Rise and Kill First: the Secret History of Israel's Targeted Assassinations
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Iraq and Weapons of Mass Destruction
1/9/2017 Iraq and Weapons of Mass Destruction home | about | documents | news | publications | FOIA | research | internships | search | donate | mailing list Iraq and Weapons of Mass Destruction National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 80 Updated February 11, 2004 Edited by Jeffrey Richelson Originally posted December 20, 2002 Previously updated February 26, 2003 Documents Press release Further reading Between Iraq's invasion of Kuwait in August 1990, and the commencement of military ac绳on in January 1991, then President George H.W. Bush raised the specter of the Iraqi pursuit of nuclear weapons as one jus绳fica绳on for taking decisive ac绳on against Iraq. In the then‐classified Na绳onal Security Direc绳ve 54, signed on January 15, 1991, authorizing the use of force to expel Iraq from Kuwait, he iden绳fied Iraqi use of weapons of mass destruc绳on (WMD) against allied forces as an ac绳on that would lead the U.S. to seek the removal of Saddam Hussein from power. (Note 1) In the aermath of Iraq's defeat, the U.S.‐led U.N. coali绳on was able to compel Iraq to agree to an inspec绳on and monitoring regime, intended to insure that Iraq dismantled its WMD programs and did not take ac绳ons to recons绳tute them. The means of implemen绳ng the relevant U.N. resolu绳ons was the Special Commission on Iraq (UNSCOM). That inspec绳on regime con绳nued un绳l December 16, 1998 ‐ although it involved interrup绳ons, confronta绳ons, and Iraqi aꬫempts at denial and decep绳on ‐ when UNSCOM withdrew from Iraq in the face of Iraqi refusal to cooperate, and harassment. Subsequent to George W. Bush's assump绳on of the presidency in January 2001, the U.S. -
NPR Mideast Coverage April - June 2012
NPR Mideast Coverage April - June 2012 This report covers NPR's reporting on events and trends related to the conflict between Israel and the Palestinians during the second quarter of 2012. The report begins with an assessment of the 37 stories and interviews, covered by this review, that aired from April through June on radio shows produced by NPR. The 37 radio items is just one more than the lowest number for any quarter (in July-September 2008) during the past ten years. Over that period, NPR programs have carried an average of nearly 100 items per quarter related to Israel, the Palestinians, or both. I also reviewed 20 news stories, blogs and other items carried exclusively on NPR's website. All of the radio and website-only items covered by this review are shown on the "Israel-Palestinian coverage" page of the website. The opinions expressed in this report are mine alone. Accuracy I carefully reviewed all items for factual accuracy, with special attention to the radio stories, interviews and website postings produced by NPR staffers. NPR's coverage of the region continues to be remarkably accurate for a news organization with very tight deadlines. NPR has posted no corrections on its website for stories that originated during the April-June quarter; two corrections were posted in April concerning items dealt with in my report for the January-March quarter. I found no outright inaccuracies during the period, but I will point out two instances of misleading use of language. Freelance correspondent Sheera Frenkel reported for All Things Considered on May 8 about the status of a hunger strike among Palestinian prisoners. -
Issue No. 486 AUGUST 2021
Issue Brief ISSUE NO. 486 AUGUST 2021 © 2021 Observer Research Foundation. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, copied, archived, retained or transmitted through print, speech or electronic media without prior written approval from ORF. The Limits of Military Coercion in Halting Iran’s Nuclear Weapons Programme Kunal Singh Abstract Israel believes that the use of force is essential to stopping Iran from making the nuclear bomb. A vocal section of the strategic affairs community in the United States agrees with the proposition. This brief argues that military means are unlikely to sabotage the nuclear weapons programme of an advanced-stage bomb-seeker like Iran. Moreover, use of force could be counterproductive as it can incentivise Iran’s pursuit of the bomb, and it may erode the confidence required for diplomatic negotiations that can possibly help cease the weapons programme. Attribution: Kunal Singh, “The Limits of Military Coercion in Halting Iran’s Nuclear Weapons Programme,” ORF Issue Brief No. 486, August 2021, Observer Research Foundation. 01 n early April in Vienna, the Biden administration initiated efforts with Iran to reinstate the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), more commonly known as the Iran nuclear deal, from which the United States (US) had exited during the tenure of former US President Donald Trump. A week later, an explosion at Iran’s Natanz uranium enrichment Ifacility caused a power blackout. Israel, the state most vocally opposed to the JCPOA, is widely believed to have -
RICHARD M. BISSELL JR. PAPERS SUBJECT SERIES 1935 – 1994; Boxes 1 - 12
