DOCSLIB.ORG

Global Biogeographical Patterns of Plankton in Response to Climate Change

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Global biogeographical patterns of plankton in response to climate change By Ernesto Villarino A thesis submitted to the University of the Basque Country for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Thesis Directors Dr. Guillem Chust Dr. Xabier Irigoien Doctoral programme Marine Environment and Resources Department Plant Biology and Ecology University of the Basque Country Year 2016 (c)2017 ERNESTO VILLARINO PRADO The research carried out in this Dr. Philos thesis has been developed in AZTI and it has been financed by: Iñaki Goenaga – Fundacion Centros Tecnologicos (IG –ZTF) with a pre-doctoral training grant for the years 2012-2016 And it has been part of the following projects and co-founders: EURO-BASIN (European Union Basin-Scale Analysis, Synthesis and Integration), funded by the European Commission (Contract No. 264933). http://www.euro-basin.eu/ DEVOTES (DEVelopment Of innovative Tools for understanding marine biodiversity and assessing good Environmental Status) project, funded by the European Union under the 7th Framework Program. http://www.devotes- project.eu/ Malaspina 2010 Circumnavigation Expedition, funded by Consolider- Ingenio 2010,CSD2008-00077. http://www.expedicionmalaspina.es/Malaspina/Main.do Basque Government (Department Deputy of Agriculture, Fishing and Food Policy). A mi madre Please cite this document as: Villarino, E. 2016. Global biogeographical patterns of plankton in response to climate change. PhD Thesis. Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country, 223p. Cover illustration: Ion Zubiaurre Ros www.onyon.org. Photo by Sharif Mirshak, from "Plankton - Wonders of the Drifting World" by Christian Sardet http://planktonchronicles.org/en/the-project/ Acknowledgements It`s been fun to work with you Guillem! Despite you like soul and I love jazz, we rock it out! Thanks for helping me every time I sang out of tune. Said that, we played amazing material during these 4 years, both at winter and in summer! Xabier, what a pleasure to have you!! Thanks for the timely interactions that kept spirits high and for reminding me every full moon that it is the courage to continue what it counts for success. Honestly, having you both as directors made it easier to get things done, no matter the challenge we always tried!!! Thanks Javi Franco for that coffee in that bar. Leire Citores, for your time and help, at both rough and calm seas, I wish this only to be the start of many fruitful collaborations; you are a good one, talent all over! Aitor Larrañaga, for your boundless support in times of trouble. Thanks Ionan Marigomez, you are the boss (in a politically correct way).Tor Knutsen, from IMR Norway, for your advice “Keep it simple, just do it!” when we were off Greenland, by the Irminger Sea, at full-storm, approaching the North Pole… Johannes Paetch, Markus Kreus and Jian Su from ZMAW Hamburg, for being always by myside. Fernando Villate, thanks for sharing your passion for science. Oihana Solaun thanks for the last minute big help. Special appreciation to my AZTI colleagues and friends, who made my stage warm and pleasant, and helped me both morally and technically: Carlitos my brother, Maddito, Varona (el cabra), Evita, Neretxu, Corellix, Peter, Antoine, Sonia, Agur, Maite, Pınarbaşı, Basterre, N. Goikoetxea, Itsaso, Julien, Lucho, L.Ibaibarriaga, Bubu, Unaitxo, Lopez, Isa, Blanki, Pecoraro, Sarai, Iraide, Aizkorri, Mireia, Nagores, Ane, María, Curtin, Axelle, Marine, Fermin… También agradezco el apoyo del mejor osteópata de la noche, el gran Dani Irusta, brindemos por esas tantas olas que nos quedan por pillar, bro! A esos dos personajes de Elgoibar que tanto me quieren, gracias brothers. A ti, por esas noches de insomnio, por esos tantos rooibos, por esos paseos noctámbulos. Gracias por aguantarme durante el último tercio de esta tesis, tanto en la lluvia como al sol. Pero sobre todo agradezco a mi familia, a Patricia, al aita, y a la ama. La familia telerín. Por creer en mí y apoyarme incondicionalmente en todo momento para conseguir todas esas metas que me he propuesto. Por empujarme a explorar nuevos océanos. Ahora empieza el rock’n roll, let’s get the party started! Table of contents SUMMARY ....................................................................................................................................................... 1 RESUMEN ......................................................................................................................................................... 5 0. GENERAL INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 11 0.1 PLANKTON BIOGEOGRAPHY AND GENERAL CONCEPTS .............................................................................................. 11 0.1.1 Zooplankton as sentinels of climate change ....................................................................................... 13 0.1.2 Methods to study zooplankton distribution ........................................................................................ 14 0.2 SPECIES ECOLOGICAL NICHE............................................................................................................................... 16 0.2.1 Niche-theory ....................................................................................................................................... 16 0.2.2 Species Distribution Models ................................................................................................................ 19 0.3 COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AND MARINE BIODIVERSITY .............................................................................................. 24 0.3.1 Dispersal and connectivity .................................................................................................................. 24 0.3.2 Genetic flow ........................................................................................................................................ 27 0.3.3 Community assembly .......................................................................................................................... 28 0.3.4 Neutral theory of biodiversity ............................................................................................................. 31 0.4 CLIMATE CHANGE THREATS ................................................................................................................................ 33 0.4.1 Climate change impacts on marine organism and ecosystems .......................................................... 34 0.4.2 Climatic scenario for the XXI century .................................................................................................. 38 0.5 HYPOTHESIS AND OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................................. 39 0.6 THESIS STRUCTURE .......................................................................................................................................... 42 0.7 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS AND ORAL COMMUNICATIONS .............................................................................................. 43 PART I: CLIMATE CHANGE AND HABITAT MODELLING OF PLANKTON ......................... 47 1. CHAPTER 1: “LONG-TERM TRENDS OF ZOOPLANKTON AND SEA WARMING ACROSS THE NORTH ATLANTIC AND MEDITERRANEAN SEA” .......................................... 49 1.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................... 51 1.2 METHODS ...................................................................................................................................................... 53 1.2.1 Study sites ........................................................................................................................................... 53 1.2.2 Sea temperature time-series .............................................................................................................. 55 1.2.3 Species by species analysis ................................................................................................................. 55 1.2.4 Community analysis ............................................................................................................................ 60 1.2.5 Correlations of species turnover with time and environmental predictors......................................... 61 1.3 RESULTS ........................................................................................................................................................ 62 1.3.1 Temperature trends ............................................................................................................................ 62 1.3.2 Species by species analysis ................................................................................................................. 63 1.3.3 Community analysis ............................................................................................................................ 63 1.4 DISCUSSION .................................................................................................................................................... 69 2. CHAPTER 2: “MODELLING THE FUTURE BIOGEOGRAPHY OF NORTH ATLANTIC ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITIES IN RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE” .......................... 75 2.1 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Effects of Ocean Warming and Acidification on Fertilization Success and Early Larval Development in the Green Sea Urchin, Lytechinus Variegatus Brittney L

