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MIMO Cooperation Schemes for Uplink of Future Railway Communication Systems Karine Amis, Thomas Galezowski, Xavier Lagrange

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MIMO Cooperation Schemes for Uplink of Future Railway Communication Systems Karine Amis, Thomas Galezowski, Xavier Lagrange MIMO Cooperation Schemes for Uplink of Future Railway Communication Systems Karine Amis, Thomas Galezowski, Xavier Lagrange To cite this version: Karine Amis, Thomas Galezowski, Xavier Lagrange. MIMO Cooperation Schemes for Uplink of Future Railway Communication Systems. PIMRC 2020: IEEE 31st Annual International Sympo- sium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, Aug 2020, London, United Kingdom. 10.1109/PIMRC48278.2020.9217233. hal-02904429 HAL Id: hal-02904429 https://hal-imt-atlantique.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02904429 Submitted on 22 Jul 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. MIMO Cooperation Schemes for Uplink of Future Railway Communication Systems Karine Amis Thomas Galezowski Xavier Lagrange IMT Atlantique Societ´ e´ du Grand Paris IMT Atlantique UMR CNRS 6285 Lab-STICC, Paris, France UMR CNRS 6074 IRISA, Brest, France [email protected] Rennes, France [email protected] [email protected] Abstract—In this paper, we consider the uplink of a railway at both ends of the section and that these two base stations communication system with onboard mobile relays. Each on- cooperate. More precisely, we study the uplink with receive board relay communicates with two cooperating base stations at macrodiversity [4]. We assume that the carriage is equipped the ends of the section along which the train is moving. Each carriage is equipped with two distinct antenna arrays. We design with two distinct multiple antenna arrays, part of two remote transmit coding schemes distributed between the antenna arrays radio heads (RRH) connected to the same onboard baseband and we apply receive macrodiversity. Simulations show that the unit (BBU). Our purpose is the design of distributed coding proposed schemes enable to maintain transmission quality and schemes between back and front antenna arrays that take throughput as the carriage moves along the section. advantage of macrodiversity to maintain the quality of service Index Terms—MIMO systems, railway communications, mo- bile relay, macrodiversity, distributed coding as the carriage moves along the section. Our contributions are two-fold. First, we show how much I. INTRODUCTION macrodiversity through cooperation of neighbouring base sta- tions along the railway section is efficient to ensure transmis- Democratization of mobile wireless devices (smartphones, sion robustness, provided the eNodeB onboard communicates tablets, ...) combined with fast-growing usage of connected with both of them. Second is the definition of two MIMO machines (Internet of things) makes it necessary for public coding schemes involving both carriage antenna arrays. One, transport to adapt and to provide high-quality mobile wireless based on Alamouti coding [5] principle, maximizes the diver- connectivity. Indeed, 4G quality of service is not satisfactory sity gain at the expense of the throughput and data traffic on enough onboard and the throughput may fluctuate. CPRI [6] [7] links. The other, inspired by the Golden code [8], Among proposed solutions [1], the deployment of onboard maximizes the trade-off between throughput and error rate. mobile relays seems a good compromise to ensure high-quality services to passengers. Societ´ e´ du Grand Paris, in charge of The paper is organized as follows. Section II describes the designing and constructing future Grand Paris Express lines system model and the reference scheme based on spatial mul- (200 km of fully-automated metro lines, 2 million passen- tiplexing and transmit antenna selection. Section III introduces gers per day) [2], wants to provide continuous high-quality first proposed scheme based on Alamouti coding principle and telecommunication services to passengers in Grand Paris Ex- derives analytical expressions of throughput and error rate. press stations and inside trains. To that purpose, Societ´ e´ du Section IV defines the second proposed scheme inspired by the Grand Paris is interested in developing new technologies such Golden code, with analytical study of its performance. Section as mobile relays. A testbed using real radio transmissions has V is dedicated to simulations and supports the theoretical already proved that a mobile relay architecture can be easily analysis. Section VI concludes the paper. implemented with standard Evolved Packet Core (EPC) and with full-compatibility with 3GPP recommendations [3]. In railway cellular networks, base stations are regularly A. Notations placed along railway sections. With LTE, cooperation between base stations is made possible. In this paper, we consider x in bold font and x in normal font stand for a vector mobile railway communications assuming that each carriage and a scalar respectively. Given an N × M complex-valued is equipped with one mobile eNodeB station. The mobile matrix A, we denote by AT , AH , A∗ its transpose, its eNodeB onboard serves as relay of passengers’ communi- conjugate transpose and its conjugate respectively. Ai is its cations towards the cellular base stations along the section. i-th column. The norm kAk is defined as the Frobenius norm p H We also impose that it communicates with both base stations by tr (AA ) with tr(:) the trace operator. 