Zooplankton Diel Vertical Migration During Antarctic Summer
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Metabolic Response of Antarctic Pteropods (Mollusca: Gastropoda) to Food Deprivation and Regional Productivity
Vol. 441: 129–139, 2011 MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Published November 15 doi: 10.3354/meps09358 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Metabolic response of Antarctic pteropods (Mollusca: Gastropoda) to food deprivation and regional productivity Amy E. Maas1,*, Leanne E. Elder1, Heidi M. Dierssen2, Brad A. Seibel1 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, USA 2Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, Connecticut 06340, USA ABSTRACT: Pteropods are an abundant group of pelagic gastropods that, although temporally and spatially patchy in the Southern Ocean, can play an important role in food webs and biochem- ical cycles. We found that the metabolic rate in Limacina helicina antarctica is depressed (~23%) at lower mean chlorophyll a (chl a) concentrations in the Ross Sea. To assess the specific impact of food deprivation on these animals, we quantified aerobic respiration and ammonia (NH3) produc- tion for 2 dominant Antarctic pteropods, L. helicina antarctica and Clione limacina antarctica. Pteropods collected from sites west of Ross Island, Antarctica were held in captivity for a period of 1 to 13 d to determine their metabolic response to laboratory-induced food deprivation. L. helicina antarctica reduced oxygen consumption by ~20% after 4 d in captivity. Ammonia excretion was not significantly affected, suggesting a greater reliance on protein as a substrate for cellular res- piration during starvation. The oxygen consumption rate of the gymnosome, C. li macina antarc- tica, was reduced by ~35% and NH3 excretion by ~55% after 4 d without prey. Our results indi- cate that there is a link between the large scale chl a concentrations of the Ross Sea and the baseline metabolic rate of pteropods which impacts these animals across multiple seasons. -
Life Cycle and Early Development of the Thecosomatous Pteropod Limacina Retroversa in the Gulf of Maine, Including the Effect of Elevated CO2 Levels
Life cycle and early development of the thecosomatous pteropod Limacina retroversa in the Gulf of Maine, including the effect of elevated CO2 levels Ali A. Thabetab, Amy E. Maasac*, Gareth L. Lawsona and Ann M. Tarranta a. Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543 b. Zoology Dept., Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University in Assiut, Assiut, Egypt. c. Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences, St. George’s GE01, Bermuda *Corresponding Author, equal contribution with lead author Email: [email protected] Phone: 441-297-1880 x131 Keywords: mollusc, ocean acidification, calcification, mortality, developmental delay Abstract Thecosome pteropods are pelagic molluscs with aragonitic shells. They are considered to be especially vulnerable among plankton to ocean acidification (OA), but to recognize changes due to anthropogenic forcing a baseline understanding of their life history is needed. In the present study, adult Limacina retroversa were collected on five cruises from multiple sites in the Gulf of Maine (between 42° 22.1’–42° 0.0’ N and 69° 42.6’–70° 15.4’ W; water depths of ca. 45–260 m) from October 2013−November 2014. They were maintained in the laboratory under continuous light at 8° C. There was evidence of year-round reproduction and an individual life span in the laboratory of 6 months. Eggs laid in captivity were observed throughout development. Hatching occurred after 3 days, the veliger stage was reached after 6−7 days, and metamorphosis to the juvenile stage was after ~ 1 month. Reproductive individuals were first observed after 3 months. Calcein staining of embryos revealed calcium storage beginning in the late gastrula stage. -
Elsevier First Proof
