DOCSLIB.ORG

U.S. Let Firm Sell Computers to Iraq

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
U.S. Let Firm Sell Computers to Iraq A8 TUESDAY, OcronER 27, 1992 . ,f TIIE WASIII U.S. Let Firm Sell Computers to Iraq By R. Jeffrey Smith or companies associated with" him. A met on several occasions in late 1988 Washington Post Staff Writer department spokesman said yester- and 1989 with an official of the State day, however, that this statement Department's defense trade office to The Commerce Department au- was meant to cover only shipments discuss various foreign arms projects thorized a Maryland firm to export of munitions, not items with either being pursued by Gerald Bull and af- computer equipment to Iraq in commercial or military use. filiated firms, including Space Re- 1989, well after company officials The documents indicate that the search Corp. of Maryland, according had informed the government of Sept. 22, 1989, export license was to a department official who asked their intention to help Iraq's mili- given to the Space Research Corp. not to be identified. tary program, according to govern- of Maryland Inc., a firm incorporat- Cowley and Ohley have told the ment documents and officials. ed by Gerald Bull's son, Michael House Banking Committee they spe- • The equipment was sent to a Bull. The company operated out of cifically informed the State Depart- state-owned automotive company in the offices of the Baltimore law firm ment of their intention to aid Iraq's Iraq, but House Banking Committee Hazel, Thomas, Fiske, Beckhorn & military program, according to the investigators said yesterday that Hanes, according to a lawyer there, committee investigator. But it is un- informants have told them Iraq di- D. Christopher Ohly. clear if they specifically mentioned :verted the equipment to a supergun Ohly said he was unaware of any the supergun or if any of their infor- 'project designed by arms builder military application for the comput- mation was passed to the Commerce Gerald Bull and meant to lob im- er equipment, which was licensed officials who reviewed the export li- mense projectiles at Israel. for use in Iraqi truck design. He censes for Space Research Corp. The documents are to be re- declined to comment further. "The Commerce Department has leased today at a Senate Banking Gerald Bull's own firm, the Space conducted and continues to conduct Committee hearing featuring a se- Research Corp. of Brussels, obtained an extensive investigation into al- ries of witnesses expected to crit- a separate Commerce Department legations of unlawful exports of icize U.S.-Iraqi ties before the Per- license in 1989 for the export of com- U.S. technology in Iraq. We are sian Gulf War. National security puter software meant for "analysis of precluded by statute, however, adviser Brent Scowcroft and former designs for . • .satellites, missiles." from discussing or commenting on - secretary of commerce Robert A. An investigator for the House Bank- any specific transaction," said Mosbacher were invited to testify ing Committee said he believes this spokeswoman Arlene Johnson. at the hearing, but do not intend to software, which was supposed to be Cowley, who resides in England, appear, committee officials said. used in Belgium, was diverted to Iraq could not be reached for comment, The documents show that the for use with the computer equipment but he has denied violating any laws. Commerce Department approved on the supergun design. Charges brought against him by the the export license after a special re- The investigator said he learned British government for illegal arms view by an interagency committee this from Christopher Cowley, a for- exports were later dropped. 'chaired by a State Department of- mer employee with Space Research The State Department had Corp., who told the British House of .sserted in February 1991, after Commons last January that he helped I ,Bull's involvement with the Iraqi su- supervise the Iraqi supergun project pergun was publicly revealed, that it for Gerald Bull. Cowley could not be did not approve "any exports to Iraq reached yesterday. .dif equipment or technology by Bull Michael Bull, Cowley and Ohley .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Iraq and Weapons of Mass Destruction
