La Sardegna cresce con l’Europa Gallura Territory

Megalithic Circles Baldu’s Project jointly funded by the European Union of Li Muri Palace Operational programme ERDF 2007 – 2013 EUROPEAN UNION ERDF - European Regional Development Fund - Axis I, Activity line 1.2.3.a.

REPUBBLICA ITALIANA

P.O.R. ERDF 2007-2013, Line 1 “Information Society”, Specific Goal 1.2. “Promoting and developing the information society with a particular attention to those key aspects that will sustain the development of the territory and the quality of life, as health, education and the promotion of culture”, Operational Goal 1.2.3. “Increasing the production of the digital contents”, Action Line of 1.2.3.a. “Actions for the production, publication and sharing on the web and on new media (DTV, mobile T, etc.) of digital contents concerning Sardinia’s culture, literature, music, territory and images for a social fruition”.

Cultural heritage

We thank the Superintendence for the Architectural, Landscape, Historical, Artistic and Ethno- Gallura Anthropological Heritage for the provinces of , , Tempio and , for the kind cooperation. Territory

Megalithic Circles of Li Muri | Arzachena

Baldu’s Palace | Luogosanto

Cultural heritage Unicity Srl: Sardinia Virtual Archaeology Coordination and Production 3D and 3D Render Reconstruction Gallura and Production Virtual Guided Territory Visits and Virtual Views Production Communication and Multimedia

Megalithic Circles Testaluna Srl: of Li Muri 3D Planning and Interactivity Text: Mrs. Emanuela Atzeni Polonord Adeste Srl: Baldu’s Palace USB Pendrive Production Text: Mrs. Claudia Cocco Mrs. Francesca Collu Imago Multimedia Snc: Texts, Graphics and Photographs of the sites Cultural heritage sites inside the Digital and Paper Guide Text: Mrs. Emanuela Atzeni FSG Sas - Unicity Srl: Cultural heritage Mr. Giulio Concu Interactive multimedial stations and technical support The project “Cultural heritage Sardegna Virtual Archaeology”

he archaeological and architectonic aspects can be easily found and they are heritage of Sardinia offers a lot of fundamental elements of the nowadays Tunusual traits compared to the other Sardinian identity heritage. The essential Mediterranean territories. Its peculiarities are aspects of the Sardinian archaeology and concentrated in particular between the late architecture are well known, even if in a pre-history and the proto-history and have partial way, thanks to those excellent their apex in the . examples of the Nuragic complex of Barumini However, some other distinctive historical- or the Romanesque church of Saccargia, time features of Sardinia come from the which are already part of a common heritage ; significant presence of the Phoenician, Punic, but in a world where gathering information is Roman and Byzantine civilizations. A new relatively simple, the public administration and specific culture arose from the has the duty of presenting the culture of interaction of the local culture with those Sardinia in an objective and complete way, so outer civilizations: its material and immaterial that it could be available for any kind of experts and or any people without innovative educational products connected experience. That is why the R.A.S. ( Regional to the Sardinian places of culture, creating an Gallura Administration of Sardinia) has chosen to integrated system of sites and monuments stimulate the spectacular aspects of some of that will be rebuilt with the use of the most the main archaeological and architectonic recent 3D technologies. So, the Sardinian remains, which were already built in dramatic heritage will be available for any kind of user landscapes that could fascinate even the through high quality products characterized least interested visitor. But the real challenge by fascinating graphics and rich interactive lies in contextualizing the archaeological sites information. With these purposes, seventeen in their cultural environment. The idea comes sites among the most significant of the from the concept that the remains of ancient Sardinian history and culture, deployed in cultures can “tell a story” when they are eight areas of interests , have been virtually “examined” all together, as if they were the reconstructed with three-dimensional and pages of a book that otherwise would be realistic features , as a result of an accurate incomprehensible at the end. Basically, the research on the bibliographic and project aims to illustrate a monument or a cartographic material. The digital site showing the reasons why it is interesting reconstructions meet those reconstructive not just for itself but also and above all for its hypotheses that have been validated by the importance in the surrounding cultural and scientific and academic community and that natural environment. This aspect is essential originate from the excavations, the field and useful for the interpretation of the today researches, the historical-archaeological and world: it helps us to understand why we artistic studies. Therefore, the 3D should preserve our archaeological and reconstructions offer the highest degree of architectonical heritage , beyond its fidelity to the original building or site, monumentality and although pertinent to reproducing the surrounding natural cultures, as for instance the Roman one, that landscape and the archaeological are usually considered extraneous to the environment with the external structures, the identitarian inheritance. The ways through inner spaces and real-life settings. The which this kind of knowledge should be ultimate digital product will be available at spread, are set depending on the media to some of the most important cultural places of which they are addressed for its fruition. Still, Sardinia, as for instance museums and the available products will go beyond the universities, and at the so-called “access mere didactic presentation of the site to points”, that are specific public spaces where come to a wider and complete description the interactive multimedia posts will be from all cultural points of view. installed and accessible to all visitors. Moreover, the product will be available on Content and purpose of the project digital support to be distributed during conventions, fairs, forum and tourism The project “Sardinian Virtual Archaeology exhibitions. In fact, the specific purpose of Cultural Heritage” was set up with the aim to the RAS’ “Linea di Attività 1.2.3.a” aims to enhance the so-called “Homogeneous increase the production, divulgation and System of Visual Identity” that the R.A.S. has sharing of digital contents referring to already started with the main purpose to Sardinian cultural assets, so to improve the create an instrument of safeguard and knowledge of the diverse users and to promotion of the Sardinian cultural heritage. enhance the education of the different Besides, the project contributes to the segments of students, in view of a useful improvement of the scientific, didactic and socio-cultural repercussion on the territory. Giant’s tomb of Lu Coddu Vecchiu, Arzachena

6 Sardegna Virtual Archaeology General map of Sardinia Gallura territory

Li Muri Luogosanto Arzachena Palazzo di Baldu Olbia

Tempio Pausania Li Muri Sassari Gallura

Luogosanto Arzachena Sassarese

Nuoro Palazzo di Baldu Olbia Nuorese Tempio Oristanese Pausania Oristano Ogliastra

Medio Campidano Cagliaritano

Cagliari Iglesiente

Sulcis

Megalithic circles Baldu’s of Li Muri Palace (Arzachena) (Luogosanto) Arzachena • Megalithic the typical Sardinian hypogeic burial of the circles of Li Muri Late Neolithic (3500-2800 B.C.) and the Early Eneolithic (2800-2500 B.C.): probably the burial purpose was fulfilled by small n the territory of Gallura (except from dolmens or some other megalithic tombs, like some marginal cases) there is not any the so-called “circles”, often gathered INeolithic necropolis or domus de janas , together to form a necropolis.

