HIS ISMOF THE Bulletin is in memoy of Dr. Reuben Lasker who, until This death, was Chiefofthe Coastal Division of the Southwest Fisheries Center, National Marine Fisheries Service. The contri- butors and I feel both a debt ofgratitude and a strong bond ofpiendship to this scientist who profoundly influenced our investigations, our careers, and the field ofmarine larval ecology. Our regret is that Reuben will not see this tribute.

Andrew E. Dizon, Ph.D. Scientific Editor

375 .. . REUBEN LASKER. A Remembrance.. .

It is the spring of 1989 in La Jolla, California, almost with a minor in chemistry, from the University in a year since our friend and colleague, Reuben 1950. When a graduate research fellowship Lasker, left us after a valiant battle against cancer. became available in , Reuben made We remember him fondly, with respect and admira- a fateful career decision to abandon medicine and tion for the man and for the scientist whose intellec- applied for the post. He was awarded a full tuition tual honesty and humanity endeared him to his scholarship with stipend for studies in marine associates. We, therefore, dedicate this Festschrift biology at the University of Miami where he concen- to the memory of a remarkable human being, a trated on studies on the physiology and cellulose warm and caring man, who combined a lifelong digestion in the shipworm, Teredo. He was granted passion and dedication to the marine sciences with his M.S. in marine biology from the University of a bright intelligence, a lively curiosity, and an abid- Miami in 1952. ing appreciation of the world around us. Approaching the end of his fellowship at Reuben was born in Brooklyn, , Miami, Reuben began to investigate options for December 1, 1929, the only child of Theodore and continuing his graduate education. He corre- Mary Lasker. As a child he contracted rheumatic sponded with the physiologist, Professor Arthur fever, and as was customary at that time his doctors C. Giese of Stanford University, who had an prescribed bed rest for an extended period, when ongoing marine program at the Hopkins Marine Reuben read avidly. The illness, which left Reuben Station. With Giese's encouragement Reuben with a slight heart murmur, influenced his activities applied for and was granted a predoctoral fellow- and increasingly the boy turned to bookish pursuits. ship from the National Institute of Health for his He did well in school, attending the prestigious doctoral studies at Stanford University. Initially, Boys' High School in Brooklyn, graduating at 16. Reuben was given a small stipend to study the Because of his health, his father decided that nutrition of the plentiful sea urchins around Mon- Reuben should go to college in Miami, Florida, to terey Bay. With his young wife, the former Caroline escape the rigors of the severe winters in New York Hayman, the couple drove west in their 1941 black Accordingly, in 1946, Reuben enrolled at the Uni- Ford sedan. versity of Miami as an English major. Reuben spent the years from 1952 to 1956 on Midway through his college career, Reuben the Stanford campus in Palo Alto researching and switched his major to zoology with the thought of writing his doctoral thesis on cellulose digestion in becoming a medical doctor and in fact actually the silverfish. He picked his doctoral topic by served as president of the premed society. He chance, although he believed in Pasteur's maxim received his B.S. degree with honors in zoology, that chance favors the prepared mind. As Reuben 376 Opp. page, left Dr. Goahif Hempel of West Germany took thii relaxed picture of Reuben during a visit to his laboratory in Building T-21 on the Scripps campus in 1963.

Opp. page, right Examining a 1 m CalCOFl planktonnetin 1965onthedeckofthe Bureau of Commercial Fiheries research vessel, Black Doqlas.

Right Reuben receiving the US. Department of the Interior SirMedal in 1970 as Gerald V. Howard. Regional Director of the southwest Region and Alan R. Longhurst Director of the Fihery-OceanographyCenter look on.

was fond of telling the story, he was sitting in a ticket from Palo Alto to San Diego and a check for gloomy roomette where the only object left by the $50 "to cover expenses." At the train station in San former occupant of the cubicle was a box of tissues Diego, Reuben was picked up by Leo Bemer, then a used in laboratory work. When he reached over and graduate student at Scripps and presentty a pro- pulled one out, an insect fell down to the table top, fessor and former dean of oceanography at Texas skittered away, fell to the floor and disappeared into AGM University, who later became a close friend. a crack. The tissue was full of holes and he realized Famous names in marine biology were in that what he had seen was a silverfish who had attendance at the meetin-bert Szent-Gyorgyi, made a meal of the paper. Cellulose is difficult to Nobel Laureate for the discovery of vitamin C the digest by most organisms, and the conventional English biochemist Ernest Baldwin; Eugene Odum, thought was that animals that eat cellulose, such as ecologist from the University of Georgia; Roger the cow or termites, have microorganisms in their Revelle, then the Director of the Scripps Institution stomachs to do the digesting for them. Reuben of Oceanography and later one of the founders of reflected that since no one had ever mentioned how the University of California, San Diego; John Isaacs, a silverfish did its cellulose digesting, this might be professor of oceanography who was destined to a suitable topic for a Ph.D. thesis. On completion, have a profound influence on Reuben; and many the thesis was ranked "Superior" by Stanford Uni- others who collectively represented the forefront of versity and established Reuben's reputation as an research in marine biology, worldwide. authority on the physiology of this insect He re- Buati, a geneticist, was then a professor at ceived his Ph.D. degree in biology in 1956. Scripps. He offered to submit a proposal for In February 1956, Science magazine carried a Reuben to the to culture small announcement in its back pages that a meet- euphausiid shrimps, a project on which Reuben ing, sponsored by the Rockefeller Foundation, was had been working. On his return to Stanford, to be held at the Scripps Institution of Oceanog- Reuben wrote the proposal and by retum mail raphy in La Jolla, California on the future of marine received notice that he had been awarded a post- biology. A small amount of money had been set doctoral appointment for $5,000 a year (tax-free). aside for graduate students who were asked to By the following September, Reuben and Caroline apply to Dr. Adriano Buuati, the convenor. Reuben arrived in La Jolla in a car packed with all their promptly wrote to Buuati, explaining that he was a possessions. graduate student at Stanford in marine biology and The project Reuben chose for himself was to eminently qualified by inclination and interest to attempt to maintain euphausiids in reasonable attend. By return mail he received a round-trip health in the laboratory and to find out how effi- 377 .. . REUS& WKLR: A Remembrance.. .

