Rushlight Index 1980-2006
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ENCYCLOPEDIA of CHEMISTRY & EXPLOSIVES MATERIALS Abelite
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF CHEMISTRY & EXPLOSIVES MATERIALS A Abelite An explosive, composed mainly of ammonium nitrate and trinitrotoluene. Absolute Zero The least possible temperature for all substances. Generally accepted as -273.15ÝC AC Alternating current. Acceptance Quality Level (AQL) A nominal value expressed in terms of percentage defective per hundred units, by which a group of sampling plans is identified. The sampling plans so identified have a high probability of accepting lots containing material with a process average not greater than the designed value of the AQL. Acetin [CH3COOC3H5(OH)2] also known as glyceryl monoacetate, a colourless hydroscopic liquid. Used as an intermediate for various explosives, and a solvent for various dyes. Acetone [CH3COCH3] colourless, flammable liquid. Acetone is widely used in industry as a solvent for many organic substances. It is used in making synthetic Resins and fillers, smokeless powders, and many other organic compounds. Boiling Point 56ÝC. Useful solvent for acetylene, also known as the simplest saturated ketone. Acetylene or ethyne, a colourless gas and the simplest alkyne Hydrocarbon. Explosive on contact with air, it is stored dissolved under pressure in Acetone. It is used to make neoprene rubber, plastics, and resins. The oxyacetylene torch mixes and burns oxygen and acetylene to produce a very hot flame-as high as 3480ÝC (6300ÝF)-that can cut steel and weld iron and other metals. Produced by the action of wateron calcium carbide and catalytically from naphtha. Acetylide A carbide formed by bubbling acetylene through a metallic salt solution, eg cuprous acetylide, Cu2C2. These are violently explosive compounds. Acid Any substance capable of giving up a proton; a substance that ionizes in solution to give the positive ion of the solvent; a solution with a pH measurement less than 7. -
Intro to Light Fixtures
Intro to Light Fixtures IN THE BEGINNING PRIMITIVE LAMPS - (c 13,000 BC to 3,000 BC) Prehistoric man, used primitive lamps to illuminate his cave. These lamps, made from naturally occurring materials, such as rocks, shells, horns and stones, were filled with grease and had a fiber wick. Lamps typically used animal or vegetable fats as fuel. In the ancient civilizations of Babylonian and Egypt, light was a luxury. The Arabian Nights were far from the brilliance of today. The palaces of the wealthy were lighted only by flickering flames of simple oil lamps. These were usually in the form of small open bowls with a lip or spout to hold the wick. Animal fats, fish oils or vegetable oils (palm and olive) furnished the fuels. Early Developments Early Developments Rush lights: Candles: Tall, grass-like plant dipped in fat Most expensive candles made of beeswax Most common in churches and homes of nobility Snuffers cut the wick while maintaining the flame Early Developments Early Developments New Developments There was a need to improve the light several ways: 1. The need for a constant flame, which could me left unattended for a longer period of time 2. Decrease heat and smoke for interior use 3. To increase the light output 4. An easier way to replenish the source….thus, the development of gas and electricity 5. Produce light with little waste or conserve energy Page 1 Intro to Light Fixtures Industrial Revolution - Europe Gas lamps developed: London well known for gas lamps Argand Lamp Eiffel Tower (1889) originally used gas lamps The Argand burner, which was introduced in 1784 by the Swiss inventor Argand, was a major improvement in brightness compared to traditional open-flame oil lamps. -
Your Bicycle and You Correctly
