AsphaltProfessional JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF ASPHALT TECHNOLOGY

No 61 • SEPTEMBER 2014

National Conference Report 2014 Scottish welcome is a huge success

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DOCKS AIRPORTS RACETRACKS ANY HEAVY TRAFFIC AREA No 61 • SEPTEMBER 2014 Contents Professional 4 PRESIDENT’S VIEW Asphalt

5 INSTITUTE UPDATE

6 EVENTS Brrrr…

Welcome to the September issue of Asphalt Professional – sadly it denotes the 8 INSTITUTE NEWS end of the summer holidays and the beginning of colder and darker nights. On East Midlands, Western, South East, Scottish, North East & Northern Ireland Branches a brighter note, now is the start of a brand new season of brilliant IAT Branch technical and social events – time to dust off the black ties and ball gowns! 19 NATIONAL CONFERENCE REPORT St Andrews, June 2014 Check out the enormous list of forthcoming events on page 6 - our branches have put 31 IAT GOLDEN AWARD in great efforts to provide a wide range of events. Calling all Final Year Students This issue brings you a full round up of IAT activities since April – mainly the enormously 32 TECHNICAL PAPER successful National Conference in Scotland. Neil Anderson has provided a detailed run Benninghoven’s Next Generation Recycling down of the training day and conference speaker’s presentations, ensuring that if you 34 COMMITTEE REPORT didn’t make it to St Andrews, you can’t fail to be enthralled by the array of topics and Report on Activities of B/510/1 Asphalt plethora of information provided – thank you Neil. Aside from the obvious technical Products, TC227/WG1/TG3 Asphalt Product content of the event, I will always remember being piped into dinner, standing in the Standards and TC227/WG1 Bituminous Mixtures warm evening sunshine with a glass of champagne in my hand – only in Scotland! 36 ASPHALT STANDARDS UPDATE Huge congratulations to the Scottish Branch for such a memorable two days.

In addition to the conference report, we provide updates on many of the technical 38 COMMITTEE REPORT committees that have met recently, case studies on asphalt plant, TWO personal Notes on B510/2 Surface Treatments profi les, the inimitable Bolden Nuggets and a very interesting and thought 40 ASPHALT EXCHANGE provoking set of letters to the Editor, prompted by Jeff Farrington’s letter in the April issue. I am so pleased that we are starting to provoke debate and discussion 44 ASPHALT PEOPLE around subjects that are important to our members – keep the debate going or Helen Bailey & Frank Midwinter spark up a new one – Asphalt Exchange is YOUR soapbox. 46 BOLDEN NUGGETS Our next issue in November 2014 will be focussing on

Recycling 47 ASPHALT AMUSEMENT Copy date is 15th October 2014. If you want to submit a technical paper, please ensure we have this during September so it can be properly reviewed by our technical panel.

We are also looking for ‘A Day in the Life of….’ contributions for autumn 2014 from the whole range of asphalt people – from the Rake Hand to the Plant Operator, Front Cover: from the Health & Safety Advisor to the Technical Manager, from the Paver Forth Replacement Crossing Operator to the Laboratory Technician and everything in between. If you would with kind permission from Transport Scotland like to contribute, give me a ring or drop me an email – we want to include every asphalt job.

Please contact us if you would like to contribute your thoughts, images, reports, technical papers or have a © 2014 Institute of Asphalt Technology No material in this issue may be reproduced in any form product you would like to advertise – email address, except by permission in writing from the Institute Secretary. Contributors express their personal and professional opinions as always, is [email protected] in this publication and their views are not necessarily those of the Institute of Asphalt Technology. Happy reading! Designed by Sharon Levett • [email protected] Pippa Birch Editor www.instituteofasphalt.org

The Institute of Asphalt Technology President Arthur Hannah, FIAT PO BOX 17399 • Edinburgh • EH12 1FR Vice President Geraldine Walsh, FIAT tel 01506 238 397 Editor Pippa Birch, MIAT email [email protected] Business & Development Manager Russell Hunter website www.instituteofasphalt.org Hon Treasurer Ray Wood, MIAT ISSN 1479-6341 Secretary Michael Atkinson, FIAT PRESIDENT’SINSTITUTE NEWS VIEW

President’s View

glorious weather. The conference itself decided last year that it should come was very well attended and was entitled through the local branches who would know ‘Bridging the Gap’ covering subjects from the best candidates in their area. If you warm mix asphalt through gussaphalt, know anyone who may be deserving of one CE marking, laser controls and crack and of these awards then please get in touch seat technology. My thanks go to all the with your local chairman. He should be able speakers for their excellent presentations to explain the criteria for each award and and to the audience for their participation put forward the most deserving candidates in the question sessions which generated for his branch area. We are currently looking much discussion, a good sign for any for candidates to be put forward to the conference. September Council meeting for approval.

Arthur Hannah FIAT Also on the education front the enrolment President IAT We have come on a long for the Derby University Diploma in Asphalt way over the last few years Technology course is underway at the and now there is a degree moment with the course starting at the in asphalt technology - who end of September. This is an excellent opportunity to get a recognised diploma would have thought that from a university in the core of our industry, 20 years ago? asphalt technology. There is now the chance to advance this even further and take it onto If you missed this year’s conference and to a degree for those who want to go that want to make sure that you get there far. We have come on a long way over the in 2015 then get the date in your diary last few years and now there is a degree now. The Golf day, Presidents dinner and in asphalt technology – who would have Conference will be held on Wednesday 17th thought that 20 years ago? I have just returned from our National and Thursday 18th June 2015 at Oulton Hall Conference held in Scotland for the fi rst Those that have been on the course over near Leeds and is being organised by the time at St Andrews. The Scottish branch the past few years have all rated it well. Pennines branch. The theme and further did a wonderful job in organising the Golf The beauty is that it is done mostly at home details are in the process of being decided day, President’s Dinner and the Conference with several tutorials during the year. This and will appear on the website in the not itself and even threw a training day in allows you to work at your pace and you too distant future along with the facility to for good measure. I am sure that those will have ready access to the tutors for make a booking. I am sure it will be another of you who attended will join with me help, as well as colleagues at work. If you event not to be missed. in congratulating Andrew Bird and his are interested then contact Tony Stock, the team from the Scottish branch on such a The Institute has for a long time proposed details are on the website and speak to wonderful occasion. They even managed candidates to the Worshipful Company your employer about sponsoring you, they to organise perfect weather for the two of Paviors for the awards of Apprentice, will also get the benefi t from your further days which made the golf a real joy. The Journeyman and Master Pavior. The principle education. Most of the employers will allow start to the Presidents Dinner was also of these awards is to promote the industry some study time during the working week different with the guests being piped onto and award suitable candidates who are so all of the work may not have to be done the coaches and then a pipe band playing working through the traditional way from in your own time. But even if it is think of outside the venue while we enjoyed the tools upwards. In the past the names the benefi t and satisfaction of obtaining a champagne reception, again in the have come through Council but it was either the diploma or the degree.

4 Asphalt Professional • September 2014 www.instituteofasphalt.org INSTITUTE UPDATE

Institute Update – September 2014

I hope you have all enjoyed the great is in safe hands and very much look forward summer weather and have had the to that event. opportunity to recharge your batteries. As you will no doubt read elsewhere We were delighted to attend the Hillhead in this issue, the conference took show in June. We shared a stand with the place in June and was a great success. IOQ and University of Derby. The event was Congratulations to all involved in the very busy and, for once, the weather was planning and execution of the event. The kind for the three days. It was a pleasure true indicator of success is the feedback to talk with existing and future members received afterwards and I am delighted of the Institute, its always nice to have face to face discussions with people who mainly that the responses have been very good Russell Hunter speak to us by email. indeed. It was great to see Andrew Bird’s Business and Development Manager vision for the event fi nally reach fruition, Looking to the future now, after the Branch his desire to have a distinct Scottish fl avour Chairman meeting taking place this month to the event being very much realised. Please contact me with any Institute I hope that any members who have related query. My contact details: branches which suffer from holding few or I would like to pay special acknowledgement [email protected] no meetings will see this issue addressed. to those who gave up their personal time 01506 238 397 to ensure the conference ran smoothly, I would ask for your support if your branch particularly Craig McQueen and Gordon Steel has been inactive for a period or has not for the main event. In addition Nigel Hardy been putting on many meetings, please do and Graham Hogg who looked after the make the effort to attend – it really makes organsation/running of the golf competition the difference. The content of these meetings and ensured that was a success. will be Council led to ensure you receive the best technical content and speakers. One might ask how can this be repeated in With the new online features for branch future? I believe the bar has now been set events it’s very easy to register to attend. very high and the Pennines branch will be You will receive an email invitation before hard pushed to follow. However, from the any event which will include the topic, early plans from Ian Lancaster I believe it speaker, location and a link to register.

Gordon Steel hard at work! The IAT logo was very visible at Hillhead

www.instituteofasphalt.org Asphalt Professional • September 2014 5 EVENTS

Events www.instituteofasphalt.org/events NATIONAL EVENTS

Thursday 11 September 2014 Scottish Branch IAT Golf Outing Alloa Golf Club, Schawpark, Alloa

Thursday 18 September 2014 Western Branch Advanced Bituminous Systems for Highways and Civils Wayne Perrin. Fox and Hounds, Tytherington, Frome.

Monday 22 September 2014 South East Branch Smart Asphalt: Radio Frequency Identifi cation of Asphalt Donna James. The Marlborough Head, 24 North Audley Street

Tuesday 30 September 2014 North East Branch Discussing HRA Jeff Farrington. Ramside Hall Hotel, Durham

Tuesday 7 October 2014 Scottish Branch Non-Intrusive Testing & Data Logging Dr. Michael Gordon. The Westerwood Hotel, St Andrews Drive, Cumbernauld

Tuesday 21 October 2014 Scottish Branch IAN 73/06 Performance Foundations Malcolm Durie. The Westerwood Hotel, St Andrews Drive, Cumbernauld

Tuesday 11 November 2014 Scottish Branch – Joint Meeting with The Institute of Quarrying Warm Mix Asphalt in Scotland David Hardy. The Westerwood Hotel, St Andrews Drive, Cumbernauld

Saturday 15 November 2014 Western Branch 33rd Annual Dinner Dance The Bristol Hotel, Prince Street, Bristol

Thursday 27 November 2014 South East Branch Quiz Night The Marlborough Head, 24 North Audley Street

Tuesday 20 January 2015 Scottish Branch TS 2010 All Done and Dusted! Alan Ferguson. The Westerwood Hotel, St Andrews Drive, Cumbernauld

Tuesday 17 February 2015 Scottish Branch AGM followed by The Forth Bridges Approach Roads Stuart Menzies & Russell Smith. The Westerwood Hotel, St Andrews Drive, Cumbernauld

Tuesday 10 March 2015 Scottish Branch – Joint Meeting with CIHT & ICE Northern/Highland Branches, Retexturing of Carriageway Surfaces Ged McGhee. Inverness College, Main Building, Longman Road, Inverness

Friday 20 March 2015 Scottish Branch Annual Dinner TBC. The Westerwood Hotel, St Andrews Drive, Cumbernauld OTHER EVENTS

Thursday 23 October 2014 SCI: Best Practice for Potholes and Patching SCI, London

Wednesday 19 November 2014 Seeing is Believing 2014 Bruntingthorpe, Leicestershire

6 Asphalt Professional • September 2014 www.instituteofasphalt.org INSTITUTE NEWS CONNOR CONSTRUCTION The South West’s leading Paver and Labour Hire Company proud to be supporting our local community

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We are committed to providing the right equipment and people. For further details, Whatever you need. please contact us on Wherever you need. 01373 836182 or Whenever you need. [email protected] www.instituteofasphalt.org Asphalt Professional • September 2014 7 INSTITUTE NEWS

East Midlands Branch Report Report by Helen Bailey – July 2014

Greetings from Middle England! Rather than have you read my ramblings on life in the East Midlands, we as a committee thought it was high time we asked you, the subscribing and dedicated professionals of the industry, what it is you would like to see happen in terms of technical, social and other events in the region.

To do this we embarked on an East/West Midlands survey in the hope that as we become the people’s branch we will begin to see more and more of you supporting various events. So here are the results with the charts and graphs you’ve all been waiting for….

The survey was sent out to both Midlands branches equating to approximately 180 people and generated a 29% response rate which is considered to be above the acceptable rate for representative results (with 21% of those responding coming from the East Midlands - clearly a more vocal region). The survey itself was split into three parts, namely, technical evenings, entertainment preferences and about you, findings were as follows;

8 Asphalt Professional • September 2014 www.instituteofasphalt.org INSTITUTE NEWS

In response to these results we are now in the process of contacting various speakers to confirm the technical programme for the next 12 months with a proposed programme for 2016 available for comment. With a resounding 70% in favour of a training day, details and viability are still being discussed, updates will be provided in due course.

September 2014 – The Future of Bitumen – Nottingham/Derby November 2014 – Intelligent Pavements – Derby May 2015 – Intelligent Compaction – Coventry June 2015 – Possible training course – TBC

Proposed 2016 programme: Tar, An update Utilities and Reinstatements Skid Policy Road surface treatments

Rather ironically the food choice of preference for technical evenings was fish and wait for it, chips! Which leads me nicely on to entertainment…

In response to feedback and back by degrees of response it was clear from the As a thank you to those taking the time to popular demand is the quiz and I am comments that the dinner is a welcome read and complete the survey, the branch pleased to announce that to give the rest opportunity to network with colleagues agreed to donate £1 to the Lighthouse Club of us a chance, John McCulloch has kindly in the region. Given the vast geographical for every completed survey and also placed agreed to be quiz master for the ‘not quite spread of the branch it was decided to everyone into a prize draw to win a £50 keep the dinner in Northampton and look M&S voucher. The lucky winner was Mark Christmas quiz’ which we plan to hold late to the Chef for further inspiration on the Wilson of Hanson Contracting. November around Leicester. food whilst we explore options for evening In the meantime I would like to thank In an attempt to understand if the dwindling entertainment, watch this space! the committee for their continued support numbers attending the annual dinner has This survey also revealed those of you in keeping the East Mids going and look been purely in response to lack of funds we keen to support the branch by joining the forward to the year ahead with them. also investigated location, format and food committee, I look forward to introducing options. Whilst all of these received varying our new team in due course. www.instituteofasphalt.org Asphalt Professional • September 2014 9 INSTITUTE NEWS

Western Branch Report Report by Cliff Nicholls – March 2014

A technical meeting of the Western Branch was held at the Fox and Hounds, Tytherington, near Frome on Thursday, 13 March 2014 when David Wilson of Walo UK Limited gave a talk entitled “Dam asphalt – hydraulic asphalt engineering for dams, reservoirs and landfi ll” to a packed audience. David started by explaining that Walo Bertschinger, the parent company, is Swiss family-run multi-disciplinary Civil Engineering with over 3500 employees. Hydraulic asphalt engineering is the key to the early activities of Walo, which is now recognised as one of the world’s leading specialists in hydraulic asphalt lining systems.