    Effects of Ocean Warming and Acidification on Fertilization Success and Early Larval Development in the Green Sea Urchin, Lytechinus Variegatus Brittney L

    Nova Southeastern University NSUWorks HCNSO Student Theses and Dissertations HCNSO Student Work 12-1-2017 Effects of Ocean Warming and Acidification on Fertilization Success and Early Larval Development in the Green Sea Urchin, Lytechinus variegatus Brittney L. Lenz Nova Southeastern University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd Part of the Marine Biology Commons, and the Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology Commons Share Feedback About This Item NSUWorks Citation Brittney L. Lenz. 2017. Effects of Ocean Warming and Acidification on Fertilization Success and Early Larval Development in the Green Sea Urchin, Lytechinus variegatus. Master's thesis. Nova Southeastern University. Retrieved from NSUWorks, . (457) https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/457. This Thesis is brought to you by the HCNSO Student Work at NSUWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in HCNSO Student Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of NSUWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Thesis of Brittney L. Lenz Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science M.S. Marine Biology Nova Southeastern University Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography December 2017 Approved: Thesis Committee Major Professor: Joana Figueiredo Committee Member: Nicole Fogarty Committee Member: Charles Messing This thesis is available at NSUWorks: https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/457 HALMOS COLLEGE OF NATURAL SCIENCES AND
  • Seasonal Dynamics of Meroplankton in a High-Latitude Fjord

