Macrodiversity MIMO Transceivers
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MULTIPLE ANTENNA TECHNIQUES in Wimax
MEE10:05 MULTIPLE ANTENNA TECHNIQUES IN WiMAX Waseem Hussain Sandhu Muhammad Awais This thesis is presented as part of Degree of Master of Science in Electrical Engineering Blekinge Institute of Technology February 2010 Blekinge Institute of Technology School of Engineering Department of Signal Processing Supervisor: Dr. Benny Lövström Examiner: Dr. Benny Lövström 1 Acknowledgements All praises to ALLAH, the cherisher and the sustainer of the universe, the most gracious and the most merciful, who bestowed us with health and abilities to complete this project successfully. We are extremely grateful to our project supervisor Benny Lövström who guided us in the best possible way in our project. He is always a source of inspiration for us. His encouragement and support never faltered. We are especially thankful to the Faculty and Staff of School of Engineering at Blekinge Institute of Technology (BTH) Karlskrona, Sweden, who have always been a source of motivation for us and supported us tremendously during this research. Our special gratitude and acknowledgments are there for our parents for their everlasting moral support and encouragements. Without their support, prayers, love and encouragement, we wouldn’t be able to achieve our Goals. Waseem Hussain Sandhu & Muhammad Awais Karlskrona, February 2010. 2 Abstract Now-a-days wireless networks such as cellular communication have deeply affected human lives and became an essential part of it. The demand to buy high capacity and better performance devices and cellular services has been rapidly increased. There are more than two hundred different countries and almost three billion users all over the world which are using cellular services provided by Global System for Mobile (GSM), Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS), Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX). -
OFDM System for High Data Rate and High Mobility Umesha G B Dr
Special Issue - 2018 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181 NCESC - 2018 Conference Proceedings OFDM System for High Data Rate and High Mobility Umesha G B Dr. M N Shanmukha Swamy Research Scholar Professor & HOD Department of ECE, SJCE Department of ECE, SJCE Mysore, Karnataka Mysore, Karnataka. Abstract---In recent years, there has been considerable second reason to study the downlink. Generally, the growth in interest in wireless access to wide area data portable or handheld devices envisioned (e.g., PDAs, networks at high data rates. This growth has been fuelled by notebook PCs or handsets), will be battery powered. the simultaneous development of the high-speed wired data Increasing uplink data rates by orders of magnitude networks (e.g., the Internet), wide-spread availability of requires increases in portable transmit power to meet the powerful mobile computing devices, rapidly dropping prices for increasingly sophisticated electronic devices, plus the link budget, a major challenge with foreseeable battery global deployment of wireless voice systems. High-mobility technology [13, 14]. However, readily applicable downlink wireless data access at near-LAN rates is likely to be an techniques can attain the high peak data rates desired. attractive option. The harsh cellular radio environment creates significant challenges when trying to provide access at 2. OFDM BACKGROUND high data rates, especially if high-mobility and wide-area availability are expected even more so when considering the Four major impairments to the operation of wireless constraints placed on the system design by terminal size and communications networks are, delay spread, noise, power constraints. -
Introduction to Radio Systems
Chapter 1 Introduction to Radio Systems Because radio systems have fundamental characteristics that distinguish them from their wired equivalents, this chapter provides an introduction to the various radio technologies relevant to the IP design engineer. The concepts discussed provide a foundation for fur- ther comparisons of the competing mobile radio access systems for supporting mobile broadband services and expanding into IP design for mobile networks. Many excellent texts concentrate on the detail of mobile radio propagation, and so this chapter will not attempt to cover radio frequency propagation in detail; rather, it is intended to provide a basic understanding of the various radio technologies and concepts used in realizing mobile radio systems. In particular, this chapter provides an insight into how the characteristics of the radio network impact the performance of IP applications running over the top of mobile networks—characteristics that differentiate wireless net- works from their fixed network equivalents. In an ideal world, radio systems would be able to provide ubiquitous coverage with seam- less mobility across different access systems; high-capacity, always-on systems with low latency and jitter; and wireless connectivity to IP hosts with extended battery life, thus ensuring that all IP applications could run seamlessly over the top of any access network. Unfortunately, real-world constraints mean that the radio engineer faces tough compro- mises when designing a network: balancing coverage against capacity, latency against throughput, and performance against battery life. This chapter introduces the basics of mobile radio design and addresses how these tradeoffs ultimately impact the perform- ance of IP applications delivered over mobile radio networks. -
