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Language Use Among Japanese-Korean Bilinguals with Age As a Determining Factor: Students at a Chosengakko, Korean School in Japan
Asian and African Languages and Linguistics, No.14, 2020 Language Use among Japanese-Korean Bilinguals with Age as a Determining Factor: Students at a Chosengakko, Korean School in Japan LEE, Jae Ho The University of Tokyo This paper explores the language use of Japanese-Korean bilingual students at a Chosengakko (Korean School in Japan) and, in particular, the determining factor of age. The students have become bilinguals of Japanese and Korean through a Korean immersion program. Though students are encouraged to speak in Korean within the school grounds, the findings of this survey indicate that they also speak in Japanese depending on several factors. I use the data from a questionnaire survey and from the students’ actual speech to identify age as a factor in their use of the two languages. While students speak more Japanese with other students in the same grade and lower grades, they speak more Korean with students in higher grades and teachers. Sociocultural reasons may also be a factor. Keywords: bilingual, language use, age, domain, codeswitching 1. Introduction 2. Chosengakko and their linguistic environment 3. Data 4. Summary and discussion 5. Conclusion 1. Introduction This paper explores language use among Japanese-Korean bilingual students of a specific Chosengakko,1 a Korean School in Japan, and attempts to explain how their language use changes based on age. A Chosengakko is one type of school in Japan at which students of Korean ethnicity may receive an education. Generally, students at such schools have been born and raised in Japan. When they enter the school, they learn the Korean language and other subjects LEE, Jae Ho. -
Proposal for a Korean Script Root Zone LGR 1 General Information
(internal doc. #: klgp220_101f_proposal_korean_lgr-25jan18-en_v103.doc) Proposal for a Korean Script Root Zone LGR LGR Version 1.0 Date: 2018-01-25 Document version: 1.03 Authors: Korean Script Generation Panel 1 General Information/ Overview/ Abstract The purpose of this document is to give an overview of the proposed Korean Script LGR in the XML format and the rationale behind the design decisions taken. It includes a discussion of relevant features of the script, the communities or languages using it, the process and methodology used and information on the contributors. The formal specification of the LGR can be found in the accompanying XML document below: • proposal-korean-lgr-25jan18-en.xml Labels for testing can be found in the accompanying text document below: • korean-test-labels-25jan18-en.txt In Section 3, we will see the background on Korean script (Hangul + Hanja) and principal language using it, i.e., Korean language. The overall development process and methodology will be reviewed in Section 4. The repertoire and variant groups in K-LGR will be discussed in Sections 5 and 6, respectively. In Section 7, Whole Label Evaluation Rules (WLE) will be described and then contributors for K-LGR are shown in Section 8. Several appendices are included with separate files. proposal-korean-lgr-25jan18-en 1 / 73 1/17 2 Script for which the LGR is proposed ISO 15924 Code: Kore ISO 15924 Key Number: 287 (= 286 + 500) ISO 15924 English Name: Korean (alias for Hangul + Han) Native name of the script: 한글 + 한자 Maximal Starting Repertoire (MSR) version: MSR-2 [241] Note. -
On the Merger of Korean Mid Front Vowels: Phonetic and Phonological Evidence