    Seasonal Dynamics of Meroplankton in a High-Latitude Fjord

    1 Seasonal dynamics of meroplankton in a high-latitude fjord 2 3 Helena Kling Michelsen*1, Camilla Svensen1, Marit Reigstad1, Einar Magnus Nilssen1, 4 Torstein Pedersen1 5 6 1Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, 7 Norway 8 9 * Corresponding author: [email protected] 10 Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, 11 Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, 12 UiT the Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway. 1 13 Abstract 14 Knowledge on the seasonal timing and composition of pelagic larvae of many benthic 15 invertebrates, referred to as meroplankton, is limited for high-latitude fjords and coastal areas. 16 We investigated the seasonal dynamics of meroplankton in the sub-Arctic Porsangerfjord 17 (70˚N), Norway, by examining their seasonal changes in relation to temperature, chlorophyll 18 a and salinity. Samples were collected at two stations between February 2013 and August 19 2014. We identified 41 meroplanktonic taxa from eight phyla. Multivariate analysis indicated 20 different meroplankton compositions in winter, spring, early summer and late summer. More 21 larvae appeared during spring and summer, forming two peaks in meroplankton abundance. 22 The spring peak was dominated by cirripede nauplii, and late summer peak was dominated by 23 bivalve veligers. Moreover, spring meroplankton were the dominant component in the 24 zooplankton community this season. In winter, low abundances and few meroplanktonic taxa 25 were observed. Timing for a majority of meroplankton correlated with primary production 26 and temperature. The presence of meroplankton in the water column through the whole year 27 and at times dominant in the zooplankton community, suggests that they, in addition to being 28 important for benthic recruitment, may play a role in the pelagic ecosystem as grazers on 29 phytoplankton and as prey for other organisms.
  • Trophic Ecology of Gelatinous Zooplankton in Oceanic Food Webs of the Eastern Tropical Atlantic Assessed by Stable Isotope Analysis

    Trophic Ecology of Gelatinous Zooplankton in Oceanic Food Webs of the Eastern Tropical Atlantic Assessed by Stable Isotope Analysis

    Limnol. Oceanogr. 9999, 2020, 1–17 © 2020 The Authors. Limnology and Oceanography published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography. doi: 10.1002/lno.11605 Tackling the jelly web: Trophic ecology of gelatinous zooplankton in oceanic food webs of the eastern tropical Atlantic assessed by stable isotope analysis Xupeng Chi ,1,2* Jan Dierking,2 Henk-Jan Hoving,2 Florian Lüskow,3,4 Anneke Denda,5 Bernd Christiansen,5 Ulrich Sommer,2 Thomas Hansen,2 Jamileh Javidpour2,6 1CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China 2Marine Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany 3Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada 4Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada 5Institute of Marine Ecosystem and Fishery Science (IMF), Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany 6Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark Abstract Gelatinous zooplankton can be present in high biomass and taxonomic diversity in planktonic oceanic food webs, yet the trophic structuring and importance of this “jelly web” remain incompletely understood. To address this knowledge gap, we provide a holistic trophic characterization of a jelly web in the eastern tropical Atlantic, based on δ13C and δ15N stable isotope analysis of a unique gelatinous zooplankton sample set. The jelly web covered most of the isotopic niche space of the entire planktonic oceanic food web, spanning > 3 tro- phic levels, ranging from herbivores (e.g., pyrosomes) to higher predators (e.g., ctenophores), highlighting the diverse functional roles and broad possible food web relevance of gelatinous zooplankton.
  • Zooplankton Chapters 6-8 in Miller for More Details 1. Crustaceans- Include Shrimp, Copepods, Euphausiids ("Krill") 2

