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Why the Walls of Jericho Came Tumbling Down
WHY THE WALLS OF JERICHO CAME TUMBLING DOWN SHUBERT SPERO What follows is an attempt to give a rational explanation for the fall of the walls of Jericho following the siege of the city by the Israelite forces led by 1 Joshua. The theory I wish to propose is designed not to replace the textual account but to complement it. That is, to suggest a reality that does not contradict the official version but which may have been behind it and for whose actual occurrence several hints may be found in the text. The fall of the walls of Jericho was indeed a wondrous event and the text properly sees God as the agent in the sense that it was He who inspired Joshua to come up 2 with his ingenious plan. Our theory suggests a connection between the two outstanding features of the story: (1) The adventure of the two Israelite spies in the house of Rahab the inn-keeper, before the Israelites crossed the Jordan, and (2) the mystify- ing circling of the city by the priestly procession for the seven days preceding the tumbling down of the walls. Let us first review the salient facts involved in the incident of the spies. We are told that Rahab's dwelling was part of the city wall and that in the wall she dwelt (Josh. 2:15) with a window that looked out on the area outside the city. The spies avoid capture by the Canaanite authorities through the efforts of Rahab and, in gratitude, they promise the woman that she and her family will not be harmed during the impending attack, and instruct her to gather them all into her house and hang scarlet threads in the window. -
The Roman Province of Judea: a Historical Overview
BYU Studies Quarterly Volume 36 Issue 3 Article 23 7-1-1996 The Roman Province of Judea: A Historical Overview John F. Hall Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/byusq Part of the Mormon Studies Commons, and the Religious Education Commons Recommended Citation Hall, John F. (1996) "The Roman Province of Judea: A Historical Overview," BYU Studies Quarterly: Vol. 36 : Iss. 3 , Article 23. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/byusq/vol36/iss3/23 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in BYU Studies Quarterly by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Hall: The Roman Province of Judea: A Historical Overview p d tffieffiAinelixnealxAIX romansixulalealliki glnfin ns i u1uaihiihlanilni judeatairstfsuuctfa Published by BYU ScholarsArchive, 1996 1 BYU Studies Quarterly, Vol. 36, Iss. 3 [1996], Art. 23 the roman province judeaofiudeaofofjudea A historical overview john E hall the comingcoining of rome to judea romes acquisition ofofjudeajudea and subsequent involvement in the affairs of that long troubled area came about in largely indirect fashion for centuries judea had been under the control of the hel- lenilenisticstic greek monarchy centered in syria and known as the seleu- cid empire one of the successor states to the far greater empire of alexander the great who conquered the vast reaches of the persian empire toward the end of the fourth century -
Migration of Jews to Palestine in the 20Th Century
Name Date Migration of Jews to Palestine in the 20th Century Read the text below. The Jewish people historically defined themselves as the Jewish Diaspora, a group of people living in exile. Their traditional homeland was Palestine, a geographic region on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea. Jewish leaders trace the source of the Jewish Diaspora to the Roman occupation of Palestine (then called Judea) in the 1st century CE. Fleeing the occupation, most Jews immigrated to Europe. Over the centuries, Jews began to slowly immigrate back to Palestine. Beginning in the 1200s, Jewish people were expelled from England, France, and central Europe. Most resettled in Russia and Eastern Europe, mainly Poland. A small population, however, immigrated to Palestine. In 1492, when King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella expelled all Jewish people living in Spain, some refugees settled in Palestine. At the turn of the 20th century, European Jews were migrating to Palestine in large numbers, fleeing religious persecution. In Russia, Jewish people were segregated into an area along the country’s western border, called the Pale of Settlement. In 1881, Russians began mass killings of Jews. The mass killings, called pogroms, caused many Jews to flee Russia and settle in Palestine. Prejudice against Jews, called anti-Semitism, was very strong in Germany, Austria-Hungary, and France. In 1894, a French army officer named Alfred Dreyfus was falsely accused of treason against the French government. Dreyfus, who was Jewish, was imprisoned for five years and tried again even after new information proved his innocence. The incident, called The Dreyfus Affair, exposed widespread anti-Semitism in Western Europe. -