↑ Reconstruction of the burial circles of Li Muri ↓ Tomb 4

The necropolis of Li Muri

10 Sardegna Virtual Archaeology Sardegna Virtual Archaeology 11 Among the archaeological monuments of the the Culture of San Ciriaco, during which a small gallery grave named allée couverte , was found a small quadrangular burial box eastern Gallura, the site of Li Muri, situated in change in the Neolithic culture took place discovered in 1939 by the primary school named “cist”, whose side walls were made the territory of Arzachena, is one of the most with the increasing of trading and, together teacher Michele Ruzzittu. The circle tombs with the use of four big slabs vertically dug interesting examples of the Sardinian with it, of social relations. The necropolis, are composed of a series of masonry circles into the ground. Each cist was covered by a megalithic civilization that appeared through composed of four circle tombs and of one at the centre of which the archaeologists single slab, now disappeared. The cists were

↑ Reconstruction of the burial circles of Li Muri ↓ Stone cist inside the circle 1 ↑ Stone cist inside the circle 4 ↓ Stone cist inside the circle 2

12 Sardegna Virtual Archaeology Sardegna Virtual Archaeology 13 then covered to form an artificial earth of a previous Neolithic mound grave. It is were set at the tangency points between the circles, were probably destined to receive mound with a diameter that could vary from made of a rectangular corridor, at its turn circles to mark the tombs. One of these offerings for the cult of the dead. Probably 5 to 8 metres. The gallery grave, located in an made of vertical slabs and whose covering menhirs , an aniconic stele, isolated from the the dead were buried inside the cist in a area outside the circle-tomb sector, was built was made of big plat band slabs, now others, was found at the interior of one crate. crouched position. Because of the acidity of during the Middle Bronze age on the remains disappeared. Some sacred stones or menhirs Three other stone cists, found near the burial the granite soil, poor remains were left of the

↑ Reconstruction of the tumulus that covered the stone cists ↓ Tomb 5 ↑ Detail of the Tomb 5 ↓ Reconstruction of the Tomb 5

14 Sardegna Virtual Archaeology Sardegna Virtual Archaeology 15 skeletons. That is why it is difficult not only to belonged. Salvatore Puglisi, who excavated probably the sign that they were used to a wish of their rebirth in the afterlife. It is retrace the rites that were celebrated at the the necropolis, expressed the hypothesis that prepare a pigment with a deep symbolic probable that this kind of rite was practiced necropolis but also to estimate the precise each stone cist could contain the remains of function. The ochre was in fact associated at Li Muri too. Among the materials found at number of people that were buried here and a single dead person. The presence of with blood, being a symbol of regeneration the necropolis and kept at the National even the ethnic group to which they pebbles with some traces of red ochre is and it was spread on the body of the dead as Archaeological Museum of and

↑↓ A menhir at the necropolis of Li Muri ↑ Stone burial box ↓ A detail of the burial box found close to the burial circles

16 Sardegna Virtual Archaeology Sardegna Virtual Archaeology 17 at the Archaeological Museum G. A. Sanna of the small bowl, together with the shape of its researchers believe that these findings from beads from the necropolis of Li Muri reminds Sassari, there are a small steatite bowl, some handle, reminds some pottery from Sicily, Li Muri were imported, trough trading, from the shape of the gold granules of the polished axes, some spheroid knobs, from Southern and from Malta. The Crete, from which maybe they brought the Mochlos’ collars from Crete. All these not numerous beads from necklaces and small spheroid knobs reproduce Neolithic and steatite too. Moreover, the flattened olive fortuitous coincidences indicate that the flint knives. The simple and severe shape of Bronze-Age models from Knossos. The shape of the steatite or hard stone necklace culture of Arzachena took part in the

The necropolis of Li Muri

18 Sardegna Virtual Archaeology Sardegna Virtual Archaeology 19 commercial and cultural trading along the metres as the crow flies from Li Muri. In the millennium B.C.). From an architectonic Sardinian obsidian and some other stone east-westward Mediterranean route. history of the studies, the site of Li Muri has and material point of view the site can be objects that witness the strong link between The remains of a village of huts, probably given its name to a totally independent compared to the “ coffre tombs” found the area of Gallura and the southern pertaining to the necropolis, were found culture just called “of the megalithic circles” in the southern where they found Corsica, separated just by a eight-mile in the locality of “Pilastru”, at about 600 or “of Arzachena” (first half of the 4 th some rich burial objects made with sea strait. •

The necropolis of Li Muri

20 Sardegna Virtual Archaeology Sardegna Virtual Archaeology 21 Luogosanto • Baldu’s Palace and those adjacent of Montanna and Balayana that incorporated the territory of Luogosanto. The complex of Lu Palatzu di he Palatzu di Baldu lies in the territory Baldu includes a quadrangular tower and of Luogosanto, in the locality of Santu about twenty rooms arranged around a wide TStevanu , which during the Middle pentagonal courtyard, reachable through a Ages was part of the Giudicato of Gallura. north-eastern entrance. The fortified tower is The Sardinian “Giudicati” were independent at the south-eastern corner and stands out states with their own administration and were against the complex for about 10 metres; divided in smaller districts, the so-called probably it was even higher since it was set up “curatorie”. The districts of Gallura were in three floors and was provided with a Taras, Viniola, Unali, Monte Carello, Geminis, terrace that allowed to have a wide view on Canhaim, Fundi de Monte, Posada, Galtellì the surrounding area. The three floors were