To be suffi ciently stable when placed Up to December 2013, hot and uncompacted to enable reliable [Walo] had worked on compaction on slopes of up to 1:1.6. 130 reservoirs, 47 dams, It has an air voids content after 18 channels / canals, 75 completion of not more than 3%. rehabilitations, 60 lakes It is unaffected by sunlight, ambient and ponds and 93 landfi lls; temperatures up to 650°C, frost action a total of over 10,500,000 m² He explained that Walo laid its fi rst asphalt and all natural weather conditions. lined reservoir in 1939, the fi rst landfi ll It is resistant to mechanical forces David then showed photographs of some of cell lined in 1979 and the fi rst dam face resulting from impact of construction the dams that Walo had been undertaken, lining in the UK, Sulby Dam on Isle of Man, materials, drainage materials or starting with the comment of “how steep in 1982. Walo UK Limited was established constructional and operational plant is steep”. There are several techniques in 1999 and covers the UK and Ireland. Up and equipment. including vertical placement on slopes, to December 2013, it had worked on 130 vertical placement on larger slopes, reservoirs, 47 dams, 18 channels / canals, It is suffi ciently fl exible to accommodate horizontal placement on slopes 75 rehabilitations, 60 lakes and ponds and a differential settlement of the 93 landfi lls; a total of over 10,500,000 m². underlying formation to up to 40 mm (measured normal to the plane of David explained that Walo use a dense membrane) in a distance of 400 mm asphaltic lining system generally comprises without showing signs of stress or four layers, each of which fulfi l specifi c cracking. functions to ensure the integrity of the barrier system. These layers are a All joints are completely watertight. stabilising/drainage layer, an asphaltic David explained that the asphalt materials binder layer (ABL), a dense asphaltic and asphaltic dam cores. He then discussed are designed using 34 different tests to concrete layer (DAC) and a mastic seal the particular case of joints which, even achieve the optimum design using the local coat. The DAC lining system (which is more so than in normal construction, component materials. Before commencing not necessarily compliant to EN 1308-1) need to be constructed precisely. any works on site, samples of possible is designed and constructed: aggregates, fi llers and bitumen are tested The meeting ended with the usual question To be watertight against the required to determine the suitability of the various and answer session, although most of the maximum hydraulic pressure of up to materials to produce satisfactory mixtures questions were answered during the talk. 200 m of water. to enable the DAC to meet the required A paper written by David Walo was included Not to contain mobile toxic compounds. specifi cation. in the 2014 Yearbook.

10 Asphalt Professional • September 2014 www.instituteofasphalt.org No 57 • SEPTEMBERINSTITUTE NEWS2013

South East Report Report by Iain Simpson – April 2014

South East Branch of IAT – Technical Evening on the 7th April 2014 at the Marlborough Head pub, London. Sustainable Drainage Systems, Presented by Chris Marchesi, Aggregate Industries.

The presentation started with listing the These schemes could be either; main reasons why sustainable drainage Infi ltration (highly permeable) was required today, such as; 1. Climate change Attenuation (storage)

2. Building on fl ood plains Partial mixture of both Finally Chris talked about the commercial 3. Overall reduction in aquifer recharge Chris then talked about the various product and environmental advantage of offering It then went on to talk about various types available, and the relative benefi ts SuDs as a complete package and where misconceptions and the actual concepts of each. This led on to a description of the it fi tted in terms of asset management behind regarding SuDs schemes; porous asphalt currently produced by AI (durability). (others are available!) listing the various 1. Improve water quality There was a lively Q & A session afterwards (fi ltration of hydrocarbons) material design parameters that are set where several members both enhanced on to determine performance. 2. Increase available water the points Chris had made as well as taking a client perspective on SuDs in general. quantity (recharging aquifers) This led neatly to the section on pavement 3. Increase in amenity benefi ts design and where PA sits in terms of the Thanks to Chris and the branch for (small wetland/wildlife areas) UK standard pavement design methodology. an excellent technical evening.

South East Report 2 July 2014

Since the last Branch Report in April of The main thrust of Bob’s discourse was to a very lively question and answer session this year the Branch has met only once encourage the use of high durability, long following the presentation. for a technical evening on 16th June, this life materials which tend to be dense, rich Our next technical evening is scheduled comprised of Bob Noakes of Norfolk County mixtures with low texture depths. He spoke to be held on Monday 22nd September Council holding a discourse on “Assessing about Norfolk’s experience and approach and consists of Donna James from the Client Risk on Low PSV, Low Textured of specifying lower texture depth and PSV Highways Agency giving a presentation Surfacing” to a very well attended aggregates than used in SHW. He showed the entitled “Smart Asphalt: Radio frequency meeting. use of these types of surfacing was perfectly identifi cation of asphalt”. Further details safe and opened up a debate around where A new venue was arranged for this meeting can be found on the websitewith subject liability lies regarding accidents. He also as some kind of football tournament had matter for future technical evenings, but mentioned the soon to be published local commenced that same week and our usual please note that the venue might change authority version of Clause 942. pub had the cheek to televise a game in (although it will remain in central London). “our” room. Happily this turned out to be a Bob’s easy style and novel approach to his blessing in disguise as the new venue was “presentation” was extremely well received Zito Fonseca much more suited to our needs. by the audience and ensured that there was Chairman, IAT South East Branch

www.instituteofasphalt.org Asphalt Professional • September 2014 11 INSTITUTE NEWS

Scottish Branch – The Military Road Report by Neil Anderson

The title was the subject of a technical presentation given on the 11 March 2014 at Inverness College by Stuart Guthrie and Dr. Michael Gordon of Mouchel. The background to this project was the numerous landslips resulting in closure to the A83 which had occurred since 2006. There has been 34 road closures in the last three years, the most recent in March when 600-700 tonnes of landslip blocked the route.

There were two possible diversionary routes, the forestry track or the old military road see map below:

Construction of the original military The rehabilitation of the route was carried 2000 microns – about ten times greater than road began in 1743 and was fi nished in out after completion of a pavement would be expected from a normal road. DCP 1749. The road was handed over to The investigation and design. The pavement tests used to assess the unbound foundation Commissioners of Highland Roads in 1814, investigation included a structural survey of strength, indicated CBRs in the range of improvements were made in the 20s and all 102 culverts and bridges, a topographic 5-100%. The fi nal design of the pavement 30s. The road was still in use up to the 60s survey and a pavement investigation. A was based on the budget for the scheme and 70s and was also used by motorsport falling weight defl ectometer and ground and the conclusions of the investigations. clubs for hillclimbs. The road was bypassed penetrating radar survey, trial pits, road The pavement design varied according to in 1937 at a cost of £100,000 (equivalent cores and dynamic cone penetrometer (DCP) different sections of the road but in general to £5M today). tests were carried out to determine the a regulating layer was used to correct the structural condition of the road. A visual A study which considered the structural and vertical alignment. Mesh reinforcement was survey of the road indicated that poor the safety aspects, the journey time, the used to enhance the load spread ability of drainage would have to be rectifi ed. engineering required, environmental issues the pavement and improve fatigue life. It and mobilisation during slip or breakdown For the purposes of design the assumed was decided to use a high quality asphaltic recovery was carried out. The comparison of traffi c loading on the road was < 1 million concrete mix above the mesh and an EME2 the two roads proved that the old military standard axles. The defl ection profi le of the was selected because it was cohesive, had road was preferred to the forestry track. old road indicated values of the order of low voidage and good fatigue resistance.

12 Asphalt Professional • September 2014 www.instituteofasphalt.org INSTITUTE NEWS

The EME was used because it was considered to be the strongest and most impermeable material available. A 6mm SMA mix was used as the construction platform for the mesh and EME2. The total thickness of bitumen bound layers varied between 60mm to 120mm.

A falling weight defl ectometer survey was carried out after the road was complete. The defl ection profi les were normalised and the defl ection was of the order of 500 microns. Although it was diffi cult to back analyse the data of the existing old road, because of the variable makeup of the road, the comparison of original defl ections to the defl ections from the new construction show the overall improvement in response.

This was a very interesting joint presentation by Stuart Guthrie and Michael Jordan who have used their powers of lateral thinking to come up with an effective pavement solution. This was very well attended by members from the CIHT, ICE and the IAT and there was also a video conference link to members in Golspie, Sutherland.

www.instituteofasphalt.org Asphalt Professional • September 2014 13 INSTITUTE NEWS

Falklands Runway Resurfacing, the Contractor’s View Report by Neil Anderson

In October 2012, the Scottish Branch of the IAT was privileged to have John Cook of the MOD as a guest speaker on the subject of the Falklands Runway resurfacing (from the MOD perspective). Colas, who worked on the project, came to the branch to give us ‘the Contractors View’ and gave a strong presentation on key areas of the works involved.

The scope of work was the resurfacing and The tendering process required a site visit on the islands suggested for use, a quarry AGL rehabilitation of two main runways to the existing facility - local aggregates called Pony’s Pass was considered to be and eight taxiways. In addition there was were sampled, meetings were held with viable. Samples of aggregate were obtained also the repair and replacement of concrete local suppliers and welfare arrangements and provisional mix designs were carried joints, surface treatment of existing concrete were reviewed. The tender was assessed out by using imported sands and fi llers. aprons, new approach lighting and other on the basis of 50/50 quality and price. The The aggregate type was quartzite which ancillary works. The work was divided into process took place in the last three months does not have a good affi nity for bitumen six clear work phases. of 2009 and the contract award was given so hydrated lime fi llers and 40/60 pen in April 2010, mobilisation then continued A clear PowerPoint presentation was used cariphalte bitumen were used to address for the next four months and the contract to illustrate the works, with a selection this issue. The stone mastic asphalt used started in September 2011. of opening slides showing a map of the all local aggregates and an adhesion agent location of the Falklands in comparison to The materials to be used on the contract was used to improve water sensitivity the United Kingdom. This emphasised the were as follows: 25,000 Tonnes Marshall characteristics of the mixes used. The 8,000 miles distance between the two asphalt, 9,000 Tonnes stone mastic asphalt, pervious macadam used local aggregates locations and presented obvious logistical 129,000 linear metres pervious macadam with minimal imported fi ller and 100/150 issues such as a 3-5 weeks shipping wait and 500m3 pavement quality concrete. The pen straight run bitumen. and an 18 hour fl ight time. An organogram design requirement in the contract was to which identifi ed all the personnel working produce mixes for all surfacing and concrete. Preliminary Marshall Asphalt trials met the on the project for the client, including the Local aggregates were used with imported specifi cation but the client’s project manager armed forces and Colas was also used. fi nes and bitumen. Out of the three quarries did not approve the mix based on the appearance of the surface as it was judged to be too open. Three thousand tonnes of fi ne sand was despatched from the UK to improve the texture of the surface and the mix was then approved. The main runway was 45 metres wide and the existing Marshall asphalt was planed to a depth of 50mm and relaid in 60 metre lengths.

One hundred and twenty fi ve personnel were employed on the contract by Colas over a 25 week contract period. There were contract requirements regarding security and a good behaviour clause as part of the employment contract. Medical and dental clearances were also required to ensure that the workload was not going to be an unnecessary physical burden on the workforce.

14 Asphalt Professional • September 2014 www.instituteofasphalt.org INSTITUTE NEWS

Two asphalt plants were used to carry out the work along with paving equipment, mobile cranes, civils equipment and trucks. A volumetric concrete mixer was used to manufacture the concrete while thirteen thousand barrels of bitumen and three thousand tonnes of powders were transported to site. A mobile laboratory was used to carry out all the required tests.

Possession of the works was given over six phases and experienced constraints as the air base was an active military theatre to which the air-bridge resupply was vital. This part of the operation was carried out with no delays or impact on military operations. There was a 12 month maintenance requirement in the contract and key plant had to remain on site during this period. The contract was fully complete in July 2012.

Sustainability was achieved by reusing 35000 tonnes of asphalt and concrete planings As testimony to the quality of staff and contracts management on the project, there were no environmental incidents or lost hours in the 200,000 total working hours. Sustainability was achieved by reusing 35000 tonnes of asphalt and concrete planings. Water and energy use was recorded and monitored. Transport was shared in minibus format.

The Scottish branch of the IAT and members are very grateful to Colas for this technical presentation, which was very informative and well presented.

www.instituteofasphalt.org Asphalt Professional • September 2014 15 INSTITUTE NEWS

North East and Cumbria Branch Report Report by David Jones

The Branch AGM was held on Thursday 22/5/14, in the familiar surroundings of The Ramside Hotel, Durham. Newly elected Chairman, David Jones, had agreed to take the chair for the second time, to ensure recent momentum, in re-establishing the branch, is maintained. The AGM had produced agreement to change the branch name from North Eastern to North East and Cumbria and also to increase the number of events arranged jointly with CIHT and IOQ. A full programme of events, through to and including the next AGM, was also agreed and is shown below.

The AGM preceded an excellent Technical indeed uncut, joints can, like the preceding being restricted to the binder and surface Evening. We were delighted to welcome lack of compaction, cause premature failure course layers and that without shoulders back an old and very supportive friend of because of poor durability. showing deformation from beneath the the branch and eminent asphalt wizard, capping layer up through the entire depth Whilst the preceding can be classed as non- Dr Robert Hunter. Robert’s subject for the of the foundation and pavement. structural (or at least initially in respect of evening was Asphalt Defects. He began by longitudinal joint failure), Robert moved confi rming the Four Most Common Defects Robert then proceeded to outline Key on to the remaining two most common – Inadequate Skid Resistance, Longitudinal Construction Aspects, the importance defects Cracking and Deformation, classing Joint Failure, Deformation and Cracking. of – Sealing Joints, Adequate Compaction both as structural failure mechanisms. and Achieving Good Bond between layers. He touched on the principles involved He highlighted and expanded upon how In addition to confi rming the importance in providing good resistance to vehicle cracking is initiated relative to traffi c loading of sealing joints (classing it as one the skidding, the effects of traffi c polishing and confi rmed the two types, bottom up most important aspects of constructing (which can be particularly severe on roads and top down, and the misplaced trust longitudinal joints) he made reference to BS carrying large volumes of heavy commercial given to the mantra that all roads crack 594987 and confi rmed the requirements of vehicles), the relationship of microtexture from the bottom up, not just some of cl 6.8.1 relative to cutting and painting of and macrotexture to low and higher them. With reference to TRL Report 250 surface joints and also ventured the opinion speed skid resistance respectively and the he confi rmed the conclusion that in thicker, that perhaps more was required, in terms importance of the aggregate PSV value. In or long life pavements, with noticeable respect of Longitudinal Joints he outlined of sealing relative to other asphalt layers deformation in the vehicle wheel tracks it the importance of good compaction on (cl 6.8.2). was almost always confi ned to the surfacing each side of the joint, a common problem ie the surface course and binder course, being poor compaction on one side of the In terms of adequate compaction, classed particularly true on roads with a total joint, which can be due to heat loss from as a fundamental requirement, he guided asphalt thickness exceeding 200 mm. the edge of mat 2 into mat 1 or poor level us through the means of achieving it control, with one mat lower than the other This was in line with slides produced and started by producing an interesting preventing effective compaction across the towards the end of the presentation slide, based on the fi ndings within TRRL joint. Also confi rming that poorly cut, or showing deformation, with shoulders, Supplementary Report 260.