The Bible, the Qur'an and Science
مكتبةمكتبة مشكاةمشكاة السإلميةالسإلمية The Bible, The Qur'an and Science The Holy Scriptures Examined In The Light Of Modern Knowledge by Dr. Maurice Bucaille Translated from French by Alastair D. Pannell and The Author مكتبةمكتبة مشكاةمشكاة السإلميةالسإلمية Table of Contents Foreword.........................................................................................3 Introduction......................................................................................3 The Old Testament..........................................................................9 The Books of the Old Testament...................................................13 The Old Testament and Science Findings....................................23 Position Of Christian Authors With Regard To Scientific Error In The Biblical Texts...........................................................................33 Conclusions...................................................................................37 The Gospels..................................................................................38 Historical Reminder Judeo-Christian and Saint Paul....................41 The Four Gospels. Sources and History.......................................44 The Gospels and Modern Science. The General Genealogies of Jesus.........................................................................................62 Contradictions and Improbabilities in the Descriptions.................72 Conclusions...................................................................................80 -
Palestine - Walking Through History
Palestine - Walking through History April 04 - 08, 2019 Cultural Touring | Hiking | Cycling | Jeep touring Masar Ibrahim Al-Khalil is Palestine’s long distance cultural walking route. Extending 330 km from the village of Rummana in the northwest of Jenin to Beit Mirsim southwest of Al-Haram al-Ibrahimi (Ibrahimi Mosque) in Hebron. The route passes through more than fifty cities and villages where travelers can experience the legendary Palestinian hospitality. Beginning with a tour of the major sites in Jerusalem, we are immediately immersed in the complex history of the region. Over the five days, we experience sections of this route, hiking and biking from the green hills of the northern West Bank passing through the desert south of Jericho to Bethlehem. Actively traveling through the varied landscapes, biodiverse areas, archaeological remains, religious sites, and modern day lively villages, we experience rich Palestinian culture and heritage. Palestinians, like their neighboring Arabs, are known for their welcoming warmth and friendliness, important values associated with Abraham (Ibrahim). There is plenty of opportunity to have valuable encounters with local communities who share the generosity of their ancestors along the way, often over a meal of delicious Palestinian cuisine. The food boasts a range of vibrant and flavorsome dishes, sharing culinary traits with Middle Eastern and East Mediterranean regions. Highlights: ● Experience Palestine from a different perspective – insights that go beyond the usual headlines ● Hike and bike through beautiful landscapes ● Witness history in Jerusalem, Sebastiya, Jericho, Bethlehem ● Map of the route ITINERARY Day 1 – 04 April 2019 - Thursday : Our trip begins today with a 8:00am pick-up at the hotel in Aqaba, the location on AdventureNEXT Near East. -
Muslim Women's Pilgrimage to Mecca and Beyond
Muslim Women’s Pilgrimage to Mecca and Beyond This book investigates female Muslims pilgrimage practices and how these relate to women’s mobility, social relations, identities, and the power struc- tures that shape women’s lives. Bringing together scholars from different disciplines and regional expertise, it offers in-depth investigation of the gendered dimensions of Muslim pilgrimage and the life-worlds of female pilgrims. With a variety of case studies, the contributors explore the expe- riences of female pilgrims to Mecca and other pilgrimage sites, and how these are embedded in historical and current contexts of globalisation and transnational mobility. This volume will be relevant to a broad audience of researchers across pilgrimage, gender, religious, and Islamic studies. Marjo Buitelaar is an anthropologist and Professor of Contemporary Islam at the University of Groningen, The Netherlands. She is programme-leader of the research project ‘Modern Articulations of Pilgrimage to Mecca’, funded by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO). Manja Stephan-Emmrich is Professor of Transregional Central Asian Stud- ies, with a special focus on Islam and migration, at the Institute for Asian and African Studies at Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany, and a socio-cultural anthropologist. She is a Principal Investigator at the Berlin Graduate School Muslim Cultures and Societies (BGSMCS) and co-leader of the research project ‘Women’s Pathways to Professionalization in Mus- lim Asia. Reconfiguring religious knowledge, gender, and connectivity’, which is part of the Shaping Asia network initiative (2020–2023, funded by the German Research Foundation, DFG). Viola Thimm is Professorial Candidate (Habilitandin) at the Institute of Anthropology, University of Heidelberg, Germany. -