    Zooplankton Chapters 6-8 in Miller for More Details 1. Crustaceans- Include Shrimp, Copepods, Euphausiids ("Krill") 2

    Ocean Processes and Ecology Spring 2004 Zooplankton Chapters 6-8 in Miller for more details I. Major Groups Heterotrophs— consume organic matter rather than manufacturing it, as do autotrophs. Zooplankton can be: herbivores carnivores (several levels) detritus feeders omnivores Zooplankton, in addition to being much smaller than familiar land animals, have shorter generation times and grow more rapidly (in terms of % of body wt / day). 1. Crustaceans- include shrimp, copepods, euphausiids ("krill") Characteristics: Copepods, euphausiids and shrimp superficially resemble one another. All have: • exoskeletons of chitin • jointed appendages • 2 pair of antennae • complex body structure, with well developed internal organs and sensory organs Habitats: Ubiquitous. • Euphausiids predominate in the Antarctic Ocean, but are common in most temperate and polar oceans. • Copepods are found everywhere, but are less important in low-productivity areas of the ocean - the "central ocean gyres". They are found at all depths but are more abundant near the surface. Role in food webs: • Euphausiids and copepods are filter-feeders. Copepods are usually herbivores, while the larger euphausiids consume both phytoplankton and other zooplankton. • Shrimp are usually carnivores or scavengers. 2. Chaetognaths - ("Arrow worms") Characteristics: • 2-3 cm long • wormlike, but non-segmented • no appendages (legs or antennae) • complex body structure with internal organs Habitat: Ubiquitous Ocean Processes and Ecology Spring 2004 Role in food web: Carnivore feeding on small zooplankton such as copepods. 3. Protozoan - Include foraminifera, radiolarians, tintinnids and "microflagellates" ca. 0.002 mm Characteristics: • Single-celled animals. • Forams have calcareous shell • Radiolarians have siliceous shell. • Both Forams and Radiolarians have spines. Habitat: Ubiquitous • Radiolarians are especially abundant in the Pacific equatorial upwelling region.
  • Biological Oceanography - Legendre, Louis and Rassoulzadegan, Fereidoun

    Biological Oceanography - Legendre, Louis and Rassoulzadegan, Fereidoun

    OCEANOGRAPHY – Vol.II - Biological Oceanography - Legendre, Louis and Rassoulzadegan, Fereidoun BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY Legendre, Louis and Rassoulzadegan, Fereidoun Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, France. Keywords: Algae, allochthonous nutrient, aphotic zone, autochthonous nutrient, Auxotrophs, bacteria, bacterioplankton, benthos, carbon dioxide, carnivory, chelator, chemoautotrophs, ciliates, coastal eutrophication, coccolithophores, convection, crustaceans, cyanobacteria, detritus, diatoms, dinoflagellates, disphotic zone, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved organic matter (DOM), ecosystem, eukaryotes, euphotic zone, eutrophic, excretion, exoenzymes, exudation, fecal pellet, femtoplankton, fish, fish lavae, flagellates, food web, foraminifers, fungi, harmful algal blooms (HABs), herbivorous food web, herbivory, heterotrophs, holoplankton, ichthyoplankton, irradiance, labile, large planktonic microphages, lysis, macroplankton, marine snow, megaplankton, meroplankton, mesoplankton, metazoan, metazooplankton, microbial food web, microbial loop, microheterotrophs, microplankton, mixotrophs, mollusks, multivorous food web, mutualism, mycoplankton, nanoplankton, nekton, net community production (NCP), neuston, new production, nutrient limitation, nutrient (macro-, micro-, inorganic, organic), oligotrophic, omnivory, osmotrophs, particulate organic carbon (POC), particulate organic matter (POM), pelagic, phagocytosis, phagotrophs, photoautotorphs, photosynthesis, phytoplankton, phytoplankton bloom, picoplankton, plankton,
  • Phytoplankton