RICHARD M. BISSELL JR. PAPERS SUBJECT SERIES 1935 – 1994; Boxes 1 - 12 SERIES DESCRIPTION Alphabetical Subseries: Boxes 1 - 5 Alphabetical/Intelligence Subseries: Boxes 6 - 12 CONTENT This series contains an alphabetical listing of subjects pertaining to Richard M. Bissell Jr.’s personal and professional lives. Included herein are files documenting his childhood, his personal life, his career at the Institute for Defense Analysis (IDA), his career at the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), organizations to which he belonged, individuals with whom he had personal and professional relationships, and other topics. Document types include correspondence, interviews, memoranda, newspaper clippings, reports, magazine articles and notes. This series contains the bulk of the information in this collection regarding the Central Intelligence Agency to be found in this collection. Further information relating to the Central Intelligence Agency may be found in the Correspondence Series, the Historic and Oversize Papers Series, the Interviews Series, the Oral History Interviews Series. Document copies marked “Original filed for safekeeping” were created by Bissell’s office staff who then filed the originals in what is now the Historic Papers, Oversize Objects and Clippings Series of this collection. As was his apparent practice, many of Bissell’s notes in this series are written on the reverse of University of Hartford budget documents as well as on unused letterhead. STRUCTURE This series arrived at the library divided into two alphabetized subseries; a collection of alphabetized subject files relating to various facets of Richard M. Bissell’s personal and professional lives from childhood to retirement, and a collection of alphabetized files related to matters of intelligence and intelligence gathering. -
Introduction Chapter 1
Notes Introduction 1. Thomas S. Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, 2nd ed. (Chicago: Univer- sity of Chicago Press, 1970). 2. Ralph Pettman, Human Behavior and World Politics: An Introduction to International Relations (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1975); Giandomenico Majone, Evidence, Argument, and Persuasion in the Policy Process (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1989), 275– 76. 3. Bernard Lewis, “The Return of Islam,” Commentary, January 1976; Ofira Seliktar, The Politics of Intelligence and American Wars with Iraq (New York: Palgrave Mac- millan, 2008), 4. 4. Martin Kramer, Ivory Towers on Sand: The Failure of Middle Eastern Studies in Amer- ica (Washington, DC: Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 2000). 5. Bernard Lewis, “The Roots of Muslim Rage,” Atlantic Monthly, September, 1990; Samuel P. Huntington, “The Clash of Civilizations,” Foreign Affairs 72 (1993): 24– 49; Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of the World Order (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996). Chapter 1 1. Quoted in Joshua Muravchik, The Uncertain Crusade: Jimmy Carter and the Dilemma of Human Rights (Lanham, MD: Hamilton Press, 1986), 11– 12, 114– 15, 133, 138– 39; Hedley Donovan, Roosevelt to Reagan: A Reporter’s Encounter with Nine Presidents (New York: Harper & Row, 1985), 165. 2. Charles D. Ameringer, U.S. Foreign Intelligence: The Secret Side of American History (Lexington, MA: Lexington Books, 1990), 357; Peter Meyer, James Earl Carter: The Man and the Myth (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1978), 18; Michael A. Turner, “Issues in Evaluating U.S. Intelligence,” International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 5 (1991): 275– 86. 3. Abram Shulsky, Silent Warfare: Understanding the World’s Intelligence (Washington, DC: Brassey’s [US], 1993), 169; Robert M. -
Policyfocus the Washington Institute for Near East Policy
POLICYFOCUS THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY RESEARCH MEMORANDUM NUMBER FOURTEEN OCTOBER 1990 IRAQ'S ECONOMIC AND MILITARY VULNERABILITIES How VULNERABLE IS IRAQ'S ECONOMY ? How VULNERABLE IS IRAQ'S MILITARY? BY PATRICK CLAWSON BY W. SETH CARUS "Will sanctions against Iraq work?," is a Should diplomacy fail, the United States question too ambiguous to be useful. It leaves may be forced to fight a major war with Iraq to unasked such key problems as: What do we want free Kuwait and to provide for the long-term sanctions to accomplish? How would Iraq react security of Saudi Arabia and other allies in the if sanctions started to pinch? How much does region. Saddam Hussein care about what happens to Iraq's economy? If war breaks out, Iraq would be faced by a coalition of loosely allied military forces. Al- The reality is that a sanction-induced eco- though the United States is contributing the nomic crisis cannot be counted on to force largest and most powerful military contingent, it Saddam Hussein out of Kuwait, much less out of will be supplemented by units of varying degrees office. Sanctions are too unsure to hit the target of importance from a large number of other for them to be the sole arrow in the U.S. quiver. countries. In addition to the Saudi armed forces, Iraq has good prospects of surviving sanctions Argentina, Bangladesh, Canada, Egypt, France, through the end of 1991 by a combination of Morocco, Pakistan, Syria, and the United King- tightening consumers' belts plus loosening the dom have agreed to send combat formations. -