BICYCLE GEAR KNOXVILLE REGIONAL BICYCLE PROGRAM Helmets Lights Clothing It’s quite simple. Wear one. Headlight: A handlebar mounted light makes you visible Your clothing should be comfortable and not get caught in BICYCLING 101 to others (it’s also required by law when riding in the OK, so we’ll expand a little on that. Wear one, and wear it your bike. For short commutes, regular clothing can be just dark). If you are riding where there aren’t street lights (e.g. Your Bicycle and You correctly. Remember “eyes, ears and mouth.” fi ne. Just be sure to strap your right pants leg to keep it from greenways), you’ll need a strong beam. getting caught by the chain or get a chain guard for your bike. Rear Refl ectors: Get one at least For longer commutes, many prefer to wear cycling clothing, Eyes: Your helmet should be level 3 inches wide, and make sure it’s such as jerseys and cycling shorts. Experiment with what works on your head, not tilted back. pointed straight back, not up or for you, and invest in a few quality pieces. The right clothing There should just be room for one down. Refl ectors only work if they can provide you with added visibility during dark or low light or two fi ngers between your eyes are clean, so make sure to wipe yours conditions. You can buy clothing with refl ective panels and/ and the helmet. off occasionally. or piping or add refl ective tape to existing items. Refl ective clothing is not a substitute for bicycle lighting equipment. -
Nonresidential Lighting and Electrical Power Distribution Guide
NONRESIDENTIAL LIGHTING AND ELECTRICAL POWER DISTRIBUTION A guide to meeting or exceeding California’s 2016 Building Energy Efficiency Standards DEVELOPED BY THE CALIFORNIA LIGHTING TECHNOLOGY CENTER, UC DAVIS © 2016, Regents of the University of California, Davis campus, California Lighting Technology Center Guide Prepared by: California Lighting Technology Center (CLTC) University of California, Davis 633 Pena Drive Davis, CA 95618 cltc.ucdavis.edu Project Partners: California Energy Commission Energy Code Ace This program is funded by California utility customers under the auspices of the California Public Utilities Commission and in support of the California Energy Commission. © 2016 Pacific Gas and Electric Company, San Diego Gas and Electric, Southern California Gas Company and Southern California Edison. All rights reserved, except that this document may be used, copied, and distributed without modification. Neither PG&E, Sempra, nor SCE — nor any of their employees makes any warranty, express of implied; or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness or usefulness of any data, information, method, product, policy or process disclosed in this document; or represents that its use will not infringe any privately-owned rights including, but not limited to patents, trademarks or copyrights. NONRESIDENTIAL LIGHTING & ELECTRICAL POWER DISTRIBUTION 1 | INTRODUCTION CONTENTS The Benefits of Efficiency ................................. 5 About this Guide ................................................7 -
High Efficiency Blue Phosphorescent Organic Light Emitting Diodes
HIGH EFFICIENCY BLUE PHOSPHORESCENT ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DIODES By NEETU CHOPRA A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2009 1 © 2009 Neetu Chopra 2 To my Family and Sushant 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS A dissertation is almost never a solitary effort and neither is this one. As Ludwig Wittgenstein wisely said “knowledge in the end is based on acknowledgement”. Hence, writing this dissertation would be meaningless without thanking everyone who has contributed to it in one way or the other. First and foremost, my thanks are due to my advisor Dr. Franky So, without whose guidance and encouragement none of this work would have been possible. He has been a great advisor and has always been patient through the long paths of struggle finally leading towards significant results. This work is a fruit born out of many stimulating discussions with Dr. So and my group members Jaewon Lee, Kaushik Roy Choudhury, Doyoung Kim, Dongwoo song, Cephas Small, Alok Gupta, Galileo Sarasqueta, Jegadesan Subbiah, Mike Hartel, Mikail Shaikh, Song Chen, Pieter De Somer, Verena Giese, Daniel S. Duncan, Jiyon Song, Fredrick Steffy, Jesse Manders, Nikhil Bhandari and their contribution to these pages cant be acknowledged enough. I am especially thankful to Dr. Jiangeng Xue, Dr. Paul Holloway and their group members Sang Hyun Eom, Ying Zheng, Sergey Maslov and Debasis Bera who were an indispensable part of our DOE project team. I am also indebted to Dr. Rajiv Singh, Dr. Henry Hess and Dr. -
WPA Newsletter, Volume 25, Issue 1
