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ptg Praise for The Official Ubuntu Book, Fifth Edition This book is the perfect companion for users new to Linux and Ubuntu. It covers the basics in a concise and well-organized manner. General use is cov- ered separately from troubleshooting and error-handling, making the book well suited both for the beginner as well as the user that needs extended help. —Thomas Petrucha, Austria Ubuntu User Group I have recommended this book to several users who I instruct regularly on the use of Ubuntu. All of them have been satisfied with their purchase and have even been able to use it to help them in their journey along the way. —Chris Crisafulli, Ubuntu LoCo Council, Florida Local Community Team This text demystifies a very powerful Linux operating system . in just a few weeks of having it, I’ve used it as a quick reference a half dozen times, which saved me the time I would have spent scouring the Ubuntu forums online. ptg —Darren Frey, Member, Houston Local User Group From the Library of Wow! eBook This page intentionally left blank ptg From the Library of Wow! eBook The Official Ubuntu Book Fifth Edition ptg From the Library of Wow! eBook This page intentionally left blank ptg From the Library of Wow! eBook The Official Ubuntu Book Fifth Edition Benjamin Mako Hill Matthew Helmke Corey Burger ptg With Jonathan Jesse, Kyle Rankin, and Jono Bacon Upper Saddle River, NJ • Boston • Indianapolis • San Francisco New York • Toronto • Montreal • London • Munich • Paris • Madrid Capetown • Sydney • Tokyo • Singapore • Mexico City From the Library of Wow! eBook Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed with initial capital letters or in all capitals. The authors and publisher have taken care in the preparation of this book, but make no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the use of the information or programs contained herein. The publisher offers excellent discounts on this book when ordered in quantity for bulk purchases or special sales, which may include electronic versions and/or custom covers and content particular to your business, training goals, marketing focus, and branding interests. For more information, please contact: U.S. Corporate and Government Sales (800) 382-3419 [email protected] For sales outside the United States please contact: International Sales [email protected] Visit us on the Web: informit.com/ph Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hill, Benjamin Mako, 1980– The official Ubuntu book / Benjamin Mako Hill, Matthew Helmke, ptg Corey Burger ; with Jonathan Jesse [et al.]. — 5th ed. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 0-13-708130-8 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Ubuntu (Electronic resource) 2. Operating systems (Computers) 3. Linux. I. Helmke, Matthew. II. Burger, Corey. III. Title. QA76.76.O63H55 2010 005.4'32—dc22 2010019797 Copyright © 2010 Canonical, Ltd. This book is published under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 license, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-sa/3.0/. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by copyright, and permission must be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise unless permitted under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license 3.0. For information regarding permissions, write to: Pearson Education, Inc. Rights and Contracts Department 501 Boylston Street, Suite 900 Boston, MA 02116 Fax: (617) 671-3447 ISBN-13: 978-0-13-708130-1 ISBN-10: 0-13-708130-8 Text printed in the United States on recycled paper at RR Donnelley in Crawfordsville, Indiana. First printing, June 2010 From the Library of Wow! eBook This book is dedicated to the Ubuntu community. Without your tireless hard work and commitment, none of this would be possible. ptg From the Library of Wow! eBook This page intentionally left blank ptg From the Library of Wow! eBook Contents at a Glance Foreword to the First Edition xxi Preface xxvii Acknowledgments xxix About the Authors xxxi Introduction xxxiii Chapter 1: Introducing Ubuntu 1 Chapter 2: Installing Ubuntu 35 ptg Chapter 3: Using Ubuntu on the Desktop 59 Chapter 4: Gaining Greater Proficiency 113 Chapter 5: The Ubuntu Server 141 Chapter 6: More Applications for Ubuntu 181 Chapter 7: The Ubuntu Community 215 Chapter 8: Using Kubuntu 245 Chapter 9: Mobile and Netbook Editions 293 Chapter 10: Ubuntu-Related Projects 309 Chapter 11: Introducing the Ubuntu Forums 327 Appendix: Welcome to the Command Line 339 Index 355 ix From the Library of Wow! eBook This page intentionally left blank ptg From the Library of Wow! eBook Contents Foreword to the First Edition xxi Preface xxvii Acknowledgments xxix About the Authors xxxi Introduction xxxiii About This Book xxxiii The Scope of the Book xxxiv The Menu xxxiv ptg CHAPTER 1 Introducing Ubuntu 1 A Wild Ride 2 Free Software, Open Source, and GNU/Linux 3 Free Software and GNU 4 Linux 5 Open Source 5 A Brief History of Ubuntu 7 Mark Shuttleworth 7 The Warthogs 9 What Does Ubuntu Mean? 10 Creating Canonical 11 What Is Ubuntu? 