 63 7 The secret war in France 84 8 The secret war in Spain 103 9 The secret war in Portugal 114 10 The secret war in Belgium 125 11 The secret war in the Netherlands 148 12 The secret war in Luxemburg 165 ix 13 The secret war in Denmark 168 14 The secret war in Norway 176 15 The secret war in Germany 189 16 The secret war in Greece 212 17 The secret war in Turkey 224 Conclusion 245 Chronology 250 Notes 259 Select bibliography 301 Index 303 x FOREWORD At the height of the Cold War there was effectively a front line in Europe. Winston Churchill once called it the Iron Curtain and said it ran from Szczecin on the Baltic Sea to Trieste on the Adriatic Sea. Both sides deployed military power along this line in the expectation of a major combat. The Western European powers created the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) precisely to fight that expected war but the strength they could marshal remained limited. The Soviet Union, and after the mid-1950s the Soviet Bloc, consistently had greater numbers of troops, tanks, planes, guns, and other equipment. This is not the place to pull apart analyses of the military balance, to dissect issues of quantitative versus qualitative, or rigid versus flexible tactics. -
Legacy of Abuse: Confronting the Past, Facing the Future
The Legacy of Abuse Confronting the Past, Facing the Future Alice H. Henkin Editor Copyright 2002 by The Aspen Institute The Aspen Institute Suite 700 One Dupont Circle, NW Washington, DC 20036 Published in the United States of America All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America ISBN 0-89843-342-8 THE LEGACY OF ABUSE Confronting the Past, Facing the Future Table of Contents Preface Alice H. Henkin and Norman Dorsen . 1 Conference Report Paul van Zyl and Mark Freeman . 3 Where We Are and How We Got Here: An Overview of Developments in the Search for Justice and Reconciliation Neil Kritz . 21 The Pinochet Case: International and Domestic Repercussions Jose Zalaquett . 47 Reflections on Intergenerational Justice Jonathan Steinberg . 71 Justice and Reconciliation: Responsibilities and Dilemmas of Peace-makers and Peace-builders Ian Martin . 81 Contributors . 91 Acronyms . 93 Participant List . 95 iii Preface The origin of this volume dates back to late 1988, when several rights-abusing regimes in Latin America were moving toward becoming rights-respecting democracies. At that time, the Justice and Society Program of the Aspen Institute, with the support of the Ford Foundation, brought together a group of human rights scholars and advocates for a conference on State Crimes: Punishment or Pardon. Three background papers and the conference report were published and widely distributed the following year. At that time there appeared to be only two ways in which successor regimes might deal with human rights violators who had remained members of the community…arrest, prosecute, and punish, or amnesty and amnesia. -
La Historia Que No Se Cuenta De Arancibia Clavel Mónica González
Ex agente de la DINA asesinado en Buenos Aires La historia que no se cuenta de Arancibia Clavel Mónica González. Publicado por CIPER - 1 mayo del 2011 Treinta y cuatro puñaladas recibió Enrique Arancibia Clavel el 29 de abril pasado. La noticia impactó en Argentina, donde pasó 11 años en prisión por el crimen del general Prats y su esposa. En Chile, su huella en las operaciones represivas más brutales de la dictadura marcó a miles de sobrevivientes y familiares de desaparecidos. Una historia oculta por el mismo manto de impunidad que cubrió al crimen de Prats por más de 30 años y que quedó plasmada en el increíble archivo que guardó el jefe de la red DINA en Buenos Aires, descubierto en 1986. Esta es su historia. El peluquero y bailarín argentino Humberto Zambelli subió al auto Renault 12 y enfiló raudo hacia el aeropuerto de Ezeiza. Ese 4 de noviembre de 1978 iba al encuentro de su pareja, Enrique Arancibia Clavel, cuya tarjeta de visita indicaba que era agente del Banco del Estado en Buenos Aires. Una pantalla muy bien pagada para el jefe de la red clandestina de la Dirección Nacional de Inteligencia (DINA) en Argentina, quien regresaba