CLGY 00558 a0005 Trophic Structure E Preisser, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA ª 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Introduction Further Reading Control of Trophic Structure Energy transfer from producers to higher Factors Affecting Control of Trophic Structure trophic levels s0005 Introduction emphasizes the role(s) played by nutrient limitation and energetic inputs to producers and the subsequent effi- p0005 Trophic structure is defined as the partitioning of biomass ciency of energy transfer between trophic levels in between trophic levels (subsets of an ecological commu- determining the biomass accumulation at each trophic nity that gather energy and nutrients in similar ways, that level. The second category, top-down control, empha- is, producers, carnivores). The forces controlling biomass sizes the importance of predation in producing patterns accumulation at each trophic level have been a central of biomass accumulation that are often at odds with those concern of ecology dating from the early twentieth-cen- predicted byPROOF energy inputs alone. While recognizing the tury work of Elton and Lindeman. While interspecific differences between these two factors, it is also important interactions such as omnivory and intraguild predation to emphasize that both bottom-up and top-down factors can make it difficult to assign many organisms to a single represent extremes along a continuum of importance for trophic level, several broadly defined trophic levels are regulatory control. While ecologists debate the extent nonetheless clearly distinguishable. Primary producers, to which bottom-up versus top-down control influence autotrophic organisms (primarily plants and algae) that trophic structure in particular ecosystems, there is a broad convert light or chemical energy into biomass, make up consensus that both need to be considered when consid- the basal trophic level. -
Trophic Ecology of Gelatinous Zooplankton in Oceanic Food Webs of the Eastern Tropical Atlantic Assessed by Stable Isotope Analysis
Limnol. Oceanogr. 9999, 2020, 1–17 © 2020 The Authors. Limnology and Oceanography published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography. doi: 10.1002/lno.11605 Tackling the jelly web: Trophic ecology of gelatinous zooplankton in oceanic food webs of the eastern tropical Atlantic assessed by stable isotope analysis Xupeng Chi ,1,2* Jan Dierking,2 Henk-Jan Hoving,2 Florian Lüskow,3,4 Anneke Denda,5 Bernd Christiansen,5 Ulrich Sommer,2 Thomas Hansen,2 Jamileh Javidpour2,6 1CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China 2Marine Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany 3Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada 4Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada 5Institute of Marine Ecosystem and Fishery Science (IMF), Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany 6Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark Abstract Gelatinous zooplankton can be present in high biomass and taxonomic diversity in planktonic oceanic food webs, yet the trophic structuring and importance of this “jelly web” remain incompletely understood. To address this knowledge gap, we provide a holistic trophic characterization of a jelly web in the eastern tropical Atlantic, based on δ13C and δ15N stable isotope analysis of a unique gelatinous zooplankton sample set. The jelly web covered most of the isotopic niche space of the entire planktonic oceanic food web, spanning > 3 tro- phic levels, ranging from herbivores (e.g., pyrosomes) to higher predators (e.g., ctenophores), highlighting the diverse functional roles and broad possible food web relevance of gelatinous zooplankton. -
Seasonal and Interannual Patterns of Larvaceans and Pteropods in the Coastal Gulf of Alaska, and Their Relationship to Pink Salmon Survival
Seasonal and interannual patterns of larvaceans and pteropods in the coastal Gulf of Alaska, and their relationship to pink salmon survival Item Type Thesis Authors Doubleday, Ayla Download date 30/09/2021 16:15:58 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/11122/4451 SEASONAL AND INTERANNUAL PATTERNS OF LARVACEANS AND PTEROPODS IN THE COASTAL GULF OF ALASKA, AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO PINK SALMON SURVIVAL By Ayla Doubleday RECOMMENDED: __________________________________________ Dr. Rolf Gradinger __________________________________________ Dr. Kenneth Coyle __________________________________________ Dr. Russell Hopcroft, Advisory Committee Chair __________________________________________ Dr. Brenda Konar Head, Program, Marine Science and Limnology APPROVED: __________________________________________ Dr. Michael Castellini Dean, School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences __________________________________________ Dr. John Eichelberger Dean of the Graduate School __________________________________________ Date iv SEASONAL AND INTERANNUAL PATTERNS OF LARVACEANS AND PTEROPODS IN THE COASTAL GULF OF ALASKA, AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO PINK SALMON SURVIVAL A THESIS Presented to the Faculty of the University