Reuben with Wallerio Garcia, Jacobo Melcer, and Paul E. Smith abmrd the research vessel A Humbold in 1975.

Opp. page. left In foul weather gear aboard the Univeniky of Alaska's research vessel. Alpha Helix, during a research cruise to the Pribilofs in 1982 to study groundfish.

Opp. page, right: Showing off the Huntsman Medal for Excellence in BiologicalOceanog- raphy awarded him in 1983 by the Canadian government's Bedford Institute of Oceanography.

ciently they used their food. Since no one offered to for the Laskers during this time was the birth of their provide him with live animals to work on, Reuben daughter, Pamela. arranged to go to sea on the Scripps T-boat (the It was also during Reuben's sojourn at Scripps U.S. Army's designation for Transportation), an 80- that a meeting took place which had important foot vessel with a 3-man crew. Dosed massively implications for his future. Through a mutual friend with Dramamine, the former BrooMynite who never he met John C. Marr, Director of the U.S. Depart- learned to swim, was taught how to catch euphau- ment of the Interior's Bureau of Commercial - suds by scripps researchers Elizabeth and Brian eries, South Pacific Fisheries Investigation, who had Boden. During one particularly eventful trip, recently relocated his laboratory in the old Direc- Reuben was 10 miles off San Diego where the vessel tor's residence on the Scripps campus. Marr was had been stopped to deploy a net Alone interested in Reuben's work on euphausiids, and on deck, in heavy seas and without a life jacket, some months later when the laboratory was reorga- Reuben remembered the ship giving a sudden nized he asked Reuben to head up a physiology lurch that propelled him forward over the chain section. Meanwhile, Reuben had accepted a job at railing. Fortunately for Reuben he managed to save Compton Junior College; although it provided him himself by grabbing a projecting object as the ship with his first taste of teaching, he informed the dean steamed ahead at 10 knots away from where he that he would not be renewing his contract because would have been hurled into the sea. he wanted to return to research. At the end of the Until he finally figured out the correct dosage of academic year, the Lasker family left Compton and Dramamine, Reuben was very susceptible to sea returned to La Jolla, where Reuben had been sickness. Although it was necessary to go to sea to granted a Lalor Faculty Fellowship at the Scripps collect live specimens, Reuben preferred to keep Institution of Oceanography. In the interim Marr was his sea trips as brief as possible. Serendipitously, he able to complete the arrangements for Reuben's located an area of the ocean in the lee of Pt Loma recruitment Accordingly, in June 1958, Reuben which not only produced euphausiids and fish entered on duty at the federal fisheries laboratory in larvae in abundance but also had the virtue of being La Jolla, as a fishery research biologist Thus began relatively calm. This became his favorite spot for a creative, productive partnership, an association collecting specimens and in years to come became that lasted through numerous federal reorganiza- well known to his colleagues as Lasker's Lake. tions and changes in research emphases, and The postdoctoral year went quickly with which endured until Reuben's death some 30 yean Reuben who was working on the energy balance of later. euphausiids and looking for a job. A notable event In establishing a Physiology Program and 378 selecting Reuben as its principal investigator, Marr functions that could affect an organism's ability to embarked on a major change in the direction of survive in the sea. research on pelagic marine . He believed that The Physiology Laboratory in T-21 whirred there were many problems that could be solved with activity as Reuben threw himself into his new only through controlled laboratory experiments. job, infecting others with his customary energy and Heretofore, few studies had been made on the enthusiasm. Soon, old white bathtubs with clawed physiology of pelagic fishes. It had not been possi- feet were filled with seawater and located inside and ble, for example, to study the fecundity of sardines outside T-21 to hold experimental animals. A par- and other pelagic fishes under laboratory condi- ticularly robust colony of brine shrimp and algae tions, since fish held in aquaria were not known to flourished as a self-contained ecosystem in yet . However, under proper conditions of diet or another outside bathtub. One of the first high-speed by control of endocrine development, it was at least Beckman ultracentrifuges, used to separate differ- theoretically possible to induce normal spawning in ent sardine proteins, hummed upstairs. In another aquaria. Marr proposed that Reuben undertake room a continuous oxygen measurement system, such studies as the investigationof the efficiency of using one of the first double electrode probes, food utilization by larval fish, the influence of various which had been invented by Reuben's close friend factors on the rate of growth, the change in body and colleague, Dr. John Kanwisher, of the Woods conditon during ovarian development, and the like. Hole Oceanographic Institution, produced quanti- With this as a mandate, Reuben moved into ties of exciting data. T-21, one of the gray clapboard cottages (former Because government funds were scarce, residences of Scripps' professors) that dotted the Reuben took every opportunity to take advantage of hills around Scripps Institution of Oceanography. federal government surplus propew to equip his With the help of his newly hired assistant, Gail laboratory for experiments on respiration and Theilacker, a former graduate student at Scripps, energy uptake of sardine eggs and larvae. In the he proceeded to establish a laboratory oriented absence of a proper cold room, he located a meat toward basic research, whose main purpose was packer's cold locker and set this up outside the the study of the innate and adaptive responses of building. Another piece of equipment picked up marine organisms. Although Reuben's main from government surplus lists was a hot dog academic interest was the investigationof energy cooker that had small, rotating aluminum rods to exchanges between marine animals and their food heat the wieners. This, minus the heating element, supply, he was also interested in other physiological was adapted by Reuben and Gail to turn syringes