    1/9/2017 Iraq and Weapons of Mass Destruction home | about | documents | news | publications | FOIA | research | internships | search | donate | mailing list Iraq and Weapons of Mass Destruction National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 80 Updated ­ February 11, 2004 Edited by Jeffrey Richelson Originally posted December 20, 2002 Previously updated February 26, 2003 Documents ­ Press release ­ Further reading Between Iraq's invasion of Kuwait in August 1990, and the commencement of military ac绳on in January 1991, then President George H.W. Bush raised the specter of the Iraqi pursuit of nuclear weapons as one jus绳fica绳on for taking decisive ac绳on against Iraq. In the then‐classified Na绳onal Security Direc绳ve 54, signed on January 15, 1991, authorizing the use of force to expel Iraq from Kuwait, he iden绳fied Iraqi use of weapons of mass destruc绳on (WMD) against allied forces as an ac绳on that would lead the U.S. to seek the removal of Saddam Hussein from power. (Note 1) In the aermath of Iraq's defeat, the U.S.‐led U.N. coali绳on was able to compel Iraq to agree to an inspec绳on and monitoring regime, intended to insure that Iraq dismantled its WMD programs and did not take ac绳ons to recons绳tute them. The means of implemen绳ng the relevant U.N. resolu绳ons was the Special Commission on Iraq (UNSCOM). That inspec绳on regime con绳nued un绳l December 16, 1998 ‐ although it involved interrup绳ons, confronta绳ons, and Iraqi aꬫempts at denial and decep绳on ‐ when UNSCOM withdrew from Iraq in the face of Iraqi refusal to cooperate, and harassment. Subsequent to George W. Bush's assump绳on of the presidency in January 2001, the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • RICHARD M. BISSELL JR. PAPERS SUBJECT SERIES 1935 – 1994; Boxes 1 - 12
    RICHARD M. BISSELL JR. PAPERS SUBJECT SERIES 1935 – 1994; Boxes 1 - 12 SERIES DESCRIPTION Alphabetical Subseries: Boxes 1 - 5 Alphabetical/Intelligence Subseries: Boxes 6 - 12 CONTENT This series contains an alphabetical listing of subjects pertaining to Richard M. Bissell Jr.’s personal and professional lives. Included herein are files documenting his childhood, his personal life, his career at the Institute for Defense Analysis (IDA), his career at the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), organizations to which he belonged, individuals with whom he had personal and professional relationships, and other topics. Document types include correspondence, interviews, memoranda, newspaper clippings, reports, magazine articles and notes. This series contains the bulk of the information in this collection regarding the Central Intelligence Agency to be found in this collection. Further information relating to the Central Intelligence Agency may be found in the Correspondence Series, the Historic and Oversize Papers Series, the Interviews Series, the Oral History Interviews Series. Document copies marked “Original filed for safekeeping” were created by Bissell’s office staff who then filed the originals in what is now the Historic Papers, Oversize Objects and Clippings Series of this collection. As was his apparent practice, many of Bissell’s notes in this series are written on the reverse of University of Hartford budget documents as well as on unused letterhead. STRUCTURE This series arrived at the library divided into two alphabetized subseries; a collection of alphabetized subject files relating to various facets of Richard M. Bissell’s personal and professional lives from childhood to retirement, and a collection of alphabetized files related to matters of intelligence and intelligence gathering.
    [Show full text]
  • Policyfocus the Washington Institute for Near East Policy
    POLICYFOCUS THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY RESEARCH MEMORANDUM NUMBER FOURTEEN OCTOBER 1990 IRAQ'S ECONOMIC AND MILITARY VULNERABILITIES How VULNERABLE IS IRAQ'S ECONOMY ? How VULNERABLE IS IRAQ'S MILITARY? BY PATRICK CLAWSON BY W. SETH CARUS "Will sanctions against Iraq work?," is a Should diplomacy fail, the United States question too ambiguous to be useful. It leaves may be forced to fight a major war with Iraq to unasked such key problems as: What do we want free Kuwait and to provide for the long-term sanctions to accomplish? How would Iraq react security of Saudi Arabia and other allies in the if sanctions started to pinch? How much does region. Saddam Hussein care about what happens to Iraq's economy? If war breaks out, Iraq would be faced by a coalition of loosely allied military forces. Al- The reality is that a sanction-induced eco- though the United States is contributing the nomic crisis cannot be counted on to force largest and most powerful military contingent, it Saddam Hussein out of Kuwait, much less out of will be supplemented by units of varying degrees office. Sanctions are too unsure to hit the target of importance from a large number of other for them to be the sole arrow in the U.S. quiver. countries. In addition to the Saudi armed forces, Iraq has good prospects of surviving sanctions Argentina, Bangladesh, Canada, Egypt, France, through the end of 1991 by a combination of Morocco, Pakistan, Syria, and the United King- tightening consumers' belts plus loosening the dom have agreed to send combat formations.