Baldu’s palace Reconstruction of the complex

22 Sardegna Virtual Archaeology Sardegna Virtual Archaeology 23 characterised by a series of windows while an housing and representation function as beta and gamma rooms where the activities, together with the characteristics of external staircase led to the nobles’ sector. attested by the technical survey on the walls archaeologists found numerous metal the tower, have led to identify the settlement The lowest level of the tower, externally and by the presence of a series of big arched artefacts. Some other rooms were used as of Baldu as the administrative centre of the provided with a base, is filled by a big rock, windows in the upper sector. There are also storehouses, kitchens, stables and workshop. Giudicato of Gallura, or maybe as the whose purpose is not clear but that probably seventeen rectangular rooms of different size Inside the iota room they found a small well residence of one of the political and religious served as a support for some structures, while placed against the enclosure of the courtyard. containing some fragments of an Islamic jar – figures of the same state. The palace was the surrounding space was used as a storage These rooms had different functions, as maybe used as a water or food container – inside an area that was naturally protected room. The three floors had probably a housing or workshops, as it is the case of the and some traces of a fireplace. Those both by a depression in the land surrounding

↑Lu Palatzu : view from the tafoni ↓ Reconstruction of the interior of Baldu’s palace ↑ Reconstruction of the courtyard and of the rooms ↓ Room kappa and tower at the background

24 Sardegna Virtual Archaeology Sardegna Virtual Archaeology 25 the complex and by several rocky outcrops once was the parish of the homonym village ceramic artefacts, clay bricks and the clay Compartiment de Sardenya , a fiscal 1358- characterised by 10-metre-high cavities that (Sant Steve ): it was built between the 17 th and shingles that were used to roof the complex. census – is usually identified with those hid two floors of the tower on the eastern and the 18 th century and at that time its structure In the settlement there were also some other rooms that were arranged all around the south-eastern sides: probably these outcrops was really different from the present temple. workshops, as for instance those where they courtyard, so that the village could coincide were also used as a fortification system. On Not far from the church they discovered produced glass, as attested by the founding with the same complex. Following the the western sector and out of the housing some other still-unidentified walls and a of some scoria and working wastes. The partition walls that have been discovered area stands the church of Santo Stefano that circular furnace that was used to make village of Sent Steve – which appears in the west of Lu Palatzu , there are two possible

↑ Reconstruction of the courtyard and of the rooms ↓ Reconstruction of the rooms beta and gamma ↑Reconstruction of the complex and of the tafoni ↓ The tafoni

26 Sardegna Virtual Archaeology Sardegna Virtual Archaeology 27 hypotheses: the first says that the walls were service rooms. The history of Baldu’s Palace Giovanni to honour his father Ubaldo. Even if by weddings. The same close political the extension of the village, which was wider seems to be influenced by the popular the date of its construction is still uncertain, it connections of the kings of Gallura and than the known rooms; the second says that tradition, which identifies the owner with can be defined between the 12 th and the 13 th with the republics of Pisa and the village was separated from the complex, Ubaldo: the complex was maybe built during century. Indeed, the important Pisan family of Genoa facilitated the coming of goods from identifying the palace as an independent the first quarter of the 13 th century by Visconti ruled directly the Giudicato of the entire Mediterranean and from the East structure around which spread the village Lamberto Visconti to celebrate the birth of Gallura acquiring it through political and between the 13 th and the 15 th century. Inside characterised by houses, workshops and his eldest son Ubaldo or in 1238 by the giudice commercial connections that were reinforced the palace they found fragments of archaic

↑Reconstruction of the complex ↓ Reconstruction of the church of S. Stefano ↑ Church of Santo Stefano ↓ Reconstruction of the furnace ↑with the church of S. Stefano and the furnace ↑ and of the probable burial area

28 Sardegna Virtual Archaeology Sardegna Virtual Archaeology 29 Pisan majolica, of Iberian products and with local artefacts. The goods could then ceramic artefacts covered with a turquoise varnished or gilded. The founding of rare majolica from Savona. The glasses came be delivered through the coasts of glaze that were made in Egypt or in the and refined objects inside the Baldu’s Palace from Venice, among which those of the Morocco and through the Southern Greek-Turkish area, as a fragment of makes us to believe that the owners belonged “Aldrevandin” group. The routes of the Pisans Spain, from which come the jars with printed Zeuxippus Ware . From the East came also the to the upper class or that the political figures and Genoese merchants reached the Arabian strips decorations. The trades with the glass artefacts decorated with Arabian letters, that inhabited the place used to give each lands where they exchanged their products eastern Mediterranean are attested by the some with blue enamel, some other other expensive gifts. •

↑Reconstruction of Lu Palatzu ↓ Fragment of archaic majolica from Savona ↑Fragment of an Islamic enamelled jar ↓ Fragment of Zeuxippus Ware

30 Sardegna Virtual Archaeology Sardegna Virtual Archaeology 31 Gallura territory | Cultural Heritage sites coast from the Saracen Sos Nurattolos , situated on the beautiful 8-km-long beach incursions. You can also visit the mountains of Alà and of Mare , included in the church of Santu Silvaru , reachable by a cement road: it the wide dune ecosystem of dedicated to this saint by the includes some Nuragic-time northern Sardinia and crossed lobster fishers that came from buildings, like a small megaron by the mouth of the river Ponza. The territory of temple, a sacred source and Coghinas, the most important ends with the some huts. watercourse in northern 1. • Izzana best preserved nuraghe of the so that its first structure was settlement and the cliffs of The sacred source is inside a Sardinia. The hills surrounding Overlooked by the granite Gallura territory. Erected with completely changed. Portobello , in the proximity of circular courtyard provided the village are covered with needles of Monte La Croce the use of granite blocks at the which stands Nuraghe with a lateral entry and a small luxuriant vineyards from and Monte Sozza, called the end of the Late Bronze Age, it 2. Aglientu • Nuraghe Tuttusoni , a single-tower stairway, a vestibule with a which they make the famous “Sardinian Resegone” for its is a compound nuraghe with a Tuttusoni monument still in good rectangular ground plan and Vermentino wine. In the serrated outline, the village of central tower linked to two The village of Aglientu was conditions. some stone benches leaning territory of Badesi is included Aggius is rich in traditions and others by a bastion. It has founded in 1774, when the king against the walls, while the the SCI (Site of Community is well-known for the quality some architectonic Vittorio Amedeo III built the 3. Alà dei Sardi • chamber of the circular well Importance) called “ Mouth of of its water sources. The old peculiarities: it presents both church of San Francesco, Archaeological complex of keeps its original tholos vault. the Coghinas ”, an area that is town centre is really well the characteristics of the around which the shepherds’ Sos Nurattolos The megaron temple presents protected for the presence of preserved, with its alleys, corridor and of the ogive- families built their houses. The The territory of Alà dei Sardi is a rectangular plan with lateral flora and fauna of great granite houses and old vaulted nuraghe and an odd main interest of its granite characterized by lots of cork jutting walls both on the main importance. oblong plan with smooth façade and at the rear; it is down corners. The ogive- surrounded by an elliptic vaulted chamber is still in enclosure that includes two good conditions, while the circular structures. Between

