NOVA Fall 1998 Teacher's Guide. INSTITUTION WGBH-TV, Boston, MA

DOCUMENT RESUME

ED 448 058 SE 064 358

AUTHOR Colombo, Luann TITLE NOVA Fall 1998 Teacher's Guide. INSTITUTION WGBH-TV, Boston, MA. PUB DATE 1998-00-00 NOTE 55p. AVAILABLE FROM NOVA Teacher's Guide, WGBH, 125 Western Avenue, Boston, MA 02134. E-mail: wgbh materials [email protected] PUB TYPE Guides Non-Classroom (055) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC03 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Earthquakes; Elementary Secondary Education; Geometry; Microbiology; *Science Activities; *Science Instruction; Scientific Literacy; Space Sciences; Volcanoes IDENTIFIERS El Nino (Ocean Current); Longitude; National Science Education Standards; NOVA (Television Series)

ABSTRACT This teacher's guide is designed to accompany the PBS television program "NOVA." Six science activities correspond to: (1) "Lost at Sea: The Search for Longitude which researches and charts the shortest course to circumnavigate the globe;(2) "Chasing El Nino," which formulates a question and designs an experiment to evaluate the accuracy of weather folklore; (3) "Terror in Space," which explores the concept of center of mass and experiments with how altering the location of an object's center of mass can affect its motion;(4) "Special Effects: Titanic and Beyond," which investigates how geometry plays a role in perspective;(5) "Deadly Shadow of Vesuvius," which collects data and create maps to observe the relationship between volcanoes, earthquakes, and lithospheric plates; and (6)"Ice Mummies," which investigates the rate of microbial growth at different temperatures, and analyzes and interprets information in order to locate an archaeological site. All activities include a list of the National Science Education Standards addressed. (YDS)

Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. s....r.f...5:4"4-74"41..,' ft, 4,1! 4c/4 74y/e,114 4 0 arm= 1#4 US DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND Off ice of Educational Research and Improvement sr, DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION BEE GRANTED BY t CENTER (ERIC) " t This document has been reproducedas eived from the person or organization originating it CI Minor changes have been made to fir,X1',Pt improve reproduction quality TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES ';',V,4 .1 '. '4r:I Points of view or opinions stated in this INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) <,-,4"; document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy

nr,,45/4:, 1r; --' ,

Pr 445 1"

fit4 ...

vik44z-. t4.7 e 40-4 4P'. AS

a , - t - ....." .. . .,,,,4.,,, .P,.f., ;..,,,.44, te, ,1' .4,, -4; ',Lt. I. 4 '''.- ' s 3

m?,...t....1 ,. .., .s..,, ...t,,,,,, e ; e4.!..:fir, ,, .1 .,(',..'-,P- -, i ' .; , ,,,,,4.(, ,..= . 4 1'

( pi

:TNA ref t, , r .4 1 1

tts` 4 4 41

tt.7 r 1;t1

f 7,4

BEST COPY AVAILABLE

2 As an educator, you deal with the future on a daily basis. More than thatyou deal with it on a first-name basis.Every Lisa and Michael and Maria and Tyrone is a representative of future generations to be touched and inspired by your gift for teaching.

I understand how important you are to the future. Because at Northwestern Mutual Life, the future is our business, too: every day, we're helping people make personal and financial plans that will serve them well throughout their lives.

From one future-watcher to another, it is a pleasure to present you with the fall issue of the NOVA Teacher's Guide. Ithink you'll find this season's offerings to be rich with stimulating material for your classroom. And as proud sponsors of this award-winning educational television series, everyone here at Northwestern Mutual Life thanks you for your dedication to shaping the future.

James D. Ericson President and Chief Executive Officer

Northwestern mutualLtie® The Quiet Company® e The Nalhwestem Mutual Life In Company Milwaukee, WI 3 Page

2 25 Years and Still Going Join us in celebrating 25 years of NOVA and discover what we're changing to make it easier for you to use NOVA in the classroom.

3 NOVA in the Classroom Learn about how 25 teachers around the country are using NOVA, how you can share lesson ideas, and the next NOVA NOVA/PBS Online adventure coming your way. Activity

6 Lost at Sea: The Search for Longitude* Week of October 6 fil 'el 11 Chasing El Niiio!* Week of October 13 The Day the Earth Shook* (R) Week of October 20 16 Terror in Space* Week of October 27 Ili ii

21 Special Effects: Titanic and Beyond* , Week of November 3 26 Deadly Shadow of Vesuvius* Week of November 10 Flood!* (R) . Week of November 17

30 Ice Mummies* (3-Hour Special) , , Frozen in Heaven . Siberian Ice Maiden Return of the Iceman =. Week of November 24 Leopards of the Night* ... Week of December 1 ,, , .,, Plague Fighters* (R) Week of December 8 7

Supersonic Spies* (R) ,:. e Week of December 15 , Venus Unveiled** (R) Week of December 22

The Perfect Pearl* : > Week of December 29 40 NOVA Video Catalog

Because of schedule changes and space * one-year off-air taping nghts Lesson within Lesson online at: constraints, some NOVA programs do not ** seven-day off-air taping nghts this grade. http://www.pbs.org/ have lessons. nova /teachers/ (R) indicates a repeat program teachersguide.html from a previous NOVA season. A Word About the Standards

Increasingly, schools are moving toward teaching with standards-based curricula NOVA exemplifies the philos- ophy of such teaching by illustrating 25 Years andStill Going the realities of science and sci- SCIENCE Dear Educators, ence process EDUCATION through topical "4464'.74" This season marks NOVA's25th anniversary in science programming and issues To help education. As the highest-rated year-round series on the PBSprime-time you identify lineup, NOVA has defined science television for the United Statesand the where NOVA and world. Each program is watchedby an average of 30 million its Teacher's people a month. Guide activities fit NOVA's films are seen by viewers in more than 50 countries, fromAustralia to into such a cur- Zimbabwe. This guide issent to more than 80,000 teachers.We are grateful riculum, we have for everything you do added a section to help students discover therewards of science. to each lesson detailing how its activi- Since our birth 25 years ago, NOVA has evolved to meet theever-changing, ty aligns with the National Research rapidly-expanding needs of Council's National Science Education our viewers. Never before have our lives beenso intimately linked with science Standards (our lessons also align with and technology nor has knowledgeheld so much many of Project 2061's Benchmarks for power. Our goal is to bolster and promote science literacy in the bestway we Science Literacy) Additionally, where know how through a variety of mediums: television, NOVAOnline, and print, appropriate, we have provided connec- most notably the Teacher's Guide. tions to the Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics We have taken the opportunity (published by the National Council of of this anniveraryseason to revise the NOVA Teachers of Mathematics) Teacher's Guide to help bringyou and your students into next century's world Because this guide is designed to of science education. For eachprogram, you'll find an expanded lesson that now includes: help facilitate use of NOVA programs in the classroom and is not meant to a video overview that more closely definesprogram content; be an entire curriculum, we provide alignment to the NationalScience Education Standards; lessons that allow you entry points into addressing fundamental understandings ideas for before and afterwatching to help you understand prior student from the standards and the flexibility knowledge, reacquaint you with the program's geographical locations, to customize each lesson to best meet and prepare students for theprogram's content; the needs of your students activity setup instructions foryou, including a materials list and extension ideas; reproducible student activitypages to guide students through each activity; explanations of each activity's Teaching Tips outcome, with information to helpyou answer student questions; and When using these lessons, keep in annotated resources, including mind the following books, articles and Web sites. Explain activity concept within your To accommodate the added larger unit material, we have more than doubledthe space for our lesson plans. We hope Consider students' prior knowledge that you like the changes we'vemade. We look and possible misconceptions about forward to bringing you NOVA for the next 25 years and beyond. the science concept you're teaching Provide students with several first- hand experiences of the science concept before introducing terminology am& apdt. Work with students to develop a Paula S. Apsell rubric within which their work will be NOVA Executive Producer measured JOva I I

This Week on NOVA Check Out This section features a listing Lesson Ideas of the science articles, features In this section, you'll find and activities on the Web site ideas from your colleagues and rTeachers Site that accompany the most Previous Sites lesson plans from this teacher's recent NOVA program Bnef This section provides access guide to help you integrate descriptions and grade-level by program title or subject area current and past NOVA programs -ittp://iivviv.pils erg/noa/teachers designations are provided for to Web content for previous and NOVA Online Web sites into everything on the site NOVA programs your curnculum

Sign Up for Weekly Updates Would you like to know what's coming up on NOVA each week, both on television and the Web site? Join a our mailing list and find out. Each week well send you a reminder of the date and title of the following week's broadcast, and what you'll find online to help you integrate the Web into your curriculum. And we'll keep you abreast of any special programs or online adventures we're planning. 1' Sign up at the Web site above. 1 1

Teacher's Guide Online Activities Shop Teacher's Exchange Sign up to receive your free Click here to go to our The shop gives you access to Here you can swap ideas with teacher's guide by mail. activities designed especially NOVA programs available for other teachers about how for the Internet purchase and lists other edu- you use NOVA, or sign up to cational products we offer. receive updates on upcoming NOVA programs

Participate in the Fall NOVA/PBS Online Adventure Visit Us at NOV Online Island of the Sharks http://www.pbs. o rg/nova/cocos Find Web Sites for Each New Program Join noted underwater filmmakers as they dive into the waters of NOVA Online brings you new content each week the Pacific Ocean's Cocos Island to shoot an IMAX/OMNIMAX® film throughout the Fall season. See each lesson in on the biodiversity, ecosystem and conservation aspects of the this guide for details or visit our Web site at: island. For one month, NOVA will update the Web site with digital http://www.pbs.org/nova dispatches and images. Launch date: September 23, 1998 I 1 I

in is 25 Classroo s As NOVA celebrates its 25th anniversary have additional NOVA ideas and looks ahead to the next 25 years, and projects from which to the NOVA education team is kicking off choose. Each NOVA teacher will an initiative to make its classroom develop a special proJect using materials more effective. We've called NOVA resourcesincluding in- on 25 middle and high school teachers service workshops, articles about to help us reach this goal. NOVA, or multimedia lesson plans. This means you will: learn how you can be involved receive materials evaluated by in the NOVA Challenge. This Web teachers like yourself. Our nationwide eventdesigned especially for group of NOVA teachers will provide your studentswill be held during in-depth feedback on our programs, National Science and Technology teacher's guide lessons, and Web sites. Week in April:1999: Questions for Their ideasas well as those fromour the challenge will be based on con- long-standing local teacher advisory tent from the 1998-99 season of boardwill help us revise'current NOVA programs and NOVA Online materials and shape new ones. sites, and will promote active viewing-and learning of scierici:Cont LOA for iiinfa'aiiif Eines-46-ns' son NOVA Online throughout the? ' year to help prepare your students. NOVA Videos 50% Off Wiriners'Will be choseri'in a,iarideni diawing17Pilzes "vial be awar` In celebration of NOVA's 25thseason, we're offering educators a special on all of our NOVA videos: 50percent off on orders Look for updates about theie received by June 30, 1999. In addition,teachers who fill out and projects and more in upcoming send back the business reply card in thisguide will be entered ' NOVA-Teachers' Guides and& into a drawing to win a free one-hourNOVA video of their choice. t, See page 40 for details. iwww.pbt.org/nova.

EVEREST THE DEATH ZONE

LIGHTNING! Students worked together to build and le ration Obelisk raise their 27-foot-tall Egyptian obelisk.

When sixth-grade social studies 7 teacher Tim Matthews decided he wanted to teach an interdiscipli- nary unit on ancient civilizations, he used the Spring 1997 NOVA Teacher's Guide to jump-start his thinking. The guide featured lessons to accompany the four-part series "Secrets of Lost Empires," and focused on the social studies aspects of ancient civilizations and the use of simple machines to raise massive objects such as Stonehenge's trilithons or the Egyptian obelisks. Matthews worked with fellow science, mathematics and English teachers at Day Middle School in Newton, Massachusetts, to devise a plan: The teachers would intro- duce their 90 students to simple tools, Matthews created a process machines, scale and measurement, rubric to evaluate understanding of Egyptian history, and hieroglyphics math terminology, building terms during their 45-minute team period, and abilities with manipulatives; and scheduled four days a week. a product rubric for students to chart Become a NOVA their own learning. In "Operation Obelisk: How Will Featured Teacher We Raise the Obelisk?" students Matthews found out about the NOVA We'd like to hear from YOU! were asked to use any of six simple Teacher's Guide through copies passed Tell us how you're using a NOVA machines they learned about to down by a former teacher, and has now program or NOVA Online in develop a plan for raising a wood- signed up for his own free subscription. your classroom. Write up your frame 27-foot obelisk in the school "The benefit of the guide for me," ideas at: courtyard. Students were to he said, "is that it 'Makes connections http://vvww.pbs.org/nova/ include an accurate drawing of how that I might not necessarily have teachers/teacherex.html their simple machine would work, made." and well post them in our a description of how the obeliA For vow free subscription to this Lesson Ideas section. Or send would be raised, and a list of the semiannual guide, please send us a your ideas to: materials needed. note with your name, address, and the Jenny Lisle As with any new unit, some goals grades and subjects you teach to: WGBH, 125 Western Avenue were met more successfully than NOVA Teacher's Guide Boston, MA 02134 others. Matthews, who hopes to do WGBH, 125 Western Avenue the unit again, said next time he If we choose to feature your . Boston, MA 02134 classroom in the NOVA would simplify the number. of concepts being taught. As assessment Teacher's Guide, well 'Send you [email protected] and your students six free NOVA videos or twoC*srooit Field Trip of yourc pce, 1 Review latitude and longitude with students. Have students select a few locations on a map or globe and identify NOVA chronicles theseventeenth- them by latitude and longitude. Give century journey to determine groups of students a marker and an orange or grapefruit, representing the longitude. Earth. Ask them to draw and label lines of latitude and longitude on the fruit In 1714, followinga maritime disaster, British Parliament and locate where East meets West offers £20,000 for (at 180° longitudesite the first reliable methodof determin-- ing longitudeon a ship at sea. It is known thatlongitude can be found by comparing a ship's local i time to the timeat the port of origin. The challenge isfinding a clock a chronometerthatcan keep time It was commonly believed in the at sea, wheretemperature changes, 1700$ that the secret to finding humidity, gravity and your longitude at sea was knowing the a ship's move- time in two places: your ship's port ment affect accuracy. of origin and its current location. Ask Early attemptsare based on the students to explain how knowing the time in two places can help,determine assumption thatastronomy can solve the problem. longitude.

Self-taught clockmakerJohn Harrison believes theanswer lies in large mechanical clocks.Through careful observation andexperimentation, he inventsmany adaptations to improve clockaccuracy. After decades of work, he realizespocket watchesare a better choice and redirectshis efforts to pursue this smallertechnology. In 1764, Harrison'swatch provesaccu- rate in helping determinethe longitude on a six-week voyageto Barbados.

