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Whalewatcher 2020 • Vol Journal of the American Cetacean Society WHALEWATCHER 2020 • VOL. 43 • NO. 1 BREAKING THE SURFACE WOMENOFCETOLOGY Humpback calf. Photo by Jo Marie Acebes. Editorial Pod ACS National Board of Directors LEAD EDITOR Read about our Board Members at Sabena Siddiqui acsonline.org ASSISTANT EDITORS PRESIDENT Diane Glim Uko Gorter Uko Gorter SECRETARY On the Cover Kelsey Stone Diane Glim The Caldwells recording PRODUCTION ARTIST TREASURER vocalizations of a Rose Freidin Ric Matthews bottlenose dolphin at Marineland of Florida. Shelby Kasberger, Conservation Chair Photo by: Marineland of Florida Joy Primrose Sabena Siddiqui, Student Chair AMERICAN CETACEAN SOCIETY Kelsey Stone, Social Media Manager P.O. Box 51691 Jayne Vanderhagen Pacific Grove, CA 93950 Bob Wilson acsonline.org ACS Team Members Kara Henderlight, Advocacy Chair 2 BREAKING THE SURFACE WOMEN OF CETOLOGY Letter from the President Uko Gorter ou may have noticed that this special We thought it was high time to look back I want to express my gratitude to our ACS issue of our Whalewatcher journal is and see how far women have come in the National Board Member, Sabena Siddiqui, not really about whales. Instead, it is field of cetology, or the study of whales. We who served as our lead Editor for this Yabout humans. Women, to be more precise. also wanted to hear from women scientists wonderful issue. Sabena has deftly guided who are working in the field today, or the process with immense patience and For anyone who has attended a marine recently retired. The results are essays from sensitivity. It is because of her efforts, mammal science conference recently, a wonderful mix of women from different while still navigating her own academic you would have immediately noticed the generations, backgrounds, and career work, that this unique special issue has multitude of women in attendance. They stages. You will read about their struggles been made possible. We are indebted to far outnumber their male counterparts. Of and achievements in their academic and all the incredible women scientists who course, this wasn’t always so. career paths. They also impart some have contributed to this issue. None of For centuries, the scientific discipline of the valuable wisdom and a unique perspective them were used to writing so openly about study of whales—like so many others— for young women (and men!) entering the themselves and their careers. They have was dominated by men. Nowadays we’re field of cetology today. Their stories are fun, done so with grace and from the heart. so used to seeing women working in this insightful, and immensely inspiring. Above field today that we have grown accustomed all, we hope this issue honors the pioneering to the idea of equality in science. However, women who paved the way, and celebrates even today men still hold many of the most all women who have, and continue to study senior positions in academic institutions. cetaceans for many decades to come. Uko Gorter, president Three members of the LA Pod travel along Palos Verdes, headed toward our Gray Whale Census, February 1988. Female CA2 - “The “Whale That Ate Jaws” - is in the middle of this trio; in October 1997, she killed a great white shark off of the Farallon Islands, and ate its liver. Photo by Alisa Schulman-Janiger. WHALEWATCHER 2020 acsonline.org 3 Left: Christina Lockyer in Glacier Bay on a humpback whale survey. Middle: On his fourth attempt. male Bigg’s transient killer whale T069C smacks a harbor seal with his flukes and sends it sailing Contentsabout 80 feet into the air just off Victoria, BC in October 2015. Photo by Alisa Schulman-Janiger. Right: Dusky Dolphin in Kaikoura, NZ. Photo by Mridula Srinivasan. 6 13 27 41 Challenges Faced by Finding The Path: Sea Change: Studying Dolphins Women in STEM Navigating Through Reflections on a in the Wild: My Story Infographic Tricky Waters Career as a Female DENISE L. HERZING CARA GALLAGHER SALLY MIZROCH Marine Mammal Scientist LISA T. BALLANCE 45 8 19 Dugongs and Editor’s Introduction An Accidental Acoustician 30 Dolphins in Asia: Mapping Our Path: KATE STAFFORD From Bats, to Seals, An International Charting the Way Forward Dolphins and Whales– Research Story SABENA SIDDIQUI A Global Trek to ELLEN HINES Make a Difference 23 SOFIE VAN PARIJS The Oddity Effect MRIDULA SRINIVASAN 51 Making Choices and 35 Finding Balance as a When a Whale Marine Mammal Lands on Your Lap Scientist and Parent JO MARIE ACEBES ALISON STImpERT 4 BREAKING THE SURFACE WOMEN OF CETOLOGY Left: Atlantic spotted dolphins. Photo by Denise Herzing. Top: Gray whale fluke taken in 2015 during a small boat photo-identification survey off the west coast of Vancouver Island. NOAA Permit 14097. Photo by Alisa Schulman-Janiger. Bottom: Alisa using Big-Eye binoculars to scan for cetaceans and other marine mammals off of the west coast of Vancouver Island, on the RV Reuben Lasker, during the NOAA Fisheries 2015 Collaborative Large Whale Survey (CLaWS) in November. Photo courtesy of Alisa Schulman-Janiger. 