379 .. . UBFN IASKER: A Remembrance...

filled with sardine eggs rather than wieners. In his In 1966, Reuben and his family, which now enthusiasm to properly study respiration in sardine also included a son, Paul, traveled to Aberdeen, eggs directly from the sea, Reuben and Gail even Scotland to work at the University of Aberdeen for installed their Warburg respirometer, without the one year with Blaxter and Holliday. Here Reuben cooling and shaking system, on the Bureau's old applied the techniques perfected in his work on research vessel, the Black Douglas, reasoning that euphausiid shrimps to the study of the in the continual shaking motion of the ship would an experimentally developed fishery, utilizing hatch- adequately mix the eggs with seawater. Since the ery-reared larval and juvenile plaice. The year in work required a constant cold temperature, the only Scotland with his family proved to be one of the location that met the requirement aboard the Black happiest in Reuben's life, leaving him with an abid- Douglas was deep within the bowels of the ship, ing affection for all things Scottish. accessible only by crawling into the confined space In October 1964, the Bureau of Commercial on hands and knees. Fisheries, Fishery-Oceanography Center, as it was It was also about this time that the Cahn elec- then called, was completed, adjacent to the campus trobalance, now a staple of well-equipped laborato- of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. It was ries was developed. The inventor himself set up an imposing structure of four concrete buildings the equipment in Reuben's T-2 1 where it was used grouped around a central courtyard, 220 feet above for weighing individual sardine eggs and larvae. the Pacific Ocean. The gray cottage, T-21, site of Reuben also took pride that he was one of the first many research accomplishments, was abandoned. scientists to use the carbon-hydrogen-nitrogen Reuben and his staff moved into a wing of the analyzer, and in fact field tested it for the company Center which was equipped with the most modem manufacturing the equipment. equipment and perhaps most importantly gave The laboratory soon became a magnet for access to an experimental seawater aquarium with visiting scientists, investigators, and graduate stu- temperature control rooms for physiological dents. During the summer months, high school studies and rearing experiments, all of which students labored at various tasks, measuring Reuben helped to design. euphausiid lengths, collecting limpets, and extract- With the move into his well-equipped new ing substances from the tube feet of starfish. From laboratory, Reuben assembled a dedicated cadre of his vantage point at a large wooden desk before a behaviorists, physiologists, oceanographers, popu- picture window with the panorama of the California lation dynamicists, and experimental biologists. At coastline curling north, Reuben supervised this this point in his professional life he had already activity, while continuing to author or co-author established a solid basis of scientific achievement numerous papers on energetics of euphausiids, on which others could build. His work on the energy energetics of sardines, physiology and ecology of exchange between fishes and their food supply, his fish larvae, and ultimately to studies of the mecha- work on osmoregulation by sardine embryos and nisms underlying recruitment of fishes. larvae, and his work on the effect of temperature on In 1963, Reuben organized a symposium on the growth and development of both sardine and larval fish biology that would encompass topics anchovy larvae were fundamental to understand the ranging from systematics of fish larvae to the tech- dynamics of fish populations and provided the sci- nology of fish rearing to the basic physiology of entific rationale for the project to rear pelagic single fish eggs and larvae. In the process Reuben marine fish in the laboratory. Subsequently, under forged close personal and professional links with Reuben's direction and leadership, more than 30 many of the scientists who attende6James Shel- species of pelagic fishes, including the commer- boume of the Fisheries Laboratory in Lowestoft, cially valuable sardine, anchovy, and mackerels, England Gotthilf Hempel of the lnstitut fur Hydro- were reared from eggs, through larvae, to subaduk biologie of the University of Hamburg; J. H. S. Blax- stages, for the first time ever in a laboratory. ter and F. G. T. Holliday of Aberdeen University; and Reuben's papers on marine and on others-associations which continued throughout the energy budget of clupeids in relation to their his life. planktonic food were widely read and quoted. His