Multiple Antenna Technologies
Multiple Antenna Technologies Manar Mohaisen | YuPeng Wang | KyungHi Chang The Graduate School of Information Technology and Telecommunications INHA University ABSTRACT the receiver. Alamouti code is considered as the simplest transmit diversity scheme while the receive diversity includes maximum ratio, equal gain and selection combining Multiple antenna technologies have methods. Recently, cooperative received high attention in the last few communication was deeply investigated as a decades for their capabilities to improve the mean of increasing the communication overall system performance. Multiple-input reliability by not only considering the multiple-output systems include a variety of mobile station as user but also as a base techniques capable of not only increase the station (or relay station). The idea behind reliability of the communication but also multiple antenna diversity is to supply the impressively boost the channel capacity. In receiver by multiple versions of the same addition, smart antenna systems can increase signal transmitted via independent channels. the link quality and lead to appreciable On the other hand, multiple antenna interference reduction. systems can tremendously increase the channel capacity by sending independent signals from different transmit antennas. I. Introduction BLAST spatial multiplexing schemes are a good example of such category of multiple Multiple antennas technologies proposed antenna technologies that boost the channel for communications systems have gained capacity. much attention in the last few years because In addition, smart antenna technique can of the huge gain they can introduce in the significantly increase the data rate and communication reliability and the channel improve the quality of wireless transmission, capacity levels. Furthermore, multiple which is limited by interference, local antenna systems can have a big contribution scattering and multipath propagation. -
Performance Analysis of Diversity Techniques for Wireless Communication System
1 Performance Analysis of Diversity Techniques for Wireless Communication System Md. Jaherul Islam [email protected] This Thesis is a part (30 ECTS) of Master of Science degree (120 ECTS) in Electrical Engineering emphasis on Telecommunication Blekinge Institute of Technology February 12 Blekinge Institute of Technology School of Engineering Department of Telecommunication Supervisor: Magnus G Nilsson Examiner: Magnus G Nilsson Contact: [email protected] 2 Abstract Different diversity techniques such as Maximal-Ratio Combining (MRC), Equal-Gain Combining (EGC) and Selection Combining (SC) are described and analyzed. Two branches (N=2) diversity systems that are used for pre-detection combining have been investigated and computed. The statistics of carrier to noise ratio (CNR) and carrier to interference ratio (CIR) without diversity assuming Rayleigh fading model have been examined and then measured for diversity systems. The probability of error ( ) vs CNR and ( ) versus CIR have also been obtained. The fading dynamic range of the instantaneous CNR and CIR is reduced remarkably when diversity systems are used [1]. For a certain average probability of error, a higher valued average CNR and CIR is in need for non-diversity systems [1]. But a smaller valued of CNR and CIR are compared to diversity systems. The overall conclusion is that maximal-ratio combining (MRC) achieves the best performance improvement compared to other combining methods. Diversity techniques are very useful to improve the performance of high speed wireless channel to transmit data and information. The problems which considered in this thesis are not new but I have tried to organize, prove and analyze in new ways. -
A Comparison Between Synchronous CDMA and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access
A Comparison Between Synchronous CDMA and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Shital Ratilal Chheda Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Electrical Engineering Charles W. Bostian, Chair Ira Jacobs Dennis G. Sweeney April 15, 2002 Blacksburg, Virginia Keywords: CDMA, OFDM, synchronous, broadband, wireless, 3G, Non-Line-of- Sight (NLOS), orthogonal, VOFDM, SCDMA Copyright 2002, Shital Ratilal Chheda A Comparison Between Synchronous CDMA and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Shital Ratilal Chheda (ABSTRACT) The growth of broadband Internet access has paved the way for the development of many new technologies. As the cost of implementing broadband access soars, the best alternative will be to use fixed wireless for these services. This thesis addresses the possibility of 3rd Generation (3G) mobile cellular wireless systems as the basis for fixed broadband wireless service. Two of the 3G technologies aimed at providing fixed broadband wireless access are Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA) and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). This thesis aims to provide a preliminary study on using TD-SCDMA and OFDM for broadband wireless systems. Currently, there is not enough theory and information to establish the feasibility of using either of these technologies for broadband wireless access. First, the basic features and background on synchronous CDMA and OFDM are presented for the reader to better understand these technologies. Then, an example TD-SCDMA system is described, and some analytical and experimental results are presented. -