119 Journal of the Korean Society of Speech Sciences Vol.7 No.2 (2015.06.30) www.speechsciences.or.kr ISSN 2005-8063, pp. 119~129 http://dx.doi.org/10.13064/KSSS.2015.7.2.119 On the Merger of Korean Mid Front Vowels: Phonetic and Phonological Evidence Eychenne, Julien1)․Jang, Tae-Yeoub2) ABSTRACT This paper investigates the status of the merger between the mid front unrounded vowels ㅔ[e] and ㅐ[ɛ] in contemporary Korean. Our analysis is based on a balanced corpus of production and perception data from young subjects from three dialectal areas (Seoul, Daegu and Gwangju). Except for expected gender differences, the production data display no difference in the realization of these vowels, in any of the dialects. The perception data, while mostly in line with the production results, show that Seoul females tend to better discriminate the two vowels in terms of perceived height: vowels with a lower F1 are more likely to be categorized as ㅔ by this group. We then investigate the possible causes of this merger: based on an empirical study of transcribed spoken Korean, we show that the pair of vowels ㅔ/ㅐ has a very low functional load. We argue that this factor, together with the phonetic similarity of the two vowels, may have been responsible for the observed merger. Keywords: mid front vowels, merger, Korean monophthongs, functional load 1. Introduction 9, instead of 10) based on results of phonetic experiments. The three front vowels /ɛ, ø, y/ are categorized differently by The vowel inventory of contemporary Korean needs intensive different scholars. -
1. Introduction 2. Studies on Jeju and Efforts to Preserve It
An Endangered Language: Jeju Language Yeong-bong Kang Jeju National University 1. Introduction It has been a well-known fact that language is closely connected with both speaker's mind and its local culture. Cultural trait, one of the core properties of language, means that language reflects culture of the society at large. Even though Jeju language samchun 'uncle' is a variation of its standard Korean samchon, it is hard to say that samchun has the same dictionary definition of samchon, the brother of father, especially unmarried. In Jeju, if he/she is older than the speaker, everyone, regardless of his/her sex, can be samchun whether or not he/she is the speaker's relative. It means that Jeju language well reflects local culture and social aspects of Jeju. In other words, Jeju language reflects Jeju culture and society, and it reveals Jeju people's soul. This paper aims to investigate efforts to preserve Jeju language which reflect Jeju people's soul and cultures, processes which Jeju was included in the Atlas of languages in danger by UNESCO, and substantive approaches for preserving Jeju. 2. Studies on Jeju and efforts to preserve it There have been lots of studies on Jeju and efforts to preserve it by individuals, institutions, media, and etc. 2.1 Individual studies on Jeju language and efforts to preserve it Individual studies on Jeju language started with Japanese linguist Ogura Shinpei's Jeju Dialect in 1913. He also presented The Value of Jeju Dialect and Jeju Dialect: Cheong-gu Journal in 1924 and 1931 each. -
한국역사정보통합시스템 Korean History On-Line Designed by We'll Communications 02-3443-4620
뿌 리 깊 은 나 무 우 리 의 역 사 입 니다 Korean History Information Center 2005 한국역사정보통합시스템 Korean History On-Line www.koreanhistory.or.kr Designed by we'll Communications 02-3443-4620 국사편찬위원회 한국역사종합정보센터 한국역사종합정보센터 427-010 경기도 과천시 중앙동2-6 [email protected] http://www.koreanhistory.or.kr CONTENTS 개관 03 한국역사정보통합시스템 연계서비스도 한국역사정보통합시스템 03 한국역사종합정보센터 소개 한국역사종합정보센터 04 한국역사 분야 기관별데이터베이스 전문정보센터 경상대학교문천각 08 Gyeongsang NationalMun University -cheon-Kak 국가보훈처 10 Ministry of PatriotsRepublic &VeteransAffairs ofKorea 국사편찬위원회 15 National Institute ofKoreanHistory 독립기념관 24 The Independence HallofKorea 국제한국학연구소 명지대학교 27 Myongji UniversityACADEMIA COREANA 민족문화추진회 28 Korean Classics Research Institute 민주화운동기념사업회 31 The Korea Democracy Foundation 서울대학교규장각 33 Seoul NationalKyujanggak University Royalbrary Li 존경각성균관대학교 36 Sungkyunkwan University Jon’gyeong’gak 전쟁기념관 37 The War Memorial ofKorea 한국국학진흥원 38 Korean Studies Advancement Center 한국여성개발원 40 Korean Women’s Development Institute 한국학중앙연구원 42 The Academy of KoreanStudies 고전운영실 국립중앙도서관 46 Old and Rare Book CollectionNational Division, Library ofKorea 한국역사정보통합시스템( Korean History On-Line)은 2000년 1월 지식정보자원관리법의 시행에 따라, 지식정보자원관리법의 2001년 한국역사분야3월 국사편찬위원회가 종합정보센터로 지정되어운영하는 한국역사분야 포털사이트입니다.한국역사분야 2005년한국역사분야 12월현재 전문정보센터인 기관의역사자료를통합메타 13개 데이터로, 국립중앙도서관의 한국고전적종합목록을 메타서치방식으로 검색서비스하고, 메타서치방식으로 원문 한국고전적종합목록을 데이터로,데이터는국립중앙도서관의 각기관에서서 비스하는체제를 갖추고있습니다. 한국역사종합정보센터 서비스도 한국역사종합정보센터 교육학술분야 문화분야 지식정보자원 Portal Portal 관리위원회 일반 (정보통신부) 사용자 국가지식정보 국가지식정보 민간 통합검색시스템 자원관리센터 Portal www.knowledge.go.kr -
STATEMENT UPR Pre-Session 33 on the Democratic People's Republic