16 Asphalt Professional • September 2014 www.instituteofasphalt.org INSTITUTE NEWS

The slide highlighted the substantial in the base provided the essential key to continuing on into 1999 with early signs of variation in compaction across a lane width pavement design. Whilst high stiffness is failure beginning to appear resulting in the of DBM, with the highest recorded density a very desireable property in an asphalt withdrawal of HMB15 and 25 on 2/3/2000. at the centre, away from the heavily (high stiffness provides good load spreading Robert ended the section by asking why loaded wheel tracks, at the time coming properties) - a eureka moment from one the situation arose? – and concluding that as no surprise relative to traditional rolling of our members gave mention to Young’s the longer term behaviour of HMB 15 was methods, from the centre towards the modulus of elasticity, humble Contractors, not established, more strictly controlled edges. Modified rolling was found to reduce like the writer, were suitably impressed! the disparity in density across the lane monitoring over a period of at least two width. He also that the German specification Robert referred to TRL Report 231 (1997) years, ideally four should have been carried for AC and SMA surface courses contained which stated that initial HMB trials out – and why did HMB fail? – he stated that void content requirements in contrast to confirmed that the HMB15 could be mixed, there was simply not enough bitumen and if the UK where there are no minimum voids laid and compacted using conventional UK more bitumen had been added, the stiffness specifications. plant allaying fears that the material would would have fallen, and savings disappeared be difficult to compact without the use of and you’re back to HDM50 and DBM50! Robert made reference to HD 26/06, in that very heavy, pneumatic tyre rollers, as used He summarised his presentation with two the designs contained therein are based on in France for their variant of the material. adhesion is achieved slides on avoiding defects in pavements the principle that full Futhermore, the superior load-spreading between the individual layers of asphalt, – the pavement must be designed properties of HMB allowed the same design such that they act as a single monolithic properly, specifiers must ensure that their life to be achieved by significantly reducing layer and for this to be achieved in practice requirements are clearly stated in contract the thickness, when compared with and to ensure long-life performance, a tack documents, the myriad of operations that conventional base --- considerable or bond coat is required between all layers. constitute a laying operation must be cost saving were possible! He also stated that to his knowledge there tightly controlled and regular formalized are no published papers that establish a link TRL Report 231 also stated that the visual condition surveys, by experienced between a lack of bond and a reduction in deformation resistance of HMB was staff, need to be carried out. His closing resistance to fatigue/reduction in service improved without any detrimental remarks advised that it is essential defects life. He ventured the opinion that achieving effect on its cracking resistance. are addressed in a timely manner with a good bond between layers is eminently delays simply resulting in disproportionately However, a note of caution was desirable but not absolutely essential. He higher costs and the possibility of structural added, stating that further trials were continued to outline examples of bond and damage to the pavement. recommended to evaluate the system tack coat application and the associated fully. Robert confirmed events gathered A lively question and answer session good practice required. pace with the HA producing design charts followed, with the Chairman concluding He concluded the section with confirming containing HMB 15 and 35 in April 1998 the evening with extending his thanks, the importance of many small elements shortly followed by their use on major trunk on behalf of the branch, to Robert for an that together comprise a successful road schemes and non-trunk road schemes excellent and very informative presentation. surfacing operation and provided supporting anecdotes of how he ensured the Forthcoming North East Branch Events contracting fraternity complied with the 30/9/114 (Tues) Presentation by Jeff Farrington, required specification during his time as Hot Rolled Asphalt, Staying the test of time an RE on the highways of Scotland. Ramside Hall, Durham, 7.00pm (with buffet) 3/10/14 (Fri) Race Night The Disaster that was HMB - the subject Ramside Hall, Durham has attracted many an article and expert 18/11/14 (Tues) Presentation by Dr Ian Lancaster, Nynas, opinion but Robert provided us with a Something Old, Something New, Something Borrowed, factual account and insight into events Something Green – Appreciation of Binder Developments from the initial false dawn of the late Ramside Hall, Durham, 7.00pm (with buffet) 1990s to the eventual failures that led 2/12/14 (Tues) Presentation By Prof John Knapton, The Rise and Fall of HMB’s to the withdrawal of HMB 15 and 25 in Joint meeting with CIHT March 2000. He initially confirmed that the The George Hotel, Penrith, 7.00pm (with buffet) interaction between the elastic stiffness of 28/4/15 (Tues) AGM, Ramside Hall Durham the base, the shear stress in the foundation Details to be confirmed (subbase and capping) and the tensile stress 20/5/15 (Weds) Training Day Ramside Hall, Durham www.instituteofasphalt.org Asphalt Professional • September 2014 17 CHARITY

Action Man Appeal - Northern Ireland

This week Construction Material Suppliers from across Northern We are grateful for organizations such as the Institute of Quarrying, Ireland came together to raise money for the Action Cancer’s QPANI, Concrete Society, Chartered Institute of Highways and the “Action Man Appeal”. The 3rd Industry Golf Day was held on Institute of Asphalt Technology for their continued support.” Monday 9th June at the Hilton Templepatrick and raised a Gordon Best, Regional Director of QPANI, said “Sometimes in magnifi cent total of £3800 for the Charity. Gareth Kirk, Chief life we all have to take time out from our busy schedules and Executive of Action Cancer commented, “Unfortunately men do something good to support a worthy cause. There is not one ignore health symptoms for up to two years before consulting family in the country that has not been affected by cancer. We their GP. However, they will have a 16% higher risk of must all continue to do whatever we can to raise money that developing cancer than women and are 40% more likely can be invested in fi nding a cure for cancers of all types”. to die from the disease.”

It is crucial that men in Northern Ireland know the facts as Gareth outlined, ”Men in NI have the highest incidence of bowel cancer in western Europe and over 200 men in Northern Ireland die from the disease each year yet it is very treatable if caught early. Similarly with testicular, which affects 60 males every year, if caught early it is treatable and nearly always curable. The simple Cheque presentation to Action Cancer: from left – John Shannon, QPANI Chair; Gordon Best, QPANI; Ken Hood, IAT; Aiden Early, Action Cancer; message for men is to beat the odds and get checked out by John Kivlahan, Action Cancer; Michael Hardy,IoQ; Darren McMillan, your doctor or sign up for a free Action Cancer Health Check. Concrete Society; Stephen Caldwell, CIHT.

For further information please visit Action Cancer website www.actioncancer.org or call on 028 9080 3344

 YOUR AD HERE ^ŝƚĞDĞĂƐƵƌĞŵĞŶƚ/ŶŶŽǀĂƚŝŽŶ hsƌĞƐŝƐƚĂŶƚ͕ůŝŐŚƚǁĞŝŐŚƚ͕ĨŽůĚŝŶŐ͕ǁŝƉĞĐůĞĂŶ ůƚĞƌŶĂƚŝŶŐĐŽůŽƵƌƐŵĂƌŬĞĚŝŶϭϬϬŵŵƐĞĐƚŝŽŶƐ For information on how to advertise WZDEEd>z^>dK and show your support for the IAT, ^/dZKZ^EW,KdK'ZW,^ please go to www.instituteofasphalt.org and click on Publications & Media Information

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18 Asphalt Professional • September 2014 www.instituteofasphalt.org NATIONAL CONFERENCE

IAT National Conference, St Andrews June 2014

Our thanks also go out to Ammann and Colas who were the conference’s two main sponsors, the Presidents Dinner reception drinks were sponsored by Breedon Aggregates and SIBUR from Russia kindly sponsored the table wine at the dinner. Bardon Aggregates supplied the USB sticks and Conference bags, and Nynas the delegate information folder, and fi nally but by no means least Aeschlimann sponsored the prize draw.

As you will see over the following pages, the St Andrews National conference was a Arthur Hannah & Dave Walker packed couple of days, full of informative Representative for the Forth Replacement Andrew Bird presentations and great networking Crossing, gave the presentation on the new opportunities. If you didn’t make it this Queensferry Crossing and approach roads, I am pleased to be able to report to those year then try to get yourselves to next assisted by the magnifi cent panoramic view who couldn’t make it to St Andrews for year’s National conference which will from the centre’s exhibition room which this year’s National Conference that it be hosted by the Pennines Branch. took in the Forth (Railway) Bridge, the Forth was a truly multinational event; we had Andrew Bird Road Bridge and the ‘under construction’ delegates from Eire, France, Germany, Chairman, Scottish Branch Queensferry Crossing. The centre is open Italy, Russia and even Hong Kong for group and school bookings during attending both the training day and the the week and to the general public on conference. Saturdays, all being welcome to visit and In an experiment we tagged a Training Day view the 3D models and exhibition which onto the front of the conference for the has background information on the new fi rst time, more on this later, and included crossing. in this we had a presentation given at the Forth Crossing Control centre where Lawrence had tailored our presentation delegates could see the new Forth bridge to take account of the IAT interest in roads the Queensferry crossing construction right and asphalt in particular. He started off outside. by displaying a map which identifi ed the crossing as a key strategic connection which But we couldn’t just stay cooped up linkskey roads including the M90, A92, A90, inside the conference and lecture venues A985, M9, M8 and the A720. for two whole days without taking the National Conference Training Day Lawrence proceeded to give us some Presidents Dinner guests right into the Report by Neil Anderson information on the existing road bridge; heart of historic St Andrews to the Chapel The training day started on the morning corrosion in the main suspension cables of St Salvador’s founded in 1450, where of 18 June 2014 at the Forth Replacement was identifi ed in 2005 and it was estimated in the glorious evening sunshine the St Crossing’s Contact and Education Centre, that there was an approximate 10% Andrews City Pipe band gave the diners a situated next to the Forth Road Bridge. loss in strength as a result. As it was not typically Scottish musical welcome in the The Centre was completed in 2013 and also practical to repair the cables a system quadrangle before dinner was served in houses Traffi c Scotland’s National Control of dehumidifi cation and monitoring has the Lower College Hall. Centre where a series of monitors covering been put in place. Studies indicate that, The Scottish Branch would like to extend Scotland’s trunk road network are under if corrosion continues at the originally our thanks to all of the exhibitors that constant scrutiny by the staff. Lawrence predicted rate, the bridge could close supported this event and to the 190 Shackman, who is Transport Scotland’s to heavy vehicles as early as 2017 delegates who attended the conference. Project Manager/Deputy Employers and to all traffi c from 2021. www.instituteofasphalt.org Asphalt Professional • September 2014 19 NATIONAL CONFERENCE

There were 65 options considered for the The route corridor is comprised of dual replacement crossing including cable stay 2 and 3 lane motorway, public transport bridges, suspension bridges and tunnels, links and various new and improved over 5 different corridors. In 2007, Scottish junctions. Utilising the existing road bridge Ministers announced their intention for pedestrians, buses and taxis, whilst to proceed with a cable stayed bridge transferring all general traffi c to the new immediately west of the existing road bridge makes the best use of existing bridge, with an initial cost estimate of £3.2 infrastructure. Studies have also shown that -4.2 billion, whilst the new crossing was a light rail system could be retrofi tted to the to be ready by 2016. In 2008/9, there was existing bridge should a future need arise. a design and development phase which The design of the new 3 tower bridge was included extensive ground and marine strongly infl uenced by crossing stay cables surveys, traffi c modelling, environmental (located in the central reserve) because they Delegates on Training Day assessments and production of a specimen would retain a slender design which was design. In 2010, there was a Bill to the The bridge was built in 1964 and the deck deemed to be more aesthetically pleasing Scottish Parliament and competitive is comprised of a series of steel plates when viewed with the other two existing dialogue with various contractors which with the surfacing placed directly ontop. bridges. The existing road bridge has a resulted in a fi xed price design and build When resurfacing is required this has to be 1008 metre spanwhilst the new bridge has contract. In 2011, The Forth Crossing Act removed and relaid by hand, over a number two 650 metre spans and the new bridge’s came into force giving the legal right to of weekend carriageway closures. 70,000 towers are 210m high compared to those build the new bridge and approach roads vehicles use the bridge daily and there of the existing bridge which are 150m high. and to acquire the necessary land, with are no hard shoulders or wind shielding When complete there will be three bridges construction also commencing. so maintenance work, traffi c or weather on the site representing three different related incidents etc cause considerable types of structures built over three centuries. traffi c disruption when they occur.

existing Forth Road Bridge

20www.instituteofasphalt.org Asphalt Professional • September 2014 Asphalt Professionalwww.instituteofasphalt.org • September 2014 15 NATIONAL CONFERENCE

Construction of the road network is well are pushed in stages from the shore out concrete. The centre tower was constructed underway and an ITS intelligent transport across the piers, the steel being fabricated on a rock (dolerite) outcrop called Beamer system has been included to help keep by Cleveland Bridge. The concrete deck is to Rock. A pocket was formed in the rock by traffic moving over the 22km length of the be added after the steel part of the viaduct blasting and a dry environment was created project. Four contracts have been let: the is in place. ‘King posts’ and associated from which the construction could progress. Fife ITS, the Principal Contract (Queensferry cables are used to raise the end of the The bridge expansion joints will be situated Crossing and approach roads), the CEC/ viaduct over each of the piers during push at the abutments, with expansion away TSNCC and the M9 Junction 1A. The cost launching, which typically involves pushing from the centre tower, whilst the deck will range for the whole project at award of 80 metres over a 12 hour period. The have TS2010 surfacing. The project is still tender was substantially less than originally cable stayed bridge (situated between the on track to complete in 2016. forecast at £1.45-1.60 billion, but, mainly viaducts) also consists of a steel concrete because there has been low inflation, the composite deck. This will be constructed by The IAT would like to express their thanks estimated cost of the project has now been lifting prefabricated sections, some 12 to to Lawrence who gave us a very informative revised downwards to £1.40-1.45 billion. 15 metres in length, 40 metres wide and presentation making full use of the weighing up to 750 tons, from barges within panoramic view, 3D models and answered The Fife intelligent transport system has the Forth, connecting them to adjacent many questions. About 40 people attended been built early and shows around an 8 sections and then attaching the supporting this event and it was a very successful start minute peak journey time saving. Buses cables from the reinforced concrete towers use the hard shoulder during peak times to our training day. to the deck. and there has been a reduction in accidents The training day continued at St. Andrews over the first year of operation. Three types of foundations are used; a University where Stuart Guthrie of Mouchel cylindrical caisson sunk to bedrock below following the theme of bridges gave a The construction approach includes a the seabed, a cofferdam foundation ‘Code of Construction Practice’ which places talk on “Bridge Deck Surfacing”. Stuart constructed from sheet piles and open obligations on the contractors in relation to introduced the topic by referring to 8 excavations on dry land. The North and a range of issues including traffic routing, possible surfacing materials used on bridges. South Towers were constructed with noise/air quality and working hours. The He referred to national specifications for caissons up to 32 metres in diameter and Transport Scotland surfacing specification waterproofing and surfacing concrete bridge 30 metres deep. The caissons were keyed TS2010 was used on the Fife ITS and decks which did not cover steel decks and into the rock and grouted. For the South Lawrence presented slides of the surfacing were very brief and misleading. tower caisson, the mass concrete pour to operation which showed three pavers fill it to the underside of the tower base Stuart discussed all surfacing types and working in echelon to eliminate joints. was a world record for an underwater identified good and bad points for all The Contract to the South of the bridge, concrete pour of 16869m3. It took 15½ days the different products. All the requisite M9 Junction 1A, included upgrading of of continuous 24 hour working using four properties were listed and colour coded for the existing junction to provide all-ways barges, each capable of carrying 72m3 of each type of surfacing. For each material connections and widened carriageways, again utilising TS2010. A 2 minute peak Control Centre Building journey time saving has been achieved with a big reduction in accident statistics from 10 to 2 in the first year. Extensive tree planting and noise bunds have also been installed on this scheme.