12 What Is a Distribution? 12 An Ecosystem of Distributions 14 The Debian Project and the Free Software Universe 16 The Ubuntu Community 17 Ubuntu Promises and Goals 18 Philosophical Goals 19 Conduct Goals and Code of Conduct 21 Technical Goals 23 Bug #1 25 xi From the Library of Wow! eBook xii Contents Canonical and the Ubuntu Foundation 26 Canonical, Ltd. 27 Canonical’s Service and Support 28 Bazaar and Launchpad 29 The Ubuntu Foundation 30 Ubuntu Subprojects, Derivatives, and Spin-offs 31 Summary 33 CHAPTER 2 Installing Ubuntu 35 Choosing Your Ubuntu Version 36 Other Ubuntu Distributions 37 Is It Still Ubuntu? 38 Getting Ubuntu 38 Burning a CD 39 Installing from the Desktop CD 41 Language 42 Location 42 Configuring Your Keyboard 43 Disk Space 44 ptg Identification 48 Migration 50 Finishing Up 50 Installing from the Alternate Install CD 50 Choosing Your Spot in the World 51 Hardware 51 Setting the Hostname and Time Zone 52 Creating Partitions 52 Configuring a User 55 Finishing Up 56 Installing from a USB Key 56 Installing from within Windows 57 Summary 57 CHAPTER 3 Using Ubuntu on the Desktop 59 Taking Your Desktop for a Ride 61 Starting Applications and Finding Things 62 Finding Your Files and Folders 63 Configuring Your System 64 Adding Additional Users 65 Shortcut Icons 66 From the Library of Wow! eBook Contents xiii Applets 66 The Notification Area 67 Network Manager 68 The Clock 69 The Taskbar 69 Shutting Down Your Computer and Logging Out 70 Using Your Applications 72 Browsing the Web with Firefox 72 Creating Documents with OpenOffice.org 75 Connecting with Empathy and Gwibber and the Indicator Applet 78 Ubuntu One 78 Managing Your E-mail and Calendars with Evolution 79 The Ubuntu File Chooser and Bookmarks 84 Ubuntu in Your Language 86 Customizing Ubuntu’s Look and Feel 87 Changing the Background 87 Changing the Theme 87 Configuring a Screensaver 88 Managing Your Files 89 ptg Selecting, Copying, and Moving Files and Folders 91 Using the Sidebar 92 Graphically Accessing Remote Files 93 Ubuntu and Multimedia 94 Installing Codecs 94 Listening to Audio Files 96 Playing and Ripping CDs 97 Buying Music 98 Interacting with Photos 99 Watching Videos 99 Creating Videos 102 Exploring the Ubuntu Landscape 102 Moving to the Next Ubuntu Release 109 Doing the Actual Upgrade 110 Summary 111 CHAPTER 4 Gaining Greater Proficiency 113 Adding and Removing Programs and Packages 114 Using Ubuntu Software Center 114 Terminolog y 116 Managing Software with Synaptic 117 From the Library of Wow! eBook xiv Contents Keeping Your Computer Updated 120 Installing Updates 120 Learning about What Was Updated 121 I Want to Install an Application That Is Not in the Repositories 121 Changing Your Menu Layout 122 Adding Additional Users 124 Using and Abusing Devices and Media 125 Using USB Keyring Drives 126 Burning CDs 126 Using Floppy Disks 127 Using Digital Cameras 127 Configuring a Printer in Ubuntu 128 Gathering Information 130 Launching the Wizard 130 Mission Accomplished! 132 Remote Printing 133 How Linux Stores and Organizes Files 133 Using Windows Files on Another Partition 135 The Terminal 137 ptg Backup Strategies 137 Working with Windows Programs 139 Running Applications 140 Summary 140 CHAPTER 5 The Ubuntu Server 141 What Is Ubuntu Server? 142 Installing Ubuntu Server 144 A Couple of Installer Tricks 145 Partitioning Your Ubuntu Server 145 The Story of RAID 146 Setting Up RAID 148 The Story of the Logical Volume Manager 150 Setting Up LVM 152 Encrypted Home and Software Selection 154 You’re Done—Now Watch Out for Root! 155 Ubuntu Package Management 156 The Ubuntu Archive 156 APT Sources and Repositories 157 dpkg 158 Installing a Package Manually 159 From the Library of Wow! eBook Contents xv apt-get and apt-cache 160 Running a Distribution Upgrade 163 aptitude 165 Tips and Tricks 166 Ubuntu Server Security 167 User Account Administration 167 Filesystem Security 169 System Resource Limits 170 System Log Files 171 A Sprinkling of Network Security 172 Final Words on Security 173 Advanced Topics 174 Virtualization 174 Disk Replication 177 Cloud Computing
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