0N denotes the length-N all-zero column vector. This work has been financially supported by Societ´ e´ du Grand Paris. The complementary error function is defined by erfc(x) = +1 p2 R 2 978-1-7281-4490-0/20/$31.00 © 2020 IEEE π x exp(−t )dt. complex zero-mean circularly symmetric Gaussian distribution H0 2 G with variance σn. H 0 First macrodiversity level comes from the joint use of both G 0 yL(p) and yR(p) to detect x(p) and x (p). The key principle Optical fiber is the following one. As the carriage moves along the section from left to right, the average signal to noise ratio on yL(p) will almost surely decrease while the average signal to noise d L ratio on yR(p) will almost surely increase. This phenomenon 2D is expected to avoid high variations of the transmission quality Fig. 1: System model and notations and data rate during the communication. B. Design constraints Our purpose is to design a macrodiversity transmission II. SYSTEM MODEL, ASSUMPTIONS AND PURE scheme which benefits from additional existing diversity pro- MACRODIVERSITY SCHEME vided by the cooperation between the two carriage antenna We consider the uplink of a railway communication system arrays. between a carriage moving on a railway section and two base Indeed, due to the shadowing resulting from the interference stations located at each end of the section. We assume that from another carriage coming the other way or simply from the the downlink does not interfere with the uplink (frequency or antenna array on the other side, transmission from one antenna time division duplexing). Furthermore, orthogonal frequency array of the carriage may experience more severe propagation division multiple access (OFDMA) is applied for resource conditions than the other one. Joint coding between both allocation in such a manner that inter-cell and intra-cell carriage antenna arrays is a way to further enhance the interference can be neglected. Without loss of generality, we robustness of the transmission as the carriage moves along assume that the carriage moves from left to right. the section. Each base station (BTS) is equipped with two sector antenna Taking into account the train speed and the double railway arrays (respective coverage area on either side of the BTS). channel selectivity, open-loop schemes with limited required BTSs are assumed to be either interconnected or connected channel state information knowledge may be better suited. to a remote BTS controller thanks to error-free optical fiber To reduce the data traffic on CPRI links from BBU to RRH, links. Receive cooperation is thus possible. We denote by N we apply antenna selection [9] at both sides of the carriage. each BTS antenna array element number. Another advantage of antenna selection is its robustness to- The carriage is equipped with two omnidirectional antenna wards correlation between antenna array elements. arrays (one on the front, one on the back), part of a remote ra- In the following, without loss of generality we denote by dio head (RRH). Both RRH are connected through a common h, h0, g and g0 the resulting equivalent subchannel vectors. public radio interface (CPRI) [6], [7] to the same baseband unit For example, h is defined by (BBU), which orchestrates transmissions from the carriage. We H h = arg max Hi Hi (3) denote by M the antenna number on each side of the carriage. Hi 1≤i≤M A. System model The equivalent transmission model is thus given by We consider a subcarrier index p. Let H and G stand for 0 0 yL(p) = hx(p) + h x (p) + nL(p); (4) the subchannel matrix between the front of the carriage and 0 0 the BTS on the left and on the right, respectively. Let H0 yR(p) = gx(p) + g x (p) + nR(p); (5) and G0 stand for the equivalent notations for the back of the where x(p) and x0(p) are now scalars. carriage (cf. Fig. 1). The BTS on the left and on the right are C. Pure macrodiversity scheme referred by the index ”L” and ”R”, respectively. We assume that the channel variation between two adjacent subcarriers is Pure macrodiversity scheme does not apply joint coding negligible. between carriage antenna arrays. It consists in transmitting two The transmitted vectors from the front and the back of the independent streams from the front and the back of the carriage carriage are denoted by x(p) and x0(p), respectively.
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