Three Conquests of Canaan
ÅA Wars in the Middle East are almost an every day part of Eero Junkkaala:of Three Canaan Conquests our lives, and undeniably the history of war in this area is very long indeed. This study examines three such wars, all of which were directed against the Land of Canaan. Two campaigns were conducted by Egyptian Pharaohs and one by the Israelites. The question considered being Eero Junkkaala whether or not these wars really took place. This study gives one methodological viewpoint to answer this ques- tion. The author studies the archaeology of all the geo- Three Conquests of Canaan graphical sites mentioned in the lists of Thutmosis III and A Comparative Study of Two Egyptian Military Campaigns and Shishak and compares them with the cities mentioned in Joshua 10-12 in the Light of Recent Archaeological Evidence the Conquest stories in the Book of Joshua. Altogether 116 sites were studied, and the com- parison between the texts and the archaeological results offered a possibility of establishing whether the cities mentioned, in the sources in question, were inhabited, and, furthermore, might have been destroyed during the time of the Pharaohs and the biblical settlement pe- riod. Despite the nature of the two written sources being so very different it was possible to make a comparative study. This study gives a fresh view on the fierce discus- sion concerning the emergence of the Israelites. It also challenges both Egyptological and biblical studies to use the written texts and the archaeological material togeth- er so that they are not so separated from each other, as is often the case. -
Al-Aqsa Arabic, Literally
al-Aqsa Arabic, literally “the more remote,” but re- GLOSSARY ferring to the entire Muslim religious complex en- compassing the Dome of the Rock and the Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem Ateret Cohanim Hebrew, literally “the Priestly crown,” the name of a religious nationalist organization whose purpose is to settle Jews in East Jerusalem and the Muslim quarters of the Old City bayan Arabic, “proclamations, reports,” but also meaning “patency, obviousness” al-Buraq Arabic, also al-Buraq al-Sharif, or “noble Bu- raq.” The name of Muhammad’s steed, it is by tra- dition also the name given by Muslims to the site Jews commonly refer to as the Western, or Wailing Wall in Jerusalem. Muslim tradition holds that it is at this site that Muhammad tethered Buraq on his night journey, known as the Isra to the Aqsa. Hakeren Lemorshet Hakotel Hama’aravi Hebrew, for the Western Wall Heritage Foundation al-Haram al-Sharif Arabic, literally “the noble enclosure or compound,” the term refers to the same compound as the Aqsa, i.e., the Muslim Sanctuary contained of the original Herodian walls once bounding the Hebrew Temple in Jerusalem. In its center stands the Dome of the Rock Jamiyyat Hirasat al-Masjid al-Aqsa wal-Amakin al-Islamiyya al-Muqaddasa bil Quds Arabic, for the Society for the Protection of the Aqsa Mosque and the Islamic Holy Places in Jerusalem Lajnat al-Difaan al-Buraq al-Sharif Arabic, for Defense Committee for the Buraq al-Sharif, variously translated by the Shaw Commission as the Defense Com- mittee for the Noble Buraq al-Majlis al-Shari al-Islami -
Joshua 5:13-6:27 INTRODUCTION: Jericho Was a City Near the Dead Sea and the Jordan River
Joshua and the Conquest of Jericho TEXT: Joshua 5:13-6:27 INTRODUCTION: Jericho was a city near the Dead Sea and the Jordan River. As the Israelites crossed over the Jordan River, they came first to the city of Jericho. They would not be able to go any further into the Promised Land unless they went through Jericho. They knew. God knew it. Jericho would be a city specifically cursed by the Lord. The Jews were to conquer the city, but they were not to take any of the possessions of the city for themselves. However, the city had huge walls. The border of the city was actually two huge walls, one inside the other. The walls were so thick that six horses and a chariot could travel along the top of the walls. Houses were built into and between the walls, and many people, such as Rahab the harlot, lived in these houses. God commanded Joshua and Israel conquer this city. Bear in mind, they had no army. They had been in the wilderness for forty years. They simply had God’s command to take the city, and God gave it to them in a miraculous way. How could an untrained band of wilderness wandering travelers defeat a well-armed army in a fortified city? It happened because…. I. THEY HAD FAITH IN GOD’S COMMANDER A. The people knew God put Joshua in charge – They had all seen when God met with Moses and Joshua and turned over the leadership of the nation from Moses to Joshua. -