380 paper on the feeding, growth, respiration, and car- National Academy of Sciences in its evaluation of bon utilization of a euphausiid crustacean became the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administra- a citation classic (Curient Contents, 1983, Wume tion‘s ocean research and development The 14,page 17). examiners wrote, “The Coastal Division represents With outstanding researchers and equipment, a center of excellence . . . the Division has a high particularly the facilities of the experimental sea- scientific awareness, much talent and enthusiasm, water aquarium, at his disposal, Reuben was able to and is doing some excellent research.” concentrate his research on ecological and physio- One remarkable example of how Reuben’s logical factors that would help answer one of the leadership and influence led to a major break- most important and fundamental questions in through is his role in developing the estimation fisheries: What determines how many young fish procedure for anchovy assessment He will survive the rigors of life in the sea to become was among the first to recognize the unique poten- reproducing adults? tial of this method and was responsible for bringing Ever the creative and imaginative scientist, together the disparate disciplines and people that Reuben constantly came up with fresh and innova- made it work. The method permits the estimate of tive scientific approaches. An example was an biomass from the ratio of the egg production rate in experiment in which he took anchovy larvae the sea to the daily fecundity of the spawning fish spawned in the Center’s seawater aquarium to sea stock. This new method of pelagic population in order to test his idea that laboratory-raised an- analyses was accomplished by a team effort and chovy could be used in lieu of naturally spawned was founded almost entirely on previous research larvae as an assay of conditions in the sea. done by Reuben and others, research which pro- Another remarkable idea came to Reuben vided the essential background information on when he was on a cruise to sample patches of larval which to build. In order to develop the anchovy food. Following a storm with strong winds that biomass assessment, a wide variety of studies on mixed and diluted the dense layer of larval forage sampling, statistical methodology, fish biology, from which he had drawn his samples, it occurred ecology, behavior, and physiology had to be made. to him that events and storms are detri- All of these studies added greatly to the knowledge mental to fish larvae because these events dilute of clupeoid biology. concentrations of larval food. He suggested that As of this writing, the biomass assessment larval survival increases during periods of weak method has been incorporated into the Northern winds when the coastal seas stratify and the forage Anchovy Management Plan as a guide for setting of larval fishes concentrates in layers. This “stability” anchovy fishing quotas in the coastal waters of the hypothesis has greatly interested oceanographers US. Pacific Coast and has been adapted in other and fishery biologists both in this country and countries such as South Africa and Peru. It is in- abroad and has stimulated efforts of individual re- creasingly viewed by many fisheries scientists as the searchers to study the definitive links between fish best current assessment technique for fishes with larvae and their microenvironment Now known as pelagic eggs. “Lasker Events” (see following article on “An In 1970, in response to a request from the eponym for Reuben Lasker” by Daniel Pauly), these administrators of the fisheries service, Reuben (with calm periods could be the key factor in larval sur- the able assistance of the late Lon Manar as the vival, and ultimately recruitment managing editor) undertook the task, as scientific The years passed quickly and happily for editor, of revitalizing the venerable U.S. Fishery Bul- Reuben. As Chief Scientist of what would become letin. Before 197l, the Fishery Bulletin appeared the Coastal Fisheries Resources Division, he irregularly for lack of sufficient contributions of directed the efforts of a multidisciplinary research merit. Authors sought other journals because it team and was signally successful in stimulating and took 2-3 years to get papers published in the Fish- inspiring his staff to pursue promising avenues of ery Bulletin. During Reuben’s first year as editor, the research. This record of research achievement re- Fishery Bulletin became a quarterly and the num- ceived mention in the review conducted by the ber of pages printed per year almost tripled. Be-

381 .. . REUBEN LASKLR: A Remembrance.. .

