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November-December 2012 November–December 2012 Volume 26, No. 6 AFRP 10-1 Senior Leader Perspective Airmen ❙ 4 Delivering Decision Advantage Lt Gen Larry D. James, USAF Features For and from Cyberspace ❙ 12 Conceptualizing Cyber Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance Col Matthew M. Hurley, USAF Manned Airborne Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance ❙ 34 Strategic, Tactical . Both? Maj Tyler Morton, USAF The F-22 Acquisition Program ❙ 53 Consequences for the US Air Force’s Fighter Fleet Lt Col Christopher J. Niemi, USAF Personnel Recovery ❙ 83 Strategic Importance and Impact Col Lee Pera, USAF Paul D. Miller Darrel Whitcomb Departments 113 ❙ Views A Culminating Point for Air Force Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance . 113 Col Jon Kimminau, PhD, USAF, Retired Realizing the Potential of Analytics: Arming the Human Mind . 130 Maj Robert D. Folker Jr., USAF Capt Kyle Benjamin Bressette, USAF Lightning Strikes and Thunder Claps: The Strategic Bomber and Air Superiority . 137 Maj Wade S. Karren, USAF 146 ❙ Historical Highlight The Evolution of Air Force Targeting Capt John R. Glock, USAF 175 ❙ Book Reviews Leading with Honor: Leadership Lessons from the Hanoi Hilton . 175 Lee Ellis Reviewer: Dr. Richard I. Lester Eisenhower 1956: The President’s Year of Crisis—Suez and the Brink of War . 178 David A. Nichols Reviewer: Maj Thomas F. Menza, USAF, Retired 7 Deadly Scenarios: A Military Futurist Explores War in the 21st Century . 182 Andrew F. Krepinevich Reviewer: 2d Lt James W. Anderson, USAF (active) Drugs and Contemporary Warfare . 184 Paul Rexton Kan Reviewer: Jan Kallberg, PhD Flying from the Black Hole: The B-52 Navigator-Bombardiers of Vietnam . 186 Robert O. Harder Reviewer: Col Joe McCue, USAF, Retired After Khomeini: Iran under His Successors . 188 Saïd Amir Arjomand Reviewer: Maj Michael A. Thomas, USAF The Accidental Guerrilla: Fighting Small Wars in the Midst of a Big One . 190 David Kilcullen Reviewer: Toby Lauterbach November–December 2012 Air & Space Power Journal | 2 Editorial Advisory Board Gen John A. Shaud, PhD, USAF, Retired, Air Force Research Institute Lt Gen Bradley C. Hosmer, USAF, Retired Dr. J. Douglas Beason (Senior Executive Service and Colonel, USAF, Retired), Air Force Space Command Dr. Alexander S. Cochran, Office of the Chief of Staff, US Army Prof. Thomas B. Grassey, US Naval Academy Lt Col Dave Mets, PhD, USAF, Retired, School of Advanced Air and Space Studies (professor emeritus) Board of Reviewers Dr. Kendall K. Brown Col Merrick E. Krause, USAF, Retired NASA Marshall Space Flight Center Department of Homeland Security Dr. Clayton K. S. Chun Col Chris J. Krisinger, USAF, Retired US Army War College Burke, Virginia Dr. Mark Clodfelter Dr. Benjamin S. Lambeth National War College Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments Dr. Conrad Crane Mr. Douglas E. Lee Director, US Army Military History Institute Air Force Space Command Col Dennis M. Drew, USAF, Retired Dr. Richard I. Lester USAF School of Advanced Air and Space Studies Eaker Center for Professional Development (professor emeritus) Mr. Brent Marley Maj Gen Charles J. Dunlap Jr., USAF, Retired Redstone Arsenal, Alabama Duke University Mr. Rémy M. Mauduit Dr. Stephen Fought Air Force Research Institute USAF Air War College (professor emeritus) Col Phillip S. Meilinger, USAF, Retired Col Richard L. Fullerton, USAF West Chicago, Illinois USAF Academy Dr. Daniel Mortensen Lt Col Derrill T. Goldizen, PhD, USAF, Retired Air Force Research Institute Westport Point, Massachusetts Dr. Richard R. Muller Col Mike Guillot, USAF, Retired USAF School of Advanced Air and Space Studies Editor, Strategic Studies Quarterly Dr. Bruce T. Murphy Air Force Research Institute Air University Dr. John F. Guilmartin Jr. Col Robert Owen, USAF, Retired Ohio State University Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Dr. Amit Gupta Lt Col Brian S. Pinkston, USAF, MC, SFS USAF Air War College Civil Aerospace Medical Institute Dr. Grant T. Hammond Dr. Steve Rothstein USAF Center for Strategy and Technology Colorado Springs Science Center Project Dr. Dale L. Hayden Lt Col Reagan E. Schaupp, USAF Air Force Research Institute Naval War College Mr. James Hoffman Dr. Barry Schneider Rome Research Corporation Director, USAF Counterproliferation Center Milton, Florida Professor, USAF Air War College Dr. Thomas Hughes Col Richard Szafranski, USAF, Retired USAF School of Advanced Air and Space Studies Toffler Associates Lt Col Jeffrey Hukill, USAF, Retired Lt Col Edward B. Tomme, PhD, USAF, Retired Air Force Research Institute CyberSpace Operations Consulting Lt Col J. P. Hunerwadel, USAF, Retired Dr. Christopher H. Toner LeMay Center for Doctrine Development and Education University of St. Thomas Col Mark P. Jelonek, USAF Lt Col David A. Umphress, PhD, USAFR, Retired Air Force Space Command Auburn University Col John Jogerst, USAF, Retired Col Mark E. Ware Navarre, Florida Twenty-Fourth Air Force Mr. Charles Tustin Kamps Dr. Harold R. Winton USAF Air Command and Staff College USAF School of Advanced Air and Space