Digital Radio-Relay Systems
- iii - TABLE OF CONTENTS Page CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION........................................................................................ 1 1.1 INTENT OF HANDBOOK ..................................................................................... 1 1.2 EVOLUTION OF DIGITAL RADIO-RELAY SYSTEMS .................................... 2 1.3 DIGITAL RADIO-RELAY SYSTEMS AS PART OF DIGITAL TRANSMISSION NETWORKS............................................................................. 3 1.4 GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE HANDBOOK .................................................. 5 1.5 OUTLINE OF THE HANDBOOK.......................................................................... 5 CHAPTER 2 - BASIC PRINCIPLES .................................................................................. 7 2.1 DIGITAL SIGNALS, SOURCE CODING, DIGITAL HIERARCHIES AND MULTIPLEXING .......................................................................................... 7 2.1.1 Digitization (A/D conversion) of analogue voice signals ........................... 7 2.1.2 Digitization of video signals........................................................................ 8 2.1.3 Non voice services, ISDN and data signals ................................................. 8 2.1.4 Multiplexing of 64 kbit/s channels .............................................................. 8 2.1.5 Higher order multiplexing, Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH) ........ 8 2.1.6 Other multiplexers ...................................................................................... -
Effective Radio Resource Management for Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Services in UMTS Networks
Hindawi Publishing Corporation EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking Volume 2006, Article ID 70903, Pages 1–12 DOI 10.1155/WCN/2006/70903 Effective Radio Resource Management for Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Services in UMTS Networks Nuno Souto,1, 2 Armando Soares,2 Patricia Eusebio,´ 2 Americo´ Correia,1, 2 and Joao˜ C. Silva1 1 Instituto de Telecomunicac¸oes,˜ Avenue Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal 2 Associac¸ao˜ para o Desenvolvimento das Telecomunicac¸oes˜ e T´ecnicas de Informatica,´ Avenue das Forc¸as Armadas, Edif´ıcio ISCTE, 1600-082 Lisboa, Portugal Received 29 September 2005; Revised 3 February 2006; Accepted 26 May 2006 Broadcast and multicast offer a significant improvement of spectrum utilization, and become particularly important where in- formation channels are shared among several users. Mobile cellular environments are expected to evolve with the technological approaches necessary to facilitate the deployment of multimedia services, such as streaming, file download, and carousel services. The perspective that video streaming in wireless networks services is an attractive service to end-users has spurred the research in this area. To provide for a video delivery platform in UMTS, the third generation partnership project (3GPP) addressed this problem with the introduction of the multimedia broadcast and multicast services (MBMS) in 3GPP Release 6. In this document we analyse several effective radio resource management techniques to provide MBMS, namely, use of nonuniform QAM constel- lations, multicode, and macrodiversity to guarantee the optimal distribution of QoS depending on the location of mobiles. Copyright © 2006 Nuno Souto et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
Great Expectations: the Value of Spatial Diversity in Wireless Networks
Great Expectations: The Value of Spatial Diversity in Wireless Networks SUHAS N. DIGGAVI, MEMBER, IEEE, NAOFAL AL-DHAHIR, SENIOR MEMBER, IEEE, A. STAMOULIS, MEMBER, IEEE, AND A. R. CALDERBANK, FELLOW, IEEE Invited Paper In this paper, the effect of spatial diversity on the throughput The challenge here is that Moore’s Law does not seem to and reliability of wireless networks is examined. Spatial diversity apply to rechargeable battery capacity, and though the den- is realized through multiple independently fading transmit/re- sity of transistors on a chip has consistently doubled every ceive antenna paths in single-user communication and through independently fading links in multiuser communication. Adopting 18 mo, the energy density of batteries only seems to double spatial diversity as a central theme, we start by studying its every 10 years. This need to conserve energy (see [2] and ref- information-theoretic foundations, then we illustrate its benefits erences therein) leads us to focus on what is possible when across the physical (signal transmission/coding and receiver signal signal processing at the terminal is limited. Throughout this processing) and networking (resource allocation, routing, and paper, we use the cost and complexity of the receiver to applications) layers. Throughout the paper, we discuss engineering intuition and tradeoffs, emphasizing the strong interactions be- bound the resources available for signal processing. Wireless tween the various network functionalities. spectrum itself is a valuable resource that also needs to be conserved given the economic imperative of return on multi- Keywords—Ad hoc networks, channel estimation, diversity, fading channels, hybrid networks, information theory for wireless billion-dollar investments by wireless carriers [1]. -