STATEMENT UPR Pre-Session 33 on the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) Geneva, April 5, 2019 Delivered by: The Committee for Human Rights in North Korea (HRNK) 1- Presentation of the Organization HRNK is the leading U.S.-based bipartisan, non-governmental organization (NGO) in the field of DPRK human rights research and advocacy. Our mission is to focus international attention on human rights abuses in the DPRK and advocate for an improvement in the lives of 25 million DPRK citizens. Since its establishment in 2001, HRNK has played an intellectual leadership role in DPRK human rights issues by publishing over thirty-five major reports. HRNK was granted UN consultative status on April 17, 2018 by the 54-member UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC). On October 4, 2018, HRNK submitted our findings to the UPR of the DPRK. Based on our research, the following trends have defined the human rights situation in the DPRK over the past seven years: an intensive crackdown on attempted escape from the country leading to a higher number of prisoners in detention; a closure of prison camps near the border with China while camps inland were expanded; satellite imagery analysis revealing secure perimeters inside these detention facilities with watch towers seemingly located to provide overlapping fields of fire to prevent escapes; a disproportionate repression of women (800 out of 1000 women at Camp No. 12 were forcibly repatriated); and an aggressive purge of senior officials. 2- National consultation for the drafting of the national report Although HRNK would welcome consultation and in-country access to assess the human rights situation, the DPRK government displays a consistently antagonistic attitude towards our organization. -
6 Korean Dialects: a General Survey
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by SOAS Research Online Chapter 6: Korean Dialects 6 Korean dialects: a general survey Jaehoon Yeon 6.1 Introduction The Korean language is relatively homogeneous and the dialects from different areas can be mutually intelligible to a great extent. Nevertheless, the dialects of Korean exhibit considerable variety in phonology, morphology, and vocabulary. They are finely differentiated into a number of areas based on regional differences. There is no obvious correlation between the modern dialects and the ancient historical divisions of Korea, i.e. the Three Kingdom period. Silla and Paekche roughly coincide with the current southeastern dialect and southwestern dialect respectively, but northeastern, northwestern, central, and Cheju dialects cannot be correlated with any one ancient historical kingdom in Korea. Since Korea is mountainous, the language is quite naturally divided finely into different dialects according to topography. Most scholars seem to agree on six major dialectal zones based roughly on different geographical regions: (1) The northwestern dialects (P‟yŏngan province) (2) The northeastern dialects (Hamgyŏng province) (3) The central dialects (including Kyŏnggi, Hwanghae, Kangwon and Ch‟ungch‟ŏng provinces) (4) The southwestern dialects (Chŏlla province) (5) The southeastern dialects (Kyŏngsang province) (6) Cheju dialect (Cheju island) The dialect used by the Korean community in the Yanbian Autonomous Prefecture of China in Manchuria can be included in the Hamgyŏng dialects because their mutual similarity is due to the early immigration of Hamgyŏng people to that area and their subsequent linguistic contact. The language spoken by Koreans in Central Asia, i.e. -
The Human Costs and Gendered Impact of Sanctions on North Korea