conmocionado desde Santiago. El bailarín del ballet de Susana Jiménez no sospechaba que todos sus pasos eran observados y fotografiados. Zambelli estaba nervioso. La despedida había estado marcada por la tensión. Más tarde diría que “un complicado estado emocional” afectaba a su amigo íntimo. Razones tenía, Arancibia. Un terremoto se vivía en ese momento en los servicios secretos del régimen luego que el general Manuel Contreras fuera enviado a retiro y después detenido en el Hospital Militar al abrirse un proceso presionado por Estados Unidos por su responsabilidad en el asesinato del ex canciller Orlando Letelier, en Washington (1976). -
Different Shades of Black. the Anatomy of the Far Right in the European Parliament
Different Shades of Black. The Anatomy of the Far Right in the European Parliament Ellen Rivera and Masha P. Davis IERES Occasional Papers, May 2019 Transnational History of the Far Right Series Cover Photo: Protesters of right-wing and far-right Flemish associations take part in a protest against Marra-kesh Migration Pact in Brussels, Belgium on Dec. 16, 2018. Editorial credit: Alexandros Michailidis / Shutter-stock.com @IERES2019 Different Shades of Black. The Anatomy of the Far Right in the European Parliament Ellen Rivera and Masha P. Davis IERES Occasional Papers, no. 2, May 15, 2019 Transnational History of the Far Right Series Transnational History of the Far Right Series A Collective Research Project led by Marlene Laruelle At a time when global political dynamics seem to be moving in favor of illiberal regimes around the world, this re- search project seeks to fill in some of the blank pages in the contemporary history of the far right, with a particular focus on the transnational dimensions of far-right movements in the broader Europe/Eurasia region. Of all European elections, the one scheduled for May 23-26, 2019, which will decide the composition of the 9th European Parliament, may be the most unpredictable, as well as the most important, in the history of the European Union. Far-right forces may gain unprecedented ground, with polls suggesting that they will win up to one-fifth of the 705 seats that will make up the European parliament after Brexit.1 The outcome of the election will have a profound impact not only on the political environment in Europe, but also on the trans- atlantic and Euro-Russian relationships. -
Linkiesta.It - Delle Chiaie, L’Uomo Dei Misteri: “Un Sovversivo Megalomane E Teatrale”
Linkiesta.it - Delle Chiaie, l’uomo dei misteri: “Un sovversivo megalomane e teatrale” Il docente Elia Rosati ricorda i tanti segreti che Stefano Delle Chiaie, esponente della destra radicale italiana, si è portato con sé nella tomba. Misteri legati alle stragi nere di Piazza Fontana e Bologna. Latitante fino al 1987, è morto a 83 anni «Qual è la sua professione?». Risposta: «Sono un rivoluzionario al servizio dell’idea». Quella fascista, naturalmente. Con la morte di Stefano Delle Chiaie, scompare l’ultimo “grande vecchio” del neofascismo italiano, accusato di concorso in strage nell’attentato di Bologna del 1980, ma assolto poi per insufficienza di prove. «La teatralità e l’autocompiacenza erano il suo tratto distintivo», dice Elia Rosati, docente a contratto dell’Università degli Studi di Milano, esperto di destre e fascismo. Due tratti che emergono nell’intervista concessa a Enzo Biagi in una foresta colombiana durante la latitanza, nel 1983, prima di essere catturato nel 1987 a Caracas. Il periodo all’estero fu una delle tante fasi nella vita della primula nera del terrorismo, vero e proprio spauracchio evocato in tutte le stragi e i disordini di matrice fascista che insanguinarono l’Italia tra gli anni Sessanta e Settanta. «Delle Chiaie fu il simbolo di Avanguardia Nazionale e, insieme a Rauti, Graziani e Freda, uno dei dirigenti più importanti del mondo della destra extraparlamentare», spiega Rosati. Il golpe Borghese? Un colpo di Stato ipotetico, ma se ci fosse stato realmente io ne avrei fatto parte Noto sin dalla metà degli anni Sessanta nel mondo della destra eversiva romana, fu uno dei leader delle bande di picchiatori fascisti responsabili della morte dello studente socialista Paolo Rossi nel 1966, precipitato da una scalinata a seguito dei durissimi scontri davanti alla facoltà di Lettere, e nel 1968 tentò di inflitrarsi con le sue bande durante gli scontri di Valle Giulia. -