    [Show full text]
  • Rise and Kill First: the Secret History of Israel's Targeted Assassinations
    All articles published in the Journal of Special Operations Medicine are protected by United States copyright law and may not be reproduced, distributed, transmitted, displayed, or otherwise published without the prior written permission of Breakaway Media, LLC. Contact [email protected]. Rise and Kill First The Secret History of Israel's Targeted Assassinations Bergman R. Rise and Kill First: The Secret History of Israel’s Targeted Assassinations. New York, NY: Random House; 2018. Hardcover: 784 pages. ISBN-10: 1400069718, ISBN-13: 978-1400069712. Review by COL (Ret) Warner “Rocky” D. Farr, MD, MPH his New York Times bestseller is the first definitive his- fully into focus, including the assassination of Gerald Bull, tory of the Mossad, Shin Bet, and the Israeli Defense Sadam Hussain’s large gun developer, killed in Belgium, and TForce’s targeted killing programs. The New York Times the killing of several Iranian nuclear scientists with motorcy- hailed it as “an exceptional work, a humane book about an cle bombs in Tehran. Israeli attack failures are also discussed, incendiary subject,” and it won the National as are the fairly common operational issue Jewish Book Award in History for 2018. Jen- of civilian casualties. Assassination methods nifer Szalai at The New York Times named it varied from AK-47s to poisoned toothpaste. one of the 10 best books of the year. It was Female agents seemed to have better timing of also named one of the best books of the year detonations used on moving vehicle targets. by The Economist, The New York Times Assassination targets varied from Palestin- Book Review, the BBC History Magazine, ians to ex-Nazi scientists developing rockets Mother Jones, and the Kirkus Reviews.
    [Show full text]
  • Comprehensive Report
    front cover_light box_volume black Comprehensive Report of the Special Advisor to the DCI on Iraq’s WMD With Addendums 30 September 2004 volume II of III Final Cut 8.5 X 11 with Full Bleed For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512-1800: DC area (202)512-1800 Fax: (202) 512-2250 Mail: Stop SSOP. Washington, DC 20402-00001 ISBN-13: 978-0-16-072488-6 / ISBN-10: 0-16-072488-0 (Vol. 1) ISBN-13: 978-0-16-072489-3 / ISBN-10: 0-16-072489-9 (Vol. 2) ISBN-13: 978-0-16-072490-9 / ISBN-10: 0-16-072490-2 (Vol. 3) ISBN-13: 978-0-16-072491-6 / ISBN-10: 0-16-072491-0 (Addendum) ISBN-13: 978-0-16-072492-3 / ISBN-10: 0-16-072492-9 (Set) Delivery Systems Still, I believe that the Arab nation has a right to ask: Delivery Systems thirty nine missiles? Who will fi re the Fortieth? Saddam Husayn This page intentionally left blank. Contents Key Findings............................................................................................................................................ 1 Evolution of Iraq’s Delivery Systems........................................................................................... 3 The Regime Strategy and WMD Timeline.......................................................................... 3 Ambition (1980-91) ............................................................................................................ 3 Decline (1991-96) ...............................................................................................................4
    [Show full text]
  • MADE MODERN Science and Technology in Canadian History