Portrait of John Harrison, a self-taught ctockmaker. 341f

h.. -A Lplc

of the international date line). Have The activity found on pages 8-9 aligns students find a way to make the lines with the following National Science equiangular (for example, they might Education Standards and Curricu- lum and Evaluation Standards for cut the orange in half and use a protrac- School Mathematics. tor to mark equiangular segments). Have students approximate where their Grades 5-8 city is on the fruit model of the Earth Science and then confirm latitude and longi- Standard G: tude using a map. History and Nature of Science

I' Science as a human endeavor /I Science requires different abilities, depending on such factors as the field of study and type of inquiry. Science is very much a human endeavor, and the work of science relies on basic human qualities, such as reasoning, insight, energy, skill and creativityas well as e on scientific habits of mind, such as intellectual honesty, tolerance of ambi- dite.°24 guity, skepticism and openness to new ideas. Mathematics Standard 7: Objective Computation To research and chart the shortest course to circumnavigate the globe. and Estimation

Mathematics Materials for each group Standard 13: copies of the Voyage Around the World activity sheets on pages 8-9 a, Measurement world map, globe or atlas, with a scale small tacks, pins or self-stick notes (for marking locations) a 12-inch piece of string (for measuring distances) Grades 9-12 Science Procedure Standard G: I Organize students into groups and distribute activity sheets and materials History and Nature to each group. Explain that the challenge is to research and chart a course of Science that takes them to each Checkpoint Destination on their way around the world once. Have students review the Nautical Rules and Checkpoint Destinations Science as a human endeavor Individuals and teams have contri- before beginning. (You may delete or change Checkpoint Destinations to best buted and will continue to contribute suit your students' abilities.) to the scientific enterprise. Doing science or engineering can be as sim- Have students research locations that match the Checkpoint descriptions, ple as an individual conducting field L plot these locations on a map, record the latitude and longitude for each, studies or as complex as hundreds of and plan their course from one location to the next. Then have them estimate people working on a major scientific the distance between locations, using the string and a map scale. question or technological problem When teams have completed their routes, have them exchange maps and drecording charts to compare Checkpoint locations and estimated distances. Then, as a class, come up with the shortest route possible. AAs an extension, you can have students convert the estimated distances 9 from statute miles to nautical miles. 10 BEST COPY AVAILABLE Lost at Sea:The Search for longitude NOVAActivity if the °Page Aroundacslitf

You are about to embark on a voyage Procedure around the world. Your mission is to chart a course that will take you to each Nautical Rules 1Read the Nautical Rules. Checkpoint Destination on your way 4 Begin and end your trip around the globe once. Bon voyage! IReview the Checkpoint Destination Ldescriptions. Research and find in Greenwich, England. Materials for your group locations that match each Checkpoint, world map, globe, or atlas, with Circumnavigate the globe which you must visit in order. Your goal once. a scale is to visit every Checkpoint and circum- small tacks, pins or self-stick notes Visit every Checkpoint navigate the globe. (for marking locations) Destination. (Each a 12-inch piece of string On a world map, globe or atlas mark Checkpoint must bea (for measuring distances) 3the locations you've chosen for different location.) each Checkpoint. Record the location and its latitude and longitude for each Visit the Checkpoints in order. Checkpoint. Plan a course from one Checkpoint 4to the next and estimate the distance between each location, using the string and map scale. Then calculate the total distance for the entire voyage. Trade recording charts with another 5team and check that team's course and distance measurements. g Once you have checked another U team's course, work as a class to chart the shortest course around the world. Lost at Sea:The Search for longitude NOVAActivity

Checkpoint Location Latitude Estimated Distance Destination and Longitude from Previous Checkpoint

1 Start in Greenwich, Greenwich, England 51°29'N, 0°00' W 0 miles England.

2 Dodge an iceberg.

3 Dock next to a cruise ship.

4 Stop at a Spanish- speaking port.

5 Stop at an English- speaking port.

6 View a high mountain from a port.

7 Visit a major . oil-supplying port.

8 Photograph a kangaroo.

9 Sight a penguin.

10 Collect exotic spices.

11 Have lunch in a country where rice is a dietary mainstay.

12 Visit a country that has changed its name within the past 50 years.

13 End in Greenwich, England.

Total Distance

9 r) Activity Answer tances. Most maps students will be Resources Because the Checkpoint using show statute miles, the unit of Books Destinations are open-ended, the measurement for distances on land. Hobden, Heather, and Mervyn locations and courses students Distances at sea are measured in nauti- Hobden. John Harrison and the choose will vary (see sample cal miles. A nautical mile is found by Problem of Longitude. Lincoln, course below). When students dividing the Earth into 360 degrees, England: Cosmic Elk, 1989. present their locations, courses and then dividing each degree into 60 Includes a history of John and estimated distances, they minutes. One nautical mile equals one Harrison and his invention of should be able to explain why minute, or 1/21,600 of the Earth's the maritime chronometer, which each location matches the circumference. Students can convert solved the problem of finding Checkpoint description, how they statute miles to nautical miles by longitude at sea. chose the course, and the method dividing the number of statute miles Sobel, Dava. Longitude: The True they used for estimating dis- by 1.1508. Story of a Lone Genius Who Solved the Greatest Scientific Problem of Sample Course His Time. New York: Walker, 1995. Takes the reader back to the mar- Checkpoint Location Latitude Estimated Distance itime world of 1714, when finding Destination and Longitude from Previous Checkpoint the solution to the problem of

1 Start in Greenwich, Greenwich, England 51°29' N, 0°00' W 0 miles determining longitude at sea was England. of the highest scientific, political

2 Dodge an iceberg. Reykjavik, Iceland 64°09' N, 21°58' W 1,230 miles and economic priority.

3 Dock next to a St. Thomas, U.S. 18°20' N, 64°55' W 4,010 miles Web Sites cruise ship. Virgin Islands NOVA OnlineLost at Sea:

4 Stop at a Spanish- Panama Canal 9°10' N, 79°37' W 1,540 miles The Search for Longitude speaking port. http://www.pbs.org/nova/

5 Stop at an English- Los Angeles, 34°00' N, 118°15' W 3,700 miles longitude/ speaking port. California Will include an interactive game

6 View a high mountain (Mt. Rainier) Seattle, 47°35' N, 122°20' W 1,540 miles that provides a way to understand from a port. Washington why knowing the time at your

7 Visit a major Valdez, Alaska 61°07' N, 146°17' W 1,230 miles home port allows you to fix your oil-supplying port. longitude at sea. The site will also

8 Photograph a Sydney, Australia 33°55' S, 151°10' E 9,560 miles feature how the Global kangaroo. Positioning System works, a time

9 Sight a penguin. Balleny Islands, 66°30' S. 163°00' E 2,470 miles line of ancient navigation, and Antarctica contributions from leading

10 Collect exotic spices. Jakarta, Indonesia 6°09' S, 106°49' E 4,320 miles experts on what they believe are some of the greatest scientific

11 Have lunch in a Singapore 1°17' N,103 °51' E 620 miles challenges of our day. country where rice is Launch date: October 6, 1998. a dietary mainstay.

12 Visit a country that Sri Lanka (Ceylon) 7°30' N, 81°50' E 1,540 miles has changed its name within the past 50 years.

13 End in Greenwich, Greenwich, England 51°29' N, 0°00' W 8,020 miles England.

Total Distance 39,780 (statute miles)

34,567 (nautical miles) 13 NOVA examines the effects of past and present El Niftos on global weather 1'' I ' and follows the work of scientists who are trying to understand and predict 1El Nifto is a term originally used this phenomenon. Ito describe the warm surface current that usually appears every three Scientists use computer models to to seven years in the Pacific Ocean describe the climate cycle that produces along the coasts of Peru and Ecuador. El Nifto. On a world map, have students locate the Pacific Ocean, Peru and Ecuador. In 1984, the National Oceanic and 9 A change in ocean temperatures Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Land atmospheric conditions pro- begins building the Tropical Atmosphere duces El Nifio, which affects weather Ocean (TAO) array, a network of buoys worldwide. Discuss with students that measure surface winds, surface the relationship between weather temperature, upper ocean temperature (atmospheric conditions at a given WED and ocean currents. By 1994, the first time and place) and climate (average weather conditions for an area over El Niiio early warning system is in place. an extended period of time). Have Scientists are unable to predict the students explain what they think is '82-'83 El Nino due to a volcanic meant by the adage, "Climate is what you expect. Weather is what eruption that obscures the vision of you get." satellites, falsely lowering the readings of sea surface temperatures by a few As they watch, have students 3record various ways weather is degrees. affected during El Nifio years and With the help of data collected by the how these changes in weather impact specific regions. T&O array, scientists., forecast the on- ,toitfilog of the '97-'98 Et Nifio. Even so, predictions do not accurately project the magrti- tilde and rapid development of this El Nifto. .;.%! t. By flying a plane into I Have students review their notes a storm, meteorologists Iand discuss some of the positive collect data on wind speed, and negative effects of El Nifio on temperature, rainfall and world weather. In response to the atmospheric pressure. They '82'83 El Nifio, scientists have been collecting data, comparing this data use this information to to world weather events, and build- forecast where the storm's ing computer models to help predict precipitation will fall. future El Milos. Discuss how people might use this information. Drifter buoys are part of the TAO array, which measures variables such as atmospheric pressure, air and sea temperature, wind speed and wind direction. Objective To formulate a question and design an experiment to evaluate the accuracy of weather folklore.

Materials for each group copies of the Forecasting Folklore student activity sheets on pages 13-14

Procedure The activity found on pages 13-14 1 Ask students what they know about weather folklore and if they've ever aligns with the following National heard any folklore that predicts weather. Generate a list of folklore sayings Science Education Standards. from those that students already know and from those that students collect by Grades 5-8 surveying their family and friends (a starter list can be found on page 14). Encourage students to survey people from older generations. Science Standard A: Organize students into pairs or small groups and distribute the activity Science as L. sheets. Review sayings that students have generated as a class and discuss Inquiry which of those might be proved or disproved by a controlled experiment or by Abilities necessary to do observation and comparison. Have students select a saying that they think is scientific inquiry possible to investigate. Students will use the guiding questions on the activity Identify questions that can be an- , - sheets to help them formulate a question and design an experiment to evaluate swered through scientific investigations. the accuracy of that saying. Design and conduct a scientific investigation. To help students consider what makes an investigable question you may Use appropriate tools and techniques want them to consider why the following questions do or do not work: to gather, analyze and interpret data. Develop descriptions, explanations, Do crickets chirp faster when it is warmer and slower when it is cooler? predictions and models using evidence. (difficult to investigate because experimenter doesn't know what's warm Think critically and logically to make or cold to a cricket) the relationships between evidence and explanations. Do crickets in the schoolyard chirp faster when the temperature is higher Recognize and analyze alternative or lower? (investigable question) explanations and predictions. Communicate scientific procedures Why do crickets chirp at different speeds? (most "why" questions are and explanations. difficult to investigate) Grades 9-12 Once students have completed their experiments, have them present 9' their experimental design to the class and have class members predict Science Standard A: what they think was found. Then have the presenting team share its data and Science as have class members interpret it. Finally, have team members share their results Inquiry to the class, explain how they arrived at their conclusions, and discuss any differing opinions. Abilities necessary to do scientific inquiry E As an extension, students can research additional data that supports Identify questions and concepts or contradicts their experimental findings and research why certain that guide scientific investigations folklore sayings are more accurate than others. Design and conduct scientific investigations Formulate and revise scientific explanations and models using logic and evidence Recognize and analyze alternative explanations and models Communicate and defend a scientific argument. 15 Chasing El Nino! Activity

Centuries before meteorologists had advanced technology for making weather forecasts, people observed the natural world and looked for patterns to help explain and predict weather. Many of these observations were turned into sayings and passed down through generations. For example, "The louder the frog, the more the rain," or "A sunny shower won't last an hour." But how accurate is weather folklore? Find out by designing an experiment that puts it to the test. A cow with its tail to the west makes weather best; a cow with its tail to the Guiding Steps and Questions east makes weather the least. Use these steps to help you design your experiment.

1Select a Folklore Saying Evaluate whether the folklore saying can be tested through scientific investigation. What constraints must you consider (such as availability of time and space, limitations of equipment, cost, safety issues)?

2Create a Question Change the folklore saying into a question that can be answered through scientific investigation. What do you predict will be the When ants travel in asLightline, answer to your question and why? expect rain; when they scatter, expect fair weather. 16 Chasing El Nino! NOV Activity

How can you organize the data to present the strongest explanation for your conclusion?

1Reflect on Your Experiment Identify some of the flaws in your experimental design. How would you change your experiment if you were to repeat it? What new questions do you have When leaves show their backs, after doing this experiment? it will rain. 0 Share Your Findings and U Interpretations First share your experimental 3Design the Experiment 6Analyze the Data design and then have your fellow Identify the variables in the What patterns do you see in the data? classmates predict what they think experiment. How do you interpret the data? you found. What kinds of data will help you What evidence supports your Next, share your data with them answer your question? interpretation? and have them try and interpret What data will you use to support What might be inaccurate about what you found. your prediction? your interpretation? Finally, share your own conclusions How will you collect, record and How else can you explain the data? and discuss any differing views as represent your data? List two alternative explanations. a class. What materials will you need? What steps will you take to carry out the experiment? A Sample of Weather FOlklore 4Review the Experimental Design . Have another team review your Red sky. at night, sailors delight:'Red sky in the morning, saitOrs 66. experimental design. What questions warning. do they raise and how might you The louder the frog, the more the: rani. address them? If there is any part of your experiment you are having a A sunny shower won'tlast f, problem with, ask the other team When doors and windows stick, Probabl3i,rain. for input or advice. A wind from the south has rainin Have your teacher review and approve your experiment before Haloes around the sun or moon indiCate a rain or snow real soon. proceeding. When a cow endeavors to scratch his ear, it means a rain shower is Very near. When he thumps his ribswith an angry tan:iodic but for thunder, 5Do the Experiment lightning and hail. Record the actual steps you take Crickets are accUratethermorneterS; they chirp fister. When Warm and to carry out the experiment. slower when cold: Record your data. High clouds indicate fine weather lower.clouds-mean rain. - When clouds look like rocks and towers, theEarth Will be refreshed by sliOWers. BEST COPY AVAILABLE 17 Activity Answer based on scientific principles are reliable. Nash, J. Madeleine. "The Fury of The main objective is for students Folklore that refers to animals, birds, El Niiio." Time (February 16, to design a sound scientific inves- and insects is sometimesbut not 1998): 67-73. tigation. Before students begin, usuallyaccurate. Whether a folklore Gives an account of how El Nifio you might want to review their saying is accurate or not has a lot to do affects weather the world over. questions and experimental with the locality. A folklore saying that designs to ensure that they can works in one region may be entirely Web Sites complete the experiment within inaccurate in another region. NOVA OnlineTracking El Niiio classroom constraints. http://www.pbs.org/nova/ Most of the sayings lend them- Resources elnino/ selves to observation and compar- Books This Web site, a NOVA/PBS Online ison. Any of these sayings could Williams, Jack. The Weather Book. Adventure launched in Winter be proved or disproved, depend- New York: Vintage Books, 1997. 1998, includes information about ing on the factors students choose Describes major weather events, has the anatomy and;reach of El Nifio. to use as measures. Different stu- state-to-state weather comparisons, Archived dispatches of scientists' dents might use different factors. and contains profiles of the nation's efforts to track El Nifio will be For example, in the saying "High top atmospheric scientists. Includes updated with information on how clouds indicate fine weather will graphics and clear descriptions to those predictions stacked up to prevail; lower clouds mean rain," explain the intricacies of how weather what actually happened with this a student who uses bright sun- works. powerful Weather pherioirienan. shine as a measure of fine weather Lainch date: October 13, 1998: might find the saying accurate, Articles NOAA El Nino Page while a student who uses temper- Johnson, Kerry Anne. "El Nifio and the http://www.elnino.noaa.gov/ ature over 65°F as a factor might Teacher at Sea." Science Scope (April Provides current El Nifio status find the saying inaccurate. 1998): 23-27. reports, fact sheets, a webAour of Dikuss with studerits the impor- Provides an eighth-grade teacher's the TAO buoy array andmore tance of chooSing factors that are account of her month-long adventure valid measures. aboard one of the National Oceanic and Anterican Weather Folklore http://univw.athena.ivir.naSa; After students present their Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) research vessels monitoring the Tropical gioy/curric/weather/hsWeathr/ conclusions, discuss why some Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) buoys near solutions.html "=s folklore sayings seem to be more Hawaii. Has an activity involving the Reviews the validity of 14 different accurate than others. In general, weather folklore sayings. Coriolis effect. Also describes the place- folklore that takes into account ment of the TAO buoys. factors such as atmospheric con- Weather-Related Sites ditions, shape andmovement of //atheni.wednet.e u clouds, and direction and force of .html winds can haVe accurate forecast- , ing results for specific localities. Contains a'comprehensiie chiit In addition, sayings that are of weather-related sites. h*