Church of S. Vittoria Beach of Rena Majore Aragonese tower Mouth of the river Coghinas churches. Going through territory lies in its 22-km trees woods. The old town 5. • Castle pasture lands characterized by Nuraghe Izzana coastline, where the dunes centre keeps its old granite Church of S. Giovanni of Monte Acuto the presence of old folds alternate with rocky houses with wrought iron The important village of (stazzi , in the local gallurese lateral chambers are damaged; promontories: the beaches of balconies and wells, like those Alà and the village of Torpè Berchidda lies at the southern language), you can shortly they were attainable through a Rena Majore , of Cala of Mesu Idda and S’Oltu stretches the vast forests of foot of Monte Limbara, in an reach the “Piana dei Gran series of within-the-wall Pischina and the fascinating Mannu . The territory was Sos Littos-Sas Tumbas . area rich in woods and densely Sassi” or “ Valle della Luna ” passageways. Another promontory of Monti Russu inhabited since the pre- populated since the pre- (Moon Valley), characterized peculiarity is the presence of are among the naturalistic history, as attested by the 4. Badesi • Mouth historical age. The old town by huge granite spurs eroded several entrances. The jewels of Gallura. Southwards presence of the Nuragic of the river Coghinas centre keeps its steep alleys by the atmospheric agents. At different building techniques there is the seaside hamlet of village of Su Pedrighinosu The village of Badesi lies along enclosed between granite the entry of the valley, a lane and the singular plan suggest Vignola Mare , whose beach is and Nuraghe Ruju . The most the border between the houses and Neoclassical and leads to Nuraghe Izzana , that the monument was dominated by a Spanish interesting site is the Anglona and the Gallura Liberty buildings. The territory probably the biggest and the modified in the course of time tower , built to defend the archaeological complex of regions. Its main attraction is is particularly rich in vineyards

32 Sardegna Virtual Archaeology Sardegna Virtual Archaeology 33 where they produce the 6. • Necropolis was used between the end of 8. • Stazzu harbour from which the boats with the adjacent oratory of famous “Vermentino of of Tisiennari the 5 th and the 3 rd millennium of San Pietro to the Marine Park of Rosary that hosts the Gallura”. In the upper quarter Bortigiadas is characterised by B.C. Its funerary chambers are The village of Budoni lies at Tavolara leave. Diocesan Museum of Santa of the village there is the the picturesque granite alleys that decorated with engravings and the southern edge of the Giusta . You can also visit the Regional Wine Museum , lead to the church of San bas-reliefs, which are the Gallura region. During the 9. • Giants’ small church of Sant’Anna , with a multimedia exposition Nicola di Bari , the most material signs of a funerary Fifties of last century it was tomb of Pascaredda built in 1665, a jewel of the that offers a historical view of important monument of the ideology based on the life- founded by joining different The village of Calangianus, local architecture, and the the Monteacuto region and of village. You can visit the death-rebirth rites, practised scattered settlements. It well-known for the important oratory of S.M. degli Angeli , the Sardinia’s viticulture. Mineralogical Museum , with by the prehistoric agricultural developed thanks to the cork industry, lies at the north- next to the 17 th -century At the exit of the village a more than 260 species of populations. seaside tourism and today is east foot of Monte Limbara, Monastery of Cappuccini . At dirty road leads to Monte minerals on show. Towards the one of the most well-known protected by the granite the foot of Monte di Deu Acuto , a hill where there are village of and along 7. Buddusò • Nuraghe seaside resorts of the East mountains of Lu Casteddu, there are some important the ruins of several Nuragic Loelle coast. The shore is archaeological sites, among sites and the remains of a At centre of the village of characterised by long beaches which Nuraghe Agnu , the Medieval castle : this last was Buddusò stands the church of that alternate with bays and sacred source of Li Paladini erected in the valley of the Santa Anastasia , built in rocky inlets; there are also five and the giants’ tomb of Rio Mannu probably around ancient times, and some 19 th - ponds where an abundant Pascaredda . The monument the 13 th century; it belonged to century granite buildings. The marsh fauna lives. The main of Li Paladini is a dolmen-type tomb and was made during the Middle Bronze age with

Wine Museum

Cork workers

Monte Acuto Nuraghe Loelle Pond of Budoni Giants’ tomb of Pascaredda the Doria, to the kings of most important nuraghe in the beach is the long Cala Budoni . big granite rocks. It presented Arborea and to the kings of territory is Nuraghe Loelle , an The territory includes also an exedra made of some slabs Gallura. After 1421 the castle archaic monument that some hamlets that have vertically dug into the ground. lost its military function and combines the corridor and the become nice tourist resorts. The entry to the tomb was was gradually abandoned Church of S. Nicola di Bari tower nuraghe, composed of a You can visit the hamlet of Church of S. Giusta characterised by a during the Spanish central tower enclosed by an San Pietro , with the small monumental and moulded domination. There are still the banks of Lake Castel Doria irregular-shape trilobed church of San Pietro del Casiddu and Gaspareddu. The stele, of which just the bottom some remains of the medieval there are lots of archaeological bastion. All around the Bosco , that belonged to the old town centre keeps the portion is left. The corridor of fortress, like some portions of sites, among which the building there are the remains medieval village of Sortinissa . charm of the rural hamlet. In the burial chamber is 12.50 m the external walls, the important Neolithic of a wide village of circular Northwards there are the the upper quarter of the long and almost intact. The foundations of the rectangular necropolis of Tisiennari . The huts, while nearby there are seaside resorts of Agrustos village you can visit the side jutting walls are made of main tower and an funerary complex was carved the remains of two giants’ and Ottiolu : this last includes church of Santa Giusta , some slabs dug as a knife into underground water cistern. in a limestone outcrop and tombs. a beautiful beach and a tourist erected in the 17 th century, the ground, while the lintel