Nazis, Operation Condor, and Bush's Privatization Plan
Click here for Full Issue of EIR Volume 32, Number 12, March 25, 2005 EIRInvestigation Nazis, Operation Condor, and Bush’s Privatization Plan by William F. Wertz, Jr. President George W. Bush has made it clear that the model members of Congress could take some lessons from Chile, for his current drive to privatize social security in the U.S. is particularly when it comes to how to run our pension plans. the privatization of social security which was implemented Our Social Security system needs to be modernized.” More in Chile under the fascist dictatorship of Gen. Augusto Pino- recently, when in Santiago, Chile for the APEC summit from chet in 1981 by his Labor Minister Jose´ Pin˜era.1 As Lyndon Nov. 19-21, 2004, Bush reiterated: “Chile provides a great LaRouche has warned, if Bush succeeds, it will be a foot in the example for Social Security reform.” door for fascism. This is no exaggeration, as we shall prove. Bush’s timing was very poor. On Dec. 13, 2004, the Su- The murderous policies which the George Shultz-Henry preme Court of Chile ruled that Pinochet is mentally compe- Kissinger faction in the United States supported in Chile un- tent to stand trial on charges of kidnapping and murder (some- der Pinochet, including torture, assassination, and mass mur- thing which could not be said of George W. Bush). In January der, directly involved the first-generation Nazi war criminals 2005, Juan Manuel Contreras Sepulveda, who headed up Pi- who were smuggled out of Europe after World War II, via the nochet’s Directorate of National Intelligence (DINA) and the so-called “rat-lines” to SouthAmerica, organized by the Allen Operation Condor death squad campaign, was arrested to be- Dulles-James Jesus Angleton Anglophile faction of the U.S. -
Torture Or Genocide: Claiming the Truth on the Desaparecidos in Chile and Argentina
Master’s Degree Programme – Second Cycle (D.M. 270/2004 ) in Comparative International Relations Final Thesis Torture or Genocide: claiming the truth on the desaparecidos in Chile and Argentina Supervisor Ch. Prof. Sara De Vido Co- Supervisor Ch. Prof. Francesca Coin Graduand Teresa Tommasino Matriculation Number 833655 Academic Year 2014 / 2015 INDEX ABSTRACT 4 INTRODUCTION 6 CHAPTER 1: Historical Background 11 1.1 The origins of Operation Condor 11 1.2 Operation Condor 17 1.3 Operation Condor and the military coup in Chile 20 1.4 The Chilean economic “miracle” 27 1.5 Military coup in Argentina 31 1.6 International Documents on the problem of enforced disappearances 36 CHAPTER 2: Torture as a strategy of political terror 44 2.1 The definition and prohibition of torture in International Law 44 a) International instruments 44 b) Regional instruments 56 2.2 The Shock Doctrine as a metaphor for torture 61 2.3 Torture in the detention centers 66 a) Kidnapping the enemy 66 b) The horror and torture wells 72 2.4 Prosecuting the torturers: Chile and Argentina after the coups 85 a) Prosecuting Pinochet 85 b) Fighting for the truth: Argentina cries out for “Nunca Más” 98 CHAPTER 3: The Genocidal characteristic of Chilean and Argentinian disappearances 108 3.1 Definition of Genocide and its constitutive elements 108 2 3.2 Analysis of the constitutive and omitted groups in the Convention 122 3.3 The Genocidal characteristic of political terror in Chile and Argentina 132 3.4 Claiming justice 142 3.5 Mothers of Plaza de Mayo: claiming the identity -
Kämpfe Um Wahrheit Und Recht in Der Aufarbeitung Der Argentinischen Militärdiktatur