44, NOVA looks at life on the Russian space station Mir and investigates the recent series of mishaps that the station has encountered. Launched in 1986, Mir's projected life- 1 Astronauts were sent to Mir to help scientists understand some span is five years. However, Mir contin- of the effects of living in space for ues to be used into the late 1990s. extended periods of time. Ask students In 1995, American astronauts join what they think are some of the challenges of living in space (such as Russian cosmonauts on Mir to study weightlessness, close living quarters, long-term endurance in space. boredom). As they watch, have students During an exchange-of-astronauts note the challenges faced by the Mir crew. celebration, a fire is discovered shooting from an oxygen canister, turning the festivities to panic. Russians and Americans disagree over the serious- ness of the situation. Cosmonauts and astronauts struggle to repair and maintain the station's aging I Have students review their notes technology. and discuss the challenges faced by the Mir crew. What incidents arose as a While practicing a manual docking result of technical failures or error? procedure, cosmonauts lose control of What issues occurred as a result of cul- an unmanned supply ship, which tural and political differences between crashes into the space station, causing the Russians and Americans? Discuss possible challenges and solutions that the cabins to depressurize and damag- might arise in the International Space ing the station's solar panels. Station, which will be shared by 16 nations. Mir has hosted seven U.S. astronauts who 9 Have students compare Mir with the have conducted studies Lspace station on "Deep Space Nine" in areas such as photo or with other popular science-fiction documentation in space stations. What are the similarities changes of the Earth's and differences? surface, the growth Ask students to support or refute of three-dimensional cancer cells, 3the idea that from space, Earth International Space seems like a single community. Station mitigation, and the effects of long duration space flight on tike human body. The activity found on page 18 aligns with the following 'National Science Education Standards and Curricu- lum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics

Grades 5-8 Science Standard B: Physical Science bjective o explore the concept of center of mass and expenment with how altenng the Motions and forces )cation of an object's center of mass can affect its motion. The motion of an object can be described by its position, direction of Materials for each group motion and speed That motion can be 'art I measured and represented on a graph An object that is not being subjected copies of theControlling the Cubestudent activity sheet on page 18 to a force will continue to move at a 1 Styrofoam ball constant speed and in a straight line weights: pennies, washers or marbles If more than one force acts on an tape object along a straight line, then the forces will reinforce or cancel one art II another, depending on their direction copies of theNOVA Cube Templateon page19,photocopied on card stock and magnitude Unbalanced forces will scissors cause changes in the speed or direc- tape tion of an object's motion. self-stick notes Mathematics 1.3-centimeter (0.5-inch) cube of modeling clay Standard 11: Probability

'rocedure ForPart I,organize students into pairs and distribute the activity sheets Grades 0-12 and materials. Have students roll a Styrofoam ball across a table toa part- er and observe the ball's path and motion. Encourage students to experiment Science Standard B: ith varying the force with which they roll the ball. Then have students adda Physical Science eight to alter the location of the ball's center of mass, and have them roll and A bserve the ball again. Discuss how this activity relates to the behavior of the ipply ship Progress as it attempted to redock with Mir. Motions and forces Objects change their motion only For Part II,distribute the NOVA Cube Template and clay. Have students when a net force is applied. Laws of . cut out and assemble the cube. Students will experiment to determine the motion are used to calculate precisely robability of a certain side of the cube landing face-up when the location of the effects of forces on the motion of ie center of mass is in the center of the cube, and again when it is off-center. objects. The magnitude of the change in motion can be calculated using the ) For their main challenge, have students find how best to position the relationship F = ma, which is indepen- clay so that when they roll their cube, the NOVA logo appears faceup the dent of the nature of the force. ost often. Have them predict before experimenting. Once students have corn- Whenever one object exerts force on another, a force equal in magnitude eted their experiments, have them present their results to the class and and opposite in direction is exerted on [plain why they think their strategy worked. the first object.

Mathematics Standard 11: Probability Terror in Space N «NAActiuitY Controlling the

One theory about why the supply ship Part I Part II Progress crashed into Mir was its center Materials for your group Materials for your group of mass was not centered, making the 1 Styrofoam ball copy of the NOVA Cube Template ship move unpredictably. See what hap- weights: pennies, washers scissors pens when you change the location of or marbles tape an object's center of mass. Then see if tape self-stick notes you can alter the location of an object's 1.3-centimeter (0.5-inch) cube of center of mass to make the object move modeling clay the way you want. Procedure Roll the Styrofoam ball across the Procedure 1table to your partner. Experiment with using different amounts of force. Assemble the cube, folding the edges What do you observe about the ball's 1carefully so they align as accurately path and motion? as possible. Use the same size piece of tape on all sides (even the folded side). ZInsert a weight into the Styrofoam. Cut out a small piece of self-stick note Secure the weight with tape, if to hold down the lid. necessary. Roll your cube 30 times and record Predict what will happen when you Zhow often each side lands facing up. 3roll the ball this time. Assuming a cube has uniform sides ARoll the ball again. Experiment with 3and its center of mass is located at / using different amounts of force. the "center" of the cube, the theory of What do you observe about the ball's probability states that each side has a 1 path and motion? in 6 chance of landing face-up. Combine your data with data from other teams, Questions and compare the class's results with the Write your answers on a separate theoretical probability. sheet of a paper. Now alter the location of your cube's What happens to the motion of the 4center of mass by placing clay on 1ball, with and without the weight? one of the interior sides of the cube. Explain the similarities and differences How can you position the clay so that you observed. when you roll your cube, the NOVA logo appears face up the most often? The 9How does this activity model the L behavior of the Progress as it team that rolls the most NOVA logos in attempted to redock with Mir? 30 rolls becomes the center of mass 2Imaster! 18 Terror in Space VdkActivity

NOVA Cube Template Photocopy NOVA Cube Template on card stock.

I 22 19 Activity Answer In Part II, the theoretical probability Web Sites This lesson focuses on objects that any one side of a cube will land NOVA OnlineTerror in Space that are caused to rotate by some face-up is 1 in 6 (assuming a cube has http://www.pbs.org/nova/mir/ outside force. All objects in free uniform sides and its center of mass is Delves deeper into the program's fall (such as thrown balls and located at the "center" of the cube). content and themes, with space ships in orbit) tend to rotate When students add clay to the inside of features such as articles, time around their center of mass. the cube, the center of mass is no longer lines, interviews, interactive When the center of mass doesn't located in the center of the object. As activities, resource links, program coincide with the "center" of the cube rolls, the side with the greater transcripts, and more. the object, the object's behavior mass is more likely to be at the bottom, Launch date: October 27, 1998. becomes erratic, or "wobbly." since the object is more stable in that NASA Shuttle/Mir Students should notice in Part I orientation. http://shuttle-mir.nasa.gov/ that the path and motion of the Provides information about the ball with added weight is erratic. Resources astronauts on board Mir and Unbalanced forces will cause Articles events occurring between March the speed and/or direction of an Leopold, George. "Despite Its Struggles, 1995 and June 1998. Includes object's motion to change. As Give Mir a Chance." EETimes (September sighting information. students increase the force with 15, 1997): Tech Web News. Moscow, We Have a Problem which they roll the weighted ball, http://www.techweb.com/se/ http://www.pbs.org/ they will also notice that the ball's directlink.cgi?EET19970915S0054 newshour/bb/science/ motion becomes increasingly This online article from EETimes jan-june97/mir_6-25.html erratic. This is essentially due to (Electrical Engineering Times) gives the Transcript of a discussion from the fact that the frequency and engineering perspective that, despite Tice NewsHour with Jim Lehrer amplitude of the "wobble" is all of its difficulties, the technological (June 25, 1997) examining the greater if an object is moved with wonders of Mir are not to be downplayed future of joint missions between more forcethus making the or forgotten. the United States and Russia in motion seem more erratic. This Sterling, Donna R., and Rebecca J. the wake of a crash between the activity models the behavior of Graham. "And You Were There." Science Mir space station and a resupply the Progress as the cosmonauts and Children (March 1998): 41-46. ship. Includes an audio version attempted to redock it. Since the Chronicles a sixth grade's simulated of the segment. garbage was loaded off-center, space mission. Students assumed the the location of the supply ship's Visibility Predictions for the identity of a chosen mission's astronaut center of mass was no longer Russian Space Station Mir and followed the mission through to along its center axis. As the http://www.skypub.com/mir/ the landing and press conference. Progress was accelerated through mir.shtml Extensive resource list. space, the unbalanced center of Locates Mir's current position mass possibly made the ship's above Earth and provides predic- motion increasingly erratic as it tions for where and when to look approached Mir. for Mir from your area. 23

I. NOVA reveals the secrets behind the on-screen images that have captured ' I ' moviegoers' imaginations for years. I Have students think of and list The art of special effects relieson Ithe most enjoyable movies they understanding perceptionhow the have seen. Then have them list their eye and brain perceive the worldand favonte scenes from those movies. using that knowledge to makesome- How do students think the scenes thing look real when it isn't. were made? Lead a discussion about why Special effects used in early movie 2special effects might be impor- making, including King Kong, Ben Hur tant in a movie(such as, used in a and Gone with the Wind, are highlighted. scene that would otherwise be too expensive, too dangerous, or take too The role that color, light, form, motion much time to re-create, or in a scene and depth play in perceptionand how that couldn't be shot without special those can be manipulated to fool view- effects, or to create a place that was ersis explored. purely imaginary). Some of the techniques used to fitm Asstudents watch, have them Titanicincluding model making, 3 3take notes about how each special effect is accomplished, pay- computer animation and green screen ing attention to two different kinds techriologyare described. of techniques: mechanical(in which a trick is staged for the camera, like Pyrotechnics expertswho blowup a person sitting in a car in front of a a building for The X-Files movieuse moving background image of street models, lighting and slow motion to scenes),and visual(in which two or achieve a realistic scene. more elements are photographed separately and then combined, like The future challenge for computer an explosion of a model building that special effects artistshow to makea is later merged with a film clip of a computer-generated human being look cityscape). completely realis also explored.

To help them createFlubber,Industrial Light and Magic's animators researched real-life products of varying viscosities.

1 Discuss with students some of the Itechniques used to create special effects. What techniques, if any, sur- prised them and why? Have students revisit their movie list and reflect on what special. effects might have been used to create their favorite scenes. ZWork with an art teacher to intro duce students to the elements of perspective drawing, such as shadow, light and vanishing point. 1 I

The activity found on page 23 aligns with the following Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics. Grades 5-8 Mathematics Standard 12: Objective Geometry To investigate how geometry plays a role in perspective.

Materials for each group Grades 9-12 copies of the Putting It into Perspective activity sheet on page 23 Mathematics copy of the Distorted Room Template on page 24, enlarged to Standards 7: 200 percent Geometry from construction paper or card stock a Synthetic scissors Perspective glue two same-size models (such as plastic toy figunnes or photos of people from magazines) up to 1 1/2 inches tall (the taller the better)

Procedure First stage a demonstration of perspective. Have two students the same height stand side by side near the end of a hall. Have one student begin taking steps backward until students begin to notice a difference in height between the two. From where they are, have the rest of the class measure the height of each student with a ruler or their fingers and observe other surrounding clues that suggest a difference in height: How much space is between the students' heads and the ceiling? Where is each student in relation to the end of the hall? How far did the students have to back up before a difference in height was noted? Discuss perspective with students. (You might want to replay the program segment of the two ships that deals with perspective.) IOrganize students into groups. Either make a Distorted Room for each I Lgroup or have students make one from the enlarged template and materials :II I a you provide for them. I 03 After they have constructed their room, have students place two same-size dmodels inside to explore perspective, using the questions on the activity II aI sheet to guide their mquuy. . I I A When students have finished, reconvene the class and discuss what they I I have learned, clearing up questions and inviting further investigation of perspective. As an extension, have students build the room in different sizes and compare which size works best.

147 Special Effects:Titanic and Beyond N AActivitv Putting It into

American psychologist Adelbert Ames Materials for your group Procedure created several famous optical illusions. enlarged copy of the One was a room that wasn't exactly Distorted Room Template iAssemble your Distorted Room using I the template provided. what it seemed to be. But what was it? construction paper or card stock Do this activity and find out! scissors 9Look at the room through the hole glue Lcut into the side. two same-size models (such as g Now place the models in the corners. plastic toy figurines or photos of J Move them around and observe how people from magazines) up to they look placed together and apart in 1 1/2 inches tall (the taller the different parts of the room. better) Questions

1What does the room look like through the hole?

What happens to your models when you put them together ineach of the two far corners? What happens whenyou place 2them apart in each far corner?

3Why do you think the models look theway they do when placed apart in the far corners?

4What is it about the room that makes the models look theway they do?

5What kind of special effect might this technique begood for?

