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Hybrid Propulsion Technologies for Urban Bus Transit

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Hybrid Propulsion Technologies for Urban Bus Transit . UMTA-MA-06-01 20-84-4 HE DOT -TSC-U MTA-84-31 1 8.5 . A37 no -DOT- TSC- Hybrid Propulsion UMTA- urtment 84-31 portation Technologies Urban Mass Transportation Administration for Urban Bus Transit Prepared by: Transportation Systems Center Final Report November 1984 UMTA Technical Assistance Program NOTICE This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The United States Govern- ment assumes no liability for its contents or use thereof. NOTICE The United States Government does not endorse pro- ducts or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers’ names appear herein solely because they are con- sidered essential to the object of this report. m - Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient's Catalog No. .ftp UMTA-MA-06-0120-84-4 f\o . 4 . Title and Subti tl 5. Report Dole jeor- "Jr November 1984 for Hybrid Propulsion Technologies 6. Performing Orgonizotion Cod Transit Urban Bus TSC/DTS-63 8. Performing Organization Report No. mi 7. Author' s) R. Gunderson, H. Wychorski DOT-TSC-UMTA-84-31 In 9. Performing Organization Name ond Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) U.S. Department of Transportation UM562/R5616 Research and Special Programs Administration 11. Contract or Gront No. Transportation Systems Center Cambridge. MA 02142 13. Type of Report and Period Covered 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 7 n DEpa d .,. -F4nal Report U.S. Department of Transportation1 UM • . - , , January June 1983 Urban Mass Transportation Admi m strai ton •14. i Sponsoring Agency Code Office of Technical Assistance IYI AR <, D Washington. D.C. 20590 —rp URT-20 15. Supplementary Notes / wBY 16. Abstroct This report presents overview information on hybrid propulsion technologies (also called "dual" propulsion) in order to increase the transit community's awareness and understanding of bus propulsion designs that offer .extended use capability for trolley-emergency, short-range, and back-up propulsion for trolley buses or offer some overall energy or fuel savings. Technical material .is provided to a greater extent on systems that are novel or appear to offer the greatest potential for future commercial development. This information is provided to make the transit community aware of advancements in hybrid technology that could help them better utilize their existing equipment or help them in decisions regarding the procurement of new vehicles 17. Key Words 18. Distribution Statement Hybrid propulsion. Dual Propulsion, Document is available to the public Flywheel Energy Storage, Hydraulic through the National Technical Accumulator, Urban Transit Bus, Information Service, Springfield, Inductive Coupling Virginia 22161 19. Security Classif. (of this report) 20. Security Classif. (of this page) 21* No. of P ages 22. Price UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 64 1700.7 (8-72) Form DOT F Reproduction of completed page authorized PREFACE This report presents overview information on hybrid propulsion technologies (also called "dual" propulsion). The Urban Mass Transportation Administration ( UMTA) Office of Technical Assistance sponsored this work in order to increase the transit community's awareness and understanding of bus propulsion designs that offer extended use capability for trol 1 ey-emergency , short-range, and back-up propulsion for trolley buses or offer some overall fuel or energy savings. This report was prepared by the Office of Systems Assessment of the Transportation Systems Center, with support from Mr. Ted Hawkes of the Transportation Equipment Development Company and Mr. John Aurelius of the New Jersey Transit Corporation. 1 D o o ?rr§« <** 0 -D * = *o LL 0 N .£.£ « > E s a Sr > O 8. £ CM >- CO O 09 8 -- 3 (A © CD © 45 «» --8 <y £ T5 ® °D o ~ " ** 2 C J= * © © 2 c © )z .£ > e — o © © © O © © © v» 4* 2 m > e OS- © © M u w r s 8? C •£ -C .C ** ' a a a c £ — - o S § — r- ®© rr -O ri -* O O 3 3 3 S i§| •? c r= .o .a © 3 (0 «= » 3 3 .£ .£ £ > £ s sr sr s o a*» *•- SQ. cr2 2a». LL u u S' £ o o. > O) UJ 00 J3 X UJ C © _ o > H* < id s X CN C UJ 5 a a tO 09 3 co to to 3 O S 09 ^ <0 DC * N » ID o cm O <- O N CO z ^ »' in 2 UJ o d d ^ d < Of ON d oi O 6 ci o id f < 8 CO 55 a - > < > 0C 9 e UJ a. Oo 3 © fc_ UJ o o a> m © 2 Q H c C M © O © °--8 o k. 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INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 General 1 1.2 Purpose 4 1.3 Report Content and Scope 4 2. PROPULSION OPTIONS 7 2.1 General 7 2.2 Thermal Engines 8 2.3 Electric Motor Propulsion Systems 10 2.3.1 Utility Power 10 2.3.2 Battery Power 11 2.3.3 On-Board Generation of Power - Fuel Cell 12 2.3.4 Inductive Coupl ing 15 2.4 Mechanical Energy Storage Propulsion Systems 17 2.4.1 Flywheel 19 2.4.2 Hydraulic Accumulator 21 2.4.3 Summary of Mechanical Energy Storage Devices 22 3. HYBRID PROPULSION SYSTEMS 23 3.1 General 23 3.2 Dual Power 25 3.2.1 Trolley/Diesel 25 3.2.2 Trolley /Battery 33 3.2.3 Troll ey/Flywheel 35 3.3 Auxiliary Hybrid 36 3.3.1 Trolley with Battery Auxiliary 37 3.3.2 Trolley with Engine-Generator Auxiliary 37 3.4 Mechanical Energy Storage Systems for Load Leveling 38 3.4.1 Diesel with Auxiliary Flywheel Storage System 39 3.4.2 Diesel with Hydraulic Accumulator 44 4. Summary Findings 53 v List of Figures Figure Page 1. Thirty-Five-Foot Hybrid Yellow Coach 3 2. Schematic of Possible Hybrid Configurations 6 3. Typical Transit Vehicle Power Profile 8 4. Voltage/Amperage Characteristics of Representative Fuel Cell 14 5. Roadway Inductive Coupling Power Transfer System 16 6. Summary of Mechanical Energy Storage System Developers and Their Areas of Involvement 18 7. Three Representative Energy Storage Flywheel Designs 20 8. Trolley Bus with Gasoline Auxiliary Engine 26 9. Troll ey/Gasol ine Generator Hybrid Propulsion - Public Service Coordinated Transport Coach 27 10. Diesel -Trolley Dual -Powered Bus - Renault 28 11. Mercedes Standard Size Trolley/Diesel Bus Coach 29 12. Schematic of Mercedes Trolley/Diesel Coach 30 13. Mercedes Articulated Trolley /Diesel Bus 30 14. Renault Dual -Powered Articulated Trolley Coach 32 15. Renault Dual -Powered Bus as Configured for Seattle Demonstration 32 16. Trolley Bus with Battery Auxiliary Power 33 17. Mercedes Dual -Powered Hybrid Bus 34 18. Garrett Flywheel Trolley Bus 36 19. Drivetrain Configuration and Estimated Performance of Renaul t ER-100 38 20. M.A.N.
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