Lawrence then proceeded to give us more information regarding the bridge construction. On the South side of the bridge there is a deep cutting leading to an approach viaduct which is 543 metres long including eight support piers. The North viaduct, which is some 200 metres long will be started in 2015. The viaducts, which are of steel concrete composite construction, NATIONAL CONFERENCE

Stuart explained how he had ranked each property, the fi nal summary showing all materials is given below:

Material > Best Property> Mastic Asphalt Gussasphalt Epooxy Asphalt (UK) Epoxy Asphalt (USA & ASIA) Hot Rolled Asphalt Thin Surface Course TS2010 Thin Surface Course Corrosion Protection Enhanced Stiffness Resist Deformation Worst Resist Rutting Resistance to Fatigue Easy of Laying that a product that had suffi cient binder, did Regulation of Surface not segregate and could be fully compacted Ride Quality with high stiffness values led to the use of Skid Resistance/Noise EME2 which met all of these requirements.

Life Expectancy Trials with EME2, with a control section of Construction Cost ££££ £££££ ££££ ££££ £££ ££ £££ HDM, were carried out in Scotland in 2005. Whole Life Cost ✓✓✓✓ ✓✓✓✓✓ ✓✓✓✓ ✓✓✓ ✓✓✓ ✓ ✓✓✓ Some of the lessons learnt were that EME was easier to compact than HMB, the bond Overall between layers is good and the mean insitu

Comparable Summary of all Surfacing air voids were of the order of 2%. Transport Scotland decided to use EME as material of choice on trunk roads including the use on By using this system it is possible to that in terms of the future it was better to crack and seat contracts. compare products almost at a glance and last twice as long and use 50% recycled or Gussaphalt, the product recently used on the secondary materials. Michael explained what additional Kessock Bridge, is considered best for most research on using softer binders was The case was made for using EME2; properties and thin surfacing to Clause 942 being carried out by the Scottish Road optimise durability of the upper layers, is the worst. As shown above the demands Research Board (SRRB). The question resist moisture, cracking and rutting and of bridge deck surfacing are high; provides posed was are we using the right binder constructability. This case was further additional corrosion protection, resistance pen? Work being done by the SRRB covers emphasised by considering the history to delamination and panel bending, fatigue type testing, low temperature properties of French pavement design. The empirical resistance from deck fl exibility, durable and and thermal properties. The workability, and mechanistic approaches to design were resistance to rutting. The desirable practical water sensitivity, wheel tracking, cyclic also considered and explained. The current properties are; easy to lay and compact, compression and fatigue by four point approach to pavement design was discussed smooth surface with good anti-skid bending with different aggregate types with 5 levels of testing and Michael properties, compatibility with waterproof has also been studied. Microscopy has demonstrated how these levels formed system and a long life. also been used to analyse the material. part of the performance based mix design Stuart’s talk is also included in the IAT approach. The next step is to report on the fi ndings yearbook 2014, this was an excellent of SRRB laboratory study, collect test data The retrospectoscope was also brought into topic presented in a very clear and concise from schemes and assess the pavement play and mistakes made in the UK by the manner and was ideal for a training day. performance by FWD over the fi rst year use of hard binders in conventional DBM in service. The challenge is to validate The next talk was by Michael McHale who was also discussed. An example of using laboratory derived properties with in presented “the EME2 Experience” the scope HMB which generated savings of about service performance. was: Why do we need it? Use in the UK, 25% when compared with conventional SRRB Collaborative Research and Future DBMs was given. The use of these materials This was an ideal topic for a training day Developments. Mike started off by looking resulted in premature failure, the materials containing many elements of pavement at typical UK road construction, long-life were diffi cult to compact, prone to design, performance and properties of roads and durability. Durability was linked segregation, had poor interlayer bond and materials and Michael’s presentation with sustainability with Michael stating water susceptible. The lessons learnt were and delivery were very well received.

22 Asphalt Professional • September 2014 NATIONAL CONFERENCE

St Andrews Golf Event No visit to Home of Golf would be complete without some involvement with the game. Luckily, with the Conference being held over a 2 day period, an opportunity was presented to those delegates arriving early to show their skills (or lack of) on one of St Andrews fine courses.

A total of 52 players assembled at The Links completion of their round to quench their Winner – Grant Shewan (47 points) clubhouse early on the 18th June to take on thirst. All who took part thoroughly enjoyed Runner Up – Ken Hood (42 points) the superbly presented Eden Course, one of the set-up of the course and the challenges the seven courses in the town administered that links golf can bring albeit without the Third – Robert McNaughton (40 points) by the Links Trust. The weather, which can fierce winds usually associated with this Longest Drive – Dougie Millar be fickle on the East coast, was on its best part of the country. behaviour and at some stage during the Nearest the Pin – Robert McNaughton round temperatures peaked at around 27ºC. The clear delight at playing golf in St Ladies Competition – Marylyn Wood Andrews was evident well into the night, The players were led off by our esteemed A special thanks to Colas for providing all with the many animated stories of what National President Arthur Hannah the wonderful prizes as well as balls, towels, might have been. The players were clearly accompanied by our own Ray Wood and tees etc… to all the players. There must also identifiable around the room with sun his wife Marylyn who by virtue of being be a special mention to Jamie Cocharan for tans equal to those of anyone spending the only lady in the field easily won the presenting these before the start of play Women’s event. a fortnight on the Costa del Sol. as well as to the organising committee of The competition was a Stableford event The prizes were presented by Andrew Gordon Hogg and Nigel Hardy. Lastly, thank and scoring was extremely good with some Bird Chairman of the IAT Scottish Branch you to all the participants - we are certain very notable points totals. The participants and Gordon Hogg of the Scottish Branch they enjoyed a memorable game of golf dehydrated returned to the clubhouse at the Committee. The Winners were:- in St Andrews. www.instituteofasphalt.org Asphalt Professional • September 2014 23 NATIONAL CONFERENCE

Conference Day A total of eight papers were presented over four sessions: 1 Cold Mix/Half Warm Mixes, Dennis Day, Nynas 2 Recycling Asphalt, Mikael Azran, FYAT Mixing Plants (Marini) 3 Laser Control to improve subbase and asphalt surface regularity 4 Gussaphalt Continuous Surfacing on Bridges, Kurt Andres, Aeschlimann 5 How CE Marking is working for road surface treatments, Howard Robinson, RSTA 6 New Routes for approval, David O’Farrell, PTS 7 Crack, seat and overlay method incorporating EME2, Michael McHale, TRL 8 M8, M73, M74 Motorway improvement project, Brett Archibald, Transport Scotland.

Summaries of papers 2,3,5,6 and 7 are fully What’s next? reproduced in the IAT 2014 Yearbook which is available online. reduced cost and emissions and improved Cold Mix/Half Warm mixes by Dennis Day worker safety. All parties involved in the was of great interest because it was an process have gains. update of the progress of acceptance of the Dennis outlined graphically the different technology, materials and specifi cation for mixes and what additives are used in the this range of products. manufacture. He identifi ed a list of 20 Dennis defi ned the mix category by benefi ts of warm/half warm mixes and temperature and stated that the evolution demonstrated by a histogram how the of warm mixes was initially to enable a proportion of total mix production in the reduction in manufacturing temperature USA had risen dramatically from 2009,this but the driver is now to reduce energy now being in excess of 25% of the total utilisation and impact on climate change. asphalt mixes manufactured. The use of The drivers for low temperature asphalt are cold mixes was next on the agenda and the now recognised as improved cold weather composition and properties were identifi ed Booking in workability, reduction of energy use, by Dennis.

24 Asphalt Professional • September 2014 www.instituteofasphalt.org NATIONAL CONFERENCE

The market development of low Michael Azran of FAYAT (Marini Mixing Michael’s talk ably demonstrated that Marini carbon asphalt was the next topic under Plants) presented on Recycling Asphalt. has a comprehensive knowledge of the consideration. A recent study by Atkins Michael’s extensive presentation detailed industry’s requirements and are using this identifi ed the barriers to the use of these the processes that Fayat use to include knowledge to manufacture asphalt plants products. Of the barriers identifi ed evidence RAP (recycled asphalt pavement) in the geared to producing materials that make the manufacture of new asphalt formulations. most effi cient use of a dwindling aggregate of performance was the most critical He defi ned milling options by using the resource and to counter high bitumen prices. followed by knowledge and understanding, terms a) demolition for removal of all design guidance, affordability, specifi cation, layers at one time and b) deconstruction for impartial assistance, personal views, removing individual layers. Recycling at the engineering skills, confi dence of success asphalt plant produces a hot mix product , and fi nally attitude to risk. recycling insitu produces a cold mix product. The recycling rate (R%) for HMA (hot mixed Dennis then gave examples of sites where asphalt) was defi ned by a formula which the various mixes had been laid; many of considered the ratio of RAP to HMA. these are being continuously monitored. For a London site he tabulated the physical Michael demonstrated how much RAP properties of an AC 20 dense binder for could be used in the three asphalt layers, hot mix and warm mix, the values listed base, binder and wearing course. It was were almost identical for the two mix shown that the maximum amount of RAP that could be used was dependent on the Malcolm Durie types. He then identifi ed some ideal cold amount of knowledge of the properties of mix sites and looked at a low temperature The third talk of the day was Machine the RAP. The ultimate proof required for a asphalt demonstration project on the A46 Control to Improve Sub-base and Asphalt surface course being that a mix containing in Leicestershire. Once again the properties Regularity presented by Malcolm Durie of RAP must meet all the performance tests for of the low temperature mix were compared Grontmij. Malcolm began with the scheme a mix without RAP. with a hot mix equivalent and found to background which he illustrated by use of be very similar. Dennis gave details of He then dealt with the practical issues of a live example. He showed a site layout heating RAP with three methods; indirect further site trials using various products plan featuring a 1.3 km single carriageway heating, direct heating and overheated including a site trial by Lafarge Tarmac in connecting to an existing road at with a aggregates being considered. Information on roundabout at either end of the road. 2011 which compared cold mix, semi-warm temperature of Aggregates/RAP moisture/ and conventional asphalt over a 750 metre In the construction of these works it was Recycling Rate/Asphalt Temperature was length of road. He also commented on the presented in graphical form. Examples of decided there would be a requirement trial of Tayset in Scotland which was laid recycling in the dryer ring and screening included in the Contract for level and surface on the A90 in November 2008 and is still RAP were also presented together with regularity control. Malcolm then explained performing well. The fi nal practical example operating principles. Michael demonstrated that how through the use of machine control was reference to South Lanarkshire’s cold that despite screening RAP this does not technology this would be achievable. To mix trials undertaken to explore the use of always result in better quality and he obtain good regularity in the upper layers recycled cold mix as a maintenance option. showed the advantages and drawbacks of it is necessary to also construct the lower the principle of recycling in the ring. layers to a higher standard than normally The talk was concluded by a summary of applied. Preliminary investigations were “where we are today” and Dennis said Through the use of a fl ow chart the process set up to review what had been achieved of recycling in the mixer was shown in that the West Midlands Highway Alliance, on other projects. This determined that two great detail by identifying the various plant a collection of local authorities, signed a types of machine control would be used; components. Michael also presented both concordant to try and reduce their carbon a Robot Total station was used to control the pros and cons of recycling in the mixer. footprint by using low temperature asphalt motor grader work on the sub-base and Amongst other topics Michael demonstrated by 2015. Staffordshire and Worcestershire an averaging beam was to be used for the the use of a recycling ring plus mixer, are now routinely taking warm mix and bituminous layers. An agreement was put recycling in a double drum and recycling in place to make machine control a contract outputs are steadily increasing in the UK. in a batch plant as well as recycling with requirement. Cold mix recycling has been demonstrated warm mixes. This latter subject offers new to be fi t for purpose on numerous roads but prospects and heightens the potential for After industry consultations a number of the up take continues to be slow. increasing possible recycling rates. additional and substitute clauses were put www.instituteofasphalt.org Asphalt Professional • September 2014 25 NATIONAL CONFERENCE in place which covered machine control, The Scottish foundation requirements and asphalt Branch would specifi cation changes. A TS 2010 surface course was also specifi ed with a dense base like to extend and binder DBM 50 pen SHW clause 929 our thanks to all materials for the lower bituminous layers. of the exhibitors The surface course was to be laid in echelon with the averaging beam. that supported this event and to The next stage of the pavement design was the investigation and determination the 190 delegates of the most appropriate techniques for who attended the the measurement of the actual tolerances conference achieved during construction. Two methods Delegates in Conference were identifi ed that could give accurate measurement of ride quality to an axle loads and any loads from standing or international standard. The ARRB walking slow moving commercial vehicles. Particular profi ler and a scanner machine were to be design concerns were bridge oscillations and used. The walking profi ler can report surface vibrations, linear slope, crossfall and number regularity variations at walking speed to of days in winter below -20ºC. World Bank class 1 requirement. The scanner machine used is capable of measuring road The application process for Gussaphalt was profi le variations and related parameters adequately demonstrated through a number such as the wavelength of the variations in of photographic examples. These showed the carriageway of the road that would be that Gussasphalt is laid by machine on rails evident to drivers. to ensure consistency in the laying technique. Kurt Andres A levelling course is used to correct thickness Malcolm provided examples of the raw before a constant thickness of material is laid. profi le plots and also presented a scale bridge resurfacing. These being essentially A Gussaphalt basecourse is laid followed by a showing international roughness index the protection of the structure, long service Gussaphalt surface course. Finally pre-coated ranges. It is intended to carry out additional life, high availability, low maintenance, chippings are rolled in to the surface course laser scanning and walking profi le meter and smooth ride, high level of safety, low noise to provide texture. Aran surveys on 5 other Scottish reference emissions, fast construction method. sites for comparative purposes. Kurt produced a graph of life cycle costs Kurt explained that durability of any surfacing which demonstrated that although The facts regarding smooth roads are was improved provided water and air are Gussaphalt was initially more expensive compelling; pavement serviceability index excluded from the body of the material. If a signifi cant savings were accrued in later (PSI) is directly related to roughness. Initial surfacing material contained voids the action years. As a conclusion Kurt produced a list smoothness is directly related to long term of traffi c and water would provide a pumping of objectives which were met by using roughness, road maintenance cost and road effect which would undoubtedly lead to Gussaphalt and served the interests of vehicle operating cost. Smooth roads last premature failure. Kurt illustrated with a the client, planner, public and road users. longer, cost less for the user and owner series of slides how the gussaphalt (voids The next presentation was: How CE Marking and the execution of this Contract is a <1%) worked in combination with eliminator is Working for Surface Treatments given very important fi rst step to establishing a to prevent water reaching the deck. by Howard Robinson of the RSTA. The Specifi cation for new works in Scotland. He then dealt with the practical issue of paper dealt with how CE marking is affecting The next presentation was given by Kurt implementation of the gussaphalt system. the Road Surface Treatment sector. Howard Andres of Aeschlimann on the topic This covered the design of the mix and the explained exactly what CE marking was and Gussaphalt Continuous Surfacing on manufacturing and laying plant. Some of the how it was required for many products and Bridges. Kurt started by defi ning how design parameters were given; annual and attests verifi cation by a manufacturer that important bridges are, being usually situated short term maximum and minimum service these products meet EU safety, health and at the centre of a road network. He then temperatures, traffi c frequency, proportion environmental requirements. He said that went on to investigate the key aims of of heavy goods vehicles and maximum whilst in the RST sector many products are