26 23 Special Effects:Titanic and Beyond NOVAActivity

Distorted Room Template Glue the template onto card stock. Cut out the room. Fold up the walls, locking the tabs into the slots. Cut out the hole in the wall opposite the angled wall.

2 7 Activity Answer Resources Samonek, Michael E. The Gross-Out Perspective is the technique or Books Get Sick & Turn Blue Cookbook, process of representing on a plane or Finch, Christopher. Special Effects: with Special Effects. Skokie, IL: curved surface the spatial relation Creating Movie Magic. New York: Anatomical Chart Co., 1995. of objects as they might appear to Abbeyville Press, 1984. Has recipes for students to create the eye. Perspective didn't appear in Chronicles the use of special effects foods that aren't what they seem. art until the Italian Renaissance. from the origin of motion pictures Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) was to 1984. Web Sites the first to describe the principles NOVA OnlineSpecial Effects: Hamilton, Jake. Special Effects in of perspective in his notebooks. He Titanic and Beyond Film and Television. New York, NY: treated perspective as a branch of DK Publishing, Inc., 1998. http://www.pbs.org/nova/ geometry. specialfx2/ Provides an introduction to the Will include, among other features, Students might observe that the world of illusion. Students discover an interactive exploration of how room appears rectangular, but it isn't; how Steven Spielberg created the moviemakers create the illusion of that while the walls are straight, dinosaurs for Jurassic Park, how Jim making a miniature set look full- they don't all meet at 90° angles; Carrey's eyes popped out in Mask, size, and interviews with computer and that when outside the room, and how the spectacular arrival of graphics experts on how they got the two models are the same height. alien spaceships was staged in into the world of special effects. Independence Day. Launch date: November 3, 1998. The Animation Process http://www.pixar.com/funstuff/ how-its-done.html Pixar Animation Studios (creators of Toy Story) explains the process behind computer animation. Visual Effects Reference Library http: / /www.visualfx.com/ hlrary.htm Includes references and links to visual effects magazines and online publications, and includes book references for visual effects, science fiction, cinematography/film, computer graphics, and animation.

ttt.- Altmovies.visual-effects http: / /www.users.interport.net/ -fletcher/fx-fagl.html Newsgroup for discussion of movie MEV% and television effects. Current posts Certain visual cuessuch as include technical questions about the patterns on the floor and specifiC effects sho#, industry- the window frameslead related news, requests for advice on someone looking through the hoW to shoot a sequence, and viewing hole to believe the notices of upcoming live events, room is cubic. As a result, an television specials and magazine object placed in the left corner While the Distorted ROom appears to articles relating to effects. appears to shrink when com- be cubic, it is notrather,, the floor, pared to an object in the right some walls, and the fai WAdovis are corner. trapezoidal. NOVA follows scientists' efforts to predict the future of Mt. Vesuvius by monitoring current behavior and reconstructing past eruptions. Scientists monitor temperature changes, volcanic gases, seismic activity, and apparent "ground uplifts" in the volcano fOn a map of Italy, have students and nearby fields to detect warning signs 1locate Mt. Vesuvius, Naples, and of a coming eruption. the ancient Roman cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum. Use the map's Archaeologists and geologists investigate scale to determine the distance from the A.D. 79 eruption that devastated Vesuvius to these cities. Ask student( Pompeii. By comparing an eyewitness to explain why they think communi- accountknown as the Pliny letters ties settle near active volcanoes. What are the hazards and benefits? to the 1980 Mt. St. Helens eruption, examining remains of victims, and analyzing 1 Review with students how a L volcano differs from an earth- rock deposits, they conclude that the quake. Have students explore the A.D. 79 eruption was most likely an explo- crust, mantle and core layers of the sive eruption rather than a quiet outflow. earth and what each is made of.

Scientists combine data to create a 3 computer animation of the A.D. 79 I 1 eruption. Actual video footage captures the eruption of 1944. A team of geophysicists map the size, location, and condition of Mt. Vesuvius's 1 Italy's Ministry for Civil Protec- magma chamber. The data suggests that tion is developing a massive the medium-size chamber is blocked by emergency evacuation plan for the a plug. communities surrounding Mt. Vesuvius. Ask students to think Plaster casts about natural hazards faced by their like this community. What would they do onemade to prepare for such an emergency? in cavities- Every state has an Emergency surrounding Management Agency (EMA) that victim's assists communities in developing bodies plans for coping with natural hazards. capture Class members can select a natural details of hazard (such as a flood or hurricane) the precise noment and, as a group, write to their state's )r death EMA to learn about local plans. during Mt. Vesuvius's

in A.D. 79. The activity found on page 28 aligns with the following National Science Education Standards Grades 5-8 Science Standard D: Earth and Space Science Objective To collect data and create maps to observe the relationship among volcanoes, Structure of the earth system earthquakes and lithosphenc plates. The solid earth is layered with a lithosphere, hot, convecting mantle, and dense, metallic core Materials Lithospheric plates on the scales of conti- copies of map from the Where on Earth? activity sheet on page 28 nents and oceans constantly move at rates of access to resources from the Internet or school library centimeters per year in response to movements in the mantle Major geological events, such 3 overhead transparencies as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and moun- overhead projector tain building, result from these plate motions Land forms are the result of a combination Procedure of constructive and destructive forces. Con- structive forces include crustal deformation, Organize students into three groups and distribute a map to each group. volcanic eruption and deposition of sediment, Assign each team to research and plot one of the following: 20 recent vol- while destructive forces include weathering canoes, 20 recent earthquakes or the boundaries of Earth's major lithospheric and erosion. plates. If students are having trouble finding information, direct them to the Earth's history Web sites listed in Resources on page 29. If students are using books for their The earth processes we see today, including research, they can plot major or famous volcanoes and earthquakes instead of erosion, movement of lithospheric plates, and recent ones. Make sure groups use different symbols for volcanoes and earth- changes in atmospheric composition, are similar to those that occurred in the past. quakes so that they can be distinguished on the overhead projection. 9After the groups plot their data, photocopy each of the three maps onto an Grades 9-12 L overhead transparency. First project the volcano and earthquakemaps one Science on top of the other. Ask students to describe any patterns they observe. Then Standard D: lay the plate boundaries map on top of the other two maps. Ask students to Earth and Space Science compare the locations of volcanoes and earthquakes with the locationsOf the plate boundaries and describe any patterns they observe. Finally, ask sthdents Energy in the earth system to explain the apparentrelationship between the location of the plates and. The outward transfer of earth's internal the occurrence of volcanbes and earthquakes in those heat drives convection circulation in the mantle that propels the plates comprising earth's surface across the face of the globe. The origin and evolution of the earth system Interactions among the solid earth, the oceans, the atmosphere and organisnis have resulted in the ongoing evolution of the earth system: We can observe some changes such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions on a human time scale, but many processes such as mountain building and plate movements take'place oVer hundreds of millions of years. 28 Activity Answer When comparing their maps, students Web Sites Volcanoes and earthquakes are will notice that volcanoes and earth- NOVA OnlineDeadly Shadow not randomly distributed around quakes frequently occur at plate bound- of Vesuvius the globe. Instead they tend to aries. Students who are familiar with http://www.pbs.org/vesuvius/ occur along limited zones or belts. the theory of plate tectonics might be Will include, among other features, With the understanding of plate able to explain the pattern or relation- an examination of the United tectonics, scientists recognized ship they observe. Other students can States Geological Survey (USGS) that these belts occur along plate conduct additional research to find Rapid Response Team, which waits boundaries. According to the the- information to help them explain their in readiness to fly anywhere in ory of plate tectonics, the Earth's observations. the world at a moment's notice to outer shell (lithosphere) is made monitor potentially dangerous up of seven large and many small- Resources active volcanoes. Launch date: er moving plates. As the plates Articles November 10, 1998. move, their boundaries collide, Parfit, Michael. "Living with Natural spread apart or slide past one USGS Earthquake Information Hazards." National Geographic (July another, resulting in geological http://quake.wr.usgs.gov/ 1998): 2-39. processes such as earthquakes, Sponsored by the USGS, this site Describes volcanoes, floods, earth- volcanoes and mountain making. itemizes earthquake activity quakes, tornadoes, hurricanes and You might want to point out that worldwide, including date, time, wildfires from the perspective of people not all volcanoes occur at plate ldcation, depth and magnitude. who cope with them. Insert displays a boundaries. Some occur in the distribution map of the natural hazards Volcano World: middle of plates in areas known as of North America. Current Volcano Activity, "hot spots." The Hawaiian Islands http://volcano.und.nodak. are an example of this type of edu/vwdocs/current_volci/ volcano. current.html InclUdes a map and list of the world's most recent volcanic, eruptions. 1 1 1

Frozen in Heaven Note: This program contains information about child sacrifice. You should preview the CU program to determine its appropriateness for your classroom.

NOVA accompanies anthropologist Johan s 1 ' Reinhard as he journeys to the 5,639-meter (18,500-foot) peak of Sara Sara in southern I Ask students what rituals Peru in search of evidence of capa cocha, a Ior ceremonies they or their ritual in which the Incas were said to sacrifice families participate in or know their own children to the gods. about, and why these are EMI performed. Discuss with stu- The program descnbes Spanish chronicles dents why ancient civilizations that detail Inca life and beliefs. might have had rituals, such as providing offerings to gods. Archaeologists ascend the mountain in Have students record the ritu- search of evidence of the chronicled, but never als as they watch this program. proven, ritual. Observations of several bodies discovered earlier support the ritual's existence, including a boy found frozen in the Chilean mountains, a girl found frozen on Mt. Ampato in Peru, and a boy found on Mt. Aconcagua I Have students discuss the in Argentina. Irituals they recorded. Why might those rituals have been The program performed? How might they ends with the dis- be similar to or different from covery of Santa, a ntuals performed today? girl buried 500 years ago.

Researchers unearth the body of Santa from her sacnficial burial ground on Sara Sara. ' I '

ITo set the stage, ask students to locate the Altay II I Mountains on a map and to calculate the approximate year the Ice Maiden died(about Siberian Ice Men 2,400 years ago, or around 400 B.C.). NOVA follows archaeologist Natalya Polosmokas she journeys to the Altay Mountains in southern Sibena to search for traces of Archaeologists can infer Zmuch about a culture and an ancient people known as the Pazyryk. its beliefs from their findings. Polosmok and her team discover and uneartha wooden tomb As students watch, have them make a chart and record surrounded by the frozen remains of six horses, uncoveringa archaeologists' findings, infer- 2,400-year-old woman dubbed the Siberian Ice Maiden. ences, and any support that The Ice Maiden is buried alone, lyingas if asleep, in a wood exists for each, such as ancient writings or scientific tests. coffin with a headdress and a mirror. An afterlife meal,a yak horn vessel and a wooden table are also found outside the coffin. Archaeologists record the Ice Maiden's height, and discovera hole in her skull and peat packed in her body. They use radiocarbon dating, tree-ring chronology and biological testing to determine the age of the remains and time of death. The body is excavated Archaeologists draw con 1 from as many and taken to Moscow for pieces of evidence as they can preservation and facial find. Discuss and compare reconstruction. Another student charts that list what mummy, and other archaeologists found and ,/---( whether students think the skeletons, are discovered 41 inferences archaeologists made elsewhere. 1-- v`-V1--\ are valid and why. The program concludes by Have students consider raising the question of who has Lthe benefits and costs of rights to the ancient graves. excavating a burial site and state whether they believe Tattoos on archaeologists should unearth the Ice these sites and why. Maiden's left shoulder show creatures in action poses.

P.. II I

Return of the Iceman NOVA examines how science is unlocking the secrets of the 1 This program features a number iof archaeologists who study the Iceman, a man discovered in 1991 frozen in the Italian Alps. Iceman. But what exactly do archaeol- Found with the Iceman are a copper axe, leather clothes, flint ogists do? How does an archaeologist tools, shoes lined with grass, and a quiver full of arrows. differ from a paleontologist? (Archae- ologists study evidence of past human Mapping of the site shows that the bodythought to have been cultures, while paleontologists study discovered in Austriawas actually found 92 meters (100 yards) life that existed in prehistoric times.) inside the Italian border. What other scientists are involved in studying ancient civilizations, and Found within what do they do? 4 Italy's borders, Archaeologists inferred a lot met ma' the Iceman is L about the Iceman's lifestyle from carefully observations they made and tests they 7 . removed from performed. As students watch, have 41iN 71 the earth to be them create a chart and take notes fhst / sent elsewhere for farther about each observation or test, what study. data resulted from the observations or .00 tests, and what was inferred from the data about the Iceman.

A battery of testsincluding carbon dating, microscopic analysis, X-rays and endoscopyreveal that the Iceman: Guide a discussion about what was had been frozen for about 5,300 years, making him the 1learned about the Iceman, listing oldest frozen mummy ever found; students' notes on the board and clear- - hadheal,* worn joints; ing up any inconsistencies. What do - was about 45sears old; students think about the conclusions that archaeologists drew? What other ilast meal of meat and rough milled wheat; and - ate conclusions might have been reached? d traces of copper on the surface of his hair and arsenic Inside, indicating that he might have been involved in This program provided some evidence that the Copper Age should smelting., 1 be redated to an earlier time in this Reconstraclic earchaeology demonstrates how the Iceman might region of Europe. Have students have built' and used his copper axe. research the Stone Age and the Copper Age and the transition between them. What were the defining characteristics of each age? What were some characteristics shared by both ages? X-rays are good for imaging hard, dense did Imaging Tools substances, like bone. Radiography (X-rays), computenzed axial tomography (CAT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allow researchers to study a body without invading or destroying it. How do each of these A tools work? What were researchers able to find out with the use of each new technology?

p CAT scans use X-rays to capture cross-section images of the body, which are then analyzed by computer and formed into a three- dimensional image. .t&

4' ,. otk 't -

;42:

MEM provide information about soft tissue that contains water.

'4 ' 44, ''P';',' ,141',.,-- ;', 'r ', - - ,".",4"-

-; ,s-":,";,;,-,t -` ",f,-at.