55 68 80 94 Hoist Your Sail From Savanna to Sea: From Arctic Crashes to Author Biographies When the Wind 33 Years Studying Conserving the Vaquita: is Fair Bottlenose Dolphins Adventures of a Marine YOKO MITANI JANET MANN Mammal Biologist BARBARA TAYLOR 98 Exploring the World of Women in Marine Mammal 58 72 Science and Stem Bridging Cetacean My Journey to 82 WOMEN OF MARINE MAmmAL Research to the Public- Scholar Advocacy A Lifetime of STUDIES (WIMMS) Through Education and LORI MARINO Marine Mammal Studies Citizen Science CHRISTINA LOCKYER ALISA SCHULMAN-JANIGER 99 75 ACS Donation Form Although They 88 64 Laughed at Me, First Surfacings: Don’t Let the ‘-Isms’ I Dolphinitely The Early Women Pioneers Get You Down Carried On UKO GORTER NAOMI ROSE LOUISA PONNAmpALAM WHALEWATCHER 2020 acsonline.org 5 cha�enges faced by Women in STEM Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics While women make up Additionally, women may 44% of full-time employees be ranked as being less This is driven hireable and competent than they represent 66% primarily by 4.6x men based on CVs alone2 of part-time workers women being more likely to not seek work due to and 74% of people who are CV CV unemployed and not seeking work family responsibilities 1 2 Women continue to get paid less for equal work... nder e ge Th gap age Women employed in Awards received by w tsscience and engineering are wage gap reported for women are of lower value is 3 ex 1 tenure track academics 4 sti� paid 82¢ to the dollar (and are less prestigious) ...and experience high rates of sexual harassment and gender bias In biology undergraduate classes, of students reported Gender bias from having experienced peers and sexual Women in working environments gender bias harassment from where they are outnumbered by instructors negatively men or where leadership is male- reported incidents affected STEM motivation dominated experience higher of sexual harassment at 6 6 and career aspirations rates of sexual harassment5 least once in the past year While the percentage of women gender bias isn't unique is increasing in some fields... to male-dominated disciplines Even in balanced fields women... face descrimination, are underestimated by peers, and work harder for less credit Though male PhD students spent less time engaged in research, they were of students identified Men are more likely than more likely to be experiences of women to be named by their listed as an author discrimination throughout peers as being knowledgeable 9 8 on publications their degree7 about course content 6 BREAKING THE SURFACE WOMEN OF CETOLOGY Infographic by Cara Gallagher @CaraAGallagher the ' m ine ro ar ves F M ati in nti 10 en e I ba�iers to succe� in om enc W Sci ey! al urv mm 17 S Ma 20 MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE 62% 47% 44% Women were underrepresented of women reported having to provide in supervisory and leadership more evidence of competence positions than their male colleagues % 46 % of women experienced negative 58 assumptions of their competence of women experienced or commitment to work after instances of gender bias having children throughout their career Women experience more bullying, harassment, and discrimination 51.5% report bullying or harassment 45.4% report discrimination Many of the surveyed women reported being sexually harassed by superiors during their career Though many reported harassment, few perpetrators, many of whom were in leadership or supervisory positions, faced any consequences. Women who have reported these incidents have lost productive communication, lost control or authorship of their research, had to change research groups, and even lost their jobs. These incidents often occured in remote locations during fieldwork. 1 NSF 2019 Report "Women, Minorities, and Persons with Disabilities in Science and Engineering" - https://ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsf19304/digest 2 Eaton, A.A., Saunders, J.F., Jacobson, R.K. and West, K., 2020. How gender and race stereotypes impact the advancement of scholars in STEM: Professors’ biased evaluations of physics and biology post-doctoral candidates. Sex Roles, 82(3-4), pp.127-141. 3 Chen, J.J. and Crown, D., 2019. The gender pay gap in academia: Evidence from the Ohio state university. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 101(5), pp.1337-1352. 4 Ma, Y., Oliveira, D.F., Woodruff, T.K. and Uzzi, B., 2019. Women who win prizes get less money and prestige. Nature, 565, pp.287-288. 5 National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, 2018. Sexual harassment of women: climate, culture, and consequences in academic sciences, engineering, and medicine. National Academies Press. 6 Leaper, C. and Starr, C.R., 2019. Helping and hindering undergraduate women’s STEM motivation: experiences With STEM encouragement, STEM-related gender bias, and sexual harassment.
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