    MADE MODERN Science and Technology in Canadian History Edited by Edward Jones-Imhotep and Tina Adcock Sample Material © UBC Press 2018 Contents List of Figures and Tables / ix Acknowledgments / xi Introduction: Science, Technology, and the Modern in Canada / 3 EDWARD JONES-IMHOTEP and TINA ADCOCK Part 1: Bodies 1 Civilizing the Natives: Richard King and His Ethnographic Writings on Indigenous Northerners / 39 EFRAM SERA-SHRIAR 2 Scientist Tourist Sportsman Spy: Boundary-Work and the Putnam Eastern Arctic Expeditions / 60 TINA ADCOCK 3 Nature’s Tonic: Electric Medicine in Urban Canada, 1880–1920 / 84 DOROTEA GUCCIARDO 4 Cosmic Moderns: Re-Enchanting the Body in Canada’s Atomic Age, 1931–51 / 104 BETH A. ROBERTSON Sample Material © UBC Press 2018 viii Contents Part 2: Technologies 5 The Second Industrial Revolution in Canadian History / 125 JAMES HULL 6 Mysteries of the New Phone Explained: Introducing Dial Telephones and Automatic Service to Bell Canada Subscribers in the 1920s / 143 JAN HADLAW 7 Small Science: Trained Acquaintance and the One-Man Research Team / 166 DAVID THEODORE 8 Paris–Montreal–Babylon: The Modernist Genealogies of Gerald Bull / 185 EDWARD JONES-IMHOTEP 9 Percy Schmeiser, Roundup Ready® Canola, and Canadian Agricultural Modernity / 216 EDA KRANAKIS Part 3: Environments 10 Landscapes of Science in Canada: Modernity and Disruption / 251 STEPHEN BOCKING 11 “For Canada and for Science”: Transnational Modernity and the Report of the Canadian Arctic Expedition 1913–1918 / 279 ANDREW STUHL 12 North Stars and Sun Destinations: Time, Space, and Nation at Trans Canada Air Lines/Air Canada, 1947–70 / 305 BLAIR STEIN 13 Negotiating High Modernism: The St.
    [Show full text]
  • Why Do They Hate Us?--Geography of the Palestine-Israel Conflict And
    “Why Do They Hate Us/U.S.?” and “Why Do We Hate Them?” Is It Because Of “Their” Islam Or Because Of “Our” Support For Israel? Geography of the Palestine-Israel Conflict Presentation to the Association of American Geographers, Boston, MA, April 2008, and Bloomington, IN, November 2008 Mohamed Elyassini, PhD, Associate Professor of Geography, Indiana State University 1. “The bonds between the United States and Israel are unbreakable and the commitment of the United States to the security of Israel is ironclad… I and my administration have made the security of Israel a priority. It’s why we’ve increased cooperation between our militaries to unprecedented levels. It’s why we’re making our most advanced technologies available to our Israeli allies. It’s why, despite tough fiscal times, we’ve increased foreign military financing to record levels. And that includes additional support –- beyond regular military aid -– for the Iron Dome anti-rocket system… So make no mistake, we will maintain Israel’s qualitative military edge… You also see our commitment to our shared security in our determination to prevent Iran from acquiring nuclear weapons. Here in the United States, we’ve imposed the toughest sanctions ever on the Iranian regime… You also see our commitment to Israel’s security in our steadfast opposition to any attempt to de-legitimize the State of Israel. As I said at the United Nations last year, ‘Israel’s existence must not be a subject for debate,’ and ‘efforts to chip away at Israel’s legitimacy will only be met by the unshakeable opposition of the United States.’ So when the Durban Review Conference advanced anti-Israel sentiment, we withdrew.