THE HUMAN COSTS AND GENDERED IMPACT OF SANCTIONS ON NORTH KOREA OCTOBER 2019 The Human Costs and Gendered Impact of Sanctions on North Korea October 2019 Korea Peace Now, a global movement of women mobilizing to end the Korean War, has commissioned the present report to assess the human cost of sanctions on North Korea, and particularly on North Korean women. The broader aim of the Korea Peace Now campaign is to open space for dialogue on building peace in the Koreas, to move away from the constraints of geopolitics and to view the situation from a human centric perspective. The report was compiled and produced by an international and multidisciplinary panel of independent experts, including Henri Féron, Ph.D., Senior Fellow at the Center for International Policy; Ewa Eriksson Fortier, former Head of Country Delegation in the DPRK for the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (retired); Kevin Gray, Ph.D., Professor of International Relations at the University of Sussex; Suzy Kim, Ph.D., Professor of Korean History at Rutgers University; Marie O’Reilly, Gender, Peace & Security Consultant; Kee B. Park, MD, MPH, Director of the DPRK Program at the Korean American Medical Association and Lecturer at Harvard Medical School; and Joy Yoon, Co-founder of Ignis Community and PYSRC Director of Educational Therapy. The report is a consensus text agreed among the authors and does not necessarily represent each individual author’s comprehensive position. Authors’ affiliations are for identifying purposes only and do not represent the views of those institutions unless specified. On the cover: A woman works at the Kim Jong Suk Pyongyang textile factory in Pyongyang, North Korea, on July 31, 2014. -
CELL PHONES in NORTH KOREA Has North Korea Entered the Telecommunications Revolution?
CELL PHONES IN NORTH KOREA Has North Korea Entered the Telecommunications Revolution? Yonho Kim ABOUT THE AUTHOR Yonho Kim is a Staff Reporter for Voice of America’s Korea Service where he covers the North Korean economy, North Korea’s illicit activities, and economic sanctions against North Korea. He has been with VOA since 2008, covering a number of important developments in both US-DPRK and US-ROK relations. He has received a “Superior Accomplishment Award,” from the East Asia Pacific Division Director of the VOA. Prior to joining VOA, Mr. Kim was a broadcaster for Radio Free Asia’s Korea Service, focused on developments in and around North Korea and US-ROK alliance issues. He has also served as a columnist for The Pressian, reporting on developments on the Korean peninsula. From 2001-03, Mr. Kim was the Assistant Director of The Atlantic Council’s Program on Korea in Transition, where he conducted in-depth research on South Korean domestic politics and oversaw program outreach to US government and media interested in foreign policy. Mr. Kim has worked for Intellibridge Corporation as a freelance consultant and for the Hyundai Oil Refinery Co. Ltd. as a Foreign Exchange Dealer. From 1995-98, he was a researcher at the Hyundai Economic Research Institute in Seoul, focused on the international economy and foreign investment strategies. Mr. Kim holds a B.A. and M.A. in International Relations from Seoul National University and an M.A. in International Relations and International Economics from the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University. -
Perceptual Dialectology Study of Korean Focusing on Authentic Speakers of Gyeongsang Dialect
Perceptual dialectology study of Korean focusing on authentic speakers of Gyeongsang dialect Young Hwang Indiana University Abstract Previous perceptual dialectology research on Korean has shown that Gyeongsang speakers display signs of linguistic insecurity and suffer from a dialect inferiority complex. The participants of these studies, however, were Gyeongsang expatriates living outside of the Gyeongsang region, either in Seoul or in the U.S., where most Korean speakers use Standard Korean. In order to address the gap in previous studies, the present study examines how “authentic” Gyeongsang speakers (that is, those living in the Gyeongsang region) perceive dialects in South Korea. The results of the present study reveal that Gyeongsang speakers living in Gyeongsang regions show positive attitudes toward their dialect. Although they judge their dialect less positively than Standard Korean because of the extraordinary authority of Standard Korean in South Korea, they generally perceive their dialect more positively than other regional dialects. Older speakers, in particular, demonstrate this tendency. The perceptual difference between Gyeongsang speakers living outside of the Gyeongsang regions and those living in the Gyeongsang regions suggest that an individual’s self- identity and living location influence his or her perception of a dialect. Keywords: Gyeongsang dialect; Korean dialects; perceptual dialectology; language attitudes 1. Introduction Perceptual dialectology is a branch of linguistics concerned with people’s perceptions of dialects and dialectal areas rather than the actual production of dialects. It explores where non-linguists believe dialect areas exist, the geographical extent of those areas, how non-linguists perceive dialects distinctively, and what attitudes non-linguists have toward different dialects (Preston 1999a). -