26 Asphalt Professional • September 2014 www.instituteofasphalt.org NATIONAL CONFERENCE not yet covered by CE marking authorities supply any product which is end performance A huge thank you to all are obliged to give priority (see public based they will need a CE mark for that those who supported the IAT procurement directive) to purchasing CE product as will any material supplier. marked products. The customer retains the National Conference 2014 – Howard took a more in depth look at right to buy products deemed fi t for purpose, we couldn’t have done performance requirements involved in if a CE product does not deliver the required it without you! level of performance the customer can obtaining a CE mark for surface dressing. decide to use something else. Guidance on the use of BS EN 12271 and The approval system does not often 12273 is given in published document; have measurable criteria and is often not Howard looked at surface dressing and PD 6689:2009 which covers all constituent performance measured. There is also a micro-surfacing (slurry) both of these types materials and their properties. reluctance to accept or share information of products had been affected and the BS’s from other road operators. A trunk road In summary Howard said that all RSTA applicable are end performance standards approval system usually involves TRL to and it became a legal requirement to provide contractor members are now CE marked. assess the product and thereafter the a CE mark from July 2013. Other types of CE marking is not currently being asked Specifi cation for Highway Works (SHW) can surfacing currently in use such as high friction for by the majority of authorities and that be amended to permit use of the product. In surfacing, thermal repairs, grouted macadam, in his view it may take some time before the UK the SHW has the status of a national deferred set materials, asphalt preservation authorities collectively start demanding technical specifi cation. A fi ve stage approach systems and crack and joint repair systems CE marked products. from desk study to laboratory study, pilot are currently still covered by HAPAS. In-situ and full scale trials to Highways agency recycling, jet patching, re-texturing and specifi cation trial was introduced in the early geo-synthetics all remain covered by local 1990s. HAPAS (Highway Authority Product specifi cations. Approval Scheme) was then introduced in 1995 as a national approval scheme for The three key steps to obtaining a CE mark products which were outside the scope of are being a certifi ed ISO 9001 company, existing standards. This scheme introduced completion of a one year type approval a six stage approval process which included installation trial and passing the audit. a system performance trial before certifi cation at the end was granted. Recipe dressings do not need a CE mark Other approval systems, such as Transport because a contractor is deemed to be Scotland’s TS 2010, for surfacing materials, installing ‘works’ and not a ‘product’ to have also now been adopted. the clients design, responsibility for the performance rests with the authority who has David pointed out that change is needed as a done the design. result of evolving European legislation which David O’Farrell requires mandatory certifi cation of certain CE marking also affects Sector Scheme 13 products. Principal regulatory requirements (SS13) for Road surface treatments because The Next presentation was “New Routes for certifi cation are found in the Construction authorities at tender stage can no longer for Approval” given by David O’Farrell Products Regulations (CPR) 2011. The CPR make registration to the scheme mandatory of PTS Ltd. David set off by talking about aim to break down technical barriers to requirement on Clause 922 or Clause 918 the development of approval systems trade in construction products within the contracts. However, Howard stated that which have been necessary to enable the European Economic Area. These stipulate registration by contractors for the National specifi cation and use of products which that construction works must be fi t for their Highway SS13 remains a mandatory were not within a British Standard or other intended use and must have an economically requirement for RSTA membership because it recognised specifi cation. He said methods reasonable working life. CE marking is sets out minimum standards of training and of approval have always been required evidence of compliance and indicates that qualifi cations for the workforce and covers to satisfy purchasers of the suitability of a product is consistent with a declaration products or processes for the intended use. of performance (DoP) as made by the other treatments not covered by CE marking. Systems of approval have permitted the manufacturer. The requirements for the DoP Direct Labour Organisations(DLO) only need specifi cation and use of products outside the are given in the relevant product standard to worry about CE marking if they tender for scope of a standard which was particularly and are based on properties measured by work outside their authority boundary. If they the case for proprietary products. the Factory Production Control.

www.instituteofasphalt.org Asphalt Professional • September 2014 27 NATIONAL CONFERENCE

David also discussed Procurement regulations which are defi ned by the Public Procurement Directive 2004. At present public bodies must specify requirements in generic technical or performance terms and by reference to European standards. Any requirement that confl icts with the scope of CE marking cannot be included. Because of the requirements to permit alternatives in public sector contracts other approval schemes are permissible. The Highways Agency has carried out a series of reviews of the SHW to identify and resolve any confl icts with CPR. Changes to the approval system have been made available on the Technical Regulation Information Exhibitors area System. Approval of products and processes will be based on certifi cation against a crack, seat and overlay technique and a It was decided to use EME2 as the overlay product acceptance scheme operated by simplifi ed design method. On background binder course because it was workable, with a certifi cation body with suitable defi ned Michael explained the origins from the high stiffness and deformation resistance, competencies. 1970s when design was based on Road good fatigue properties, low in-situ air David identifi ed what the product acceptance Note 29 and a typical road pavement for voids and a good bond between the layers. should include and gave an example of 10 million standard axles (msa) was 110mm The existing crack, seat and overlay design a thin surface course system. Clause 942 of HRA on 190 mm lean mix of 14N/mm2 method was seen as too onerous and systems which include asphalt that can be strength. About 20-30% of the Scottish trunk required specialist expertise, a need for a CE marked will probably require installation road network was composite pavement. simplifi ed method was recognised. Transport by an organisation which operates a After some time pavements deteriorated Scotland produced their own Interim quality management system for installation by regular transverse cracks, the treatment Amendment No.44, aligned with UK practice, (NHSS16). In-service performance may be options varied from full reconstruction to which was FWD driven with a standardised assessed by System Installation Performance an overlay with grid reinforcement. overlay of 150mm or 170mm which included trial (SIPT) which would be monitored EME2, with design matrices. during installation and for a two year period Michael completed his presentation by thereafter. A report on visual condition and stating that twelve Scottish schemes have macrotexture measurements at the end of successfully been completed since 2006. A the trial would form the basis for approval; simplifi ed design method was introduced certifi cation would be valid for fi ve years. in 2013 to further encourage the use of the Products which currently have a HAPAS technique and Michael said that any feedback certifi cate are likely to be the subject of on guidance was most welcome. transitional arrangements. Certifi cation bodies will only be in a position to offer certifi cation St Andrews National once the revised SHW 900 series is published. Micheal McHale Conference was a packed David’s presentation gave a valuable insight In 2006 a trial was carried out on the A9 couple of days, full of into how the routes for approval have in Scotland and it was estimated that the informative presentations operated previously and how the latest original reconstruction scheme length could changes will affect the process in the near and great networking double for the same level of using by using future. opportunities crack and seat. A guillotine was used to The next paper was given by Michael induce cracks in the old pavement and the McHale: The Crack Seat and Overlay ‘seat’ was obtained by using a 20 tonne PTR Method Incorporating EME2. The scope was; roller. The whole process was validated by background to fl exible composite pavements, the falling weight defl ectometer (FWD).

28 Asphalt Professional • September 2014 www.instituteofasphalt.org NATIONAL CONFERENCE

A number of key objectives were set to meet the overall project requirements of completing the Central Scotland motorway network, upgrade the M8 and A8, improve the network and Raith junction. The project will signifi cantly reduce congestion in all areas in peak periods, reduce accidents and improve journey time reliability. There will also be a signifi cant community benefi ts with increased jobs and vocational training. Brett Archibald Brett then showed details of the advance The fi nal presentation was given by Brett works and discussed traffi c management Archibald of Transport Scotland on “M8, issues. The contract award was made in M73, M74 Motorway Improvement Lunch is served February 2014 and the new roads will be Project”. This was a very comprehensive open in 2017. The project is the largest presentation and covered all aspects NPD (Non Profi t Distributing) fi nanced from project development and design to contract to be awarded as part of the the fi nancing of the project and outlining Scottish Government £2.5 billion NPD model. what it will provide. Brett explained the The total length is 37kilometres with 70 location project by looking at certain parts structures, with the key challenges being identifi ed by the existing A8 corridor and the maintaining of 2 lanes in each direction the M8 Bailleston to Newhouse section. during construction, utilities and mine In the scheme design and development workings. Brett gave a very informative three options were considered and option presentation of this project from inception B was chosen because it made the best to award of the contract identifying all use of the A8 and previous land and road the major issues that have been faced by orders. It also provided good access to major Transport Scotland in the construction of corridor developments and had marginally this project. less impact on known or potential mining instability in the area. This preferred route President’s Dinner Menu President’s Dinner also scored well on environmental and operational assessments.

Brett showed the preferred route of the M8 and network improvements on the existing congested M74 junction at Raith. Some of the design issues considered were: utility diversions, shallow mine workings and traffi c management. Some of the ecological and environmental issues were hydrological around the North Calder, landscape and visual integration, noise and air quality and provision for pedestrians and cyclists. The preferred scheme at Raith was option D.

There are network improvements to the M8, M73 and M74 which take account of the network capacity issues which have occurred as a result of general traffi c growth. NATIONAL CONFERENCE

A huge thank you to all those who supported the IAT National Conference 2014 – we couldn’t have done it without you!

Andy Davies of Alad Ltd said ”We had a great exhibition and were showcasing the possibilities for companies to demonstrate their products/services at our forthcoming Seeing is Believing exhibition in November. Demonstrations will include live full speed braking on High Friction Surfaces v an Untreated Surface PLUS a full demonstration of how to put on/take off a lane closure with ZERO live lane crossings”

ALAD LTD: 6 Wealden Place, Bradbourne Vale Road, Sevenoaks, Kent TN13 3QQ T: 01732 459683 E: [email protected] W: www.sib.uk.net

Colas had a busy couple of days, as one of the main conference sponsors we were very pleased to see such a good turnout for the two days events. Contact me for more information on any of our Colas range of products.

COLAS LTD: Andrew Bird EVENT SPONSORS 7 Glenfi eld Road, East Kilbride G75 0RA Ammann T: 07919 128305 E: [email protected] W: www.colas.co.uk Colas Highways Magazine Grontmij Staff found the conference a useful in terms of catching up with industry colleagues at the exhibition and Bardon Asphalt during the overall events. The access to the stands and Breedon Aggregates the conference presentations and the follow up discussions gave access to useful Nynas background information. SIBUR GRONTMIJ: Malcolm Durie Aeschlimann Spectrum House, 2 Powderhall Road, Edinburgh, EH7 4GB T: +44 131 550 6434 E: [email protected] W: www.grontmij.co.uk TRADE STANDS Ammann The conference was a valuable opportunity for a face-to-face Colas discussion with our customers on how our new range of Ultimate asphalts can help them tackle the daily challenges Highways Magazine they face. The welcome feedback and insight gained by our technical team will help University of Derby us ensure that future product developments are aligned with our customers’ needs Rettenmaier UK and keep us at the forefront of developments in the industry. IKO PLC Tensar International Limited LAFARGE: Portland House, Bickenhill Lane, Solihull, Birmingham, Jet Materials Ltd West Midlands B37 7BQ www.lafargetarmac.com Barr Quarries Limited Total Bitumen were proud to support the IAT’s annual conference SITECH once again. The event brings together the industry under one roof JCB with the common goal of sharing best practice. This year Dr. Jung & Partner AG/Lastrada was particularly enjoyable in a spectacular location. Findlay Irvine Ltd Total Bitumen TOTAL BITUMEN: Richard Ashton Stabilised Pavements Limited Lanfi na House, Chain Caul Way, Riversway, Preston PR2 2TZ Lafarge Tarmac T: 01772 729302 E: [email protected] W: www.bitumen.total.co.uk Asphalt Reinforcement Services ABG Limited Excellent conference, good opportunity to exhibit Testconsult Limited as well as attending the programmes taking place Grontmij over the two days. Vulcan Burners VULCAN BURNERS: Unit 3B, 1-6 Loves Hill, Castledawson, BT45 8DP T: 0845 519 3033 E: [email protected] W: www.burnerservices.net/products/vulcan-burners IAT GOLDEN AWARDS

THE IAT GOLDEN AWARDS

Calling all Final Year Students! It is very important that as an Institute we should grow with the infl ux of our young engineers, technicians and asphalt technologists. In order to achieve success in this endeavour, the IAT Council is pleased to announce 2 annual awards for the best dissertations by fi nal year students at Universities and Colleges, as part of their studies for their degrees. The prizes will be awarded as follows:

The IAT Golden Branch Award £500 The IAT Golden Presidential Award £1000

The Golden Awards are part of the celebration of the 50th Anniversary of the founding of the IAT.