    Phytoplankton

    Phytoplankton • What are the phytoplankton? • How do the main groups differ? Phytoplankton Zooplankton Nutrients Plankton “wandering” or “drifting” (incapable of sustained, directed horizontal movement) www.shellbackdon.com Nekton Active swimmers Components of the Plankton Virioplankton: Viruses Bacterioplankton: Bacteria — free living planktobacteria; epibacteria attached to larger particles Mycoplankton: Fungi Phytoplankton: Photosynthetic microalgae, cyanobacteria, and prochlorophytes Zooplankton: Heterotrophic — Protozooplankton (unicellular) and Metazooplankton (larval and adult crustaceans, larval fish, coelenterates…) Components of the Phytoplankton: Older scheme Netplankton: Plankton that is retained on a net or screen, usually Inspecting a small plankton 20 - 100 µm net. In: "From the Surface to the Bottom of the Sea" by H. Nanoplankton: Plankton that Bouree, 1912, Fig. 49, p. 61. passes the net, but Library Call Number 525.8 B77. which is > 2 µm Ultrananoplankton: Plankton < 2µm Components of the Plankton (older scheme) Netplankton: Plankton that is retained on a net or screen, usually 20 - 100 µm Nanoplankton: Plankton that passes the net, but which is > 2 µm Ultrananoplankton: Plankton < 2µm Microzooplankton: Zooplankton in the microplankton (i.e., < 200 µm) Length Scales to Define Plankton Groups Sieburth, J. M., Smetacek, V. and Lenz, J. (1978). Pelagic ecosystem structure: Heterotrophic compartments of the plankton and their relationship to plankton size fractions. Limnol. Oceanogr. 23: 1256-1263. Terminology and Scales:
  • Seasonal Variation of the Sound-Scattering Zooplankton Vertical Distribution in the Oxygen-Deficient Waters of the NE Black

    Seasonal Variation of the Sound-Scattering Zooplankton Vertical Distribution in the Oxygen-Deficient Waters of the NE Black

    Ocean Sci., 17, 953–974, 2021 https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-953-2021 © Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Seasonal variation of the sound-scattering zooplankton vertical distribution in the oxygen-deficient waters of the NE Black Sea Alexander G. Ostrovskii, Elena G. Arashkevich, Vladimir A. Solovyev, and Dmitry A. Shvoev Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 36, Nakhimovsky prospekt, Moscow, 117997, Russia Correspondence: Alexander G. Ostrovskii ([email protected]) Received: 10 November 2020 – Discussion started: 8 December 2020 Revised: 22 June 2021 – Accepted: 23 June 2021 – Published: 23 July 2021 Abstract. At the northeastern Black Sea research site, obser- layers is important for understanding biogeochemical pro- vations from 2010–2020 allowed us to study the dynamics cesses in oxygen-deficient waters. and evolution of the vertical distribution of mesozooplank- ton in oxygen-deficient conditions via analysis of sound- scattering layers associated with dominant zooplankton ag- gregations. The data were obtained with profiler mooring and 1 Introduction zooplankton net sampling. The profiler was equipped with an acoustic Doppler current meter, a conductivity–temperature– The main distinguishing feature of the Black Sea environ- depth probe, and fast sensors for the concentration of dis- ment is its oxygen stratification with an oxygenated upper solved oxygen [O2]. The acoustic instrument conducted ul- layer 80–200 m thick and the underlying waters contain- trasound (2 MHz) backscatter measurements at three angles ing hydrogen sulfide (Andrusov, 1890; see also review by while being carried by the profiler through the oxic zone. For Oguz et al., 2006).
  • Zooplankton Community Response to Seasonal Hypoxia: a Test of Three Hypotheses