Proceedings of SDR-Winncomm- Europe 2013 Wireless Innovation
Proceedings of SDR-WInnComm- Europe 2013 Wireless Innovation European Conference on Wireless Communications Technologies and Software Defined Radio 11-13 June 2013, Munich, Germany Editors: Lee Pucker, Kuan Collins, Stephanie Hamill Copyright Information Copyright © 2013 The Software Defined Radio Forum, Inc. All Rights Reserved. All material, files, logos and trademarks are properties of their respective organizations. Requests to use copyrighted material should be submitted through: http://www.wirelessinnovation.org/index.php?option=com_mc&view=mc&mcid=form_79765. SDR-WInnComm-Europe 2013 Organization Kuan Collins, SAIC (Program Chair) Thank you to our Technical Program Committee: Marc Adrat, Fraunhofer FKIE / KOM Anwer Al-Dulaimi, Brunel University Onur Altintas, Toyota InfoTechnology Center Masayuki Ariyoshi, NEC Claudio Armani, SELEX ES Gerd Ascheid, RWTH Aachen University Sylvain Azarian, Supélec Merouane Debbah, Supélec Prof. Romano Fantacci, University of Florence Joseph Jacob, Objective Interface Systems, Inc. Wolfgang Koenig, Alcatel-Lucent Deutschland AG Dr. Christophe Le Matret, Thales Fa-Long Luo, Element CXI Dr. Dania Marabissi, University of Florence Dominique Noguet, CEA LETI David Renaudeau, Thales Isabelle Siaud, Orange Labs, Reseach and Development, Access Networks Dr. Bart Scheers, Royal Military Academy, Belgium Ljiljana Simic, RWTH Aachen University Sarvpreet Singh, Fraunhofer FKIE Olga Zlydareva, University College Dublin Table of Contents PHYSEC concepts for wireless public networks - introduction, state of the -
Performance Evaluation of Wi-Fi Comparison with Wimax Networks
International Journal of Distributed and Parallel Systems (IJDPS) Vol.3, No.1, January 2012 Performance Evaluation of Wi-Fi comparison with WiMAX Networks 1M.Sreerama Murty, 2 D.Veeraiah, 3A.Srinivas Rao 1Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sai Spurthi Institute of Technology,Khammam,Andhra Pradesh,India [email protected] 2Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sai Spurthi Institute of Technology,Khamamm,Andhra Pradesh,India [email protected] 3Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sai Spurthi Institute of Technology,Khamamm,Andhra Pradesh,India [email protected] Abstract Wireless networking has become an important area of research in academic and industry. The main objectives of this paper is to gain in-depth knowledge about the Wi-Fi- WiMAX technology and how it works and understand the problems about the WiFi- WiMAX technology in maintaining and deployment. The challenges in wireless networks include issues like security, seamless handover, location and emergency services, cooperation, and QoS.The performance of the WiMAX is better than the Wi-Fi and also it provide the good response in the access. It’s evaluated the Quality of Service (Qos) in Wi-Fi compare with WiMAX and provides the various kinds of security Mechanisms. Authentication to verify the identity of the authorized communicating client stations. Confidentiality (Privacy) to secure that the wirelessly conveyed information will remain private and protected. Take necessary actions and configurations that are needed in order to deploy Wi-Fi -WiMAX with increased levels of security and privacy Keywords Wifi ,Wimax,Qos,Security,Privacy,seamless 1. Introduction Recently wireless networking has become an important area of research in academia and industry. -
Diversity Diversity Macrodiversity Microdiversity
Ch13. Diversity Instructor: • Mohammed Taha O. El Astal LOGO 13.1 Introduction AWGN channels Rayleigh Fading In AWGN, it may that a 10-dB SNR leads to BERs on the order of 10−4. but in fading channels, we need an SNR on the order of 40 dB in order to achieve a 10−4 BER, which is clearly unpractical. CONT. deep fading (very low SNR) The reason ??? is the fading of the channel; since the fading cause to have an attenuation being large, and thus of the instantaneous SNR being low, so the BER be high. CONT. The Solution!!!! Make sure that the SNR at Rx. has a smaller probability of being low. =make sure that the signal has a smaller probability to have a large attenuation 13.1.1 Principle of Diversity The principle of diversity is to ensure that the same information reaches the receiver (RX) on statistically independent channels. Example: SNR BER-DFSK If Pnoise is 50 pW. Consider the following two cases : 0dB 0.5 An AWGN channel with Psig,avg is 1 nW. A fading channel where during 90% of the time the ....... …... received power is 1.11 nW, while for the remainder, it is …… …… zero. 13dB 10−9 1. Compute BER for the case of AWGN channel. 13.5dB 10−10 2. Compute avg. BER with assuming it is selection diversity in the following cases: a. one received antenna. b. two received antenna. c. three received antenna 13.1.2 Definition of the Correlation Coefficient Any correlation between the fading of the channels decreases the effectiveness of diversity, why?? The most important one is the correlation coefficient of signal envelopes x and y: For two statistically independent signals E{xy} = E{x}E{y} ρxy=0 Signals are often said to be “effectively” decorrelated if ρ is below a certain threshold (typically 0.5 or 0.7).