cause of his scientific reputation, Reuben was able tion and regard in which he was held by hundreds to attract to the pages of the Fishery Bulletin not of his colleagues throughout the world. only outstanding contributions from members of During his lifetime Reuben was the recipient of the NMFS staff but also major contributions from high honors. The US. Government awarded him scientists outside NMFS. He initiated and enforced the Meritorious Service Award of the U.S. Depart- a peer review system for reviewing manuscripts, not ment of the Interior (Silver Medal Award) in 1970 only for the Fishery Bulletin but also for other and the Distinguished Service Award of the U.S. NMFS publications. His impact on the scientific Department of Commerce (Gold Medal Award) in image, character, and tone projected by NMFS 1974. The Canadian Government's Bedford Insti- publications was a reflection of his own standards tute of Oceanography awarded him the Huntsman of scientific excellence and personal integrity. The Medal for Excellence in Biological Oceanography in revitalized Fishery Bulletin, an indispensable re- 1983. search journal to those in the field of fisheries, now Reuben's preeminent role as outstanding reaches several thousands of readers worldwide. researcher, his practical wisdom, wide experience, Reuben's contributions as Scientific Editor were and knowledge made him much sought after as a even more remarkable becaues he worked at this prime mover, advisor, and member of many pres- job only half-time while continuing his research on tigious committees, commissions, and boards fish physiology. where he served with distinction, most recently as a Reuben also served as an essential link to the member of the Ocean Studies Board of the Na- surrounding academic community, particularly the tional Academy of Sciences. nearby Scripps Institution of Oceanography with He maintained close ties with friends and col- which the fisheries laboratory had long maintained leagues around the world, through voluminous cor- close ties. In 1966 he received an appointment as respondence and telephone calls. He was ever the an Associate Professor of Marine Biology in Resi- optimist and many of his correspondents never dence at Scripps and in 1973 was appointed realized the gravity of his illness which re-occurred Adjunct Professor of Marine Biology. He supported in March of 1987. As his lifelong close friend, Dr. and encouraged his graduate students, and partici- Howard Feder of the University of Alaska wrote pated with his usual enthusiasm in faculty commit- later, "I can hear Reuben's voice in my head saying, tee work. It was most typical of Reuben that al- 'Goodbye, old buddy. Don't be sad. Idid everything though his strenm was sapped by his illness he I wanted; I have no regrets. Remember, Howie, life introduced his last graduate student at a thesis de- goes on! Enjoy yourself."' On April 27, 1988 his fense several days before his death with humor and friends scattered his ashes from the National wit. Marine Fisheries Service research vessel, Dauid During his 30 years as a government scientist Starr Jordan, appropriately enough, in the sea off he put together many workshops and meetings Point Loma, known as Lasker's Lake. which attracted scientists from all over the world For those of us lucky enough to have shared and fostered creative collaborative efforts. For this life with him, the thought of Reuben will always example, in recent years, he organized workshops bring the warmest memories. As his friend Lucian for the Sardine-Anchovy Recruitment Program Sprague wrote, "As long as there are friends who (SARP) which brought together scientists from all remember him, students to read his papers and to major upwelling regions of the world to develop a carry on his work, he will be very much with us in practical plan for studying recruitment. Major credit spirit." for the active and productive SARP programs that In the year which followed Reuben's death, his exist today in many parts of the world belongs to friends organized the Reuben Lasker Memorial Reuben's efforts and interest. Fund. The Fund is administered by the Coordinator He was a gregarious man who loved people of the California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries and conversation. He delighted in travel to the far Committee (CalCOFl) and is used for travel fellow- places of the world. Many of the letters received ships for students to attend the annual CalCOFl after his death testify eloquently to the warm affec- meeting. Anyone interested in contributing to the

382 fund may do so by writing to the CalCOFl Coordi- and for his outstanding contribu- nator, P.O. Box 271, La Jolla, CA 92038. Also in tions to research and management, 1988, the American Institute of Fishery Research Biologists posthumously awarded Reuben their Lillian L. Wmen Outstanding Achievement Award for his distin- ~~-?;&~;~e~~~;e~~lre. Noh guished lifetime career accomplishments in P 0 Box 271, La Jolla. CA 92038

An Eponym for Reuben Lirsker

Reuben Lasker published in 1975 and 1978 two largely devoted to following up on R. Lasker's work, papers in which he suggested that the main- the term "Lasker events" as an eponym for a period tenancdrough a "period of calm"-f thin of four calm days with winds less than 5 m s -'. layers of food-rich patches was crucial to the sur- The present volume provides an appropriate con- vival of newly hatched northern anchovy larvae. text to reiterate and refine this suggestion. These papers had an enormous influence on fish- Thus, to allow different authors to identify dif- eries research throughout the 198Os, as can be ferent hypotheses related to the effects of periods of easily assessed, e.g., through citation analysis. calm, I propose to use the notation "io Lasker Recently, Peterman and Bradford ( 1987, their event" for period of calm lasting i days and defined note No. 16) operationally defined the periods of by winds not exceedingj m s-'. Thus, e.g., calm alluded to above as periods of four consecu- Peterman and Bradford ( 1987) worked with "4/10 tive days with wind speed below 10 m s-'. They Lasker events", while Mendelssohn and Mendo also proposed to view periods of five consecutive (1987) worked with "4/5 Lasker events". calm days as two partly overlapping 4-day periods, This suggestion offers a parallel for the more period of six days as three partly overlapping general "Lasker-hypothesis"now widely used as an periods, etc. eponym for the mechanism proposed by Lasker I recently proposed (Pauly 1987),in a book ( 1978, 1985).