34 Sardegna Virtual Archaeology Sardegna Virtual Archaeology 35 covering was made with heavy sacred well of Milis , dated homonym archipelago and the as Cuniculariae (referring to You can reach the isle of to its beautiful eastern granite slabs. back to the middle of the 2 nd only hosting a town, the city of the presence of wild rabbits), Caprera from the island of the beaches: Cala Corsara, Cala millennium B.C. The vestibule . The these isles were uninhabited Maddalena through a narrow Connari and Cala Granara. 10. • Sacred entry to the temple was geographic position imposed during the Middle Ages. isthmus called “Passo della The islet of Spargiotto faces well of Milis seriously damaged during the to the island a destiny as a Around the 16 th century some Moneta”. Along the southern the fury of the mistral and it is The village of Golfo Aranci 19 th century while they were military outpost since 1767, shepherds from Corsica coastline there are the a site of great naturalistic was founded at the entry of laying the railway tracks. The when the Piedmontese settled here. At the end of the beautiful beaches of Porto worth where several rare bird the enchanting promontory underground chamber can be transformed it into a naval 18 th century, on the islands of Palma and of Relitto . The species nest. The isle of of Capo Figari at the end of reached through a 40-step base for the Royal Sardinia Maddalena and Caprera they most interesting excursions Budelli is famous for the the 19 th century, when the staircase, with the typical vault Navy. A period of decay was built some military are towards Monte Teialone natural monument of Spiaggia Sardinian Railway Company of the sacred wells made as an followed by resumption fortifications (forts, gun (m 210) and the beach of Cala Rosa (pink beach), a fully moved from Olbia to the thanks to the export of granite batteries and bunkers), now protected area. On the island natural harbour of Golfo and the installation of another considered as masterpieces of of Santa Maria there are the Aranci. In 1919, the city of military naval base in 1891. In the military architecture and remains of a modest Olbia got back the naval the outskirts of the village peculiar elements of the monastery built by the service and Golfo Aranci was there is the Archaeological- landscape. The main Benedictine monks in the 12 th converted into a holiday Naval Museum “Nino characteristics of the century. Cala Santa Maria is

Sacred well of Milis Garibaldi's tomb

Island of Figarolo Military fortification Porto Palma Passo degli Asinelli resort. The toponym “Golfo Lamboglia” , where they keep landscape of the archipelago one of the most extended Aranci” would probably come the remains of a big Roman are the granite soils, the low beaches of the Archipelago. from an erroneous ship that sank near the island and rugged coastline that The island of Razzoli is linked interpretation of the gallurese of Spargi around 120 B.C. The alternates beaches, inlets and to Santa Maria by the isthmus “ranci” (crabs) that a The Ammiragliato archipelago of La Maddalena natural harbours. The Cala Andreana of Passo degli Asinelli . It is cartographer changed into stretches for about 50 square archipelago is a Site of the most northern site and is “Golfo degli Aranci” (gulf of upside down staircase. The km and is composed of seven Community Importance Coticcio . North of the dyke characterized by majestic the oranges) in the 18 th chamber of the well, with the islands, surrounded by en (SCI) characterised by the you enter the Compendio cliffs. The long beach of Cala century. A legend seems to still-active source, has an environment of great presence of more than 750 Garibaldino , an area that was Lunga is really nice. Also justify this interpretation, elliptic plan and is ogive importance: Maddalena, vegetable species, with 56 bought by Giuseppe Garibaldi fascinating and imposing is since it has that a ship charge vaulted. Caprera, Santo Stefano, endemic species and and that has become a the lighthouse that dominates with oranges sank in the gulf. Spargi, Budelli, Santa Maria numerous other rare species. museum today. You can also the stretch of sea called The beauty of the area had 11 . La Maddalena • and Razzoli. It was a trade Moreover, the archipelago is visit the Geo-Mineralogical “Bocche di Bonifacio”. The already attracted the man Archipelago of Maddalena crossroad for the important among the most important and Naturalistic Museum “G. emerald stretch of sea since the pre-historical age, as The island of the Maddalena Mediterranean civilizations; areas for the vertebrates and Cesaraccio” . The isle of between Budelli, Razzoli and witnessed by the Nuragic is the most important of the known during the Roman age in particular for nesting birds. Spargi is a sea paradise thanks Santa Maria, called “Porto

36 Sardegna Virtual Archaeology Sardegna Virtual Archaeology 37 Madonna”, is perhaps the includes about 40 km of the park area. Along the path the 18 th -century church of the pre-existing church. The 15. Olbia • Main most fascinating spot of the coastline in the territories of you can visit the natural Purgatorio . The Ethnografic village is dominated by the monuments entire Park. Loiri-Porto San Paolo, Olbia monument of the “Ulysses’ Museum “Galluras” keeps panoramic viewpoint of Sa Looking onto one of the and San Teodoro. Thanks to arch” . On the south-eastern more than four thousand finds Turrita , which offers a vast typical granite inlets ( rias ) of 12. • its naturalistic and landscape coast of the island there is the dated back from the Middle panorama from the island of Gallura, the city of Olbia was Marine Park of Tavolara peculiarities, it is one of the beautiful beach of Ages to the 19 th century. The Tavolara to Monte Limbara. founded in a place known At the beginning, both the most beautiful region of the Spalmatore di Terra , with a territory of is One of the peculiarities of since the pre-historic age as villages were among the Mediterranean area. Pink small harbour and some characterized by a high Monti is the wine an ideal harbour and for the hamlets of : granite cliffs alternate with receptive services. From the concentration of dolmen “Vermentino di Gallura”. presence of a fertile plain. The in the 18 th century Loiri was high dunes, ponds and beach of Punta Molara you tombs, among which the most Towards the village of Alà dei actual city developed on the more than a stazzo and only at can admire the island of important is the allée remains of the old town the beginning of the 19 th Molara , a big granite rock and couverte of Ladas . This frequented from the century it became a village; also a botanic and fauna oasis monument presents a Phoenician to the Roman age, Porto San Paolo was founded where some of the most rectangular gallery probably even if its name, Olbia (the as a fishers’ village and the important marine bird used as a collective grave. This happy town), was given by the beauty of the beaches colonies of the Mediterranean kind of tomb is typical of the Greek (Phocaean). favoured the tourist area live. western European Afterwards, the city changed