of Alaska Fairbanks in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE By Ayla J. Doubleday, B.S. Fairbanks, Alaska December 2013 vi v Abstract Larvacean (=appendicularians) and pteropod (Limacina helicina) composition and abundance were studied with physical variables each May and late summer across 11 years (2001 to 2011), along one transect that crosses the continental shelf of the subarctic Gulf of Alaska and five stations within Prince William Sound (PWS). Collection with 53- µm plankton nets allowed the identification of larvaceans to species: five occurred in the study area. Temperature was the driving variable in determining larvacean community composition, yielding pronounced differences between spring and late summer, while individual species were also affected differentially by salinity and chlorophyll-a concentration. -
DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS of the 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project
DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS OF THE 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project March 2018 DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS OF THE 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project Citation: Aguilar, R., García, S., Perry, A.L., Alvarez, H., Blanco, J., Bitar, G. 2018. 2016 Deep-sea Lebanon Expedition: Exploring Submarine Canyons. Oceana, Madrid. 94 p. DOI: 10.31230/osf.io/34cb9 Based on an official request from Lebanon’s Ministry of Environment back in 2013, Oceana has planned and carried out an expedition to survey Lebanese deep-sea canyons and escarpments. Cover: Cerianthus membranaceus © OCEANA All photos are © OCEANA Index 06 Introduction 11 Methods 16 Results 44 Areas 12 Rov surveys 16 Habitat types 44 Tarablus/Batroun 14 Infaunal surveys 16 Coralligenous habitat 44 Jounieh 14 Oceanographic and rhodolith/maërl 45 St. George beds measurements 46 Beirut 19 Sandy bottoms 15 Data analyses 46 Sayniq 15 Collaborations 20 Sandy-muddy bottoms 20 Rocky bottoms 22 Canyon heads 22 Bathyal muds 24 Species 27 Fishes 29 Crustaceans 30 Echinoderms 31 Cnidarians 36 Sponges 38 Molluscs 40 Bryozoans 40 Brachiopods 42 Tunicates 42 Annelids 42 Foraminifera 42 Algae | Deep sea Lebanon OCEANA 47 Human 50 Discussion and 68 Annex 1 85 Annex 2 impacts conclusions 68 Table A1. List of 85 Methodology for 47 Marine litter 51 Main expedition species identified assesing relative 49 Fisheries findings 84 Table A2. List conservation interest of 49 Other observations 52 Key community of threatened types and their species identified survey areas ecological importanc 84 Figure A1. -
As an Approach to the Cretaceous–Palaeogene Mass Extinction Event F
Geobiology (2009), 7, 533–543 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-4669.2009.00213.x The environmental disaster of Aznalco´llar (southern Spain) as an approach to the Cretaceous–Palaeogene mass extinction event F. J. RODRI´ GUEZ-TOVAR1 ANDF.J.MARTI´ N-PEINADO2 1Departamento de Estratigrafı´a y Paleontologı´a, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain 2Departamento de Edafologı´a, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain ABSTRACT Biotic recovery after the Cretaceous–Palaeogene (K–Pg) impact is one unsolved question concerning this mass extinction event. To evaluate the incidence of the K–Pg event on biota, and the subsequent recovery, a recent environmental disaster has been analysed. Areas affected by the contamination disaster of Azna´ lcollar (province of Sevilla, southern Spain) in April 1998 were studied and compared with the K–Pg event. Several similarities (the sudden impact, the high levels of toxic components, especially in the upper thin lamina and the incidence on biota) and differences (the time of recovery and the geographical extension) are recognized. An in-depth geochemical analysis of the soils reveals their acidity (between 1.83 and 2.11) and the high concentration ) of pollutant elements, locally higher than in the K–Pg boundary layer: values up to 7.0 mg kg 1 for Hg, ) ) ) ) 2030.7 mg kg 1 for As, 8629.0 mg kg 1 for Pb, 86.8 mg kg 1 for Tl, 1040.7 mg kg 1 for Sb and 93.3– 492.7 p.p.b. for Ir. However, less than 10 years after the phenomenon, a rapid initial recovery in biota colonizing the contaminated, ‘unfavourable’, substrate is registered. -
Diel Vertical Distribution Patterns of Zooplankton Along the Western Antarctic Peninsula