    Zooplankton Community Response to Seasonal Hypoxia: a Test of Three Hypotheses

    diversity Article Zooplankton Community Response to Seasonal Hypoxia: A Test of Three Hypotheses Julie E. Keister *, Amanda K. Winans and BethElLee Herrmann School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Box 357940, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; [email protected] (A.K.W.); [email protected] (B.H.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 7 November 2019; Accepted: 28 December 2019; Published: 1 January 2020 Abstract: Several hypotheses of how zooplankton communities respond to coastal hypoxia have been put forward in the literature over the past few decades. We explored three of those that are focused on how zooplankton composition or biomass is affected by seasonal hypoxia using data collected over two summers in Hood Canal, a seasonally-hypoxic sub-basin of Puget Sound, Washington. We conducted hydrographic profiles and zooplankton net tows at four stations, from a region in the south that annually experiences moderate hypoxia to a region in the north where oxygen remains above hypoxic levels. The specific hypotheses tested were that low oxygen leads to: (1) increased dominance of gelatinous relative to crustacean zooplankton, (2) increased dominance of cyclopoid copepods relative to calanoid copepods, and (3) overall decreased zooplankton abundance and biomass at hypoxic sites compared to where oxygen levels are high. Additionally, we examined whether the temporal stability of community structure was decreased by hypoxia. We found evidence of a shift toward more gelatinous zooplankton and lower total zooplankton abundance and biomass at hypoxic sites, but no clear increase in the dominance of cyclopoid relative to calanoid copepods. We also found the lowest variance in community structure at the most hypoxic site, in contrast to our prediction.
  • TUNEL Apoptotic Cell Detection in Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease (SCTLD): Evaluation of Potential and Improvements

    TUNEL Apoptotic Cell Detection in Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease (SCTLD): Evaluation of Potential and Improvements

    Nova Southeastern University NSUWorks All HCAS Student Capstones, Theses, and Dissertations HCAS Student Theses and Dissertations 12-2-2020 TUNEL apoptotic cell detection in stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD): evaluation of potential and improvements E. Murphy McDonald Nova Southeastern University Follow this and additional works at: https://nsuworks.nova.edu/hcas_etd_all Part of the Biology Commons, Cell and Developmental Biology Commons, Immunology and Infectious Disease Commons, and the Marine Biology Commons Share Feedback About This Item NSUWorks Citation E. Murphy McDonald. 2020. TUNEL apoptotic cell detection in stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD): evaluation of potential and improvements. Master's thesis. Nova Southeastern University. Retrieved from NSUWorks, . (32) https://nsuworks.nova.edu/hcas_etd_all/32. This Thesis is brought to you by the HCAS Student Theses and Dissertations at NSUWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in All HCAS Student Capstones, Theses, and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of NSUWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Thesis of E. Murphy McDonald Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Marine Science Nova Southeastern University Halmos College of Arts and Sciences December 2020 Approved: Thesis Committee Major Professor: Joana Figueiredo, Ph.D. Committee Member: Esther C. Peters, Ph.D. Committee Member: Dorothy A. Renegar, Ph.D. This thesis is available at NSUWorks: https://nsuworks.nova.edu/hcas_etd_all/32
  • T Memo Y of Dr. Reuben Lasker Who, Until

    T Memo Y of Dr. Reuben Lasker Who, Until

    HIS ISMOF THE Fishery Bulletin is in memoy of Dr. Reuben Lasker who, until This death, was Chiefofthe Coastal Fisheries Division of the Southwest Fisheries Center, National Marine Fisheries Service. The contri- butors and I feel both a debt ofgratitude and a strong bond ofpiendship to this scientist who profoundly influenced our investigations, our careers, and the field ofmarine larval ecology. Our regret is that Reuben will not see this tribute. Andrew E. Dizon, Ph.D. Scientific Editor 375 .. REUBEN LASKER. A Remembrance.. It is the spring of 1989 in La Jolla, California, almost with a minor in chemistry, from the University in a year since our friend and colleague, Reuben 1950. When a graduate research fellowship Lasker, left us after a valiant battle against cancer. became available in marine biology, Reuben made We remember him fondly, with respect and admira- a fateful career decision to abandon medicine and tion for the man and for the scientist whose intellec- applied for the post. He was awarded a full tuition tual honesty and humanity endeared him to his scholarship with stipend for studies in marine associates. We, therefore, dedicate this Festschrift biology at the University of Miami where he concen- to the memory of a remarkable human being, a trated on studies on the physiology and cellulose warm and caring man, who combined a lifelong digestion in the shipworm, Teredo. He was granted passion and dedication to the marine sciences with his M.S. in marine biology from the University of a bright intelligence, a lively curiosity, and an abid- Miami in 1952.
  • Distribution of Zooplankton and Nekton Above Hydrothermal Vents on the Juan De Fuca and Explorer Ridges