Comprehensive Report
front cover_light box_volume black Comprehensive Report of the Special Advisor to the DCI on Iraq’s WMD With Addendums 30 September 2004 volume II of III Final Cut 8.5 X 11 with Full Bleed For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512-1800: DC area (202)512-1800 Fax: (202) 512-2250 Mail: Stop SSOP. Washington, DC 20402-00001 ISBN-13: 978-0-16-072488-6 / ISBN-10: 0-16-072488-0 (Vol. 1) ISBN-13: 978-0-16-072489-3 / ISBN-10: 0-16-072489-9 (Vol. 2) ISBN-13: 978-0-16-072490-9 / ISBN-10: 0-16-072490-2 (Vol. 3) ISBN-13: 978-0-16-072491-6 / ISBN-10: 0-16-072491-0 (Addendum) ISBN-13: 978-0-16-072492-3 / ISBN-10: 0-16-072492-9 (Set) Delivery Systems Still, I believe that the Arab nation has a right to ask: Delivery Systems thirty nine missiles? Who will fi re the Fortieth? Saddam Husayn This page intentionally left blank. Contents Key Findings............................................................................................................................................ 1 Evolution of Iraq’s Delivery Systems........................................................................................... 3 The Regime Strategy and WMD Timeline.......................................................................... 3 Ambition (1980-91) ............................................................................................................ 3 Decline (1991-96) ...............................................................................................................4 -
MADE MODERN Science and Technology in Canadian History
MADE MODERN Science and Technology in Canadian History Edited by Edward Jones-Imhotep and Tina Adcock Sample Material © UBC Press 2018 Contents List of Figures and Tables / ix Acknowledgments / xi Introduction: Science, Technology, and the Modern in Canada / 3 EDWARD JONES-IMHOTEP and TINA ADCOCK Part 1: Bodies 1 Civilizing the Natives: Richard King and His Ethnographic Writings on Indigenous Northerners / 39 EFRAM SERA-SHRIAR 2 Scientist Tourist Sportsman Spy: Boundary-Work and the Putnam Eastern Arctic Expeditions / 60 TINA ADCOCK 3 Nature’s Tonic: Electric Medicine in Urban Canada, 1880–1920 / 84 DOROTEA GUCCIARDO 4 Cosmic Moderns: Re-Enchanting the Body in Canada’s Atomic Age, 1931–51 / 104 BETH A. ROBERTSON Sample Material © UBC Press 2018 viii Contents Part 2: Technologies 5 The Second Industrial Revolution in Canadian History / 125 JAMES HULL 6 Mysteries of the New Phone Explained: Introducing Dial Telephones and Automatic Service to Bell Canada Subscribers in the 1920s / 143 JAN HADLAW 7 Small Science: Trained Acquaintance and the One-Man Research Team / 166 DAVID THEODORE 8 Paris–Montreal–Babylon: The Modernist Genealogies of Gerald Bull / 185 EDWARD JONES-IMHOTEP 9 Percy Schmeiser, Roundup Ready® Canola, and Canadian Agricultural Modernity / 216 EDA KRANAKIS Part 3: Environments 10 Landscapes of Science in Canada: Modernity and Disruption / 251 STEPHEN BOCKING 11 “For Canada and for Science”: Transnational Modernity and the Report of the Canadian Arctic Expedition 1913–1918 / 279 ANDREW STUHL 12 North Stars and Sun Destinations: Time, Space, and Nation at Trans Canada Air Lines/Air Canada, 1947–70 / 305 BLAIR STEIN 13 Negotiating High Modernism: The St. -
Why Do They Hate Us?--Geography of the Palestine-Israel Conflict And
“Why Do They Hate Us/U.S.?” and “Why Do We Hate Them?” Is It Because Of “Their” Islam Or Because Of “Our” Support For Israel? Geography of the Palestine-Israel Conflict Presentation to the Association of American Geographers, Boston, MA, April 2008, and Bloomington, IN, November 2008 Mohamed Elyassini, PhD, Associate Professor of Geography, Indiana State University 1. “The bonds between the United States and Israel are unbreakable and the commitment of the United States to the security of Israel is ironclad… I and my administration have made the security of Israel a priority. It’s why we’ve increased cooperation between our militaries to unprecedented levels. It’s why we’re making our most advanced technologies available to our Israeli allies. It’s why, despite tough fiscal times, we’ve increased foreign military financing to record levels. And that includes additional support –- beyond regular military aid -– for the Iron Dome anti-rocket system… So make no mistake, we will maintain Israel’s qualitative military edge… You also see our commitment to our shared security in our determination to prevent Iran from acquiring nuclear weapons. Here in the United States, we’ve imposed the toughest sanctions ever on the Iranian regime… You also see our commitment to Israel’s security in our steadfast opposition to any attempt to de-legitimize the State of Israel. As I said at the United Nations last year, ‘Israel’s existence must not be a subject for debate,’ and ‘efforts to chip away at Israel’s legitimacy will only be met by the unshakeable opposition of the United States.’ So when the Durban Review Conference advanced anti-Israel sentiment, we withdrew. -
Bolstering U.S.-Israel Defense of Shared Interests: an Agenda for the Biden Administration