References

Lasker, R. ecosystem: three decades of change, p. 1975. Field criteria for survival of anchovy larvae: 294-306. IClARM Studies and Reviews 15. the relation between inshore chloroohvll., 351 p. lnstituto del Mar del Peru (WE), maximum layers and successful first feeding. Callao, Peru; Deutsche Gesellschaft fiir Tech- Fish. Bull.. U. S. 73:453462. nische Zusarnmenarbeit (GTZ). GmbH. Esch- 1978. The relation between oceanographic condi- born, Federal Republic of Germany and Interna- tions and anchovy food in the Cali6mia Current: tional Center for Living Aquatic Resources identification of factors contributing to recruit- Management (ICIARM), Manila, Philippines. ment failure. Rapp. P.-v. Reun. Cons. int Pauly, D. Explor. Mer 173212230. 1987. Managing the Peruvian upwelling ecosys- Mendelssohn, R.. and J. Mendo. tem: a synthesis. In D. Pauly and I. Tsukayarna 1987. Exploratoiy analysis of anchoveta recruit- (editors). The Perwian anchoveta and its upwell- ment off Peru and related environmental ing ecosystem: three decades of change, p. 325- series. In D. Pauly and 1. Tsukayarna (editors), 342. ICIARM Studies and Reviews 15. The Peruvian anchoveta and its upwelling 351 p. InsMuto del Mar del Peru (WE).

383 . REUBEN IASKER: A Remembrance

Callao, Peru; Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Tech- fish, the northern anchovy (Engraulis nische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ), GmbH, Esch- rnordax). Science (Wash.) 235:354-356. born, Federal Republic of Germany and Interna- tional Center for Living Aquatic Resources Daniel Pauly Management (ICLARM). Manila, Philippines. lnternahonal Center for Peterman, R. M., and M. J. Bradford. Living Aquahc Resources 1987. Wind speed and mortality rate of a marine Management, lCWConlribubon No. 535.