" . 117..21.'14,1.4

'11111

",7 :c""." Atr",., - - The activity found on page 35 aligns with

Fl the following National Science Education Standards. Grades 5-8 Objective Science To investigate the rate of microbial growth at different temperatures. kv Standard C: Life Science

Materials for each group copies of theThis Is Rottenactivity sheet on page 35 Populations and ecosystems The number of organisms an ecosystem can 3 small Petri dishes support depends on on the resources available 1 small packet unflavored gelatin and abiotic factors, such as quantity of light and small saucepan water, range of temperatures and soil composi- 1/2 cup water tion. Given adequate biotic and abiotic resources 2 teaspoons sugar and no disease or predators, populations (includ- tape ing humans) increase at rapid rates. Lack of resources and other factors, such as predation one food sample (such as tofu/bean curd, strawberries, or bread) and climate, limit the growth of populations in knife for slicing specific niches in the ecosystem. refrigerator and freezer Grades 9-12 Procedure Science Standard C: Organize students into groups and distribute materials and activity sheets. i Life Science IWith students, determine what food they would like to use in the experiment, and assign each group one sample to study (samples might include tofu/ bean curd, strawberries or bread). Also discuss how students will quantify and Matter, energy and organization in living measure microbial growth rates. systems The distribution and abundance of organisms Have students predict what will happen to their sample at various tempera- and populations in ecosystems are limited by the Ztures. Then have them prepare the medium that will contain their samples. availability of matter and energy and the ability Important:Discuss with students that their medium may not be completely of the ecosystem to recycle materials. sterile and that what grows in it might not be directly related to their samples. (As an extension, you may have students repeat the experiment using sterile techniques and compare the results with the first experiment.) The containers should be left in a dark place at room temperature. Once 3microorganisms have begun to grow, have students record the temperature for the refrigerator, freezer, and cupboard or drawer, and then place one of their samples in each environment. Have students check their samples every few days for two weeks and 4record their observations. To conclude, ask students to describe the differences in the rate of microbial growth among the samples in the different environments, and possible reasons for those differences. Then discuss with students what might be responsible for promoting or inhibiting growth in each specimen. g As anextension,students could examine their final products unaided, U with a hand-held mag g glass, and then with a 10x (or stronger) microscope and describe what they see. 38 Ice Mummies Activity This Is..- gl

When an organism dies, it begins to be broken down by lots of microorganisms like bacteria and mold. But what happens to the organism at different temperatures? Do this experiment with your own samples and find out! Materials for your group else you see. (Make sure to not touch Questions 3 small Petri dishes the samples.) You may want to draw Write your answers on a separate 1 small packet unflavored gelatin what you see as well. sheet of paper. small saucepan Once you have obtained a quantity Which sample showed the most 1/2 cup water 7 of microorganisms growing, record 1microbial growth? Which showed 2 teaspoons sugar the temperature of the three locations the least? Why? tape (refrigerator, freezer, and cupboard or your food sample 9Did the samples in each environ- drawer) and place one sample in each. knife for slicing ment grow at the same rate or at refrigerator and freezer O Check the samples every few days. different rates? Why? U Record your observations in your What else could you do with the chart. Make sure you don't open your Procedure 3samples to promote microbial Petri dish once something has started growth? What could you do to limit On a separate sheet of paper, predict to grow. growth? what you think will happen to your n After two weeks, make your final food sample in each environment. How might an archaeological find, aobservations and describe what such as a body, be affected by the 9Boil 1/2 cup of water. Remove from you see. 4 Lheat. Add 2 teaspoons of gelatin temperature of the environment in and 2 teaspoons of sugar. Stir until which it is found? dissolved. Let the solution cool for 10 minutes. Fill the bottom of each Petri dish about halfway. Put the lids on and let stand overnight. This is your medium to support microbial growth. 9Collect your assigned food sample, dslice into thirds, and place one slice in each Petri dish. Tape, but don't seal, the Petri 4dishes closed (see illustration). Label each dish with the contents and date. Place the dishes in a dark place, 5such as a cupboard or drawer. c Check the samples daily. Make a U chart and record daily progress of the microbial growth. Describe color, size, and fuzziness, as well as anything I

The activity found on page 37 aligns with the following National Science Education Standards. Grades 5-8 Science Standard G: History and Nature of Science

Science as a human endeavor Science requires different abilities, Objective depending on such factors as the field of study and type of inquiry Science is To analyze and interpret information in order to locate an archaeological site. very much a human endeavor, and the work of science relies on basic human qualities, such as reasoning, insight, Materials for each group energy, skill, and creativityas well copies of the I Can Dig It! student activity sheet on page 37 as on scientific habits of mind, such as intellectual honesty, tolerance of ambiguity, skepticism and openness Procedure skeletal remouis meg The to new ideas rovred no tipsof train.. We came upoe a caveAs we 9.Ped frf IOrganize students found a large round in the dark we also focal from the

BEST COPY AVAILB Ice Mummies OV A Activity 1c

You have discovered a journal in your Procedure Questions grandmother's attic. The journal is filled Write your answers on a separate To help you visualize the scene, with field notes describing the discovery sheet of paper. 1I you might want to make a drawing of a fascinating burial sitebut the of the cave based on the description. notes do not identify whose burial site 1What culture is this? it is or where it is located. Your mission Then use reference books and any is to find out. Use the clues within the 2other sources you would like to notes to guide your search. Good solve the mystery of what culture this 2Where is the burial site located? hunting! is and where it is located.

remains Theskeletal treatment. of trauma. As wegroped showed nosigns We came upona cave. 4 found a large found around in thedark, we around wealso from theceiling. looked bundle hanging As we ooden canoe. leather similar furs. exposed several wovenbaskets, ofwhalebone, Ourflashlights made and about asmany 0,4 containers bundles hanging, and the floor. lying onplatforms on q leather package to We opened one dried-out body.We 14, discover acurled-up. body. It was a visuallyexamined the had beenremoved male andits organs with dry grass. and thecavity filled and skin,but +here The bodyhas muscle of fat. Ithad beentied is noevidence ouf. I+ positionand dried in asquatting and wrapped in wovenclothing was such leather. Wefound 50 waterproof similar 4 had received 0, bodies, allof which

Think about the clues that might be illustrated here. 41 Activity 1 Answer

This Is Rotten Microbial growth will continue to North Pole_ flourish at room temperature, will be slower in the refrigerator, and will be slowed to the extent that growth may not be visible within the given time in the freezer. The Arctic Ocean microorganisms that have grown in each sample will probably include bacteria, which are single- celled organisms that feed on waste materials and dead organisms. Mold may also be evident.

Activity 2 Answer

I Can Dig It! The scene depicted is based on an actual Aleut burial site located on the Aleutian Islands off the coast Pa Cifio Ocean:! of Alaska. The additional artifacts and cave drawings were added as clues to help students identify Aleutian Islands the site's culture and location. The Aleutian mummies were hung from the ceiling or set on plat- forms in this Alaskan cave nearly 260 years ago. These bodies were tigate Alaska, Russia, Greenland, are in the Aleutian arc. This mummified just before 1740. Iceland and Norway. Depictions of should lead them to seek out information about the Aleuts, The clues can be used in a variety sheep, moose and caribou on the cave which will reveal that the burial of ways to solve the mystery of walls help students pinpoint Alaska as site is theirs. (Students who whose burial site this is. For the region in which this culture resides. choose to use volcanoes alone to example, the presence of furs, Cave drawings depicting a chain of as a method to pinpoint the loca- whalebone and a canoe suggest islands surrounded by water pinpoint tion will find that a number of that the culture is from a Alaska as the land mass. If students volcanoes exist in Alaska, Russia northern location near water, then research where volcanoes are and Iceland.) which may lead students to inves- found in Alaska, they will discover that almost all of Alaska's active volcanoes Resources Articles The Incas Reinhard, Johan. "Research Update: http://vif27.icairdac.org.nz/ Books New Inca Mummies." National People/Inca.htm Lauber, Patricia. Painters of the Geographic (July 1998): 128-135. Provides information on the Inca Cave. Washington, D.C.: National Describes the December 1997 return of religion, culture, agriculture and Geographic Society, 1998. Reinhard and his crew of archaeologists roads, as well as background on Provides an introduction to Ice to the summit of Pichu Pichu in the the Spanish Conquest and the Age people. Text and images Peruvian Andes to discover more human Cuzco and Machu Picchu archaeo- depict artifacts and cave paintings ritual remains, gold figurines and other logical sites. left behind by ancestors of modern evidence of the Inca heritage. humans. Archaeology http://www.archaeology.org/ Moseley, Michael Edward. Web Sites Archaeology is an online and print The Incas and Their Ancestors: NOVA OnlineIce Mummies publication of the Archaeological The Archaeology of Peru. New http://www.pbs.org/icemummies/ Institute of America. The site York, NY: Thames and Hudson, This Web site, originally a NOVA/PBS includes articles about current 1992. Online Adventure launched in Fall 1996, archaeological topics and a news Provides the prehistory of will provide updated information about brief about the Iceman's return the Andean region, including the archaeological expeditions that to Italy. a thorough summary of Inca discovered three different ice mummies. civilization. Launch date: November 24, 1998. Mummies 101 http://www.pbs.org/nova/ chinamum/mummies101.html Contains information about mummification, specifically the practices of the Aleut. Note: This site contains some graphic photos. Preview first to determine its appropriateness for your students. Ice Treasures of the Inca http://www.nationalgeographic. com/features/96/mummy/ index.html Contains extensive information on the Inca ice mummies.