Capo Ceraso Church of S. Paolo Eremita

lagoons, small bays and long beaches of pink sand. The park includes the beach of La Cinta and the lagoon of San Teodoro, Cala Brandinchi, Porto Taverna, the beaches Island of Tavolara and the ponds of Porto Istana, Historical centre of Luras Allée couverte of Ladas Olbia's lighthouse the promontory of Capo development. At the entry of Ceraso and the archipelago 13. Luras • Allée couverte megalithism that spread at the its name five times. The rich Loiri there is a noteworthy with the islands of Tavolara of Ladas end of the 5 th millennium B.C. Roman city of Olbia was example of a century-old olive and Molara. The area has a The actual village of Luras was and characterized by the use replaced by the Byzantine tree that guards the small great importance thanks to founded during the Middle of big slabs to build funerary Fausania . In the 13 th century it church of San Nicola and the presence of some Ages and it belonged to the monuments. was ruled by the Pisans with Sant’Antonio Abate . Some botanical endemisms and the Kingdom of Gallura. In the Forest of Monte Olia the name of Terranova houses were built in pietra ’e high variety of avifauna. The territory there are the vastest 14. Monti • Sanctuary Pausania . The Spanish lozzu , a mixture of water and undersea landscapes are vineyards of the High Gallura, of San Paolo Eremita Sardi, you can visit the domination was an age of mud. The architectonic style unique and of great where they produce the wines During the Middle Ages, the noteworthy State Forest of plagues and of pirates’ reminds that of the more naturalistic worth. Tavolara is Vermentino, Moscato and the village of Monti marked the Monte Olia and the nearby incursions that reduced the famous area of “Costa an imposing limestone rocky famous Nebbiolo of Luras . In eastern border of the country sanctuary of San city to a poor village. In 1939, it Smeralda”. There is also a island, whose highest peak is the old town centre you can Kingdom of Torres. In the old Paolo Eremita , built in 1348 got back its old name of Olbia . small tourist harbour from Punta Cannone (m 565), visit the church of Santa town centre you can visit the but modified and widened in Since the end of World War II which leave the boats to the reachable with an on-foot Croce , built in the 18 th century, church of San Gavino , built the 17 th and in the 19 th century it has constantly grown thanks Marine Park of Tavolara . excursion and from which you the church of San Pietro , on a 17 th -century structure; with the use of the local in particular to tourism, the Instituted in 1997, the park can have a wonderful view on erected in the 16 th century, and only the bell tower was part of granite stone. widening of the commercial

38 Sardegna Virtual Archaeology Sardegna Virtual Archaeology 39 harbour and the construction San Simplicio : built between century. In the surroundings state road continues crossing trachyte ashlars. Nearby that above the roof of a of the airport. From the new the 11 th and the 12 th century in there is also the giants’ tomb a landscape of magnificent stands the Roman fortress of portico, probably added in the promenade you can reach Pisan Romanesque style and of Su Monte de S’Ape , built in granite cliffs and numerous Castro , that gave its name to 17 th century, get to a Molo Brin , where there is the on a Punic, Roman and the 2 nd millennium B.C. In the beaches like Lido di the church that was the decoration with rounded Archaeological Museum , medieval necropolis, the locality of Cabuabbas stands Pittulongu , Bados and Nodu cathedral of the homonym arches. Above the portico where they set up some relics former cathedral of Civita was the country church of N.S. di Pianu. diocese since the Middle there are three double- of the Roman ships that were an Episcopal seat until 1503 Cabuabbas , while on the top Ages. The façade of the splayed, ribbed single-arched discovered in the old harbour. and it is the most important of Monte Cabu Abbas there is 16. • Church of church is delimited by two windows. On the right façade From the promenade starts religious monument of north- an interesting Nuragic N.S. di Castro cantons culminating with a too there are two ribbed Corso Umberto , the main old eastern Sardinia. Going to the complex , with a compound The territory of Oschiri keeps single-arched windows. The town centre’s street, where wall enclosing a single-tower a great cultural heritage, with apse is divided in three units there are the Town Hall, some nuraghe. Following the state more than a hundred of with a single-arched window 19 th -century buildings and the road S.P.82 towards Golfo historical sites, from the and presents a decoration Library “Simpliciana” . Aranci, a signpost marks the Neolithic necropolis to several with small arches. The interior Strolling around the alleys in way to the Nuragic sacred nuraghi, medieval villages and presents a nave culminating the old town centre you can well of Sa Testa , a very churches of every periods of with a semicircular apse and is

Church of N.S. di Castro Church of S. Croce

Archaeological museum Sacred well of Sa Testa Church of N.S. di Castro Lake of Coghinas notice the 18 th -century interesting site thanks to its time. In the village you can covered with wooden trusses. epigraphs on the lintels of the architectonic peculiarities and visit the church of San South-east of the church, houses. On the right side of built between the end of the Demetrio , built in 12 th century close to the lake of Coghinas, the Corso stands the church Bronze Age and the Early Iron inside the graveyard. Along there are the remains of the of San Paolo , first built in the Church of S. Simplicio Age. It includes a wide circular the old state road S.S.199 Church of N.S. di Castro medieval Castle of Castro . 18 th century, with a dome courtyard leading to a well. towards Olbia, a country road covered with majolica tiles sea resort of Poltu Quatu you The vestibule presents lateral leads to the small cornice and is divided in two 17. • Archaeological and one of the symbols of the take the state road S.S.199 and benches for the offerings and Romanesque church of N.S. units by some pilasters; at the area of Santu Miali city. Next to the church stands after few kilometres you can a small channel to drain the di Othi , the parish church of centre there is the portal with On the western slope of the oratory of Santa Croce . see the Medieval castle of excess water; it leads to a 17- the medieval village of Octi or a rounded-arch lunette, Monte Nieddu, the territory of From Corso Umberto you can Pedreso : documented since step staircase with a granite Ogothi . Along the road to Lake surmounted by a cruciform the small village of Padru reach on foot the Punic walls 1339, in the second half of the flat-topped vault. The well Coghinas, there is the most window and by a two-light offers many interesting in Via Torino and the ruins of 14 th century it was ruled by the chamber was built with a important site of the territory , little belfry. Next to the excursions among woods, the Roman aqueduct in Via Aragonese and by the tholos vault. The spring still the church of N.S. di Castro , pilasters there are two half- sources and water streams, delle Terme. North of the Arborea; it was abandoned at gushes out at the bottom of built in the second half of the columns. The left façade too like the river Lerno. The most Corso there is the church of the beginning of the 15 th the room. The fascinating 12 th century with the use of red is divided in units by pilasters interesting archaeological site