Published - Reuben Lasker

Lasker, Reuben. and Charles E. Lane. Lasker, Reuben, and Gail H. Theilacker. 1953. The origin and distribution of nitrogen in 1962. Oxygen consumption and osmoregulation Teredo bartschi Clapp. Biol. Bull. 105316319. by single Pacific sardine eggs and larvae (Sar- Lasker. Reuben, and Arthur C. Giese. dinops caerulea Girard). J. Cons. 2725-33. 1954. Nutrition of the sea urchin Strongylocen- Lasker, Reuben, and Gail H. Theilacker. trotus purpuratus. Biol. Bull. 106328-340. 1962. The fatty acid composition of the lipids of Lasker. Reuben, and F. G. W. Smith. some Pacific sardine tissues in relation to ovarian 1954. Red in Gulf of Mexico, its origin, waters maturation and diet J. Lipid Res. 3:60-64. and . US. Fish Wildl. Serv., Fish. Bull. Lasker. Reuben. 55: 173-1 76. 1962. Efficiency and rate of yolk utilization by Lasker, Reuben, and Arthur C. Giese. developing embryos and larvae of the Pacific 1956. Cellulose digestion by the silverfish. Cteno- sardine, Sardinops caerulea Girard. J. Fish. lepisma lineata. J. Exp. Biol. 3354.2-553. Res. Board of Can. 19B67-875. Lasker, Reuben. Boolootian. Richard A. and Reuben Lasker. 1957. Silverfish. a paper-eating insect Sci. 1964. Digestion of brown algae and the distribu- Monthly 84:123-127. tion of nutrients in the purple sea urchin, Lasker. Reuben, and R. W. Holmes. Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Comp. 1957. Variability in retention of marine phyto- Biochem. Physiol. 1 1273-269. plankton by membrane filters. Nature Lasker, Reuben. 180:1295-12%. 1964. An experimental study of the effect of Giese. Arthur C., L Greenfield, H. Huang, A. temperature on the incubation time, development Farmanfannaian. R. Boolootian. and R. Lasker. and growth of Pacific sardine embryos and 1958. Organic in the reproductive larvae. Copeia 1964:39W05. cycle of the purple sea urchin. Biol. Bull. Lasker. Reuben. 1 16:49-58. 1964. Moulting frequency of a deep sea crus- Lasker, Reuben. tacean, Euphausia pacifica. Nature 203:96. 1958. Cellulases in insects. In Friday Harbor Holliday. F. G. T., John H. S. Blaxter. and Reuben Symp. Mar. Biol., p. 34S358. Clniv. Wash. Lasker. Press. 1964. Oxygen uptake of developing eggs and Eppley. Richard W., and R. Lasker. larvae of the herring (Clupeaharengus L.), J. 1959. Alginase in the sea urchin, Strongylocen- Mar. Biol. hsoc. U.K. 44:711-723. trotus purpuratus. Science 1292 1&2 15. Feder, Howard M., and Reuben Lasker. Lasker. Reuben. 1964. Partial purification of a substance from star- 1959. Utliition and excretion of organic nitrogen fish tube feet which elicits escape responses in by the silverfish, Ctenolepisrna lineata. J. Insect gastropod molluscs. Life Sci. 8:1047-1051. Physiol. 3:M-91. Lasker, Reuben, and Gall H. Theilacker. Lasker. Reuben. 1965. Maintenance of euphausiid shrimps in the 1960. Utilization of organic carbon by a marine laboratory. Limnol. Oceanogr. 10287-288. crustacean: analysis with carbon-14. Science Lasker. Reuben. 13I :1098-1 I 00. 1965. The physiology of Pacific sardine embryos Lasker. Reuben, and Richard A. Boolootian. and larvae. Calif. Coop. Oceanic Fish. Invest 1960. Digestion of alga, Macrocystis pyrifera. by Rep. 1096-100. the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus Jerde. Charles W., and Reuben Lasker. purpuratus. Nature 188. 1966. Molting of euphausiid shrimps: shipboard 384 observations. Limnol. Oceanogr. 11:120-124. Lewis, U. J.. R. N. P. Singh, B. K. Seavey, R. Lasker, Lasker. Reuben. and G. E. Pickford. 1966. Feeding, growth, respiration and carbon 1972. Growth hormone - and prolactin-like utilization of a euphausiid crustacean. J. Fish. proteins of the blue shark (Prionace glauca). Fish. Res. Board Can. 23:1291-1317. Fish. Bull., U.S. 70:933-939. Threadgold, L T.. and Reuben Lasker. TheUacker, G. H., and R. Lasker. 1967. Mitochondriogenesis in integumentary cells 1973. Laboratory studies of by of the larval sardine (Sardinops caerulea). J. euphausiid shrimps on fish larvae. In J. H. S. Ultrastrud Res. 19238-249. Blaxter (editor), The early life history of fish, p. Feder, Howard M.. and Reuben Lasker. 287-299. Springer-Verlag. Berl. 1968. A radula muscle preparation from the Lasker. Reuben. gastropod Kelletia kellelii for biochemical 1974. Induced maturation and spawning of assays. Veliger 10238-285. pelagic marine fish at the Southwest Fisheries Lasker, Reuben, and Lawrence T. Threadgold. Center, La Jolla. California. Proc. 5th Annual 1968. “Chloride cells” in the skin of the larval Meeting of the World Mariculture Society - sardine. Exp. Cell Res. 52:582-590. Charleston, South Carolina, p. 313-318. Mackie, A. M., R. Lasker. and P. T. Grant. Kittredge, J. S., F. T. Takahashi, J. Lindsay, and R. 1968. Avoidance reactions of a mollusc Lasker. Buccinum undaturn, to saponin-like surface 1974. Chemical signals in the sea: marine alle- active substances in extracts of the starfish lochemics and evolution. Fish. Bull., US. Asterias rubens and Marthasteridsglacialis. 72: 1-12. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 26:415428. Lasker. Reuben. Pearcy. William G., Gail H. Theilacker. and Reuben 1975. Field criteria for survival of anchovy larvae: Lasker. the relation between inshore chlorophyll maxi- 1969. Oxygen consumption of Euphausia pa- mum layers and successful first feeding. Fish. cifica: the lack of a diel rhythm or light-dark effect, Bull.. US. 73453462. with a comparison of experimental techniques. Keifer, Dale A., and Reuben Lasker. Limnol. Oceanogr. 14:219-223. 1975. Two blooms of Gymnodinium splendens Lasker. Reuben, and UUian L men. Lebour, an unarmored . Fish. 1969. Experimental sea-water aquarium, Bureau Bull.. US. 73:675-678. of Commercial Fisheries, Fishery- Oceanography Brothers, E. B., C .P. Mathews, and R. Lasker. Center, La Jolla, California. US. Fish Wildl. Sew., 1975. Daily growth increments in otoliths from Circ. 334, 14 p. larval and adult fishes. Fish. Bull.. US. 741-8. Lasker, Reuben, J. B. J. WeUs. and A. D. Mclntyre. Zweifel, James R., and Reuben Lasker. 1970. Growth, reproduction, respiration and 1976. Pre- and post-hatch growth of fishes - a carbon utilization of the sand dwelling harpac- general model. Fish. Bull., US. 74609621. ticoid , Asellopsis intermedia. J. Mar. Lasker, Reuben, and Paul E. Smith. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 50147-160. 1977. Estimation of the effects of environmental Lasker. Reuben, Howard M. Feder, Gail H. Theilacker, variations on the eggs and larvae of the northern and Robert C. May. anchovy. Calif. Coop. Oceanic Fish. Invest Rep. 1970. Feeding, growth. and survival of Engraulis I 912~-137. rnordax larvae reared in the laboratoly. Mar. Lal, Krishan, Reuben Lasker. and Andrew Kuljis. Biol. 5345-353. 1977. Acclimation and rearing of striped bass Lasker, Reuben. larvae in sea water. Calif. Fish Game 1970. Utilization of energy by a 63:210-218. Pacific sardine population in the California Cur- Lasker, Reuben. rent. In J. H. Steele (editor), Marine food chains, 1978. The relation between oceanographic condi- p. 265-284. Univ. Calif. Press. tions and larval anchovy food in the California hitchard, A. W.. J. R. Hunter, and R. Lasker. Current: Identification of factors contributing to 1971. The relation between exercise and bio- recruitment failure. Rapp. P.-v. Reun. Cons. int chemical changes in red and white muscle and Explor. Mer 173:2 12-230. liver in the jack mackerel, Trachurus symmet- Lasker, Reuben. ricus. Fish. Bull., US. 6937SL386. 1978. Ocean variability and its biological effects. LiUelund. K., and R. Lasker. Regional review - Northwest Pacific. Rapp. P.-v. 197 1. Laboratory studies of predation by marine Reun. Cons. int Explor. Mer 173168-181. on fish larvae. Fish. Bull.. US. Smith, Paul E., and Reuben Lasker. 69:655667. 1978. Position of larval fish in an ecosystem. Lasker. Reuben, Richard H. Tenaza, and Lawrence L Rapp. P.-v. Reun. Cons. int Explor. Mer Chamberlain. 173:77-84. 1972. The reswnse of Salton Sea fish was and Lasker, Reuben, and James R. Zweifel. larvae to salin’ity stress. Calif. Fish Game 1978. Growth and sunrival of first-feeding 5858-66. northern anchovy larvae (Engraulis mordax) in