W&M ScholarWorks Presentations 10-9-2015 Diel Vertical Distribution Patterns of Zooplankton along the Western Antarctic Peninsula Patricia S. Thibodeau Virginia Institute of Marine Science John A. Conroy Virginia Institute of Marine Science Deborah K. Steinberg Virginia Institute of Marine Science Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/presentations Part of the Environmental Monitoring Commons, Marine Biology Commons, Oceanography Commons, and the Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology Commons Recommended Citation Thibodeau, Patricia S.; Conroy, John A.; and Steinberg, Deborah K.. "Diel Vertical Distribution Patterns of Zooplankton along the Western Antarctic Peninsula". 10-9-2015. VIMS 75th Anniversary Alumni Research Symposium. This Presentation is brought to you for free and open access by W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Presentations by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Diel Vertical Distribution Patterns of Zooplankton along the Western Antarctic Peninsula Patricia S. Thibodeau, John A. Conroy & Deborah K. Steinberg Introduction & Objectives Results: vertically migrating zooplankton Conclusions The Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) region has undergone significant Metridia gerlachei (copepod) Ostracods • Regardless of near continuous light in austral summer, some zooplankton warming and decrease in sea ice cover over the past several decades species still undergo DVM along the WAP. This is supported by one other (Ducklow et al. 2013). The ongoing Palmer Antarctica Long-Term Ecological North North study (Marrari et al., 2011) for a location in Marguerite Bay. Research (PAL LTER) study indicates these environmental changes are • The strength of DVM differed along a latitudinal gradient with some species affecting the WAP marine pelagic ecosystem, including long-term and spatial showing stronger migration in the north (e.g., krill) and some in the south shifts in relative abundances of some dominant zooplankton (Ross et al. -
Regime Shifts Between Macrophytes and Phytoplankton – Concepts Beyond Shallow Lakes, Unravelling Stabilizing Mechanisms and Practical Consequences
Limnetica, 29 (2): x-xx (2011) Limnetica, 34 (2): 467-480 (2015). DOI: 10.23818/limn.34.35 c Asociación Ibérica de Limnología, Madrid. Spain. ISSN: 0213-8409 Regime shifts between macrophytes and phytoplankton – concepts beyond shallow lakes, unravelling stabilizing mechanisms and practical consequences Sabine Hilt∗ Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 301, 12587 Berlin, Germany. ∗ Corresponding author: [email protected] 2 Received: 04/11/2014 Accepted: 11/06/2015 ABSTRACT Regime shifts between macrophytes and phytoplankton – concepts beyond shallow lakes, unravelling stabilizing mechanisms and practical consequences Feedback mechanisms between macrophytes and water clarity resulting in the occurrence of alternative stable states have been described in a theoretical concept for shallow lakes. Here, I review recent studies applying the concept to other freshwater systems, unravelling stabilizing mechanisms and discussing consequences of regime shifts. Recent modelling studies predict that abrupt changes between clear and turbid water states can also occur in lowland rivers, both in time and in space. These findings were supported by long-term data from rivers in Spain and Germany. A deep lake model revealed that submerged macrophytes may also significantly reduce phytoplankton biomass by 50-15 % in 100-11 m deep and oligotrophic lakes. Some of the mechanisms stabilizing clear-water conditions are still far from fully understood. Available data suggest that the macrophyte community composition affects number and type of mechanisms stabilizing clear-water conditions. Allelopathic effects of macrophytes on phytoplankton are no longer doubted, however, bacterial colonization of macrophytes and phytoplankton, phytoplankton interactions, local adaptations and strain-specific sensitivities have been found to modulate these interactions. -
Umitaka-Maru" Expedition, Part 3 Thecosomatous Pteropoda Collected by the Training Vessel "Umitaka-Maru" from the Antarctic Waters in 1957