The History of Jerusalem
THE HISTORY OF JERUSALEM 1 Prepared by Ilana Epstein and Simon Goulden, US Living & Learning, May 2015/אייר תשע"ה Biblical quotations are from www.mechon-mamre.org 2 In its long history Jerusalem has been: . Destroyed at least twice . Besieged 23 times . Attacked 52 times . Captured and recaptured 44 times 3 Chalcolithic Period • The first settlement was established near the Gichon Spring 4 Middle Bronze Age The Book of Bereshit 14:18, mentions a city called Salem, which mefarashim (commentators) such as the Ramban (d. 1270) identifies as Jerusalem, ruled by King Melchizedek, probably a title, which means "my king is zedek", where Zedek is believed to refer to the word righteous, or perhaps “The Righteous King”. According to one Midrash, Jerusalem was founded by Abraham's forefathers Shem and Eber. And Melchizedek king of Salem brought forth bread 18 יח ּומַ לְכִּ י- קצֶדֶ מֶ לְֶך שָׁ לֵם, הוֹצִּ יא םלֶחֶ וָׁיָׁיִּן; וְ הּוא כֹהֵ ן, לְאֵ ל עֶלְיוֹן. and wine; and he was priest of God the Most High. 5 Middle Bronze Age 2220 -1550 BCE • c.1700 BCE - the Binding of Isaac takes place on Mount Moriah. Mefarashim have often interpreted the location of the mountain to be Jerusalem And they came to the place which God had told him 9 ט וַיָׁבֹאּו, אֶ ל- ַהָׁמֹקוםֲ אֶשרַ ָאמר-לוֹ ָׁהֱאִֹּלהים, וַיִּבֶ ן ָׁשם ַאְבָׁרָׁהם of; and Abraham built the altar there, and laid the אֶ ת- ַהִּמְזֵבַח , וַיַעֲרְֹך אֶ ת- ָׁהֵעִּצים; וַיַעֲקֹד, אֶ ת- ִּיְצָׁחק ְבֹנו , ַוָׁיֶשםֹאֹתו wood in order, and bound Isaac his son, and laid him on עַל- ַהִּמְזֵבַח , ִּמַמַעל ָׁלֵעִּצים. -
Sermon Study Guide
SMALL GROUP DISCUSSION GUIDE Sermon Study Guide Pastor Phil Newby – November 17, 2019 1. Read 1 Samuel 13:1-14. Discuss why Saul was rejected by God. What does it mean that his reign would have been permanently established? SERMON NOTES HAVE A HEART – 2. Why was Saul impatient when Samuel was late? Where was his focus? THE TRAGEDY OF KING SAUL PASSAGES IN 1 SAMUEL 3. The Bible often talks about waiting on the LORD. Have volunteers 1 Samuel 8:18 read these verses and then discuss what you observe: …you will cry out because of the king you’ve chosen for yourselves… Lamentations 3:25-26, Psalm 27:14, Isaiah 40:31, Micah 7:7, Psalm 37:7, Psalm 25:4-5, Proverbs 20:22, Galatians 5:5, Titus 2:13, Luke WHO WAS KING SAUL? 2:25, Roman 8:25. 1. SAUL WAS FROM THE TRIBE OF _____________________ 4. Read verse 1 Samuel 13:14 again. Who is the one that the LORD has found who is a man after his own heart? Hint: He wrote the A. THEY WERE KNOWN FOR BEING GREAT ___________________. Psalms you just read. Compare this man and Saul concerning waiting on the LORD. B. THE LAND OF THIS TRIBE INCLUDED THE CITIES OF 5. What is the connection between waiting for the LORD and faith in ___________________ AND ______________________. Christ? 2. SAUL WAS TECHNICALLY ISRAEL’S ________________ KING 6. How do we struggle waiting? What are some examples of how impatient we are with God? What areas of our lives today do we A. -
The Names and Boundaries of Eretz-Israel (Palestine) As Reflections of Stages in Its History
THE NAMES AND BOUNDARIES OF ERETZ-ISRAEL (PALESTINE) AS REFLECTIONS OF STAGES IN ITS HISTORY GIDEON BIGER INTRODUCTION Classical historical geography focuses on research of the boundaries of the various states, along with the historical development of these boundaries over time. Edward Freeman, in his book written in 1881 and entitled The Historical Geography of Europe, defines the nature of historical-geographical research as follows: "The work which we have now before us is to trace out the extent of territory which the different states and nations have held at different times in the world's history, to mark the different boundaries which the same country has had and the different meanings in which the same name has been used." The author further claims that "it is of great importance carefully to make these distinctions, because great mistakes as to the facts of history are often caused through men thinking and speaking as if the names of different countries have always meant exactly the same extent of territory. "1 Although this approach - which regards research on boundaries as the essence of historical geography- is not accepted at present, the claim that it is necessary to define the extent of territory over history is as valid today as ever. It is impossible to discuss the development of any geographical area having political and territorial significance without knowing and understanding its physical extent. Of no less significance for such research are the names attached to any particular expanse. The naming of a place is the first step in defining it politically and historically.