The awards will be based on dissertations which deal with Pavement Engineering including, but not limited to construction methods, materials, surfacing techniques, pavement construction, pavement maintenance, test methods, pavement design and analysis of social/environmental considerations etc.

The IAT Golden Branch Award This award will be presented for the best dissertation prepared by fi nal year students at Universities and Colleges in the catchment areas of each IAT branch. Each participating University/College will nominate their best dissertation for fi nal selection at branch level. The selection of prize winners for this award will be carried out by at least 3 IAT personnel, 2 of whom from the branch and a third, the Promotions Committee contact. There will 9 IAT Golden Branch Award winners if all branches participate. The writer of the winning dissertation from each branch will receive a prize of £500 and will be presented with an IAT Golden Branch Award.

The IAT Golden Presidential Award The winners of the IAT Golden Branch Awards above will then compete for The IAT Golden Presidential Award. Each prize winner from participating branches will be invited to prepare a 1500 word summary of their dissertation for consideration for a second prize. The value of this prize is £1000. The selection of the prize winner for this award will be carried out by IAT Council.

The prize winners for both awards will be invited to make presentations to branch technical meetings, IAT Conference and to publish their work in the Asphalt Professional and or The IAT Yearbook.

Further information is available on the IAT website. To enter please see your Head of department and complete the application form at www.instituteofasphalt.org

www.instituteofasphalt.org Asphalt Professional • September 2014 31 TECHNICAL PAPER

Benninghoven’s Next Generation Recycling

Benninghoven’s Ralf Port talks about the German fi rm’s development with partner BAM of its advanced counterfl ow parallel drum system for RAP material.

Ralf Port Sales and Marketing Manager

The asphalt industry is constantly searching In the mid-1980s, the technique of indirectly is restricted to a maximum temperature for new solutions in order to optimise heating the RAP utilising a hot gas generator of 450°C. The calculation was based upon processes within the workings of asphalt was introduced, but not perfected - unlike the following formula: mUL=mHG*(cpHG*THG- plants. A major aim is to increase the RAP this new system. For Benninghoven’s cpGes*TGes)/(cpGes*TGes-cpUl*TUl). content in all recipes. technical development team, the biggest challenge was to confi gure the fan Parameters: Recycling parallel drum systems work arrangements for recirculation and exhaust Recirculation Air: 55.000kg/h result in various sizes and at various power conditions based on theoretical values. in 110°C: levels. This process has been developed 64.000Bm³/h and adapted by a number of different Out of this the following values were manufacturers over many years. However, estimated: Hot Gas Amount: 21.500kg/h all methods to date for heating up RAP 1. Heat Demand: • Based on a confi guration Total Amount: 76.500kg/h result material in the parallel fl ow system have of 180t/h capacity of 3% moisture, in 650°C: their limitations. a temperature increase by 150K, on 154.000Bm³/h The physical properties of the parallel fl ow exhaust gas temperature of 110°C the Exhaust Gas Value: result in 110°C: drum system have come with some less heat demand is:11.800kW (including 54.000Bm³/h positive characteristics, such as high exhaust losses) gas temperatures to reach the RAP material Fan Rating Circulation: 70.000Bm³/h (110°C) 2. Exhaust Gas Volume:• At 110°C the product temperature, and higher emission volume for the drying-heating process Fan Rating Exhaust: 70.000Bm³/h (110°C) levels. This led Benninghoven into a new results in 54.000Bm³/h development with our long-term partner Based on these calculated theoretical BAM (Bavarian Asphalt Plant Works) to fi nd Utilising the hot gas generator system values, the system was technically a different way forward for this technology. a constant capacity of 11.800kW has to confi gured. Some specifi c factors were also be generated. By adjusting the burner taken into consideration. The real challenge The development teams confi guration (type “EO-JET 3-2 Coal/ for the development team was how to from BAM and Benninghoven Diesel Inverter”) the applicable air and handle the fi ne particles in the exhaust were delighted that the fuel streams have been set. At a fl ame gases. A simple and ingenious solution was temperature of 1.200°C with applicable air found by allowing the dirt gases to fi rst estimated values were over ratio result in 89.700m³ hot gas/h. reach a generously sized expansion chamber exceeded The density of the hot gas at 1.200°C is where the air speed is reduced. The particles 0.24kg/dm³. Hot air entering the RAP drum then fall into a collection hopper and are

32 Asphalt Professional • September 2014 www.instituteofasphalt.org TECHNICAL PAPER

transferred by a screw conveyor into the hot with the result that the plant performed to Our partner BAM is fully satisfi ed with this recycling buffer silo. 100% of the specifi cation. new technology, and we are pleased that we were selected for this project. We, as a In late spring time 2013, the plant began Looking at the computer monitor screen, it company, are certain that this counterfl ow its trial operation. The development shows a fi lter exhaust gas temperature of parallel drum system will fully change the teams from BAM and Benninghoven were 90°C and a recycling product temperature of market outlook on the processing of RAP delighted that the estimated values were 172°C. The total value had been constantly materials in the future. exceeded. During the testing phase the recorded to be below 50mg, therefore these system was closely monitored, emission values are well below the applicable norm tests were taken, samples were analysed, of Germany’s TA-Air. After one season of with recipes created and modifi ed successful operation, small modifi cations BENNINGHOVEN accordingly, and processes were optimized, were made to further optimise the system. www.benninghoven.com

National Conference 2015 – ‘Delivering Excellence’

The Pennines Branch is delighted to be hosting the 2015 National Conference, which will be held at the DeVere, Oulton Hall on 17-18 June 2015. Oulton Hall is a stunning location with excellent travel connections, being literally minutes from the main motorway network. The conference will, as ever, be preceded by the President’s Golf Day, which will be held on the Calverley Course at the Hotel and the President’s Dinner.

The theme of next year’s conference is out more details as the year progresses, “Delivering Excellence” and we will be so keep watching the twitter feed, linkedIn aiming to showcase all of the things our group and facebook pages. Look out for the industry is good at with a mix of case hashtag #asphalt2015 on twitter for the studies and thought-provoking lectures on most up to date conference information. subjects including safety, training, asphalt If anyone would like to join the organising mixing & paving, sustainability, recycling and best practice. committee, please contact Ian Lancaster [email protected] Planning is well underway and we’re hoping to deliver an excellent conference So, get the date in your diary now experience for everyone. We’ll be giving and we’ll see you there! 17–18 June 2015

www.instituteofasphalt.org Asphalt Professional • September 2014 33 COMMITTEE REPORT

Report on the activities of B/510/1 Asphalt Products, TC227/WG1/TG3 Asphalt Product Standards and TC227/WG1 Bituminous Mixtures

B510/1 – Sub-Committee Working 3) Cl 5.3.2.5 - Noted that Water Sensitivity industry data. References to BS 598 WT Group meetings - The Working Group set test data is required to enable the EN testing removed. up to progress the amendments of PD 6691 test to be included with appropriate 14) C.2.8.2 Chippings – ADEPT to review and BS 594987 is making steady progress categories. latest views on the use and retention of as follows: 4) All references to macadams and Precoated Chippings in the surface and BS 594987 historical references to BS 4987 therefore possibly the FI20 requirement Amend clause E.3.1 “Take the cores in and BS 594 removed. for Precoated Chippings. accordance with BS EN 12697-27, not 5) Improved clarity of product designation TC227/WG1/TG3 and TC227/WG1. sooner than 12 h after the end of the laying descriptor “rec”. A number of changes have been made process and when the asphalt has cooled to to the exemplar EN 13108-1 standard ambient temperature” to “Take the cores in 6) Specifi c references to BBA/HAPAS following the TC227/WG1 meeting on accordance with BS EN 12697-27, not sooner scheme removed. 30th April 2014. than 12 h after the end of the laying process 7) Cl 9.1 SMA – general section content to and/or when the asphalt has cooled to Against the UK wishes, TC227/WG1 be reviewed and option for resistance ambient temperature? supported the TG3 Convener’s proposal for to Deformation testing on laboratory the inclusion of the Friction after Polishing The 12 hours can be contractually restrictive prepared specimens included in Table test to be introduced into the mandatory in the colder winter months and in the 4 for SMA Surface Courses. body of the standards which therefore leads hottest summer weather more than 12 8) The deletion of the requirement for to the potential selection and CE marking hours may be required. binder drainage testing of SMA mixtures of this property. No changes were made to the proposed to be confi rmed. The statement that deferred bitumens were Bond coat spread rates of 0.2 kg/m2 and 9) Cl B.2.3 – Fluxed mixtures – guidance not included in the scope of EN 13108-1 0.35 kg/m2 for freshly laid and milled given on proportions of fl ux oil added which would have led to the exclusion of surfaces respectively, however there are now to be reviewed or deleted. UK fl uxed mixtures has now been removed two levels of spread rates for Tack Coats to at the UK’s request. refl ect freshly laid and milled surfaces these 10) Cl B.2.4.3 Aggregates for BBA being 0.15 kg/m2 which has been added mixtures – BBA (Béton Bitumineux pour Wording associated with the use of declared and 0.2 kg/m2 as previously included. chaussées Aéronautique) mixtures have values which was included for a number of been added to Annex B with example the performance tests has been removed PD 6691 mixture specifi cation detail included. with the following text inserted into the The principle objective for PD6691 AVCP section which removes the ability amendment is to make it CPR compliant 11) Table B.5 AC Wheel Tracking – for a declared value to be specifi ed albeit and to identify other appropriate changes categories used in the table to be it can be provided in the product type to refl ect current UK best practice. reviewed after examination of recent determination (Type Test) report: ‘The industry data. References to BS 598 WT 1) Cl 3.4 - For Reclaimed asphalt the result of the product type determination testing removed. section will be reviewed to align it to will be expressed as a numerical value. SHW Cl 902 in particular considering the 12) C.2.3.4 Reclaimed Asphalt in HRA The numerical value may be presented as trigger % addition for additional testing. – clause to be reviewed following a category as given in the standard, a class concerns expressed over the use of or a value declared by the manufacturer. 2) Cl 3.4.3 - Recovered Pen and Softening RA in HRA mixtures. A class is a range of levels delimited by point data to be obtained for plant RAP a minimum and a maximum value’. to determine the necessity for both to 13) Table C.5 HRA Wheel Tracking - be required to properly evaluate binder categories used in the table to be condition. reviewed after examination of recent John B-Bullock - 20th June 2014.

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Eurovia | T: 01992 784100 E: [email protected] | W: www.eurovia.co.uk Asphalt Professional • September 2014 35 STANDARDS UPDATE

Asphalt Standards Update Report by Cliff Nicholls

In the last few months, a series of standardisation meetings have been held. These meetings were: 17/03/14 BSI B/510/1 Asphalt products 24 & 25/03/14 CEN TC227/WG1/TG2 Asphalt test methods 31/03/14 BSI B/510 Road materials 28 & 29/04/14 CEN TC227/WG1 Bituminous mixtures The principle outcomes from these meetings with regard to asphalt standards are given below.

1 Road map for lower bitumen (i.e. not emulsifi ed) once the changes are not incorporated into the temperature asphalts associated standards have been updated current revision of the EN 13108 and the A Road Map for incorporating lower appropriately. next revision of EN 13108 will be completed temperature asphalts within the EN 13108 before 2025. The draft product standard for emulsion- series (Figure 1) was accepted by WG1. based asphalts will need to be 2 Asphalt specifi cations The road map is needed because EN 13108 completed. The various parts of EN 13108 were was originally drafted with hot mix asphalt published in 2006 and so are now in their (HMA) in mind, HMA being the predominant The conformity assessment standards fi rst 5-year review. Proposals for each of material at the time and all asphalt was will need to have additional them were issued for CEN Enquiry and assumed to be HMA. Since that time, warm requirements or Annexes for emulsion- extensive technical and editorial comments mix asphalt, half-warm mix asphalt and cold based asphalts. were received. The parts issued included mix asphalt products have been developed The test methods will be retitles a new part, prEN 13108-9, for asphalt for and placed on the market. The status of “Bituminous mixtures – Test Methods ultra-thin layers (Safepave). The comments such mixtures was uncertain because the – Part …” and the scope refi ned, received are now being reviewed in order standards (other than the test methods, when necessary, with regard to the to prepare revised drafts for formal vote, which have “test methods for hot mix temperature categories to which they when only editorial comments are accepted asphalt” in their title) do not state whether apply. so any technical disagreements can only be or not they are included. The one explicit registered by voting against acceptance if requirement in EN 13108 parts that would Additional test method standards the issue is considered important enough. have excluded such lower temperature to be produced to cover the sample asphalts was for minimum temperature, but preparation and curing procedures The actions proposed for the comments on that was removed in the 2008 amendments required for lower temperature asphalts. EN 13108-1 were reviewed in detail at the to the EN 13108 parts. WG1 meeting as a template for major issues Additional test method standards to be that are repeated for the other material The roadmap implies that: produced to cover properties relevant specifi cation parts. EN 13108-1 had been only for lower temperature asphalts. The current asphalt product standards the part with the most changes because will cover the relevant type of mixture The time scale for the completion of the the separation between the empirical and at all standards when using hot road is extended because the necessary fundamental approaches had been removed in the CEN Enquiry draft. Nevertheless, it was agreed that the current draft, even with the agreed changes, was still at the work in progress stage.