Bolstering U.S.-Israel Defense of Shared Interests: An Agenda for the Biden Administration JINSA’s Gemunder Center for Defense and Strategy January 2021 DISCLAIMER The findings and recommendations contained in this publication are solely those of the authors. Cover image credit: Getty Policy Project Staff and Contributors JINSA Staff & Contributors Michael Makovsky, PhD President & CEO Blaise Misztal Vice President for Policy Charles B. Perkins Director for U.S.-Israel Security Policy Jonathan Ruhe Director of Foreign Policy Ari Cicurel Senior Policy Analyst Erielle Davidson Senior Policy Analyst Table of Contents Executive Summary 7 Strategic Context 12 Next Steps for a U.S.-Israel Security Agenda 16 Appendix 25 Endnotes 26 Executive Summary Urgent challenges and opportunities await the new Biden Administration and 117th Congress in the broader Middle East. Though the Administration may prefer to first address domestic priorities, unfortunately the world won’t wait – especially the Middle East. Shia extremist Iran and Sunni revisionist Turkey actively threaten U.S. national security and international stability more generally, while Israel faces challenges as it continues to defend U.S. interests ably. At this inflection point, the Jewish Institute for National Security of America (JINSA) is releasing a series of three related policy papers on the major issues confronting the Middle East. This first paper details the benefits to the United States of, and specific ways to build upon, strong security cooperation with Israel and the diplomatic breakthroughs of the Abraham Accords. Succeeding reports will lay out the twin threats from Iran and Turkey and will provide additional recommendations for American policymakers. -
South Africa Missile Chronology
South Africa Missile Chronology 2007-1990 | 1989-1981 | 1980-1969 | 1968-1950 Last update: April 2005 As of May 28, 2009, this chronology is no longer being updated. For current developments, please see the South Africa Missile Overview. This annotated chronology is based on the data sources that follow each entry. Public sources often provide conflicting information on classified military programs. In some cases we are unable to resolve these discrepancies, in others we have deliberately refrained from doing so to highlight the potential influence of false or misleading information as it appeared over time. In many cases, we are unable to independently verify claims. Hence in reviewing this chronology, readers should take into account the credibility of the sources employed here. Inclusion in this chronology does not necessarily indicate that a particular development is of direct or indirect proliferation significance. Some entries provide international or domestic context for technological development and national policymaking. Moreover, some entries may refer to developments with positive consequences for nonproliferation 2007-1990 26 April 2007 The state-owned arms manufacturer Denel Group has signed a 1 billion rand (143 million U.S. dollars) deal with Brazil to co-develop a new generation missile. The missile will be the next-generation A-Darter, and air-to-air missile designed to meet future challenges of air combat fighters. The partnership will Brazil will bring "much needed skills, training and technology transfer to the country." Furthermore, future export contracts of another 2 billion rand are expected in the next 15 years. — "S. Africa, Brazil sign missile deal," People's Daily Online, 26 April 2007, english.people.com.cn. -
UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations
UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title History in the Public Courtroom: Commissions of Inquiry and Struggles over the History and Memory of Israeli Traumas Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3vf2g7r0 Author Molchadsky, Nadav Gadi Publication Date 2015 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles History in the Public Courtroom: Commissions of Inquiry and Struggles over the History and Memory of Israeli Traumas A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy In History by Nadav Gadi Molchadsky 2015 © Copyright by Nadav Gadi Molchadsky 2015 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION History in the Public Courtroom: Commissions of Inquiry and Struggles over the History and Memory of Israeli Traumas by Nadav Gadi Molchadsky Doctor of Philosophy in History University of California, Los Angeles, 2015 Professor David N. Myers, Co-Chair Professor Arieh B. Saposnik, Co-Chair This study seeks to shed new light on the complex web of relations among history, historiography and contemporary life. It does so by focusing on Israeli commissions of inquiry that have taken rise in the wake of major national traumas such as failed battles in the 1948 War, the Yom Kippur War, and the assassination of the Zionist leader Chaim Arlosoroff. Each one of these landmark events in the history of Israel was investigated by a state or a military commission of inquiry, whose members and audience operate as authors of history and agents of memory. The study suggests that commissions of inquiry, which have been studied to date primarily as legal, administrative, and political bodies, in fact also operate as a public historian of a unique kind.