Alexander Hasgall Regime der Anerkennung Histoire | Band 95 2016-07-28 13-32-11 --- Projekt: transcript.titeleien / Dokument: FAX ID 0296436097015570|(S. 1- 4) TIT3552_ebook.p 436097015578 Alexander Hasgall (Dr. phil.), geb. 1974, arbeitet als wissenschaftlicher Koordina- tor an der Universität Genf. Sein Forschungsinteresse gilt insbesondere dem Grenzbereich von Politik, Wissenschaft und Recht. Neben seiner wissenschaftli- chen Tätigkeit arbeitete er mehrere Jahre als freier Journalist und in NGOs, wo er sich unter anderem mit Fragen der Vergangenheitspolitik und der Entwick- lung des jüdischen Lebens in Europa nach 1945 beschäftigte. 2016-07-28 13-32-11 --- Projekt: transcript.titeleien / Dokument: FAX ID 0296436097015570|(S. 1- 4) TIT3552_ebook.p 436097015578 Alexander Hasgall Regime der Anerkennung Kämpfe um Wahrheit und Recht in der Aufarbeitung der argentinischen Militärdiktatur 2016-07-28 13-32-11 --- Projekt: transcript.titeleien / Dokument: FAX ID 0296436097015570|(S. 1- 4) TIT3552_ebook.p 436097015578 Publiziert mit Unterstützung des Schweizerischen Nationalfonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung. Dieses Werk ist lizenziert unter der Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 (BY-NC-ND). Dieses Werk ist lizenziert unter der Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 DE Lizenz (BY-NC-ND). Diese Lizenz erlaubt die private Nutzung, gestattet aber keine Bearbeitung und keine kommerzielle Nutzung. Weitere Informationen finden Sie unter https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/de/. Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deut- schen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. © 2016 transcript Verlag, Bielefeld Die Verwertung der Texte und Bilder ist ohne Zustimmung des Verlages ur- heberrechtswidrig und strafbar. -
The {EIR} Record on the Nazi International
Click here for Full Issue of EIR Volume 31, Number 12, March 26, 2004 Chief and later CIA Director Allen Dulles; U.S. High Com- missioner for Germany John J. McCloy; Kissinger mentor Fritz Kraemer; and the late Frank Wisner, former head of the The EIR Record on State Department’s Office of Policy Coordination. The investigator must not stop with Barbie’s alleged re- The Nazi International cruitment to U.S. intelligence agencies and escape from Eu- rope in 1948. According to documented information, Klaus The following excerpts were compiled by Counterintelligence Barbie has been at the center of the neo-Nazi International Editor Michele Steinberg, from both EIR and its monthly since the end of the war: the neo-Nazi International that is run bulletin Investigative Leads, directed to intelligence and law- out of Lausanne, Switzerland by banker and former SS officer, enforcement experts, which was published from 1979-95. Franc¸ois Genoud, a funder of left- and right-wing terrorists in Europe today. “The Nazi-Soviet Alliance Behind International Ter- rorism,” by Lyndon H. LaRouche, Investigative Leads, “Secret Report Shows Former Bolivian Government Feb. 25, 1984. Ran Narcotics Traffic,” Investigative Leads, June 5, 1983. The editors’ tracking of international terrrorism began On April 26 [1983] the U.S. Attorney’s office in Miami, modestly during the Summer of 1968, in a study of the social- Florida, indicted Luis Arce Go´mez, the former Interior Minis- political profile and financial backing of the faction of SDS ter of Bolivia, on charges of conspiracy to export and distrib- which soon afterward become the Weatherman terrorists. -
The Pope of Latin America - the New Yorker
9/17/2016 The Pope of Latin America - The New Yorker DAILY COMMENT THE POPE OF LATIN AMERICA By Jon Lee Anderson, JULY 17, 2015 When Pope Francis visited Bolivia, President Evo Morales presented him with a crucix made in the shape of a hammer and sickle. PHOTOGRAPH BY L’OSSERVATORE ROMANO / POOL / AP here are countries in the world where the history has been so brutal, so T humiliating, and so unreconciled, that it has become part of the national http://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/the-pope-of-latin-america 1/8 9/17/2T016 The Pope of Latin America - The New Yorker iconography—sometimes to a degree that can startle foreign visitors. Bolivia’s President, Evo Morales, luridly underscored this point during Pope Francis’s recent visit there. In a ceremony that was held in front of television cameras, Morales handed the Pope the gift of a wooden crucifix made in the shape of a hammer and sickle. The Pope received the object politely, but he appeared wary. (In remarks he made later, the Pope Search The New Yorker GO claimed he had not been “offended” by the crucifix, while Morales explained that his gift had been offered “out of love” for the man he called “the Pope of the poor.”) The crucifix turned out to have been a specially commissioned replica of one made by the late Luís Espinal Camps, a left-wing Spanish priest and filmmaker who was murdered in La Paz, in 1980, by a Bolivian-government death squad. The killers gruesomely tortured Espinal before shooting him to death in a slaughterhouse. -