40 Sardegna Virtual Archaeology Sardegna Virtual Archaeology 41 is the area of Santu Miali , towards the forest of Usinavà place “parago” (from which isthmus. Going to Santa Abate , built in 1912, and the frequented sea resort of the where they found many and Mount Tepilora. “parao”) to indicate the well- Teresa you must visit the most adjacent church of eastern coast thanks to the evidence of the Roman age: protected-from-wind interesting archaeological site Sant’Andrea , erected in the naturalistic beauties of its the archaeologists brought to 18. Palau • Giants’ tomb harbours. Founded at the in the territory of Palau, the 12 th century in Romanesque territory, which includes a light the remains of a big villa of Li Mizzani beginning of the 19 th century, giants’ tomb of Li Mizzani . It style and where they found portion of the granite massif dated back to the Late Roman The territory of Palau includes the village developed thanks was built during the Middle five tombs containing some of Monte Nieddu (Punta age, a vast 4 th -century A.D. a rugged landscape that opens to the marine traffic to and Bronze age (15 th -13 th century 7th -8 th -century jewels and Maggiore, m 971), a necropolis with tombs of onto one of the most from the archipelago and as a B.C.) with a mixed technique: coins. In the countryside destination for hikers among different typology and the spectacular bays of Sardinia, rail-road terminal for the the burial chamber and the stands the Church of oak woods, Mediterranean remains of two medieval narrow-gauge railway Sassari- lower section of the exedra Sant’Elena and San scrubs, picturesque stazzi and churches in Romanesque Tempio-Palau. The village were made with the row a marvellous coastline, style. Near the altar of the stretches behind the harbour, technique. The entry is east included in the “ Marine Park church that was probably from which set sail the oriented. At the centre of the of Tavolara-Capo Coda dedicated to Santa Lucia, they to La Maddalena. Eastwards, exedra stands a moulded Cavallo ”. Before the village found a deposit of 3500 silver an excursion to the locality of stele. stretches the long and

Giants’ tomb of Li Mizzani Beach of Lu Impostu

Church of S. Elia Monument of Roccia dell’Orso Church of S. Andrea Pond of S. Teodoro coins minted by the Republic Capo d’Orso leads to the well- 19. Sant’Antonio di Gallura • beautiful beach of Cala of Genoa. You must visit also known natural monument of Church of Sant’Andrea d’Ambra ; southwards there is the State Forest of Sa Roccia dell’Orso , forged by Immersed among the hills the jewel of the beach of Pianedda and water and wind in a wonderful declining to the man-made Isuledda . Northwards, you S’Ozzastreddu . Close to the panoramic position on the lake of Liscia, the village of must visit the famous white- village there is the country Capo d’Orso bay. Towards Porto Rafael you Sant’Antonio di Gallura Island of Tavolara sand beach of La Cinta . church of Sant’Elia , first built must visit Monte Altura , an developed at the beginning of Beyond the pond of San in the 15 th century as the characterised by fantastic ideal place to admire the the 19 th century around the Costantino, built in the 17 th Teodoro, rich in fish and parish church of the old village granite spikes. North- Archipelago of Maddalena. hamlet that at that time was century; it has a one nave, avifauna, among which the of Urrà . Southwards, the road westward the bay is delimited Along the road to Santa called “Sant’Antonio di originally vaulted with wooden pink flamingos, there is the to the village of Alà dei Sardi by Punta Sardegna and north- Teresa you can visit the beach Calangianus”; its name was trusses. locality of Punta Aldìa , with crosses a landscape of fertile eastward by the islands of the of Porto Puddu , close to the changed in 1979, when the an equipped tourist harbour. valleys, stazzi and picturesque Archipelago of Maddalena. mouth of river Liscia, and the village became an 20. San Teodoro • The Going north, you can reach hamlets, like that of Pedra The name of the village dates fascinating island of autonomous town. At the coastline the beautiful beaches of Lu Bianca , which offers back to the 14 th century when Gabbiani , linked to the centre of the village stands the The village of San Teodoro is Impostu , Porto Brandinchi magnificent panoramas the local fishers called the mainland by a narrow sand church of Sant’Antonio one of the most known and with a fishery, and the well-

42 Sardegna Virtual Archaeology Sardegna Virtual Archaeology 43 known Cala Brandinchi , one Teresa di Gallura is famous for It was inhabited from the 15 th - West of Santa Teresa you embellished by granite alleys monument of the area is of the wonders of the East its beaches that made it one 9th century B.C. The finds must visit the promontory of and some murales , gathers Nuraghe Lu Nuracu Putzolu . coast. Continuing northwards of the main sea resorts of helps to retrace the everyday Capo Testa , linked to the around the Neoclassical there is the Cape Coda northern Sardinia. The life of the Nuragic community island by an isthmus where church of Santa Vittoria and 23. Tempio Pausania • Main Cavallo , a promontory from territory was inhabited since that lived in that area of the magnificent bays of the parish church of monuments which you can have a the Neolithic and there are Gallura. During the Roman Santa Reparata and Rena Sant’Anatolia , built in the 18 th Chief town of the Gallura wonderful view on the islands numerous evidence of the age, in the area there were the di Ponente stretch. Capo century. You can visit the region together with Olbia, the of Molara and Tavolara. The Nuragic age, among which the centres of Longonis and Tibula : Testa is famous for its sandy Museum of Stazzo , which town of Tempio Pausania lies coastline ends with Punta archaeological complex of Lu the first was situated in the beaches and limpid sea, for keeps the memory of the local on a plain dominated by the Molara and the charming Brandali , in the locality of inlet on the left of the present the magnificent view on the massif of Monte Limbara. It is beach of Cala Girgolu , with harbour and the second along Bocche di Bonifacio and known in Sardinia for the the homonym pond. In the the road to Olbia, probably in towards Corsica and the water source of Rinagghju , locality of Punta Molara you the area of Capo Testa where spectacular rocky spurs that inside the Park of San Lorenzo. can visit the Garden of they discovered important emerge from the sea or from The presence of the Mediterranean scrub , an area remains of some old granite the Mediterranean scrub settlement of “Villa Templi” is of great botanical, geological quarries. In the Middle Ages, giving to the landscape a attested for the first time in and landscape interest. In the the Pisans founded the village peculiar moon appearance. the second half of the 12 th village of San Teodoro you can of Longosardo , a strategic That is why the desolate century. In the 14 th century, it visit also the Museum of the outpost towards Corsica, moor of Cala Grande was was still a small village that