39 43 011141M Everest Forces evi The Death Zone Nature Witness first EVEREST hand why THE DEATH ZONE Adrift'onthe GUNStrearn rational people The following 8 pages is a complete Explore the Strearms importance can make aston- listing of NOVAs available on video. to ocean ite and hum6n ishingly poor, and history. WrittrBill MacLeish travels sometimes fatal, its full course, sailing on top of it, decisions on the under it and viewing its mighty swirl world's highest via satellites in space. Educational NOVA peak. Narrated by Use Only. 1 hr. WG1606" $19.95 Jodie Foster. 1 hr. $9.95 W62506449796- $9.95 Avalanche! Flood! With no warning and in mere Relive one of the greatest flood seconds, an avalanche wipes out disastersthe Mississippi River in everything in its path, killing the summer of 1993and explore hundreds of people each year. See the problem of taming the mightiest what risks scientists are taking to river. 1 hr. WG2307 14-9036 protect us. 1 hr. WG2418N $9.95 $19.95 $9.95 Hawaii Born of Fire n Chasing El Nino! Behold the fiery moonscapes and Celebrate As scientists push to extremes to lush rain forests surrounding explore El Nino they are under- Hawaii's active volcanoes. standing for the first time the extent Educational Use Only. 1 hr. h to which all the world's weather is WGH2211 $1-9T93- $9.95 our 2 connected, and just how delicate is the balance. 1 hr. WG2512 Journey to the $19.95 $9.95 Available 10/98. Sacred Sea anniversary! Travel to Lake Baikal, the world's Cracking the Ice Age oldest and deepest lake. Watch Could the Himalayas be the cause NOVA chart its dramatically chang- NOVA for S9.95!* of one of the planet's most dramatic ing environment over the course of climactic changesthe ice age? Take four seasons. Educational Use Only. Teachers save 50% off a trek to Tibet with a renegade band 1 hr. WG2119" $44706- $9.95 of researchers bent on proving this every NOVA video controversial concept. Educational Natural Disasters Gift Set when you order by Use Only 1 hr. WG2320" $10.05 Natural disasters strike with little or $9.95 no warningmaking them uniquely June 30,1999. frightening and fascinating. Still, Deadly Shadow scientists continue to search for of Vesuvius ways to guard us against nature's To order, call 1-800-949-8670. See why new geological evidence fury. 3-video set includes The Day DEADLY SHADOW suggests that the Earth Shook, Tornado!, and In Mention "NOVA 25" to receive OF VESUVIUS Mount Vesuvius the Path of a Killer Volcano. 3 hrs. your 50% off discount! infamous for the WG165 $49:96 $24.95 demise of ancient Pompeiimay pose The Day the Earth Shook Bonus! 25% off the NOVA a new threat to the Does a devastating earthquake lurk contemporary city beneath Los Angeles? Have we 25th anniversary book. of Pozzouli. 1 hr. learned any lessons from the past? This commemorative companion book to the WG2515 $1945 Watch terrifying scenes from Kobe, award-winning series celebrates 25 years of $9.95 Available 11/98. Japan, and Northridge, California scientific discoveries in the fields of space and find out how new warning and exploration, genetics, computer science, rescue technology could protect us neuroscience and the environment as if it's put into place in time. 1 hr. documented on the hugely popular PBS WG2302 $19.95 $9.95 series. (r x 9", cloth cover, 256 pages, black & white photos) WG546 $2446 $18.50 Available 11/98. 44 NOVA videos are closed-captioned for the hearing impaired. Individual videos, not including shipping and handling; this offer good through June 30,1999. ',7Tr32*E72, Tornado! Warnings From Iceman rmil Mysterious Travel with "stormchasers" as they the Ice NOVA covers the international Mummies of China view the awesome power of torna- efforts to unlock the secrets behind Battle extreme weather conditions Perfectly preserved 3000-year-old does sweeping across the and and the mummified body of a man who in Antarctica with NOVA scientists mummies have been unearthed in seek to understand how they are lived over 5,000 years ago, discov- as they gather data that will reveal a remote Chinese desert, but they created. 1 hr. WG1217 649.46 ered in the Alps by two German new insight into the nature of glob- have long, blonde hair and blue $9.95 hikers. Educational Use Only. 1 hr. al climate change. 1 hr. WG2508 eyes. New evidence of the lost civi- W61916' $4-946- $9.95 In the Path of a Killer $-1-946- $9.95 lization of the Tocharians along the Volcano! In Search of Human Silk Road offers more clues to this The Philippines' Mount Pinatubo is Culture and Origins Gift Set mystery from the past. about to blow big. Is there enough The award-winning exploration of 1 hr. WG2502 $40.96- $9.95 time to evacuate the hundreds of Exploration the beginnings and expansion of the Nazi Designers of Death human race. 3-video set includes thousands in its raging path? Stay The discovery of top-secret Nazi The Story of Lucy, Surviving in Africa with the scientists who remain I Ice Mummies files reopens a painful chapter in and The Creative Revolution. 3 hrs. behind-and see some astonishing Gift Set history, revealing the careful plan- WGW2111 $4846 $24.95 footage of the world's largest vol- Witness fascinating accounts of ning behind the Nazi death camps. canic eruption in 80 years. 1 hr. cutting-edge science'and archaeol- The Story of Lucy Educational Use Only. 1 hr. WG2005 440106- $9.95 ogy delving into the mysteries of Dikoverthe missing link between WG2205* 64-946- $9.95 frozen human remains. 3-videb set Nature's Fury Gift Set htimanS and apes. 1 hr.VIIGW2106 includes Frozen in Heaven, Siberian Nomads of the Witness the t49ve6" $9.95. Ice Maiden and Return of the Rainforest awesome Iceman. 3 hrs. WG2525 $4046 Visit the unique tribe of the Waironi power of Surliving in Africa. $24.95 Available 11/98. Witness a living experinierilto'-:, Indians in eastern Ecuador. 1 hr. nature and understand how early humans WG1112' $44106- $9.95 then travel RIM Frozen in Heaven thrived. 1 hr. WGW2107 $4406 with the r171 The Perfect Pearl The bizarre and fascinating story of $9.95 "stormchasers" the remains of Inca culture, Travel with NOVA to exotic locations into danger in frozen for posterity high in the The Creative Revolution where rare pearls are harvested by an effort to mountains of the Andes. 1 hr. Examine the world-wide expansion divers, and to farms where huge better under- WG2516449106- $9.95 and evolution of the human race. numbers of pearls are grown. Will stand and predict these extraordi- Available 11/98. 1 hr. WGW2108 4649106- $9.95 the cultured pearls ruin the value nary cataclysms. 3-video set of those grown in the wild? 1 hr. includes Hurricane!, Lightning! and MI Siberian Ice In Search of the First WG2507N 464446- $9.95 Killer Quake!. 3 hrs. WG027 Maiden Language Available 12/98. 64046 $24.95 Mummified and then frozen by NOVA explores the common threads freak climactic conditions around that link the more than 5,000 lan- rfri Search for the Hurricanel 2400 years ago, the Siberian Ice guages of Earth, including a contro- Lost Cave People Witness nature's fury as hurricanes Lady is believed to have been a versial theory that claims to recon- Discover a lost civilization that Camille and Gilbert crash onto the shamaness of the lost Pazyryk struct words from a time when only inhabited caves high on the isolated Gulf coast. 1hr. WG1616 $4-8T06 culture. Her body has now been a handful of languages were spo- cliffs of Southern Mexico nearly $9.95 restored, and is providing new clues ken, recalling the biblical story of 1,000 years ago. The tantalizing Lightning! as to the role and power of women the Tower of Babel. Educational Use clues, including graphic evidence of ritual child sacrifice and a sophis- Join an adventurous investigation in the nomadic peoples of ancient Only. 1 hr. WG2120' $4946 ticated writing system, shed new into the source of lightning, nature's Siberia. 1 hr. WG2517 $45196 $9.95 light on this mysterious people, the most dazzling and dangerous $9.95 Available 11/98. Lost City of Arabia Zoqui, who may have been precur- display, and take a front seat for Return of the The secrets of Ubar, ancient city of sors of the Mayans. 1 hr. WG2507 nature's electrifying light show set Iceman mystery from the Arabian Nights 14-91.96 $9.95 to music. 1 hr. WGA2213 $.1-0186 Cutting-edge science and archaeol- which vanished in the shifting $9.95 ogy is reconstructing the life and desert sands, are revealed as The Tribe That Time Killer Quake! culture of The Iceman-the five archaeology and space-age intelli- Forgot NOVA travels deep into the Amazon Relive the LA. earthquake, and thousand year-old frozen corpse gence team up. Educational Use wilderness in search of a mysterious preview what it portends for found buried in the ice of the Alps. Only. 1 hr. W62312' $4-9106 tribe that dismembered and partially California's future... 1 hr. WG2116 1 hr. WG2518 $4-9796- $9.95 $9.95 $19796- $9.95 Available 11/98. ate three prospectors in 1976. Locating the group, NOVA lives with them for three months, gaining 3EST COPY AVAILABLE insight into the customs and beliefs of a people whose lifestyle has not changed for centuries. Educational 45 Use Only. 1 hr. WG2115 49:95 $9.95 Culture and Exploration, continued Stonehenge The Light Stuff Watch a band of experts move, raise, Space and Reliving a Greek myth takes an Vikings in America and cap a structure like the mysteri- effort of mythic proportions, Five hundred years before ous Stonehenge-armed with Stone Flight as NOVA revealt in its behind-the- Columbus, the Vikings reached Age tools. 1 hr. WG2403 $4846 Countdown to the scenes report of the recent human- North America. Who were the peo- $9.95 powered flight across the Aegean ple they met here? What happened Invisible Universe Infrared telescopes unveil the outer Sea. Educational Use Only. 1 hr. when the two worlds collided? Pyramid WGW711' $4445- $9.95 regions of space. 1 hr. WG1401 Archaeologists are now revealing Join the race to erect an 18-foot $44,966 $9.95 an extraordinary story of tragedy stone pyramid in three weeks-while Mysterious Crash of and triumph. Educational Use Only. testing out some clever construc- Danger in the Jet Stream Flight 201 1 hr. WG2202. $4846- $9.95 tion theories. 1 hr. WG181 $4946 Climb aboard and experience the The investigation of a mysterious jetliner crash in Panama. 1 hr. Warriors of the Amazon $9.95 exhilaration-and the terror-of trying to fly a balloon around the WGW707 $4446- $9.95 See a rare glimpse of life today for Super Bridge world. 1 hr. WG2419. $4446 the Yanomami, who live in a remote Take a look at The Mystery of Space Set $9.95 Travel into space to uncover the and inhospitable part of the SUPER BRIDGE the bridge of the Amazon rain forest. 1 hr. WG2309 future" and play The Doomsday Asteroid mysteries and wonders of our $4946- $9.95 sidewalk supervi- Join the hunt to scan the skies and galaxy. 3-video set includes Death sor on one of the earth for evidence that giant rocks of a Star, Eclipse of the Century and Wonders of world's most from outer space have struck before Rescue Mission in Space. 3 hrs. remarkable and and will strike again. Educational WG162 $4045 $24.95 the Worl risky bridge pro- Use Only. 1 hr. WGD2212" $1946 Death of a Star NOVA jects-the building $9.95 Witness one of the most spectacular A:Man, Arlin, A Camd, of the elegant, events since creation-the superno- Panama - ''cable- stayed Clark Bridge spanning Faster Than Sound va. 1 hr. WG1411$4946- $9.95 Travel the Panama Canal on a luxd7 the:Mississippi at Alton, Illinois. 2 The international race to build an ry liner with David McCullough ail; hrs $4846 $9.95 aircraft that could crack the sound Edipse of the Century he tells the human drama behind barrier was fraught with danger, Tibia Old Pyramid The race to view and study celestial this wonder of the world:1 hr. ambition, and intrigue. NOVA tells splendor. 1 hr. WG1910 $4446 Join an Egyptologist as he reveals WG1415. 544:95- $9.95 , the real story of those who risked all $9.95 theseqets of the ancient pyramids to make aviation history-including Secrets of Lost Empires and ad vises a stonemason from This Chuck Yeager, who on October 14, Rescue Mission in Space Gift Set Old House on how.. to build a new 1947 was the first pilot to fly faster Witness the dramatic space repair Uncover the secrets of ancient civi- pyramid. 90 mins. WI3W172.78 than sound. 1 hr. WG2412 $443,06 of the Hubble Telescope and view lizations as NOVA journeys to five $4846 $9.95 $9.95 the stunning images of space that it archaeological sites where teams of Titanic's Lost Sister now produces. 1 hr. WG2118 experts use traditional techniques Flying the Blimp $40196- $9.95 Titanic's sister to test their hypotheses. 5-video set Revisit the giant airships that ruled ship is surrounded includes Colosseum, Inca, Obelisk, the skies7before the Hindenburg Mg Supersonic Spies by mystery. This true tale of Stonehenge and Pyramid. 5 hrs. disaster dashed their promise-and Search for the cold war espi- WG182 $.6846- $34.95 find out how latter-day blimp wreck of the builders are resurrecting these onage tells the Colosseum Britannic and romantic lighter-than-air machines. shocking details Try out two possible designs for the explore the clues 1 hr. WG1714 $441146- $9.95 of the race for canopy that once covered the as to how it sank. supersonic pas- Colosseum-one of them borrowed Four years after Hunt for Alien Worlds senger travel.1 from ancient ships. 1 hr. WG2406 the Titanic went All eyes are on the heavens in the hr. WG2503 $443196- $9.95 down, the Britannic sank in just one search for planets around other $44416 $9.95 hour, despite an overhaul to meet stars, probably the best hope for Inca post- Titanic standards. showing that we may not be alone Explore the magnificent mountain- 1 hr. W6240240846- $9.95 in the universe. NOVA covers an side citadels-and marvel as vil- effort that is turning up more and lagers create a 150-foot suspension Treasures of the more new worlds. Educational Use bridge using nothing but grass. 1 hr. Sunken City Only. 1 hr. WG2407* $4846 WG2404 48786- $9.95 It's an undersea adventure in $9.95 Cleopatra's erstwhile capital: Obelisk Alexandria, Egypt, where marine Face the challenge of quarrying, archaeologists are frantically chiseling, hauling, and mounting an salvaging mysterious stone ruins obelisk-using stones, ropes, logs, from the harbor floor 1 hr and dirt1 hr WG2405 $4045 WG2417 f4945. $9.95 $9.95 46 1-800-949-8670