Studies Dr. Tom Keaney Johns Hopkins University November–December 2012 Air & Space Power Journal | 3 ISR Focus Senior Leader Perspective Airmen Delivering Decision Advantage Lt Gen Larry D. James, USAF ir Force intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) provides global vigilance—our hedge against strategic uncer- tainty and risk—to the Air Force, the joint war fighter, and our Anation. Our mission, in defense of America’s interests, is to enable de- cision advantage by operating integrated, cross-domain ISR capabilities with joint, national, and international partners. Our Air Force ISR vi- sion is to be the preeminent ISR enterprise providing the right infor- mation to the right decision makers at the right time. Our objective is to provide our nation’s decision makers, commanders, and war fighters with a continual information advantage over our adversaries—an ad- vantage measured not in terms of the volume of information gathered but in the value and quality of the intelligence we provide. The funda- mental job of Air Force ISR professionals is to answer questions by en- gaging decision makers at all levels in a dialogue that seeks to refine what they need to know in order to make decisions, command forces, and employ weapons. November–December 2012 Air & Space Power Journal | 4 ISR Focus Senior Leader Perspective When our nation’s leaders select a military option, Air Force ISR is integral to American power projection and indispensible to the effec- tive application of airpower. Air Force ISR provides the intelligence necessary to characterize the battlespace and determine how airpower should best be applied, not only in tactical execution but also at the op- erational and strategic levels of war. We provide Airmen the ability to hold targets at risk across the depth and breadth of the battlespace—on the ground, at sea, in the air, in space, and in cyberspace—and to apply deliberate, discriminate, and (when required) deadly combat power. Today, Air Force ISR operates the world’s premier global network of collection capabilities and analysts. Our worldwide network of ISR Air- men performs this mission for our country every day. These analysts are the backbone of our ability to move actionable intelligence to the right person at the right time. Deployed around the world and at home, we have conducted distributed operations to fulfill ISR require- ments since Operations Southern and Northern Watch. Since 2001 we have increased our overall ISR hours flown by 4,300 percent, added 47 sites into our distributed network, and expanded the ISR force by 4,228 Airmen. In less than nine months, we developed, acquired, and fielded the MC-12 Liberty—the fastest fielding of a weapon system since the P-51 in World War II—to meet wartime ISR requirements. Today it sus- tains the highest operational tempo of any Air Force manned platform. In 2011 our global network demonstrated its robustness when we seamlessly executed ISR operations for counterinsurgency missions in Iraq and Afghanistan, humanitarian assistance for Japan after the tsu- nami, and combat air operations against Libyan forces. Global Network: All Sources, All Domains Following two decades of combat, the Department of Defense and the Air Force are adjusting to new priorities as outlined in Sustaining U.S. Global Leadership: Priorities for 21st Century Defense and the Cap- stone Concept for Joint Operations: Joint Force 2020.1 As we refocus our attention and rebalance our capabilities, the Air Force ISR enterprise November–December 2012 Air & Space Power Journal | 5 ISR Focus Senior Leader Perspective will remain focused on mission accomplishment. To remain the world’s preeminent ISR force in an era of increased strategic uncer- tainty, where threats may arise quickly from multiple locations, our network of ISR Airmen must seamlessly integrate and fuse informa- tion from all sources across the air, space, and cyber domains, as well as operate a mix of sensors across the entire spectrum of conflict. Our Air Force ISR enterprise today leverages years of experience ex- ecuting global distributed operations to ensure that our Air Force can continue to hold targets at risk anywhere on the globe, even in non- permissive environments. In the future, the mix of sensors and capa- bilities we employ to execute global integrated ISR will change as we prepare for operations in antiaccess, area-denial environments. It is clear that ISR in contested, degraded, and operationally limited envi- ronments challenges us to use sensors from all domains to collect the right information. As Airmen we recognize that in addition to operat- ing in the air domain, we also operate in the space and cyber domains; this is especially true with respect to our ISR mission as we orient our enterprise to operate across the full spectrum of conflict. The integration of air, space, and cyber information is a powerful ca- pability—one in which we must continue to invest our talent and re- sources. For instance, the space layer provides a broad spectrum of ca- pabilities to characterize nonpermissive environments.
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