The revised draft incorporating the comments had moved the sentence “Mixtures utilizing cutback bitumen or bitumen emulsion and bituminous materials based on in situ recycling are not covered by this standard” from the foreword to the scope. This move would change it from Figure 1: CEN asphalt “Roadmap” informative to normative and was disputed

36 Asphalt Professional • September 2013 www.instituteofasphalt.org STANDARDS UPDATE

by the UK delegation. It was agreed that were also reviewed but there was less the rotating surface abrasion test (RSAT) mixtures utilizing cutback bitumen would contentious issues. These drafts, together and the triboroute device (TRD). These be removed from the exclusion but that with that for EN 13108-8, Reclaimed are relative expensive and it is hoped to mixtures based on bitumen emulsion would asphalt, will be revised and new version select the “best” alternative before it is be not because a draft part explicitly for would be available for formal comments turned into a full European Norm. Ideally, a such mixtures had been started. resolution at the autumn meeting of WG1. simpler alternative, such as the high-friction scuffing test in TRL 179, will be found, but Several new test methods had allowed 4 Asphalt test methods a quantitative criterion will need to be new properties to be added the list of Several test methods are going through included and, with the TRL 179 test, the what can be specified. These properties 5-year reviews. EN 12697-2 (Determination only one currently is mass loss which would are fracture toughness to EN 12697-44, of particle size distribution), EN 12697-4 generally be a very small proportion that mixture saturation ageing tensile stiffness (Bitumen recovery: Fractionating column) could be corrupted by rubber lost from the conditioning to EN 12697-45 and low and EN 12697-10 (Compactibility) have only tyre being lost in the macro-texture of the temperature properties to EN 12697-46. minor editorial changes and will be sent specimen. The fiction after polishing (FAP) test to EN out under the Unique Acceptance Produce, 12697-49 had been in an informative annex under which no technical changes will be A second test method sent forward to in the CEN Enquiry draft but it was accepted accepted. become a Technical Specification was the FAP test should be included in the main FrpCEN/TS 12697-51, Surface shear strength EN 12697-8 (Determination of void body of the revised standards, despite test. This test is similar to the torque bond characteristics of bituminous specimens), opposition from the UK on the grounds that test that is part of EN 12697-48, Interlayer EN 12697-27 (Sampling), EN 12697- it was not timely. The reason for its inclusion Bonding, but without a core cut before 31 (Specimen preparation by gyratory was that, whilst it would not be taken up testing so that the result is combination of compactor) and EN 12697-35 (Laboratory immediately, its inclusion would allow its bond strength and shear stress around the mixing) were considered to contain implementation before the next review of circumference. The test had been requested technical changes or were potentially more the standards. controversial and so are to be sent out by the Ad hoc Airfields group. A questionnaire on recycling and lower for CEN Enquiry. In particular, EN 12697-8 Two other new test methods produced temperature asphalts had been circulated to contains explicit requirements for when by TG2 were held over to the autumn WG1 and EAPA members, with the results additives are included, EN 12697-27 has meeting of WG1 before sending to CEN demonstrating that different countries have reduced sample sizes, EN 12697-31 has Enquiry. These tests are prEN 12697-52 different approaches (some more cautious always being contentious in terms of the (Conditioning to address oxidative ageing) than others), and it was agreed that the alternative calibration procedures and EN and prEN 12697-53 (Cohesion increase approach does not need to be harmonised. 12697-35 contains mixing procedure for by spreadability-meter method). prEN The Ad Hoc Airfield Group had made a lower temperature mixtures. 12697-52 covers two methods for ageing request for a requirement of zero reclaimed The comments have been received on uncompacted mixtures (short-term and asphalt for airfields, but it was not accepted the CEN Enquiries for EN 12697-22 (Wheel long-term ageing) and two methods for although it was agreed that there needed tracking), EN 12697-25 (Cyclic compression ageing compacted mixtures (Conditioning to be a clear opportunity for any specifier test) and EN 12697-33 (Specimen with ambient air and conditioning under to require zero reclaimed asphalt. preparation by roller compactor). The forced flow with gaseous oxidant). prEN It is expected that revised versions of all comments had not all been reviewed and 12697-53 is the first test explicitly for clod the product specifications parts would be it was agreed that new versions will be mix asphalt and is based on the Nynas available for formal comments resolution at available for comments resolution at the workability test. autumn meeting of WG1. the autumn meeting of WG1. The drafts will 5 Binder specifications then go to TC227 before being translated A new test for resistance to scuffing, The bitumen standards EN 12591, Paving into French and German to be issued for FrpCEN/TS 12697-50, has agreed to go grade bitumen, and EN 14023, Polymer- formal vote. Therefore, the revisions will not forward to become a Technical Specification, modified bitumen, are to be reviewed if be available until late 2016 or early 2017. equivalent to a BSI Draft for Development. only to make them CPR compliant. prEN 3 Asphalt quality standards The test method incorporates four different 13924-1, Hard paving grade bitumen, and The comments received on the quality alternative specialty pieces of equipment, prEN 13924-2, Multigrade bitumen, will be standards (EN 13108-20, Type Testing, and the Aachener ravelling tester (ARTe), formalised soon. There were various binder EN 13108-21, Factory Production Control) the Darmstadt scuffing device (DSD), test methods being developed and updated. www.instituteofasphalt.org Asphalt Professional • September 2014 37 COMMITTEE REPORT

Notes on B510/2 Surface Treatments

The BSI committee considers the test spread test in EN 12272 and to include tests and avoid the confl ict of Product Standards methods and procedures underpinning for bond coats. requirements with National Regulations for the specifi cation and use of Surface Safety and Noise saving considerable cost. prEN 12687-48 considers Bond Tests Treatments. It was primarily involved Skid resistance tests have been retained methods e.g. Tensile adhesion, Torque with Surface Dressing and Slurry Surfacing for airfi eld slurry surfacing as this is an Bond and a modifi ed Leutner shear test; European Standards but is now turning ICAO requirement. Although there is no prTS 12697-51 Surface Shear Strength test its attention to BS 434 - 434 -2 which internationally specifi ed test method, the UK considers measurements that can be used currently cih covers some proprietary uses for Microsurfacing and thin asphalt surface Griptester is one of the most commonly used. of emulsion, e.g. spray injection patching. courses for Airfi elds. Members should be Members are reminded that BS EN 13808 for It is proposed to rewrite this document to aware that the term Bond Coat specifi cally Cationic Emulsions was republished in 2013 complement existing and proposed RSTA/ refers to a Polymer Modifi ed bituminous with the classes for Vialit Cohesion reversed ADEPT guidance documents for the range binder, not to a K1-70 emulsion or 200pen compared to EN 13808:2005. It has not for surface treatments covered by them. paving grade bitumen used in geosynthetic yet been formally published in the OJEU so Possible processes include deep and shallow applications, where it is used to saturate the there is currently a period when CE marking recycling( retread), PCSM, Thermal Patching, fabric as an interlayer. may be problem. Most emulsion suppliers are quoting a value as well as a Class to preservatives and coloured surfacing all of All work relating to EN standards is carried prevent confusion. TAITs for Surface Dressing which can use bitumen emulsion. out under the authority of a Mandate (in in accordance with BS EN 12271 refer to A 5-year revision of PD 6689:2009 Surface this case Mandate 124) issued by the the previous standard Table 4 as does the treatments – Guidance on the use of Commission. The Answer to the Mandate current version of PD 6689. BS EN 12271 and BS EN 12273 is being for Surface Dressing and Slurry surfacing has embarked upon to include photographs been proposed by the convenor of WG2 to The role of multiple surface dressing and clarifi cation in connection with TAITs be amended by a) removing the need for systems currently incorporated within to help determine acceptability. EN 12271, a dynamic skid resistance test; this will be the SHW via clause 942 was discussed. EN 12273 for products and EN 12272 covered by macrotexture and Polished Stone This clause is currently under review and (test methods) are also due for 5 year value [PSV]and b) by removing the need for discussions are on-going with the Highways review; RSTA members and others have a noise measurement by Statistical By-pass; Agency. made detailed comments to improve both this will use macrotexture as a surrogate. practicality and precision of the rate of This will simplify TAIT approval testing Ian Walsh - 30th June 2014

Asphalt Professional - Future Themes Your editorial team have been hard at work composing a forward progamme of issues. This is to allow contributors and advertisers to plan their own forward plan as well as ensuring we get the content in time to create the publication. We are really excited about our plans! AsPro 62 - November 2014 - Recycling – A focus on everything everything concerning asphalt recycling. We would like to include information on RAP, new innovations and products and any case studies concerning recycling AsPro 63 - February 2015 - Winter Maintenance – A focus on Winter Maintenance issues. We would also like to include case studies of winter maintenance provision AsPro 64 - April 2015 - Revisions to Asphalt Standards – This issue will be full of information relating to the changes to European asphalt specifi cations, changes to the European asphalt quality standards and new European asphalt test methods AsPro 65 - September 2015 - Asphalt Components – Three sections, one for each component of asphalt - bitumen, aggregate, and fi ller AsPro 66 - November 2015 - Asphalt People – A focus on the people that make our industry great - plant operator, transport logistics, paver operator, supervisor, screwmen etc etc If you know of anyone who would like to contribute to this issue with a ‘Day in the Life’ report, please get in touch - this issue will be all about the real people behind our asphalt industry. ADVERT Europe’s only event for INDOOR showcasing of highway products as well as OUTDOOR DEMONSTRATIONS AND testing in all lighting conditions

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CONTENT PARTNERS ORGANISED BY VENUE *Please note diary is for illustration purposes only – the full agenda for both Wednesday 19 and Thursday 20 November www.instituteofasphalt.org Asphalt Professionalwill be confi rmed • September closer to the2014 event 39 ASPHLAT EXCHANGE

Asphalt Exchange Report by Ian Lancaster, our new Social Media Committee Chairman Social Media Update LinkedIn The IAT is active on three separate social media platforms which we use to different Our LinkedIn group continues to grow extents to engage, broadcast and inform. and now has over 2500 members with Twitter new requests to join coming on a daily After a considerable increase in activity we have increased our follower base to 250 over basis. There are a wide range of topics the last few months. However, given that the membership of the institute is almost 4 times being discussed, some of which generate this number, there is still work to do to increase our visibility. Twitter is generally used passionate, even heated, debate. The to provide instantaneous information about branch meetings & events and to point our discussion on how to “cure” potholes followers to interesting news articles. Our most successful periods on Twitter have coincided recently generated hundreds of responses. with major events such as the National Conference, Hillhead and JMU. For the last 2 years We do have to be careful when moderating we’ve been live tweeting from these events. the discussions and will not approve anything which appears to be commercial or advertorial in nature nor any political statements.

Among the topics for discussion at the moment are: asphalt plant and production; National Conference 2014; rheology and common failure mechanisms.

Twitter feed views

Facebook We’ve debated the relevance of the Facebook page within the IAT’s social media committee and concluded that it is probably worth having. Less instantaneous than Twitter, we use Facebook to post photos and further publicise branch and national events. Activity again mirrors the “big” events. Facebook activity (likes, comments etc) rose sharply during the National Conference this year and also at Hillhead.

Facebook activity

40 Asphalt Professional • September 2014 www.instituteofasphalt.org AD

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www.instituteofasphalt.org Asphalt Professional • September 2014 41 ASPHALT EXCHANGE

Letters to the Editor

Dear Editor, Dear Editor, In binder course and base layers on HA’s stiff, designed pavements these might In response to Jeff Farrington’s letter in I am pleased to see TRL’s response to my cause fewer problems than on the very the April edition of Asphalt Professional, letter and its strong agreement that the many, relatively highly flexible, evolved I would like to strongly agree with him binder in reclaimed asphalt (RA) is not pavements which form the bulk of all local that the binder in reclaimed asphalt is necessarily totally active. I had indeed authority networks, and I fear that without overlooked this detail in RN43 and am not necessarily totally active. However, some confidence building research we could indebted to TRL for drawing it to my he is wrong to state that this aspect be heading for another 15pen HD type is not covered in Road Note 43, Best attention. scenario of failures, especially with the practice guide for recycling into surface RN43 is primarily concerned with the drive to use 50% and greater RA in asphalts. course, ignores the issue. In Figure 2.1 affect on skid resistance of adding RA to of the design section, the second option With UK asphalt production new asphalts, and especially BBA/HAPAS in the decision tree is “which recovered surface course mixtures. The assumptions in having been so pitifully binder penetration category?” with Figure 2.2 which deal with the RA bitumen low in recent years, it three options: activity have been questioned by those with is understandable that Recovered penetration < 15 pen, stronger bitumen credentials than me but initial estimate 0% active even I think a graphical guide to the binder the Industry’s biggest Recovered penetration between 15 activity would have avoided the step change sustainability priority and 30 pen, initial estimate 25% active of “25% activity” between 15 pen and 16 has been simply to survive Recovered penetration > 30 pen, pen. However, the method does require the If the Chancellor’s much promised surge initial estimate 75% active. Softening Point (SP) of the blended binder in highway investment actually does in the final mix to be checked despite there I would suggest that these estimates materialise, it is hoped that HA will at being no Specification for Highway Works are, if anything, somewhat conservative. last re-introduce SP controls, as in France, (SHW) requirement, because the authors Furthermore they are the suggested Germany etc. The harder RA feedstocks can realised the importance of ensuring the starting point for initial mix designs and not then be phased out of asphalt production binder’s penetration index is low enough definitive values. A simple binder drainage and instead used in foamed asphalts and to ensure the asphalt made with the RA test is used to determine if the % active has hydraulic mixtures. The asphalts with the inclusion is not brittle. been underestimated or not, as indicated in softer RAs will possibly cost a little more, but their greater durability should make Figure 2.2 of Road Note 43. This contradicts The RN43 design method is certainly a start them relatively risk free and so better value. Jeff’s assertion that RN43 “assumes all the but I understand it is little used since it is old bitumen on the RAP is “active” and if relatively complex. Instead, at least for non- Given HA’s soon demise into a pseudo- the binder contents of the RAP and the new proprietary asphalts, the Industry continues private organisation, they might also asphalt are the same, then the proportion to blend the virgin and RA recovered advantageously use their last few weeks of “active” binder coming from the RAP is bitumens using the BS EN 13108-1 method pressing the Department of Transport to the proportion of RAP in the new mix”. Jeff but with no control of the RA binder SP. fund some early, accelerated full scale cannot have read the document carefully trials to provide much needed confidence With UK asphalt production having been enough. in the performance and durability of larger so pitifully low in recent years, it is RA contents in new asphalts relative to understandable that the Industry’s biggest I would suggest that these asphalts produced with virgin bitumen, sustainability priority has been simply on both designed and evolved pavements. estimates are, if anything, to survive. They can therefore hardly be In this way we could use RA inclusive somewhat conservative blamed for using virtually any RA with a asphalt with far more confidence and in pen greater than 15, however unsuitable it turn, far more RAP, which would be in Note that Road Note 42, Best Practice Guide might have been, especially since HA have everyone’s interests. for recycling into Asphalt Surface Course is been, and still are, happy to accept it. (Local free to download from the TRL website. Authorities have Hobson’s choice since HA Yours sincerely, Ian Carswell - TRL produce the SHW which every LA uses). Jeff Farrington