DINA Officers Charged with Assassination of Gen Prats LADB Staff
University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository NotiSur Latin America Digital Beat (LADB) 3-7-2003 DINA Officers Charged With Assassination Of Gen Prats LADB Staff Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/notisur Recommended Citation LADB Staff. "DINA Officers Charged With Assassination Of Gen Prats." (2003). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/notisur/13125 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Latin America Digital Beat (LADB) at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in NotiSur by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LADB Article Id: 52804 ISSN: 1089-1560 DINA Officers Charged With Assassination Of Gen Prats by LADB Staff Category/Department: Chile Published: 2003-03-07 Twenty-eight years after exiled Chilean Gen. Carlos Prats and his wife Sofia Cuthbert were assassinated in Argentina, a Chilean judge has indicted five former members of the Direccion de Inteligencia Nacional (DINA), the Chilean secret police that operated during the dictatorship of Gen. Augusto Pinochet (1973-1990). Gen. Prats was Army commander in chief under President Salvador Allende (1970-1973) but was replaced by Pinochet in August 1973. Less than a month later, Pinochet led the coup against Allende. Prats and his wife then went into exile in Argentina; they were killed when a bomb planted in their car exploded in a Buenos Aires suburb on Sept. 30, 1974. The Chilean courts opened the investigation in December 2002, and the Santiago Appeals Court assigned the case to Special Investigating Judge Alejandro Solis in January. -
Universidade Federal Fluminense Instituto De História Programa De Pós-Graduação Em História – Ppgh-Uff Marco Antonio Sera
UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL FLUMINENSE INSTITUTO DE HISTÓRIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM HISTÓRIA – PPGH-UFF MARCO ANTONIO SERAFIM DE CARVALHO JULIO CORTÁZAR PELA AMÉRICA LATINA: O Tribunal Russell, literatura e engajamento no período 1963-1983. NITERÓI Abril de 2018 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL FLUMINENSE INSTITUTO DE HISTÓRIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM HISTÓRIA – PPGH-UFF MARCO ANTONIO SERAFIM DE CARVALHO JULIO CORTÁZAR PELA AMÉRICA LATINA: O Tribunal Russell, literatura e engajamento no período 1963-1983. Orientador: Prof. Dr. NORBERTO OSVALDO FERRERAS Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em História da Universidade Federal Fluminense, como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Doutor. Área de concentração: História Social. NITERÓI Abril de 2018 À Iza e Marcela; às minhas irmãs, Rose e Silvia; elas são parte de mim tanto quanto eu da América e vice-versa. A Antonio José, nascido num 25 de maio, in memoriam. Agradecimentos Agradeço à minha mãe, guerreira que criou os filhos sozinha, sem pensão, ajuda, telefonema, ou qualquer coisa do tipo. Cada passo meu na Universidade tem a força dela. À Marcela Skaba, companheira de vida, nunca convencional: acreditou quando ninguém acreditava e esteve ao meu lado apesar de, no momento em que, quando, como, onde: nunca faltou amor. Menciono também minhas irmãs, Rose e Silvia, pela presença, cuidado e invariavelmente, falta de silêncio. Menciono os Donda que vieram do Friuli no início do séc. XX para trabalhar no café: sem vocês não haveria alguém aqui escrevendo estas linhas. Agradeço aos mestres que tive, com os quais aprendi sobre o ofício de historiador tanto quanto sobre a vida, pessoas com as quais experimentei aprendizado e crescimento.