Museum of Stazzo Capo Testa

Lu Brandali Beach of Rena Bianca Moon valley Source of Rinagghju

Sea Civilisation and which was ruled by the renamed “Valle della luna” became the seat of the Oceanographic , that gathers Genoeses. Afterwards they (moon valley). Curatoria of Gemini. At the archaeological finds built the Catalan-Aragonese end of the 16 th century, the discovered in the San castle of Longosardo and the 22. • Nuraghe bishop of the diocese of Teodoro’s sea, and the tower of Longosardo in the La Prexona di Siana Ampuria and Civita settled at Undersea Documentation 15 th -century, one of the most Immersed in the typical Tempio, which became the Centre . Aragonese tower of Longosardo imposing towers of Sardinia’s landscape of Gallura among Church of S. Vittoria seat of the diocese in 1839. coastline. To fight the grasslands, cork-tree woods, The name “Pausania” was 21. Santa Teresa di Gallura • Santa Reparata, that includes smugglers, the king of Savoy Mediterranean scrub and rural life. In the locality of added at the beginning of the Archaeological Complex a nuraghe erected on a granite founded the village of Santa magnificent granite spikes, the Aratena stands Nuraghe La 20 th century to recall the old of Lu Brandali promontory and protected by Teresa in 1808, characterised small village of Telti lies on the Prexona di Siana , a trilobed name of Olbia, the first Looking onto the stretch of a towered enclosure, a village by straight streets and with a top of a hill that declines monument used as a prison Episcopal seat of Gallura. sea called “Bocche di of circular huts, a giants’ tomb central square where the steeply towards the plain of during the Middle Ages. The Today Tempio is the main Bonifacio”, the village of Santa and some under-rock shelters. church of San Vittorio stands. Olbia. The old town centre, best preserved prehistoric town of one of the richest

44 Sardegna Virtual Archaeology Sardegna Virtual Archaeology 45 areas of Sardinia, thanks to the centre in the Stazione 24. Trinità d’Agultu • cork and granite extraction, Sperimentale del Sughero Spanish tower of Isola the viticulture and the (Cork Experimental Station), Rossa production of vintage wines. founded in 1952. There are Founded at the end of the The upper quarter of the town almost twenty-two Nuragic 18 th century around the is characterized by numerous sites in the territory, the most church of SS. Trinità , the granite buildings, erected important of which is lucky hilly location just 4 km between the 18 th and the 19 th Nuraghe Majori . It is a far from the coastline century: from the Town Hall massive single-tower nuraghe transformed the village of you can reach the cathedral Trinità d’Agultu into a well- of San Pietro , first built in the known tourist resort. 15 th century but modified At the entry of the village during the 19 th century; a there is the nice country picturesque arch links the church of San Pietro , built right side of the temple to in the 19 th century on an Palazzo Nurra-Stazza . Close older church. Its 32-km-long

Oratory of Rosario

Palazzo Nurra-Stazza Beach of Li Cossi to the cathedral there are the coastline goes from Cala church of Santa Croce , built Sarraina to Isola Rossa, with in the Middle Ages and several fascinating spots, modified during the 19 th beaches and numerous century, and the oratory of Nuraghe Majori inlets, like the jewel of the Rosario , erected in beach of Li Cossi , reachable Romanesque style but erected during the Late only on foot along a path restored in Gothic-Aragonese Bronze age with the use of big on the cliff. The sea resort style. On Piazza del Purgatorio granite blocks on an granite of Isola Rossa , with a tourist stands the small church of outcrop. The monument was harbour, was founded as Purgatorio , built in the 17 th located in a strategic position a fisher village near a Spanish century in a place where a overlooking the entire tower , erected at the end member of a noble family territory. The excavations have of the 16 th century to protect carried out a massacre. The confirmed the use of Nuraghe the coast from the pirates’ cork industry has its main Majori until the Middle Ages. incursions. • Spanish tower, Trinità d’Agultu

46 Sardegna Virtual Archaeology THE PROJECT “CULTURAL HERITAGE SARDEGNA VIRTUAL ARCHAEOLOGY ”

LIST OF GUIDES

CAGLIARITANO OGLIASTRA TERRITORY TERRITORY Basilica Nuragic complex of of San Saturnino | Cagliari S’Arcu ’e Is Forros Archaeological area Villagrande Strisaili of Sant’Eulalia | Cagliari The harbour and the coastal towers of Arbatax | Tortolì

SULCIS0IGLESIENTE TERRITORY NUORESE Necropolis of TERRITORY Is Pirixeddus | S. Antioco Castle Archaeological area of Fava | Posada of Monte Sirai | Carbonia Giants’ tomb of S’Ena ’e Thomes | Dorgali

MEDIO CAMPIDANO TERRITORY SASSARESE Nuragic village TERRITORY of Su Nuraxi | Barumini Necropolis of Castle of Monreale | Sardara Sant’Andrea Priu | Church and monastery of San Nicola di Trullas | ORISTANESE TERRITORY Archaeological area GALLURA of Tharros | Cabras TERRITORY Roman baths Megalithic Circles of Forum Traiani | Fordongianus of Li Muri | Arzachena The area of the basilicas Baldu’s of Cornus-Columbaris | Cuglieri Palace | Luogosanto Sardegna Virtual Archaeology 49