II MrifE Terror in Space WOO* Wanted: Butch and Witness the harrowing and life- Sundance Teachers threatening problems aboard the Dejealies Forensic sleuth, Clyde Snow, and aging Mir space station through a posse of experts travel to Bolivia getNOVA the eyes of the Russian and The Best Mind Since in search of the remains of Butch American astronauts who lived EmStem Cassidy and the Sundance Kid. They off! through,thern. Educational Use A 'profile ofthe late,Richard find that Hollywood and legend got 50% received by 6130/99 Only. 1 hr." WG2513.$19.95 Feynman-atomic bbmb pioneer, a few things wrong. Educational Use on orders $9.95 Available 10/98. Nobel prize-winning physicist, Only. 1 hr. WGW702*$14:46 $9.95 Three Men and a Balloon acclaimed teacher and all-around eccentric-who helped solve the Creatures of the Sea Set For a few diehard daredevils, it's mystery of the space shuttle Experience the undersea beauty of "the last great challenge in avia- Am ma s the Pacific Ocean. 2-video set Challenger explosion. Educational tion": to fly a balloon non-stop Use Only. 1 hr. WGW708" $4-9,96 includes Treasures of the Great around the world-simply because an ye &bare Barrier Reefand Kingdom of the $9.95 . 7 it's never been done before. Follow All-AmeriCan Bear Seahorse. 2 hrs. WG738 $28r96 one of the foremost teams in a hair- Can Buildings Make Share a year in the life of the North $14.95 raising race against time, technolo- You Sick? American blad bear-mating, play- Treasures of the Great gy, and hot competition. 1 hr. Join thequett:iii:iiricoxer baffling ing, foraging for food, and hibernat- Barrier Reef W62313 $49:85 $9.95 cases of bad, irfound 1n offices, ing. 1 hr. WG1520' $1846 Swim through a day in the life of The Thrill of Flight Set schools; fidiriesar4evenImsPitals! $9.95 tilticatio*OseGn11).;),, Australia's greatest natural wonder, A rare opportunity to fly in some !WG2217,t4;489$4.95 MI Animal Hospital and view the undersea world's the world's most fascinatirig*rz-.. - Go behind the brilliant colors and extraordinary planes. 3-video sefinet4i'es'Afeiaft Chip vs. the Chessmaster ANIMAL scenes for this off- inhabitants. 1 hr. WG2215 $1-9196 Carrier!, Daredevils die the Sky and NOVA explores what it took to HOSPITALbeat, sometimes $9.95 8- 29 FrOzen in Time. 3 hrs. WG163 prepare Deep Thought, a computer humorous, some- Kingdom of the Seahorse $4945$24.9 5 chess program, to take on world times sad portrait Discover this remarkable fish whose champion Gary Kasparov in 1989. of pets, their own- Aircraft Carrier! male becomes pregnant and gives Educational Use Only. 1 hr. ers and their vets. The grueling, yet suddenly thrilling, birth. Tour the magical and complex WG1803* $49,94- $9.95 From racehorses life aboard the USS Independence. world of the seahorse-from an under the knife 1 hr. WGW2110 49796- $9.95 Codebreakers under-water enclave in Australia to for cancer, to NOVA delves into the history of a village in the Philippines depen- Daredevils of the Sky Manhattan hounds on Prozac, you'll secret communications and the dent on the seahorse for survival. Strap in for a ride with America's view the mini-dramas that unfold people who decipher them, probing 1 hr. WG2410 $.1-9186- $9.95 greatest stunt pilots. Stunning in-air everyday in homes, zoos and the most celebrated of all crypto- photography puts you in the pilot's veterinary hospitals. 1 hr. WG2504 graphic coups: the breaking of the Dinosaur Hunt Gift Set seat with the U.S. Aerobatic Team. $4946- $9.95 Of all the crea- World War II codes used by Japan 1 hr. WGW2103 $19T955 $9.95 tures that ever and Germany. Educational Use Only. Animal Imposters walked the B-29 Frozen in Time 1 hr. WGW2101. $4-979-5- $9.95 A gnarled twig. A stretch of sand. earth, none Join a grueling expedition to recover A shadow. Suddenly they twitch-or Einstein Revealed captures the this rare plane from the North Pole lunge-and you realize you've been Journey into the human imagi- after 50 years-a trip which tests EINSTEIN taken in by a cleverly disguised ani- life and thoughts nation like the team members in ways they never REVEALED mal. 1 hr. WG909" $10.06 $9.95 of a genius- dinosaur. See imagined. 1 hr. WG2303 $19.05 through interviews scientists offer $9.95 Buried in Ash with "Einstein" Learn what life was like ten million important clues to the mystery of Top Gun Over Moscow (Andrew Sachs of years ago when an enormous vol- the evolution of life. 3-video set For half a century we feared them. Fowlty Towers), canic eruption buried much of what includes Curse of T. rex, Case of the Now, for the first time, meet the insight from is now Nebraska in up to ten feet of Hying Dinosaur and T rex Exposed. rugged pilots of the Russian Air experts, and some ash, preserving countless skeletons 3 hrs. WG737 $39:05 - $19.95 whimsical computer animation. Force-and take a close-up look at of prehistoric big game animals. Curse of T. rex the heart-stoppirig maneuvers that 2 hrs. WG2311* $44):95- $9.95 1 hr. WG2117" $19,965 $9.95 An unusual battle is brewing: Who still fill Western flyers with awe. gets to keep "Sue," a magnificent 1 hr. WG2315 $19.95 $9.95 riMil The Proof City of Coral Dive into the beauty and wonder million-dollar T. rex that turned up Eureka! Follow Princeton math whiz Venus Unveiled of a Caribbean coral reef. 1 hr. on a South Dakota ranch? Everyone Andrew Wiles, who spent eight Travel with the spacecraft Magellan WG1006' $19.95 $9.95 wants a piece of her, from the tribal secluded years perfecting the proof as it flies by Venus to reveal the council to the fossil dealers to the of Fermat's Last Theorem, a famous planet's true face, one of the most scientists. Head out west and join enigma that had stumped experts bizarre places in the solar system. the investigation in this tale of fossil for 300 years. EducptictRol Use Only. Educational Use Only. 1 hr. crime and punishment. 1 hr. 1 hr. WG2414*S.1829.6-1 $9.95 WGV2210*.$4-8,96- $9.95 47 WG2408 $4-946- $9.95 BEST COPY AVAILABLE Animals and Nature, continued Mammoths of the Bomb Squad Ice Age A former IRA member reveals some Case of the Flying Teachers Watch scientists piece together a of the organization's most chilling Dinosaur picture of the life our ancestors tactics as NOVA looks at the British Explore the link between dinosaurs getNOVA shared with the woolly mammoth. Army's latest technological and birds, and tune in to the fierce Educational Use Only. 1 hr. advances-in which science and debate-about whether dinosaurs W62201. $4-9T95 $9.95 SO%off! ingenuity are the key to survival. are truly extinct-that continues to on ordersreceived by 6/30/99 1 hr. WG2413 $4-900.5 $9.95 captivate no matter how you Mystery of the Animal choose to draw the family tree. 1 hr. Pathfinders Fast Cars WG1805 $44:95 $9.95 Travel to bird feeding grounds in Shark Attack! The exhilaration of speed meets the Are sharks developing a taste for challenges of aerodynamic design T. rex Exposed Brazil, bat caves in Mexico and eel habitats in Maine to understand the human flesh? A rash of shark as champion driver Bobby Rahal and Go on a suspenseful dig in mystery of animal migration. attacks off Hawaii spurs a team of a team of experts race to ready his Montana, where a crew is carefully 1 hr. WGW710" 44646- $9.95 researchers to track the predators' custom car for the Indianapolis 500. uncovering one of the most com- elusive movements-and the 1 hr. WG2208449T85 $9.95 plete Tyrannosaurus rex specimens Night Creatures scientists discover some surprising Kaboom! ever found. 1 hr. WG1806 $4-945 of the Kalahari truths about the way sharks kill. Experience the ultimate chemical $9.95 Discover bush 1 hr. WG2316 $44:85 $9.95 NIGHT CREATURES reaction-the explosion. With high Dinosaurs of the Gobi OF THE KALAHARI babies, meerkats, striped polecats, speed photography and dramatic NOVA accompanies an American brown hyenas, reconstructions, NOVA examines the Museum of Natural History expedi- Physics. history of explosives and their role tion to the Gobi Desert. The trip flying termites, and many more rarely in accidents, war and terrorism. relives the exploits of the Museum's C en* seen exotic crea, 1 hr. WG2401 $4-9T96- $9.95 dashing explorer of the 1920s, Roy -tures r. Race tosCatehlt Chapman Andrews-said to be the Buckyball The KGB, the Computer real-life model for Indiana Jones. `,y,v62501 sa-9.45 Learn about the chance discovery and Me Educational Use Only. 1 hr. :$9,95 of an entirely new form of carbon- NOVA follows computer sleuth WGW2102. $19:95 $9.95 Clifford Stoll as he tracks down a The:Private LiVes,, soccer-ball-shaped miraculous data thief through a maze of Dolphins:,,; molecules called Buckyballs. The Great Wildlife Heisi . military and research computers. NOVA goes undercoverWiih.(1.: !'Discover the deep-sea drama of life Educational Use Only. 1 hr. 1 hr. WG1710" $4-9106- $9.95 government sting breaks for the ocean's most charming and WG2216' $.19185 $9.95 sophisticated mammals. 1 hr. international:Piirof smuggling ring, Roller Coaster! rmiLost at Sea: landing'Sorne surprising suspects. WG1917" $4946- $9.95 NOVA takes viewers on the ride of The Search for Longitude Editional Use Only. 1 hr. Rescuing Baby Whales their lives as it explores the science One of ANG2111" $44:965 $9.95 LOST AT SEA Join the dramatic rescue of young, of roller coasters, where physics and THE SEARCH FO.LDNG,P.IDE humankincrs4iio Haunted Cry of a stranded pilot whales, and learn psychology meet. New rides of the epicqussts,-naVi- what is behind this puzzling future may take place entirely in the ibatterill*Ond the Long Gone Bird 'sight-ofland-is NOVA explores the legacy of the phenomenon. 1 hr. WG1908. mind-with virtualreality. Educa- ''&1'etirated in the great auk, a magnificent flightless $4945 $9.95 tional Use Only. 1 hF. WGW706" story of John bird that was hunted to extinction $4946- $9.95' Shadow of the Condor Harrison, an over a century ago. Educational Use NOVA soars with the condor, an English clock- Only. 1 hr. WG2113" $44686 F extraordinary bird that lives a ,1rxiaker, and an adventurous expedi- $9.95 tenuous existence in the California eC tion demonstrating the life and Journey to Kilimanjaro mountains and the Andes of South °gif death importance of finding longi- Travel from an equatorial blizzard America. Educational Use Only. Behinikthe Stenes with tude at sea. 1 hr. WG2511 $4445 1 hr. WGW705" $4-9:96- $9.95 on Mount Kenya to the majestic Special $9.95 Available 10/98. crown of the mighty Kilimanjaro. The Shape of Things Educational Use Only. 1 hr. Marvel at the endlessly inventive Welcome to wild world of spe- WGW2104. $4-9795 $9.95 patterns of natural objects like cial effects, where anything can Little Creatures crystals, honeycombs, seashells, happen! NOVA takes you behind the Who Run the World eggs and seeds through photomi- scenes as effects experts bring a croscopy, computer animation and legend to life in this exclusive look Peer close-up into the worlds of the time-lapse photography. 1 hr. at how King Kong was created for most amazing ants and understand WG1206. $4-9:96- $9.95 the Oscar®- nominated IMAX film why some believe ants are the most Special Effects. 1 hr. WG093 successful life form on earth. 1 hr. $42T96 $6.50 WG2203 $446955 $9.95 BEST COPY AVAILABLE 48 -800-949-8670 The Science of Crime War Machines of Cut to the Heart The Odyssey of Life Set Gift Set Tomorrow Can a radical form of surgery from Travel with the creator of The Serial criminals Take a look back at the war technol- the jungles of Brazil save desperate- Miracle of Life into the mysterious wield a particular ogy employed in the Gulf War, ly ill heart-disease patients? Watch and previously invisible world inside brand of terror. "Desert Storm," and preview the this cutting-edge procedure in our bodies. The 3-video set includes Fortunately for us, military machines of the future. actionand listen to the stories of The Ultimate Journey, The Unknown scientific sleuths 1 hriWG2305 fr1-845 $9.95 those whose lives it has renewed. World and The Photographer's are on their trail. 1 hr. WG2409 $10.95 $9.95 Secrets. 3 hrs. WGB2317 $49,94 3-video set $24.95 includes The H.:011th:and Dr. Spock The Baby Doc Bombing of Witness an absorbing view of one of The Ultimate Journey America, Mind of a Serial Killer and tne0i, this century's most influential Stunning microphotography by Hunt for the Serial Arsonist 3 hrs. 'Afnericans and his profound impact Lennart Nilsson shows how the WG164 44846 $24.95 1 :TheBrain onxhanging ideas about child care. developing human embryo reveals Highly irifectious and incurable, :Educational! Use Only. 1 hr. links to other speciesreflecting °mad cow:; The Bombing of America has claimedtie:>-; WG2308',$4446- $9.95 a shared ancestry that harks back lives of nearly a million cattle in:q Follow investigators using the latest to the dawn of creation. 1 hr. forensic techniques and psychologi- Britain. Scientists race to determine Dying tiii Breathe WG2317 $44694- $9.95 cal insights to crack such notorious whether a variant of the disease NOVA covers vigil of three cases as the World Trade Center and spells a deadly epidemic for people with termi,nal lung:disease as The Unknown World the Unabomberas well as many humans. Educational Use Only. they await the rriOSt They're hiding in your closet. They're lesser-known, tragic incidents. 1 hr. WG2505" $4-945- $9.95 all organ transplantsa n'exkiIilifi lurking in your bed. They're all over 1 hr. WG2310 $4-9196- $9.95 Months of waiting end in a few duand now, thanks to the p Brain Transplant frenzied hours of intricate surgery. microphotography of Lennart NOVA follows a remarkable, little- Mind of a Serial Killer Educational Use Only. 1 hr. Nilssok you can catch these creepy Follow the FBI's psychological known, medical detective story, WGW704t$1945- $9.95 crawlers in the act, magnified detectiveS as they race against time leading from an inexplicable paraly- Ebola: The Plague to monster Size. 1 hr. WG2318 to penetrate the mind of a serial sis among drug abusers, to a bad $4-8196- $9.95 killerand stop him from striking batch of synthetic heroin, to a Fighters again. 1 hr. WG1912 $19,96 research breakthrough in under- The Ebola virus and its devastating The PhotOgrapher's $9.95 standing Parkinson's Disease, to the impact is profiled as NOVA travels Secrets prospect of curing brain diseases behind the quarantine line to For the first time ever, Lennart Hunt for the Serial with fetal implants. Educational Use observe the scientists battling to Nilssonthe photographer who led Arsonist Only. 1 hr. WG1918" $.19.84 contain this most deadly of viruses. us into the awe-inspiring world of TrailialonTwithifire,sleuths as they $9.95 1 hr. WG2304 $4-945- $9.95 the wombreveals his secret dikoV&: the mysterious source of a Can China Life's First Feelings state-of-the-art microphoto- series of LA. store fires, and capture graphic techniques. 1 hr. WG2319 a surprising suspect filmed by Kick the Habit? Look close-up with researchers to $49455 $9.95 NOVA. 1 hr. WGA2214 $4979.5 NOVA visits the most cigarette- understand babies' emotional $9.95 addicted nation in the world responses, clues about developing The Miracle of Life China. Western advertising and personality traits and how parents This Emmy® award-winning classic Secrets of Making Money trading practices have exacerbated help with socialization. 1 hr. brings you along on an incredible Learn the secrets of counterfeiting the fatal problem where lung can- WG9304* $49,86- $9.95 microphotographic voyage through made easier by today's technology cer cases are beginning to strain MD: The Making the human body as a new life and find out what the Feds are the nation's health care system. begins, including the moment of doing to fight back: a new look for Educational Use Only. 1 hr. of a Doctor conception. 1 hr. WG001 $44r96 US currency, with layers of security WGW2109* $4446- $9.95 Check up on seven aspiring doctors $9.95 features to keep counterfeiters at as they undergo the exhilarating bay. 1 hr. WG2314" $444,86 Coma and rigorous years of medical Mystery of the Senses $9.95 In a gripping training. 2 hrs. WG2207 $10.06 Gift Set real-life drama, $9.95 Enjoy a celebra- Terror in the Minefields NOVA follows tion of the Investigate the terror and tragedy The Wonder of Life famous neuro- senses a vivid of Cambodia's deadly legacy of surgeon Jam Gift Set blend of science minefields. 1 hr. WG2301 $4-9496 Hidden from the human eye, the Ghajar as he and imagery. $9.95 wonder of life unfolds in, on and struggles to save 5-part series a young boy with around us with startling beauty and includes unexpected drama. 4-video set massive head Hearing, Smell, includes The Odyssey of Life Set (The trauma, using simple but crucial Taste, Touch and techniques that are dangerously Ultimate Journey, The Unknown Vision. 5 hrs. WG2214t $6946 absent from most hospitals across World, The Photographer's Secrets) $34.95 the country. 1 hr. WG2411 and The Miracle of Life. 4 hrs. $49:94- $9.95 WG177 $69:96 $29.95

49 BEST COPY AVAILAOLL Health and Wellness, continued rrITI The Truth About Teachers Dinosaurs Impotence Join scientists in a dig for clues Hearing about the world of dinosaurs. NOVA offers a revealing look at Visit the quietest place on earth, get NOVA 3-video set includes Buried in Ash, the music-rich Maori and a deaf erectile dysfunction: its causes, its Dinosaurs of the Gobi, and woman regaining her hearing. life-shattering effects, and the Mammoths of the Ice Age. Teacher's 1 hr. W62209* $19.95 $9.95 amazing progress science has made 50% off! guide included. Educational Use in treating it over the last 20 years. received by 6130;99 on orders Only. 3 hrs. on 3 cassettes. W6094 Smell 1 hr. WG2510 $19.96 $9.95 Sample a huge spectrum.of smells, $49,96 $24.95 The Universe Within from the world's largest perfumery UFOs Set The Discoverers to sweaty t-shirts. 1 hr. WG2210* Travel inside the human body, with Is there life out in the universe? Are Take a close look at the century's microphotography and computer $4.9796- $9.95 there aliens hovering above or even great scientists and learn how they animation achieved by the creators mixing among us? Our fascination made their breakthrough discover- Taste of The Miracle of Life. Witness the with this fundamental question ies. Includes Einstein Revealed Savor the miracle of great cookiii miracle of pregnancy, the travels of never ends. 2-video set includes (2hrs.) and Race to Catch a and eating. 1 hr. WG2211* $4946; a P1310 sandwich, and the amazing Kidnapped by UFOs and UFO's:Are Buckyball. Teacher's guide included. $9.95 mechanism of movement. 1 hr. We Alone?. 2 hrs. W6082 $20.06 Educational Use Only. 3 hrs. on 2 WG2206 $4-9.96 $9.95 Touch $14.95 cassettes. WG106 $49.05 $24.95 Alsaavarlable, 90-min. educational Discover how touching is a potent use on4piersiahAN62206A tonic. 1 hr. WG2212* $10.95 Kidnapped by UFOs Discovering Ancient $10.05 $9.95 Delve into this remarkable phenom- Cultures enon, hear eyewitness accounts and What's New Science provides new clues about Vision learn what lies behind the incredible Menopause- some of the world's most interest- Explore how art and science claims of UFO abductions. ing ancient cultures. Includes This Examine new reSearCti arid.MediCA enhance this, our most magical 1 hr. WG230614946- $9.95 Old Pyramid (90 min.), Vikings in capabilities that stir. ,Wektiical. sense. 1 hr. WG22135$.1-91.96 America, and Warriors of the controversies over tKeneWalii:lifY 'UFOs: Are We Alone? $9.95 Amazon. Teacher's guide included. to postpone menopause oe.bear. Using rare UFO footage, NOVA Educational Use Only. 3.5 hrs. on 3 Secret of the Wild Child children after "the change." investigates the claims of sightings. cassettes. WG092 $49,96 NOVA profiles "Genie," a girl whose 1 hr. W6211449,06- $9.95 1 hr. WOW...262 $49:96- $9.95 $24.95 parents kept her imprisoned in near total isolation from infancy. Includes lained The Doctors footage of Genie during her rehabili- See how doctors operate behind the tation and probes how and when P enomena assroom scenes. Grades 7 and up. Includes we learn the skills that make us MD: The Making of a Doctor (2 hrs.) "human." Educational Use Only. Anasta.sia'Dead or and Ebola: The Plague Fighters. 1 hr. W62112'10444.6- $9.95 Mika Teacher's guide included. 3 hrs. on 2 AmazingArihrirris Siamese Twins Investigate the massacre of Tsar cassettes. WG104 $49.96 $24.95 Nicholas and his faMily, and evalu- Meet some extraordinary animals Witness the intricate plans and deli- ate whether modern science has around the world-from bugs to The Earth cate operations that give indepen- resolved the mystery surrounding bats and more. Includes All- Take a close-up look at some of dence to two young girls who were Princess Anastasia. 1 hr. WGA2209 American Bear, Little Creatures Who Earth's most spectacular phenome- born joined at the pelvis. 1 hr. $14:96 $9.95 Run the World and Mystery of the na. Includes In the Path of a Killer W62204" $49:96- $9.95 Animal Pathfinders. Teacher's guide Volcano, The Day the Earth Shook The Bermuda mangle Stranger in the Mirror included. 3 hrs. on 3 cassettes. and Flood!. Teacher's guide includ- Join this investigation of the W6089 $49.06 $24.95 ed. 3 hrs. on 3 cassettes. WG110 NOVA explores the nature of human mysterious watery graveyard in $49,06 $24.95 perception through the puzzling the Atlantic. 1 hr. WGW264 Creatures of the Sea condition called visual agnosia, the Dive deep for an underwater visit 61-9,96- $9.95 KY.8. inability to recognize faces and with the ocean's most fascinating familiar objects, made famous in Secrets of the Psychics creatures. Includes Shark Attack!, Oliver Sacks' book, The Man Who Are some of us born with mysteri- Private Lives of Dolphins and Mistook His. Wife fora Hat. Educa- ous powers-able to move objects Treasures of the Great Barrier Reef. tional Use Only. 1 hr. WG709' at will, read a person's thoughts, Teacher's guide included. 3 hrs. on $49:36- $9.95 even cure physical ailments with 3 cassettes. WG091 $49,96 the power of the mind? Follow $24.95 master magician James Randi as he uncovers the secrets about psychics 1 hr WGW703 $4-9,96 $9.95