WPA Newsletter, Volume 25, Issue 1 Table of Contents Corporate Members 4 Editorials 5 Passages 8 Winter Blast Round-Up 12 Burro Races 16 Guest photographer Kelly 18 Maker Faire 27 Cover Picture - “BANG! BANG!” News from Here and There 28 Photo by Kelly Dreller DO IT announcement 31 Elected Officers of the WPA New Rocket Policy 33 President: Steve Wilson Moapa 33 Vice President: Greg Dandurand Blackfinger’s Insert Workshop 34 VP Publications: Pete Hand Treasurer: Richard Haase Secretary: Dennis Miele THE SMALL PRINT The Western Pyrotechnic Association, Inc., also known as the WPA, is a non-profit group of fireworks professionals and their apprentices. This newsletter is a vehicle for their exchange of information in this craft and the right to publish this information is guaranteed by the Constitution of the United States of America. Nonetheless, readers are urged to learn and obey all laws and regulations of all federal, state, and local jurisdictions and of their agencies and representatives. Some information herein may contain incom- plete descriptions of fireworks techniques based on the experience of its author(s) in a controlled environment with circumstances, and conditions different from the reader. Readers must form their own opinion as to the application of this information. This information is considered documentary in nature and no opinion is given as to its suitability or use. No warranties are made either expressed or implied, including but not limited to warranties of the accuracy of the information herein. The WPA is not responsible for the opinions of authors or mistakes in printing. All information is intended solely for viewing by members of the Western Pyrotechnic Association, Inc. -
Black Match” …………………………………………… P
Selected Pyrotechnic Publications of K.L. and B.J. Kosanke Part 5 (1998 through 2000) This book contains 134 pages Development of a Video Spectrometer …………………………………………… P. 435-445. Measurements of Glitter Flash Delay, Size and Duration ……………………… P. 446-449. Lift Charge Loss for a Shell to Remain in Mortar ……………………………… P. 450-450. Configuration and “Over-Load” Studies of Concussion Mortars ……………… P. 451-463. Quick Match – A Review and Study ……………………………………………… P. 464-479. Pyrotechnic Primes and Priming ………………………………………………… P. 480-495. Dud Shell Risk Assessment: NFPA Distances …………………………………… P. 496-499. Dud Shell Risk Assessment: Mortar Placement ………………………………… P. 500-503. Performance Study of Civil War Vintage Black Powder ……………………… P. 504-509. CAUTION: Very Fast “Black Match” …………………………………………… P. 510-512. Peak In-Mortar Aerial Shell Accelerations ……………………………………… P. 513-516. Firing Precision for Choreographed Displays …………………………………… P. 517-518. Sticky Match and Quick Match: Temperature Dependent Burn Times ……… P. 519-523. Mortar Separations in Troughs and Drums …………………………………… P. 524-530. Preliminary Study of the Effect of Ignition Stimulus on Aerial Shell Lift Performance …………………………………………………… P. 531-535. Pyrotechnic Particle Morphologies – Metal Fuels ……………………………… P. 536-542. Peak Mortar Pressures When Firing Spherical Aerial Shells …………………… P. 543-544. Indoor Pyrotechnic Electrostatic Discharge Hazard …………………………… P. 545-545. Pyrotechnic Particle Morphology – Low Melting Point Oxidizers ……………… P. 546-556. An earlier version -
Study of Lighting Systems for Safety Bicycle Rides
WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on ADVANCES in ENGINEERING EDUCATION A. Sivert, F Betin, B. Vacossin, Ph. Dondon Innovative sustainable development teaching at university: Study of lighting systems for safety bicycle rides (1) A. SIVERT1, F BETIN1, B. VACOSSIN1, Ph. DONDON2 (1) Institut Universitaire de Technologie de l’Aisne Département Génie Electrique SOISSONS Laboratory for Innovative Technologies (L.T.I), Team Energy Electric and Associated System (2) Université de Bordeaux, IPB Av Dr A. Schweitzer 33405 Talence Abstract: Numerous countries are nowadays trying to reduce pollution in the cities, in particular noise and CO2 emission. New alternating means of transportation (other than cars) are now encouraged. Bicycle is one of those. However, one of the key points for promoting bicycles downtown is safety rides whatever the traffic and weather conditions. In that way, lighting systems are mandatory to been seen and to see correctly. Unfortunate- ly, reliable technical data is missing. Only a very few commercial