42 Asphalt Professional • September 2014 www.instituteofasphalt.org ASPHALT EXCHANGE

Dear Editor, I will also mention that when looking at These are even being considered for SMA rejuvenators – it is very important that a surface courses! When a bitumen ages on an aggregate correct balance of molecular weight oils particle then a few things happen. Several major research efforts are is used. This can be assessed by running Some lighter components are lost into underway. Prof. Jo Daniels at the University distillation curves – it is important that light the rock via absorption – you can often of New Hampshire and Dr. Tom Bennert at ends are not introduced as these can result Rutgers are both doing some interesting see a little staining on the edge of in a reduction of the flash point. The oil work. As these become available I will a cut core – more evident on lighter used, to be effective, has to have a range send you reports or links to them via colored limestone – staining of the ␻ of properties that ensures that R and c the IAT LinkedIn site or direct to you. light components into particles. This move the correct way when used. material is lost and cannot be reclaimed Best wishes and greeting to all my friends as functional binder. The rest of the You should note that the R-value relates to in the industry in the UK. binder sees aging, which is mainly due the useful temperature range of a binder Geoff Rowe to oxidation reactions. Oxidation changes – this can be represented by a parameter the chemical components in the bitumen such as Pen and SP in a PI index or some and affects the rheology. The information other measure. In the UK system which in publications like the Shell Bitumen relies on control of rheology via the old Handbook shows some of the typical tests you absolutely need a control for the temperature susceptibility otherwise you changes on chemistry – although we have run the risk of incorporating binders that are much more detailed information in more more oxidized and problematic in cracking. recent publications. With regard to the attributes – of course Figure 1 – In a master curve of frequency Plants as large as 700 tons/ versus phase angle – the R-value and cross over we see changes to PEN and SP values – but hour are being commissioned frequency can be easily deduced. The R-value these are rather crude parameters. My view is the log of the glassy modulus (typically 1e9 is that it is better to look at parameters in various parts of the USA Pa) minus the G* at a phase angle of 45º. The such as the rheological index (R-value) and – mainly close to big cities cross over frequency is the frequency at which the phase angle is 45º. The cross-over frequency the cross-over frequency (␻ ) in a master c where large volumes of RAP changes with reference temperature – typically I curve (see Figure 1). If we track how these exist with about 70 to 80% use 25ºC – but other reference temperatures can change as a material ages we note that be used. R-value increases and cross-over frequency RAP in the mixes. reduces. Both parameters are important. Plants require some special considerations You should note that the cross-over when high RAP is used. If a flame is frequency is similar to the VET temperature applied direct to the RAP then black smoke – but in the frequency domain rather the can result with some environmental temperature domain. Inter-relationships that consequences. RAP fines must be heated exist between temperature and frequency indirectly. Some of the coarse fractions can can easily explain the concept of the VET have direct heat. We use the term FRAP parameter (Rowe, 2014). in the USA –fractionated reclaimed asphalt ␻ pavement – and split the RAP into several Going back to the R vs c that we are looking at in the USA – the aging results in sizes. Often high RAP (or FRAP) plants have movement when we plot these parameters two drums! One for heating part of the Figure 2 – Plot of cross over frequency vs. R-value on a graph! Rejuvenation must restore these RAP (fines) with gases! Plants as large as – test results with (B) and (T) represent binder back to the original values (or close). This 700 tons/hour are being commissioned in recoveries from the top and bottom of cores laid tool also gives us a method of looking at a various parts of the USA – mainly close to at Newark airport and show the difference in aging with depth. The circular data points show rejuvenator and judging its effectiveness big cities where large volumes of RAP exist the result of a HyRap product (green points) (see Figure 2). with about 70 to 80% RAP in the mixes. compared to a control mix used (purple points).

www.instituteofasphalt.org Asphalt Professional • September 2014 43 ASPHALT PEOPLE

to return I rejoined and stayed until the ARC recognise my managerial responsibilities for Frank Midwinter business had been acquired by HANSON. I H&S to our staff and stake holders. Although had become established in the commercial I stopped more contract activity on Safety team which appeared to be my forte under grounds as an Estimator at Hanson than I C Turner (long serving offi cer of the Western have in this role. Branch) where I had enjoyed much technical What are your greatest guidance and risk assessment through achievements? engagement with J M Bradshaw-Bullock I think the promoting of education in our (President 2001). But in late 1992 I joined staff and watching individuals excel and gain RMC Surfacing, now Cemex Paving Solutions appropriate recognition within our Industry. Ltd. My commercial achievements were many What do you do now? across the breadth of Southern England but I have been a part time resident in South yester year, but the lasting contribution these Wales for almost 5 years as the Area educated individuals will make is in the Frank Midwinter Manager for operational activities within future. I watch from afar with pride in their Area Sales Manager CEMEX Paving Solutions having returned achievements and remember my mentors to my early role and dreams I have much with fond memories and appreciation. As appreciated the opportunity to express Born 1995 I head sharply towards my 60’s outside myself within this management role and of work perhaps winning a hedgelaying Education Frome Grammar School deliver a safety conscious, profi table and competition with bill hook and axe or Bristol College/Polytechnic highly regarded operational business within climbing Ben Nevis roped up with crampon DMHIE – IoQ Daps the Highway Maintenance Sector with a and ice axe in winter provide wonderful Work for Cemex Paving Solutions fantastic group of willing suppliers and memories and sense of achievement. Since 1992 operational staff. Is there an interesting fact about Job Title Area Manager Wales What does a typical day look like? you that isn’t widely known? IAT Role Member (past secretary A typical day has been very much taking I have an identical twin brother who of the Western Branch) a critical view of technical and operational many in the industry have met in unusual aspects of a typical Surfacing / Highway circumstances. maintenance contractor with a priority on the What sort of person are you? Safety of our operatives and partners. There Would you recommend your job I am team player and very much a hands on are regular site visits in support of the staff to anyone else? deliverer as perhaps my current hobbies of with perhaps a few H&S discussions along Yes absolutely as it has been a most Dry Stone Walling and Hedgelaying might the way. Not top of my list is the opening rewarding 40 years, I have a few battle indicate. But I very much believe in strong of the email box but it is just one of those scars but thankfully all have healed with leadership and Walking a Mile in your jobs you do not want to do when you are no open wounds. Employees Shoes, and then in a supporting a personable individual where questioning role, to be visible, to engage with all stake through dialogue is your skill. Call me old If you could improve the IAT for holders, the client, partners and operational fashioned maybe but change, sometimes members, what would you do? staff at all levels. called progress is something I have had to I would seek the support once again of How did you get into the industry? deal with throughout my working life but the senior industry representatives, we I was invited by my school tutor in the spring what has really changed? require our leaders to promote membership, of ’73 to visit Amey Construction at their local attendance and engagement with the What’s the best thing about it? depot at Garston Road, Frome (this I believe benefi ts of lifelong learning. I have always As a Welshman working in Wales of was the former Roads Reconstruction Ltd believed in membership of the Institute course but no doubt the variety and the job depot) where I was asked if I would through which as a member for over 30 years satisfaction in delivering a good job especially like a job as a Trainee Paving Supervisor. I have retained friendship, understanding when there is a ‘Diolch yn Fawr’. I entered the industry by being placed in a of the various initiatives through technical Surfacing gang with men who had operated What’s the worst thing about it? debates and interaction with suppliers, Barber-Greene1. Soon past Presidents of the I have to admit that the safety of our operational and technical staff. I believe Institute of Asphalt W B Nickson (1988) and people has always been my major concern the membership of the Institute and Asphalt C Rose (1994) managed the business under and something that has kept me awake at and associated bodies has assisted in the the Amalgamated Roadstone Corporation Ltd night at times due to changeable weather longevity of employment with my two title. The OPEC Crisis of the 70’s resulted in conditions. Operating on the Motorway principle employers Hanson and CEMEX a short departure but having being invited / Trunk road network has made me fully for which I am most appreciative.

44 Asphalt Professional • September 2014 www.instituteofasphalt.org ASPHALT PEOPLE

Helen Bailey

How did you get into the industry? Would you recommend your job By accident (and a happy one at that), the to anyone else? two people I have to thank (or blame) are Absolutely, but only when I’m ready Paul Phillips and Salah Zoorob who arranged to leave it! for a secondment over the summer of 2006 at Aggregate Industries R&D department. When did you join the IAT and why? I joined the Institute shortly after starting What do you do now? the industry to gain more information and All sorts, TRL provides a variety of work keep up to date. Not long after I joined the ranging from UK based projects relating to East Midlands and Education committees to asset management and asphalt materials to try and make a difference and be involved International projects which might be wholly in shaping the IAT’s direction. research based or involve specifi cation writing. If you could improve the IAT for Helen Bailey members, what would you do? Technical Development Manager What does a typical day look like? Help put education at its core, I fi rmly Typical days are something I try to avoid. believe that this is key to longevity of Born 1983 existing members and will help the What’s the best thing about it? industry have a more sustainable workforce. Education BEng Architectural The people. An industry that stands still is effectively Engineering, going backwards. University of Leeds What’s the worst thing about it? PhD Civil Engineering, Nothing. I also believe in seeking feedback, having University of East recently asked the members of the Midlands What are your greatest London what they would like to see rather than achievements? Work for TRL dictating a programme. Probably gaining my PhD and hearing that Since 2012 the patent on the work had been granted. Job Title Technical Development Manager

Note from Ed: We’d like to feature members from all areas of our industry. If you know someone who’d like to tell us about what they do, get in touch with your answers and a headshot.

Frank Midwinter Area Sales Manager

www.instituteofasphalt.org Asphalt Professional • September 2014 45 ASPHALT EXCHANGE

Bolden Nuggets – Episode 4 Pundit Country

So dear reader by the time you read this (or in the case of motor racing absolutely we will be well and truly through our no action whatsoever replays). On the other long summer of endless sport. Hours of hand if we are casual observers of the sport TV schedules being wiped of our favourite and we are only just watching it because programs and replaced with energetic it’s on. In which case more likely as not people doing of all sorts of fantastic sporty we couldn’t give a monkeys anyhow. things. Unless of course they are British in which case the fantastic things they the one thing that drives do stops just short of winning. make absolutely apoplectic

I can just about live with hour upon hour with rage is the relatively of televised boredom. Watching footballers modern curse of the TV Bob Bolden playacting as if their life depended on it, pundit Racing drivers who seem to have great diffi culty actually driving in anything other Furthermore you may ask yourself. Where subject us to, two and a half hours than a straight line, hapless cricket players, do these self appointed experts come from? of wall-to-wall waffl e? cack-handed golfers and whingeing tennis Well certainly not from the ranks of the players et al I can cope with. No, the one So here is my recipe for improved TV winners that’s for sure. Indeed the converse thing that drives make absolutely apoplectic sports coverage. First bin the talking applies. The more useless you were at the with rage is the relatively modern curse of heads. Then bring back a good old- sport when you played it, then it would the TV pundit. The hired in talking head, fashioned commentator, one who’s done appear that the better equipped you are who is paid to tell me, in long laborious their homework and understands what is to advise everybody else how to do it. You detail, what it is I have just seen. I am happening. Finally for goodness sake scrap only have to look at the motley collection of not sure how it started, or where they all those pesky action replay machines. Just has-beens, never were beens and never will came from. But who on earth decided we assume that if you didn’t spot it the fi rst be’s clogging up the airwaves to confi rm needed these bimbling idiots droning on time round, then you should have been this universal truth. With the aid of their for hours on end about absolutely nothing? paying more attention. You know it You can only assume given the long winded trustee replay machines they can make makes sense. waffl e they come out with that they are half an hour of sport drag on for aeons. For being paid by the word. Memo to the TV example. A football match normally lasts for companies – the premise is this: those of ninety minutes (2 times 45 min sessions) us who love and enjoy a particular sport add fi fteen minutes in the middle, while already know how it works. We do not have the poor little darlings take a long earned to be told what it is we have just seen and rest from their exertions and you’ve got just we certainly do not have to be told with about one hour forty-fi ve minutes worth the accompanying endless action replays of actual sport. So why on earth do they

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46 Asphalt Professional • September 2014 www.instituteofasphalt.org ASPHALT AMUSEMENT

Asphalt Amusement ASPHALT ANAGRAM Halt Plans Apt Remember, it’s just for fun – answers in the next issue! Last issue answer – Pothole Pete ASPRO WORD SEARCH Due to the conference taking place in Scotland this year, as well as other events like the Commonwealth Games, we thought it appropriate to print a little Scottish themed Crossword to keep you occupied.

12 3456 18 Scottish New Year’s Eve and the associated City (8) 7 8 celebrations (7) 20 A Scotch _____ is a snack food of Scottish 21 Scotland’s national sport (5) origin (3) 9 10 11 12 24 Typical Scottish weather (3) 21 Famous Glasgow football team (not Celtic) 13 26 This game originated in Scotland (4) (7) 14 15 27 Sean, Scottish actor and first Bond (7) 22 Scottish valley (4) 16 17 29 According to legend, there’s one in Loch Ness 23 Group of related Scottish families (4) 18 19 (7) 25 The Glaswegian _____ is very hard to 20 21 22 31 “Have you _____ tasted haggis?” (4) understand (6) 23 24 25 32 I spent my holiday _____ the Isle of Arran (2) 28 Scottish dialect word for ‘that’ (3) 26 27 28 33 One of Scotland’s national musical 30 Scottish National Party (abbr.) (3) instruments (4) 29 30 31 32 34 Location of 15 across (5,3) Answers from last issue: 33 34 Down 2 Scotland’s capital city (9)







    



 

 
  
 Across 4 Scottish lake (4)



   

 


 1 Celtic is a famous Glasgow football _____ (4) 5 You’ll need these if you go skiing in the 




 




 

 
 

  
 

 3 Scottish ancestors (5) Highlands (4) 

     8 Politically, Scotland is part of the _____ (2) 6 Queen of Scots (4) 



  








 Cut here  9 Scotland’s highest mountain (3,5) 7 Means ‘very small’ in Scottish English (3)     

 

 10 Strong alcoholic drink made in Scotland (6) 8 Scotland’s national animal (7)

 
  







  

 14 The Scottish flag is a white cross on a_____ 11 He grew up _____ the Shetland Isles (2)



 
  

 background (4) 12 Skirt traditionally worn by Scottish men (4)






   


   

 15 One of Scotland’s most important natural 13 _____ fishing is a very popular sport in



    


 resources (3) Scotland (3)






 16 Sir Walter, Scottish historical novelist 17 Scotland’s longest river (3)    
    




  and author of Ivanhoe (5) 19 Scotland’s third largest city, aka the Granite

READER’S DRIVES Last issue’s specimen belonged to Dr Helen Bailey

This issue’s Reader’s Drive has been sent to us from Doha by Bob Overett. He writes “I don’t exactly have a drive at my 23rd floor apartment in Doha but the car park outside was surfaced, which was amusing. 3 pavers in echelon and 9 rollers (yes 9, count them including 2 little ‘uns). Now that’s the way to surface the local Tesco car park! And both sides completed before midday on a Saturday morning.”

Got an interesting drive or asphalt pic near where you live? Send it in and we will include it next issue!

So you’ve reached the end of this issue of Asphalt Professional. What did you think? Please let us know via email, Twitter or LinkedIn – we’d love to hear from you! [email protected], @The_IAT or www.linkedin.com – look for The Institute of Asphalt Technology in Groups.

www.instituteofasphalt.org Asphalt Professional • September 2014 47