50 I BEST COPY AVAILAd;.: 1" "'49-8670 Exploring Space The Mysteries of the Zoom into outer space and view Mind the universe from new perspectives. Explore the intriguing phenomena Includes Countdown to the Invisible of perception, psychological devel- Universe, Death of a Starand opment, and reports of alien abduc- Phone Shipping!. Rescue Mission in Space. Teacher's tions. Kidnapped by UFOs, Secret Call 1-800-949-8670, and Videos will arrive within two.. mention "NOVA 25" for your guide included. 3 hrs. on 3 cas- of the Wild Child, and Stranger in weeks from date of order if: special 500/a off discount* (8 AM settes. WG107 $49,96 $24.95 the Mirror. Teacher's guide included. items are in stock. Back-ordered to 3 AM, EST, 7 days a week). items take 4-6 weeks. Shipping Educational Use Only. 3 hrs. on 3 Fast Physics Please have your American and handling charges for videds'" cassettes. WG105 $4919.6 $24.95 Understand the thrill and power of Express, VISA, MasterCard or sent to the same addresS:.$3'.95 motion. Includes Roller Coaster!, The Planets, The Stars Discover card ready. for the first video and $1.00 foe Fast Cars and Daredevils of the Sky. and More offer good through 6130199 each additional video; $6.95 for the first Classroom Field Trip:and:: Teachers guide included. Educa- Visit some of the most extraordi- Fax $2 00 for eachadditional tional Use Only. 3 hrs. on 3 cas- Fax your order with credit card nary places in the universe. Includes Trip. Rush and overnight deliVery settes. WG086 $49796 $24.95 payment or purchase order to: Venus Unveiled, Eclipse of the can be arranged at anadditiOnal Dept: NOVA 25 Century and Doomsday Asteroid. charge. Sales tax applies on NY, 1-802-864-9846 Teacher's guide included. Educa- CA, MA (5%) and VT (5%) orders. tional Use Only. 3 hrs. on 3 cas- Mail Your purchase helps support public' settes. WG087 44046 $24.95 Mail your order with credit card television. Scientific Detectives payment or purchase order to: NOVA Videos/NOVA25 NOVA videos are,closed-captioned Team up with scientists as they PO Box 2284-NOVA 25 for the hearing impaired. search for answers to intriguing South Burlington, VT Visit US at wtVir.ivObh.cirg mysteries. Includes Codebreakers, 05407-2284 Hunt for the Serial Arsonist and Flight In Search of the First Language. Feel the exuberance and the thrill Teacher's guide included. Educa- of flightin a classic plane, fast tional Use Only. 3 hrs. on 3 cas- Our Ancestors! planes, and a balloon. Includes Top settes. WG090 14946- $24.95 NMIA Solve the puzzle of the "missing Gun Over Moscow, Three Men and a Secrets of Lost Empires link" between humans and apes, Balloon and Aircraft Carrier!. e*ii Travel to five archaeological sites then be an anthropologist with the Teacher's guide included. 3 hrs. on 3 Skilcraft skeleton model and guide cassettes. WG111 $4946 $24.95 with NOVA and their teamspf' ;Its experts. The rpissioh?,To replicate included in the set. Includes The The Human Body ancienfei6inerin6:fe6ls using Story of Lucy. 1 hr. WG9106 The intricate wonders of the human traditiOnal tools. Includes Look'close-up at the world's most $444796- $9.95 body are revealed in extraordinary Stonehenge,. Inca, Obelisk intriguing ants, then be a natural- ist with the Uncle Milton's Ant visual detail. Includes The Miracle,. osseam an . rar7d.Teacher s of Life, The Universe Within aricl:ke duide,iritlUdid. 5 his. on 5 cas- Farm and guide included in the set. Ultimate Journey. lleacher!sguide 'Settes. WG304 $49,96 $34.95 Includes Little Creatures who Run included. 3 hrs: op cassettes. the World. 1 hr. WG9203 1649:96 WG085 $4946,$24.95 Wild Weather $9.95 Join "stormchasers" on a journey into danger to learn how to tame Flying! NOVq nature's fury. Includes Lightning!, Take a thrilling ride with America's best stunt pilots, then be a pilot Pyramid! . Tornado! and Hurricane!. Teacher's guide included. 3 hrs. on 3 cas- with the three Whitewings stunt Explore the mysteries of the ancient settes. WG088 449:95 $24.95 airplanes and guide included in the pyramids of Egypt, then set. Includes Daredevils of the Sky. be an Egyptologist with the 3-D NOVA 1 hr. WG9103 49:86- $9.95 pyramid puzzle and guide included in the set. Includes This Old t Pyramid. 90 min. WG9278 a 4 are In Search of Human _ 4;846 $9.95 Origins View the award-winning exploration of the beginnings and development of the human race. Includes The Story of Lucy, Surviving in Africa and The Creative Revolution. Teacher's guide included. 3 hrs. on 3 BEST COPYAVAILABLE cassettes. WG109 $4946 $24.95 51 generic packaging .4'public performance rights are not included Guides Curriculum Consultants Permission is granted for reproduction To be placed on our mailing list to Reen Gibb, Science Department, of this printed material by schools receive a free subscription to the Brookline Public Schools and libraries for educational use only. semiannual NOVA Teacher's Guide, send Joseph E. Jordan, Science Department, All other rights reserved. Other than us a note with your name, address, and Weston Public Schools as discussed above, no part of the Hollington Lee, Science Department, the grades and subjects you teach to: NOVA Teacher's Guide may be repro- Cambridge Rindge and Latin School NOVA Teacher's Guide duced, stored in a retneval system, or WGBH, 125 Western Avenue Maxine Rosenberg, Science transmitted in any form or by any Department, Newton Public Schools Boston, MA 02134 means, electronic, mechanical, photo- E-mail: Activity Consultant copying, recording, or otherwise, WGBH_Materials_Request®wgbh.org Jimmy Karlan, Environment Studies, without the pnor wntten permission Antioch New England Graduate School of the WGBH Educational Foundation, Transcripts Designers 125 Western Avenue, Boston, MA Full transcripts of NOVA programs Tong-Mei Chan, Margaret Jeschke, 02134. airing after January 7, 1997, are Douglass Scott Closed captioned for viewers who are available on NOVAS Web site at: Photo Researchers http://www.pbs.org/nova/ deaf or hearing impaired. Lisa Abitbol, Deborah Paddock, transcripts Mark Zurolo Transcripts of shows airing before Illustrators Cover Photography that date are available for purchase by Steve Stankiewicz, Rose Zgodzinski 18th c map Giraudon/Art Resource, NY; calling (800) ALL-NEWS. John Harrison Science Museum/Science & Print Production Society Picture Library, London Mark Hoffman, Lenore Lanier Taping Rights Inside Photography Page 1-5 (background) NASA, page 6-7,10 AU new NOVA programs may be used The NOVA television series is produced (background) Guaudon/Art Resource, NY, page 6 for one year from their broadcast date. by WGBH Boston, which is solely (John Harrison) Science Museum/Science & (See Contents & Broadcast Schedule, Society Picture Library, London; page 11-12,15 responsible for its content, and distri- (background) NASA; page 11 (data buoy) NOAA, page 1, for any exceptions.) buted by the Public Broadcasting page 16-17,20 (background) NASA; page 16 Service. (Mir) NASA; page 21-22,25 (background) NBC/Globe Photos, page 21 (Rubber) °Disney Credits Enterprises, Inc., page 26-27,29 (background) The NOVA Teacher's Guide is produced Major funding for NOVA is provided by NOYOSTI Press Agency/Science Photo Library/ by the Educational Print and Outreach Photo Researchers, Inc; page 26 (Pompeii) Roger PARK Ressmeyer / °Corbis; page 30-34,36,38-39 department of the WGBH Educational FOUNDATION (background)01C1MHeacox/Peter Arnold, Inc; Foundation. page 30 (Sara Sara, Peru ) °Lest Clark/NOVA/ Nwestern WGBH; page 31 (tattoo) BBC 01997; page 32 Director of Educational Outreach MouturthalLifea (Iceman) °SYGMA, page 33 (X-ray) °SIU/Peter Beth Kirsch The Quiet Company' Arnold, Inc; (CAT scan) °Alfred Pasieka/Peter Arnold, Inc; (MRI) °Leonard Lessm/Peter Associate Director of Educational Print Arnold, Inc. and Outreach Karen Barss El Manager of Educational Print Sonja Latimore Copyright © 1998 WGBH Educational "IIs Project Director Foundation ' 1 1 Karen Hartley NOVA is a trademark and service mirk . 11 Associate Editor of the WGBH Educational Foundation. / I . Jennifer Lisle Excerpts from the Nationai Science Assistant Editor Education Standards reprinted with Amy Kittenplan-Hubbard permission from NSES. Copyright 1996 Writer by the National Academy of Sciences. Luann Colombo Available from the National Academy Press, 2104peititution Ave, N.W., I. I u,I WINNER Lockbox 285, Washington, DC 20055.

airAPIEXS7s MOM 1011 MILIZZOO 0=LLINN 52 1t

The Park Foundation is committed to education and quality television. We are pleased to be able to advance the work of NOVA, the preeminent television series in science education. As you know, through study of science, young people acquire skills, knowledge, andmost of allan intellectual curiosity.

The NOVA Teacher's Guide serves as an excellent supplement for your use. We are grateful to you for introducing students to the world of science.

Heartiest congratulations to NOVA on its 25th anniversary season.

FOUNDATIONPARK 53

$ NOVA Teacher's Guide Nonprofit Organization Boston,125 Western MA 02134 Avenue PermitBoston,PaidU.S. Postage No. MA 51738

' Celebrating NOVA's 25th Anniversary, page 2 I I iiirMiraTMEXYL11 Nil isMajor provided funding by FOUNDATION viLIK Theiviutualhorthwr Life stern :let Corn )anv a C)LSB-5T) U.S. Department of Education Office of Educational Research and Improvement (OERI) National Library of Education (NLE) Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC) REPRODUCTION RELEASE (Specific Document) I. DOCUMENT IDENTIFICATION: Title:th44 r4a. 199Y 7a7c_har,s ea

Author(s):k,)6 64 Corporate Source: cranie., Publication Date: /9k*

II. REPRODUCTION RELEASE: In order to disseminate as widely as possible timely and significant materials of interest to theeducational community, documents announced in the monthly abstract journal of the ERIC system, Resources in Education (RIE), are usually made available to usersin microfiche, reproduced paper copy, and electronic media, and sold through the ERIC Document Reproduction Service (EDRS). Creditis given to the source of each document, and, if reproduction release is granted, one of the following notices is affixed to the document.

If permission is granted to reproduce and disseminate the identified document, please CHECK ONE of the following three options and sign at the bottom of the page.

The sample stidor shown below will be The sample sticker shown below will be The sample sticker shown below will be affixed to all Level 1 documents affixed to all Level 2A documents affixed to all Level 28 documents PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL IN DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL IN DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS MICROFICHE, AND IN ELECTRONIC MEDIA MICROFICHE ONLY HAS BEEN GRANTED BY BEEN GRANTED BY ! FOR ERIC COLLECTION SUBSCRIBERS ONLY, HAS BEEN GRANTED BY \e

cat

TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) 2A 2B Level 2A Level 2B

Check here for Level 1 release, permitting reproduction Check here for Level 2A release, permitting reproduction Check here for Level 2B release, pemfitting and dissemination in miaofiche or other ERIC archival and dissemination in microfiche and In electronic media reproduction and dissemination in microfiche only media (e.g., electronic) and paper copy. for ERIC archival collection subscribers only

Documents will be processed as Indicated provided reproduction quality permits. If permission to reproduce is granted, but no box Is checked. documents will be processed at Level 1.

I hereby grant to the Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC) nonexclusive permission to reproduce anddisseminate this document as indicated above. Reproduction from the ERIC microfiche or electronic media by personsother than ERIC employees and its system contractors requires permission from the copyright holder. Exception is made for non-profit reproduction bylibraries and other service agencies to satisfy information needs of educators in response to discrete inquiries.

Sign Printed Name/Position/Title: here,-) JD/1T,4 L e7 i n l e a f-" e m i r 717 please 1F-P7-zi,379 Fe,7-ale-iiji/0 otogyvAden/ ViTres--s460Fai pDate:5-7-9--a.arc) adwi,ar(ra (over) III. DOCUMENT AVAILABILITY INFORMATION (FROM NON-ERIC SOURCE):

If permission to reproduce is not granted to ERIC, or, if you wish ERIC to cite the availability of the document from another source, please provide the following information regarding the availability of the document. (ERIC will not announce a document unless it is publicly available, and a dependable source can be specified. Contributors should also be aware that ERIC selection criteria are significantly more stringent for documents that cannot be made available through EDRS.)

Publisher/Distributor:

Address:

Price:

IV. REFERRAL OF ERIC TO COPYRIGHT/REPRODUCTION RIGHTS HOLDER:

If the right to grant this reproduction release is held by someone other than the addressee, please provide the appropriate name and address:

Name:

Address:

V. WHERE TO SEND THIS FORM:

Send this form to the following ERIC Clearinghouse:

However, if solicited by the ERIC Facility, or if making an unsolicited contribution to ERIC,return this form (and the document being contributed) to: ERIC/REC ERIC Proce and Refe Facility 2805 E. Tenth Street 1100 West nd Floor Smith Research Center,150 Lau aryland 207 8 Indiana University Bloomington, IN 474(18 Telephone: 301-497-4080 Toll Free: 800-799-3742 FAX: 301-953-0263 e-mail: [email protected] WWW: http://ericfac.piccard.csc.com

EFF-088 (Rev. 9/97) PREVIOUS VERSIONS OF THIS FORM ARE OBSOLETE.