data is available on retailer’s web site or in specialized shops. So, in this paper, we propose firstly a didactical scientific “cooking guide” for students, teachers and bicycle users, who want to choose and design their own lighting based on LEDs (light-emitting diode). Optical, thermal, electronic and power management aspects are discussed. And a set of basic answers to the following questions is provided: What is a simple way of measuring brightness? How does one choose an LED and its optics according to the desired lighting? How is the performance of an LED checked? How does one choose a heatsink? How is the regulation of one or more LEDs managed? Secondly, our didactical experi- ence and feed-back of student’s groups in our electrical department is reported and discussed. -
!History of Lightingv2.Qxd
CONTENTS Introduction 3 The role of lighting in modern society 3 1. The oldest light sources 4 Before the advent of the lamp 4 The oldest lamps 4 Candles and torches 5 Further development of the oil lamp 6 2. Gaslight 9 Introduction 9 Early history 9 Gas production 10 Gaslight burners 10 The gas mantle 11 3. Electric lighting before the incandescent lamp 14 Introduction 14 Principle of the arc lamp 15 Further development of the arc lamp 16 Applications of the arc lamp 17 4. The incandescent lamp 20 The forerunners 20 The birth of the carbon-filament lamp 22 Further development of the carbon-filament lamp 25 Early metal-filament lamps 27 The Nernst lamp 28 The birth of the tungsten-filament lamp 29 Drawn tungsten filaments 30 Coiled filaments 30 The halogen incandescent lamp 31 5. Discharge lamps 32 Introduction 32 The beginning 32 High-voltage lamps 33 Early low-pressure mercury lamps 34 The fluorescent lamp 35 High-pressure mercury lamps 36 Sodium lamps 37 The xenon lamp 38 6. Electricity production and distribution 39 Introduction 39 Influence machines and batteries 39 Magneto-electric generators 40 Self-exciting generators 41 The oldest public electricity supply systems 41 The battle of systems 42 The advent of modern a.c. networks 43 The History of Light and Lighting While the lighting industry is generally recognized as being born in 1879 with the introduction of Thomas Alva Edison’s incandescent light bulb, the real story of light begins thousands of years earlier. This brochure was developed to provide an extensive look at one of the most important inventions in mankind’s history: artificial lighting. -
Kt-Led4.5Fb11-E12-9Xx-C Replacement Lamp
Page 1 of 2 KT-LED4.5FB11-E12-9XX-C REPLACEMENT LAMP DESCRIPTION 4.5W B11 Lamp | 2700 –3000K | ≥ 90 CRI | Straight-tip Chandelier LAMP TYPE: Filament B11 BASE TYPE: E12 (Candelabra) WATTAGE: 4.5W COLOR TEMPERATURE: 2700–3000K COLOR RENDERING INDEX (CRI): ≥ 90 WARRANTY: 3 Years RATED LIFE: L70 (15,000 Hours) TYPICAL APPLICATIONS • Chandeliers • Vanity Fixtures • Decorative Accent Lighting • Wall Sconces • Pendant Lights PRODUCT FEATURES • Energy efficient, 80%+ energy savings over legacy equivalents • Operating temperature range −4ºF/−20ºC to 95ºF/35ºC • Lower heat generation than legacy equivalents • PF > 0.70 • Smooth, uniform dimming • Rated for open, recessed, and enclosed fixtures • Filament-style LED construction offers unique traditional appearance • ANSI compliant construction ensures fitment for intended for decorative and mood-sensitive applications applications • HiCRI LEDs offer enhanced color rendering vs. 80 CRI LEDs, providing • UL Listed ideal clarity, representation, uniformity of illuminated area/objects • Meets Energy Star requirements • Long life minimizes replacement and maintenance costs • Complies with Part 15 of FCC • Suitable for use in damp locations • Title 20 compliant ELECTRICAL AND PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS Color Input Rated Legacy Equivalent Base Beam Keystone Catalog Number Description Temp* Voltage Lamp Wattage Wattage Lumens Efficacy CRI Type Angle Dimmable B11 straight-tip 40W KT-LED4.5FB11-E12-927-C chandelier filament 2700K 120V 4.5W 360 lm 80 lm/W ≥ 90 E12 360º Yes bulb; Clear; Dimmable incandescent B11 straight-tip 40W KT-LED4.5FB11-E12-930-C chandelier filament 3000K 120V 4.5W 360 lm 80 lm/W ≥ 90 E12 360º Yes bulb; Clear; Dimmable incandescent * Color Uniformity: CCT (Correlated Color Temperature) range as per guidelines outlined in ANSI C78.377-2017 Keystone Technologies • Philadelphia, PA • Phone (800) 464-2680 • www.keystonetech.com Specifications subject to change. -