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patches containing different proportions of large Sherman, K., R. Lasker, W. Richards, and A. W. and small prey. In J. H. Steele (editor), Spatial Kendall, Jr. pattern in plankton communities, p. 329-354. 1983. and fish recruitment Plenum Press, N.Y. studies in large marine ecosystems. Mar. Fish. Lasker, Reuben. Rev. 45(10-11-12):l-25. 1978. Fishing for anchovies off California. Mar. Lasker, R.. Alec MacCall. Poll. Bull. 9:320-32 1. 1983. New ideas on the fluctuations of the Lasker, Reuben, and John C. Brown. clupeoid stocks off California. Proc. Joint 1980. Free-fall counter for ocean Oceanographic Assembly 1982 - General surveys. Calif. Coop. Oceanic Fish. Invest Rep. Symposia, Ottawa, p. 110-120. 2 1 :207-210. Lasker. R. Lasker. R., J. Pelaez, and R. M. Laurs. 1984. "Dr. Ahlstrom" in ontogeny and systematics 1981. The use of satellite infrared imagery for de- of fishes. Am. Soc. Ichthyol. Herpetol., Spec. scribing ocean processes in relation to spawning Publ. No. 1, p. ix. of the northern anchovy (Engraulis rnordrut). Lasker, R. Remote Sens. Environ. 11:439453. 1985. What limits clupeoid production? Can. J. Lasker. R. (editor). Fish. Aquat Sci. 42,suppl. 1:31-38. 1981. Marine fish larvae: morphology, ecology Lasker, R. (editor). and relation to fisheries. Univ. Wash. Sea Grant 1985. An egg production method for estimating Publ., Univ. Wash. Press, 131 p. spawning biomass of : Application to Lasker. R. the northern anchovy, Engraulis mordax U.S. 1981. The role of a stable ocean in larval fish Dep. Commer.. NOMTech. Rep. NMFS 36, survival and subsequent recruitment In R. 99 p. Lasker (editor), Marine fish larvae, morphology, Lasker, Reuben. ecology and relation to fisheries. p. 80-87. Univ. 1987. Use of fish eggs and larvae in probing some Wash. Press. major problems in fisheries and aquaculture. Am. Lasker, R. Fish. Soc. Symp. 21-16. 1981. Factors contributing to variable recruitment Lasker. Reuben. of the northem anchovy (Engradis mordax) in 1988. Food chains and fisheries: An assessment the California Current contrasting years, 1975 after 20 years. In B. J. Rothxhild (editor). through 1978. Rapp. P.-v. Reun. Cons. int Toward a theory on biological-physical interac- Explor. Mer 176375388. tions in the world ocean. p. 173-182. Kluwer Lasker, R.. and K. Sherman (editors). Acad. Publ. 1981. The early life history of fish recent studies, Lasker. Reuben. 2nd ICES Syposium. 1979. Rapp. P.-v. Reun. 1988. Studies on the northern anchovy; biology, Cons. int. Explor. Mer 178,605p. recruitment and fishery oceanography. Studies Rothschild, B. J.. E. D. Houde. and R. Lasker. on Fisheries Oceanography. Edited by the 1982. Causes of fish stock fluctuation: Problem Japanese Society of Fisheries Oceanography. p. setting and perspectives. In Fish ecology 111. p. 23-42. 39-86. Univ. Miami Tech. Rep. No. 82008. Lasker. R. 1982. State of research. ln Fish ecology 111. p. 87-95. Univ. Miami Tech. Rep. No. 82008.

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