    [Show full text]
  • South Africa Missile Chronology
    South Africa Missile Chronology 2007-1990 | 1989-1981 | 1980-1969 | 1968-1950 Last update: April 2005 As of May 28, 2009, this chronology is no longer being updated. For current developments, please see the South Africa Missile Overview. This annotated chronology is based on the data sources that follow each entry. Public sources often provide conflicting information on classified military programs. In some cases we are unable to resolve these discrepancies, in others we have deliberately refrained from doing so to highlight the potential influence of false or misleading information as it appeared over time. In many cases, we are unable to independently verify claims. Hence in reviewing this chronology, readers should take into account the credibility of the sources employed here. Inclusion in this chronology does not necessarily indicate that a particular development is of direct or indirect proliferation significance. Some entries provide international or domestic context for technological development and national policymaking. Moreover, some entries may refer to developments with positive consequences for nonproliferation 2007-1990 26 April 2007 The state-owned arms manufacturer Denel Group has signed a 1 billion rand (143 million U.S. dollars) deal with Brazil to co-develop a new generation missile. The missile will be the next-generation A-Darter, and air-to-air missile designed to meet future challenges of air combat fighters. The partnership will Brazil will bring "much needed skills, training and technology transfer to the country." Furthermore, future export contracts of another 2 billion rand are expected in the next 15 years. — "S. Africa, Brazil sign missile deal," People's Daily Online, 26 April 2007, english.people.com.cn.
    [Show full text]
  • War with Iraq
    WAR WITH IRAQ WAR WITH IRAQ CANADA’S STRATEGY IN THE PERSIAN GULF 1990–2002 Sean M. Maloney Centre for International Relations, Queen’s University Kingston, Ontario, Canada 2002 National Library of Canada Cataloguing in Publication Maloney, Sean M. (Sean Michael), 1967- War with Iraq: Canada’s strategy in the Persian Gulf, 1990-2002 / Sean M. Maloney. (Martello papers, ISSN 1183-3661 ; 24) Translation of: La France, est-elle encore une grande puissance? ISBN 0-88911-892-2 1. Canada--Foreign relations--Iraq. 2. Iraq--Foreign relations--Canada. 3. Canada--Foreign relations--Persian Gulf Region. 4. Persian Gulf Region-- Foreign relations--Canada. 5. United Nations. Special Commission on Iraq. 6. Canada--Military policy. I. Queen’s University (Kingston, Ont.). Centre for International Relations. II. Title. III. Series. DS79.755.M34 2002 327.710567 C2002-905069-3 © Copyright 2002 The Martello Papers The Queen’s University Centre for International Relations (QCIR) is pleased to present the twenty-fourth in its series of security studies, the Martello Papers. Taking their name from the distinctive towers built during the nineteenth century to defend Kingston, Ontario, these papers cover a wide range of topics and issues relevant to contemporary international strategic relations. “War with Iraq,” whether as a call to arms, a slogan of dissent or a matter for more detached speculation, has been the dominant motif of international debate in the latter half of 2002. The casual observer might be excused for concluding from this that we are not already at war. Sean Maloney reminds us here that, in the absence of Iraq’s full compliance with the arms control regime and other condi- tions of the 1991 ceasefire which ended Desert Storm, a de facto state of war has continued to the present, albeit in a sporadic and inconsistent way.
    [Show full text]
  • My Experiences, the Scott Inquiry, the British Legal System
    My experiences, the Scott Inquiry, the British Legal System By Gerald Reaveley James I am reminded of the very appropriate quote from Edmund Burke (1729-97) “It is necessary only for the good man to do nothing for evil to triumph.” I am most grateful to Dr Badsha for inviting me and honoured to make this address at this Conference of the Environmental Law Centre. The Astra case and my case reflect much that has been to the fore in recent years in not only scandals around arms companies like Astra, Matrix Churchill, Ordtec, Forgemasters, Walter Somers, Ferranti and other companies like Polly Peck, BCCI and Maxwell but also in the Scott Inquiry, the BSE Inquiry and the Lloyds of London affair and other scandals. The underlying problem is secret unaccountable government which bypasses Parliament and how the law is administered in the UK, gives aid and succour to such a state of affairs. The most common device is the concealment of evidence and manipulation of cases. There is a tendency when challenged for those in authority to talk of conspiracy theories. My experience is that those who do so are usually part of the conspiracy. My company Astra gave rise to much of the circumstances which created the Scott Inquiry, the Supergun revelations (we reported it first), the Aitken affair, the murder of Gerald Bull in Brussels in March 1990 and much else. Background note: My name is Gerald Reaveley James. Until March 1990 and between 1980 and 1990 I was chairman of Astra Holdings PLC (“Astra”) which became a leading ammunition and weapons manufacturer.