    Distribution of Zooplankton and Nekton Above Hydrothermal Vents on the Juan De Fuca and Explorer Ridges

    Distribution of Zooplankton and Nekton above Hydrothermal Vents on the Juan de Fuca and Explorer Ridges. Kristina Michelle Skebo B.Sc., University of Victoria, 1994 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in the Department of Biology O Kristina Michelle Skebo, 2004 University of Victoria All rights reserved. This thesis may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without the permission of the author. Supervisor: Dr. Verena Tunnicliffe ABSTRACT Buoyant hydrothermal vent fluids vertically advect near-bottom production and contain compounds that support bacterial growth. Previous studies have shown that zooplankton aggregating above the neutrally buoyant plume feed on benthic particulates and chemosynthetic microbes associated with the effluent. In this study, I explore how vent effluent affects pelagic organisms near the seafloor. The remotely operated vehicle JASON flew a 3.4 x 0.5 krn grid at 20 m above bottom over vent and non-vent areas on the Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge. My primary source of information for organism dispersion was visual: I distinguished organisms by form and motion in high resolution video. Environmental and navigational data collected every three seconds in conjunction with video data allowed organism dispersion to be linked with physical water characteristics. In addition, net tows taken over vent and non-vent areas on the Endeavour Segment, Axial Seamount and Explorer Ridge were used to characterize zooplankton assemblages above non-vent, diffuse vent and smoker vent sites within the axial valley. Multiple sampling methods are useful to identify benthopelagic assemblages accurately.
  • Fine-Scale Planktonic Habitat Partitioning at a Shelf-Slope Front Revealed by a High-Resolution Imaging System

    Fine-Scale Planktonic Habitat Partitioning at a Shelf-Slope Front Revealed by a High-Resolution Imaging System

    Fine-scale planktonic habitat partitioning at a shelf-slope front revealed by a high-resolution imaging system Greer, A. T., Cowen, R. K., Guigand, C. M., & Hare, J. A. (2015). Fine-scale planktonic habitat partitioning at a shelf-slope front revealed by a high-resolution imaging system. Journal of Marine Systems, 142, 111-125. doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2014.10.008 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2014.10.008 Elsevier Version of Record http://cdss.library.oregonstate.edu/sa-termsofuse Journal of Marine Systems 142 (2015) 111–125 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Marine Systems journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jmarsys Fine-scale planktonic habitat partitioning at a shelf-slope front revealed by a high-resolution imaging system Adam T. Greer a,⁎, Robert K. Cowen b, Cedric M. Guigand c, Jonathan A. Hare d a College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Boyd Graduate Studies 708A, 200 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, United States b Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State University, 2030 SE Marine Science Drive, Newport, OR 97365, United States c Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149, United States d Northeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, Narragansett Laboratory, 28 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI 02882, United States article info abstract Article history: Ocean fronts represent productive regions of the ocean, but predator–prey interactions within these features are Received 10 June 2014 poorly understood partially due to the coarse-scale and biases of net-based sampling methods. We used the In Received in revised form 30 September 2014 Situ Ichthyoplankton Imaging System (ISIIS) to sample across a front near the Georges Bank shelf edge on two Accepted 22 October 2014 separate sampling days in August 2010.