J. Fac. Fish. Anim. Husb. Hiroshima Univ. (1%3), 5 (1): 95-105 Reports on the Biology of the "Umitaka-Maru" Expedition, Part 3 Thecosomatous Pteropoda Collected by the Training Vessel "Umitaka-Maru" from the Antarctic Waters in 1957 Iwao TAKI Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Animal Husbandry, Hiroshima University, Fukuyama, Japan and Takashi OKUTANI Tokai Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory, Tokyo, Japan INTRODUCTION Considerable works on the antarctic Pteropodan fauna have been published until to-day. The important contributions among them are those by MEISENHEIMER (1906) on the samples of the "Deutsche Siidpolar-Expedition", by ELIOT (1907) of the "National Antarctic Expedition" and by MASSY (1920, 1932) of the "Terra Nova" and "Discovery" Expeditions. Materials of the "Challenger" Expedition reported by PELSENEER (1888), those of the "Valdivia" Expedition by MEISENHEIMER (1905) and the "Dana" Expedition by TESCH ( 1946, 1948) include some specimens found in the sub-antarctic and arctic areas. The Training Vessel "Umitaka-Maru" of the Tokyo University of Fisheries made some plankton-net tows in the Antarctic waters during her cruise in the service of escortship of the R. V. "Soya" for the Japanese Antarctic Expedition in 1956. By the courtesy of Professor Jiro SENO of the University, gastropods were sorted out from the plankton samples then collected and thereafter placed under our disposal. The present material mainly consists of thecosomatous pteropods. Their shells are mostly worn out by the action of formalin. We wish to express our sincere gratitude to Prof. J. SENO of the Tokyo University of Fisheries, who managed in field collection of the present samples and arranged them for us to study. -
Canada's Arctic Marine Atlas
CANADA’S ARCTIC MARINE ATLAS This Atlas is funded in part by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. I | Suggested Citation: Oceans North Conservation Society, World Wildlife Fund Canada, and Ducks Unlimited Canada. (2018). Canada’s Arctic Marine Atlas. Ottawa, Ontario: Oceans North Conservation Society. Cover image: Shaded Relief Map of Canada’s Arctic by Jeremy Davies Inside cover: Topographic relief of the Canadian Arctic This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA. All photographs © by the photographers ISBN: 978-1-7752749-0-2 (print version) ISBN: 978-1-7752749-1-9 (digital version) Library and Archives Canada Printed in Canada, February 2018 100% Carbon Neutral Print by Hemlock Printers © 1986 Panda symbol WWF-World Wide Fund For Nature (also known as World Wildlife Fund). ® “WWF” is a WWF Registered Trademark. Background Image: Phytoplankton— The foundation of the oceanic food chain. (photo: NOAA MESA Project) BOTTOM OF THE FOOD WEB The diatom, Nitzschia frigida, is a common type of phytoplankton that lives in Arctic sea ice. PHYTOPLANKTON Natural history BOTTOM OF THE Introduction Cultural significance Marine phytoplankton are single-celled organisms that grow and develop in the upper water column of oceans and in polar FOOD WEB The species that make up the base of the marine food Seasonal blooms of phytoplankton serve to con- sea ice. Phytoplankton are responsible for primary productivity—using the energy of the sun and transforming it via pho- web and those that create important seafloor habitat centrate birds, fishes, and marine mammals in key areas, tosynthesis. -
MOLLUSCA Nudibranchs, Pteropods, Gastropods, Bivalves, Chitons, Octopus
UNDERWATER FIELD GUIDE TO ROSS ISLAND & MCMURDO SOUND, ANTARCTICA: MOLLUSCA nudibranchs, pteropods, gastropods, bivalves, chitons, octopus Peter Brueggeman Photographs: Steve Alexander, Rod Budd/Antarctica New Zealand, Peter Brueggeman, Kirsten Carlson/National Science Foundation, Canadian Museum of Nature (Kathleen Conlan), Shawn Harper, Luke Hunt, Henry Kaiser, Mike Lucibella/National Science Foundation, Adam G Marsh, Jim Mastro, Bruce A Miller, Eva Philipp, Rob Robbins, Steve Rupp/National Science Foundation, Dirk Schories, M Dale Stokes, and Norbert Wu The National Science Foundation's Office of Polar Programs sponsored Norbert Wu on an Artist's and Writer's Grant project, in which Peter Brueggeman participated. One outcome from Wu's endeavor is this Field Guide, which builds upon principal photography by Norbert Wu, with photos from other photographers, who are credited on their photographs and above. This Field Guide is intended to facilitate underwater/topside field identification from visual characters. Organisms were identified from photographs with no specimen collection, and there can be some uncertainty in identifications solely from photographs. © 1998+; text © Peter Brueggeman; photographs © Steve Alexander, Rod Budd/Antarctica New Zealand Pictorial Collection 159687 & 159713, 2001-2002, Peter Brueggeman, Kirsten Carlson/National Science Foundation, Canadian Museum of Nature (Kathleen Conlan), Shawn Harper, Luke Hunt, Henry Kaiser, Mike Lucibella/National Science Foundation, Adam G Marsh, Jim Mastro, Bruce A Miller, Eva