    [Show full text]
  • Supergun - Project HALO
    Supergun - Project HALO Supergun - Project HALO Multidisciplinary Design Project – Final Report Aidan Cookson, Jack Feakins, Kin Man Benjamin Lee, Sophie McElhill, Alex Oses, Eleri Williams 19/01/2015 FAO: Prof. Roger Webb, Prof. Neil Downie, Dr. Chris Bridges & Dr. Ignazio Cavarretta Supergun - Project HALO EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The ‘supergun’ launch method has long been coveted as an economic alternative to conventional rocket launches. The method utilises a large powerful gun to deliver a satellite payload into orbits around the Earth. The idea was first proposed in Isaac Newton’s ‘A Treatise of the System of the World’ in 1728 and with the first significant experiments conducted by Gerald Bull in the High Altitude Research Project (HARP) in 1966. The HARP project achieved a record non-rocket launch reaching an altitude of 180 km with a 180 kg projectile at a speed of 3,600 m s-1. Project HALO (Hydrogen Assisted Launch to Orbit) is a $27 million USD proposal for delivering small CubeSat payloads to Low Earth Orbit, using modern hydrogen light gas gun technology, assisted by an innovative hybrid rocket; rejuvenating the supergun launch strategy for the 21st century and beyond. The philosophy of Project HALO is ‘a supergun for the small masses’, echoing our commitment to providing a regular, reliable and reactive service in their pursuit to advance scientific research and development from space. The current prevailing launch method for small satellites, such as CubeSats, is facilitated by attaching the satellites as a secondary payload to a large multi-stage rocket costing $100000 USD per 1U CubeSat. These large multi-stage rocket launches are irregular, complex and not tailored to the small satellite market.
    [Show full text]
  • Moszad-Műveletek a Technológiai Fölény Megtartásáért
    HADTUDOMÁNYI SZEMLE 13. évfolyam (2020) 1. szám 91–101. • DOI: 10.32563/hsz.2020.1.7 Király István Mihály1 Moszad-műveletek a technológiai fölény megtartásáért Mossad Operations in the Interest of Keeping Technological Supremacy Absztrakt Izrael egy fiatal, kis ország, amelyet megalakulása óta számtalan veszély fenyeget. Az ellen- séges szomszédok jelenléte és nyomasztó létszámbeli fölénye miatt a zsidó államnak két aspektusból mindenképpen az ellenségei előtt kellett és kell járnia: az egyik az információ, a másik a technológia. Ez az írás három esettanulmány bemutatásával vizsgálja, hogyan kapcsolódott össze e két terület az ország eddigi történelme során, és hogy miként tudta megőrizni Izrael Állam az ellenségeivel szemben kiemelten fontos technológiai fölényét a megfelelő információknak és titkosszolgálati műveleteinek köszönhetően. Kulcsszavak: Moszad, Izrael, Irak, Mig-21, Gerald Bull, atombomba Abstract Israel is a young, small country that has been endangered by countless dangers since its foundation. Due to the presence of hostile neighbours and their overwhelming superiority regarding manpower, the Jewish state must be ahead of its enemies in two aspects: infor- mation and technology. This paper examines how these two areas have been linked in the country’s history so far, and how the State of Israel has been able to maintain its technologi- cal superiority over its enemies due to adequate information and secret service operations. Keywords: Mossad, Israel, Iraq, Mig-21, Gerald Bull, nuclear bomb 1 Nemzeti Közszolgálati Egyetem
    [Show full text]