Optical Measurements of Atmospheric Aerosols: Aeolian Dust, Secondary Organic Aerosols, and Laser-Induced Incandescence of Soot
Optical Measurements of Atmospheric Aerosols: Aeolian Dust, Secondary Organic Aerosols, and Laser-Induced Incandescence of Soot by Lulu Ma, B. S. A Dissertation In Chemistry Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Texas Tech University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of philosophy Approved Jonathan E. Thompson Chair of Committee Dimitri Pappas Carol L. Korzeniewski Dominick Casadonte Interim Dean of the Graduate School August, 2013 Copyright 2013, Lulu Ma Texas Tech University, Lulu Ma, August 2013 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. Thompson for his guidance and encouragement throughout the past 4 years in Texas Tech University. His profound knowledge, diligence and patience encouraged me and has setup a great example for me in the future. I also thank to Dr. Pappas and Dr. Korzeniewski for their help and for taking time as my committee members. I also would like to thank Dr. Ted Zobeck for his help on soil dust measurements and soil sample collection and also Dr. P. Buseck and his lab for TEM analysis. My group members: Hao Tang, Fang Qian, Kathy Dial, Haley Redmond, Yiyi Wei, Tingting Cao, and Qing Zhang, also helped me a lot in both daily life, and research. At last, I would like to thank my parents and friends for their love and continuous encouragement and support. ii Texas Tech University, Lulu Ma, August 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS……………………………………………………………….ii ABSTRACT ……………………………………………………………………………..vi LIST OF TABLES …………………………………………………………………….viii LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………………………..………………ix LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ………………………………………….………………xi I. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction to Atmospheric Aerosols. ................................................................... 1 1.1.1 Natural Sources ............................................................................................. -
Commentary Kerosene-Based Lighting: an Overlooked Source of Exposure to Household Air Pollution?
Feature: Air quality challenges in low-income settlements Commentary Kerosene-based lighting: an overlooked source of exposure to household air pollution? Ariadna Curto 1,2,3, Cathryn Tonne 1,2,3 1Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain 2Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain 3CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain https://doi.org/10.17159/caj/2020/30/1.8420 Access to affordable, reliable, modern and sustainable energy is prolonged periods, resulting in high levels of inhaled pollutants one of the seventeen Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) set (i.e. more mass inhaled per mass emitted). An experimental by the United Nations for 2030. However, estimates indicate that study in Kenya estimated that night kiosk vendors can inhale progress towards that goal is not on track: 650 million people 1560 µg of fine particles per day emitted by kerosene lamps worldwide are estimated to remain without access to electricity alone (Apple et al., 2010). Relatively few studies have attempted in 2030 (IEA, IRENA, UNSD, WB, WHO, 2019). Nine out of ten of to quantify the contribution of kerosene-based lighting to these people will live in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), mostly in rural particle exposure in populations in SSA. We previously reported communities, which face barriers in terms of affordability and that kerosene-based lighting was the strongest determinant supply. of 24-h average and peak personal exposure to black carbon among women living in a semi-rural area of Mozambique (Curto Without access to affordable and reliable clean energy to et al., 2019). Women who used kerosene as the primary source meet daily cooking, lighting, and heating needs, individuals of lighting had 81% and 93% higher average and peak personal rely on inefficient fuels and technologies that give rise to black carbon exposure, respectively, than those using electricity.