Korean Heritage
KOREAN HERITAGE Summer 2013 | Vol 6 No.2 SUMMER 2013 Vol. 6 No. 2 Vol. ISSN 2005-0151 1 | 1 KOREAN HERITAGE Quarterly Magazine of the Cultural Heritage Administration KOREAN HERITAGE SUMMER 2013 Cover Red symbolizes summer. The symbol- ism originates from the traditional “five directional colors” based on the ancient Chinese thought of wuxing, or ohaeng in Korean. The five colors were associated with seasons and other phenomena in nature, including the fate of humans. The cover features Sungnyemun, the South Gate of Seoul, recently restored. For more stories about the gate, see p. 14. KOREAN HERITAGE is also available on the website (http://English.cha.go.kr) and smart devices. 2 | 3 KOREAN HERITAGE CHA News Vignettes Sacred Relics Moved for Repairs on Seokgatap Naengmyeon, Refreshing Noodle Dish to Chase Korean Flavor Reliquaries containing sarira, or sacred remains of Buddhist spiritual Away Summer Heat masters, were removed from the second story of Seokgatap (Sakyamuni Naengmyeon, a dish aptly described by its name (literally, Pagoda) in April, as the three story stone pagoda at Bulguksa Temple cold noodles), is made of long thin noodles typically served in Gyeongju, South Gyeongsang Province is being disassembled for in an iced broth and garnished with a variety of toppings repairs. The pagoda is part of the temple complex, which along with the such as julienned cucumber, slices of pear, pieces of boiled neighboring Seokguram Grotto was inscribed on the UNESCO World meat, and hard-boiled egg. This refreshing summertime Heritage List in 1995. Dismantling of the pagoda structure started in dish is recorded in Dongguk sesigi (Seasonal Customs of the September 2012. -
Democratic People's Republic of Korea
Operational Environment & Threat Analysis Volume 10, Issue 1 January - March 2019 Democratic People’s Republic of Korea APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION IS UNLIMITED OEE Red Diamond published by TRADOC G-2 Operational INSIDE THIS ISSUE Environment & Threat Analysis Directorate, Fort Leavenworth, KS Topic Inquiries: Democratic People’s Republic of Korea: Angela Williams (DAC), Branch Chief, Training & Support The Hermit Kingdom .............................................. 3 Jennifer Dunn (DAC), Branch Chief, Analysis & Production OE&TA Staff: North Korea Penny Mellies (DAC) Director, OE&TA Threat Actor Overview ......................................... 11 [email protected] 913-684-7920 MAJ Megan Williams MP LO Jangmadang: Development of a Black [email protected] 913-684-7944 Market-Driven Economy ...................................... 14 WO2 Rob Whalley UK LO [email protected] 913-684-7994 The Nature of The Kim Family Regime: Paula Devers (DAC) Intelligence Specialist The Guerrilla Dynasty and Gulag State .................. 18 [email protected] 913-684-7907 Laura Deatrick (CTR) Editor Challenges to Engaging North Korea’s [email protected] 913-684-7925 Keith French (CTR) Geospatial Analyst Population through Information Operations .......... 23 [email protected] 913-684-7953 North Korea’s Methods to Counter Angela Williams (DAC) Branch Chief, T&S Enemy Wet Gap Crossings .................................... 26 [email protected] 913-684-7929 John Dalbey (CTR) Military Analyst Summary of “Assessment to Collapse in [email protected] 913-684-7939 TM the DPRK: A NSI Pathways Report” ..................... 28 Jerry England (DAC) Intelligence Specialist [email protected] 913-684-7934 Previous North Korean Red Rick Garcia (CTR) Military Analyst Diamond articles ................................................