DOCSLIB.ORG

Items-In-Somalia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Items-In-Somalia UN Secretariat Item Scan - Barcode - Record Title Page 66 Date 12/06/2006 Time 2:11:32PM S-0882-0002-29-00001 Expanded Number S-0882-0002-29-00001 items-in-Somalia Date Created 16/09/1969 Record Type Archival Item Container S-0882-0002: Correspondence Files of the Secretary-General: U Thant: with Heads of State, Governments, Permanent Representatives and Observers to the United Nations Print Name of Person Submit Image Signature of Person Submit 4r f-- CVK/CC cc: Perm. Mission Mr, JJarasiBihan Mr. P-M. Henry Mr. Lemleus 2k Septesibsr 'far1 ys«r wry SdM letter 0£ 3.6 Se$?t@jB&ej*. I? too 5 v&ls!$& tfee opportsmtty to aeet you 5arlBg tfee of the -feaSs of State aatl So^s«5iffisst of of Afrieaaa ffnitgr ia ^-Mi0 ^balja. I as is |srlBei|>i€ yoisr iiwltstion to sse to visit Soa^lia* I note that is yeaop vlev it would to® psrfeieuler^f appraprta-l f ? it I ess fe® •wltls joa, 0n tfee ^®stb Aseaivsrm^ of tfee of the Sos^Ll BepabMc QB 1 July l^TCg, JC aliall f relationship 1i@%s?e®B tfee Netted Satis^ss fes tfee €eslrabtis:%' of s later Ctsaamission fbf tte Sfeeljelit aaci ^fete livers witfe Joist saES>©r@ftip? I m e«^®altiiag sgy conosaraed ©a the sufejeet, I Iseilev© tbat TS@ shoulS be help IB ^nyeldlDg ©a aaiseat!^1 q«sBlified parsoa ss Sia glad to IEEJOW ttet ycsra limre r^ce^tly rsatsed this tfce Sspe2*or of IfeMopta «efi that be was ^aea'ptire to tfee Sia Saji Ibz^Mss Egal af tfes '• a • t& (Seeing yaw IK ley for-k visit toS t«> the oppoxt^nlty of «aceliaagi»g view wttli :fo« oaee SOMALI REPUBLIC _ 0___ Mogadishu PRIME MSNISTER 16th September, 1969. Dear Mr. U Thant, It \vas indeed a great pleasure for me to have had the opportunity of meeting you again during the recent Organisation of African Unity Summit Conference in Addis Ababa which you were kind enough to attend. I am writing to confirm the invitation I extended to Your Excellency during our brief meeting for the Tenth anniversary of the Independence of the Somali Republic which will be celebrated on 1st July 1970. I trust that Your Excellency will be in a position to accept the invitation. As Your Excellency are aware, the Somali Republic enjoys a unique relationship with the United Nations Organisation in that the larger part of the Republic was under U.N. Trusteeship for the whole decade preceding our independence. It will, therefore, be a great honour for us and a fitting tribute to the high-minded mission of the United Nations Organisation that its Secretary-General should be present at the ceremonies commemorating the successful completion of a decade of independence of a former U.N. Trust Territory. Your Excellency also will recall that during our meeting I mentioned to you that I had addressed a Note Verbale to the Ethiopian Government on the desirability of having established a Water Commission for the Shebelli and Juba Rivers with joint Somali/Ethiopian membership but chaired by an eminently qualified person to be appointed by you. (I enclose a copy of the Note for your information), I am gratified to inform Your Excellency that I have since had the occasion to raise the matter with His Imperial Majesty personally and that I have found him favourably H.E. Mr. U Thant, ' • Secretary-General, - United Nations Organisation, New York - U.S.A. F'.: REPUBLIC PRIME MINISTER -2- disposed to our proposition. I am now awaiting an official reply to ray Note formally accepting the establishment of the Commission under the auspices oft.the United Nations. I shall let you know of further developments through our Permanent Representative. In closing this letter I would like to inform Your Excellency that I shall be coming to New York shortly to address the General Assembly on the problem of the diminishing authority of the United Nations Organisation - a subject about which I feel very strongly. I am looking forward to the opportunity which my visit will, I hope, afford me to meet and exchange views once again with Your Excellency. Accept, Your Excellency, the assurances of my highest consideration. U, (Mohamed Ibrahim Egal) PRIME MINISTER /COPY/ SOMALI REPUBLIC MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS NOTE VERBALS The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Government of the Somali Republic presents its compliments to the 1 ?• Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Imperial Ethiopian Government and has the honour to refer to previous discussions and exchanges between our Governments on the question of the Wabe Sheblli River. As is well known, our two Governments have been studying the important resources of this river independently for some time. On our part we have conducted the following studies: (1) Inter-River Economic Exploration, ICA, Washington, D.C. - 1961. (2) The Juba River Scheme, Selchozpromexport, Moscow - 1965« (3) Surface and Groundwater Resources of the Shebelli Valley, Faillage, Mogadishu - 1964. (4) F.A.O. Agriculture and Water Survey: Somalia - 1967 - 6 volumes. (5) Lower Juba Region Development Planj Italconsult — May, 1968. (6) F.A.O. Water Control and Management of Shebelli River (interim report) - 1969* Our most recent study has been conducted for the t Government, under the United Nations Development Programme, by the Food and Agriculture Organization as the Executing -2- Agency. This was a three-year study, approved by the Governing Council of the UNDP in June 1966, which became operational in September 1967. The major purpose of this study was to attempt to define two irrigation projects for possible development. This Special Fund Survey was a follow-up of the earlier Special Fund Agriculture and Water Survey, also conducted by FAO. "The field work for the current Special Fund project (Water Control and Management of the Shebelli River) has now been completed and the Government has recently received a limited number of copies of an interim report on this project, with the promise that the funal report will be available by the end of 1969. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs has pleasure in transmitting to the Imperial Ethiopian Government one copy of this interim reports It is transmitted to the Ethiopian Government as an expression of the desire on the part of the Somali Government to share information on the resources of the rivers, which run through both our territories. The Somali Government would hope that action in providing advance information on this study would clearly indicate this Government' desire for more formal arrangements for the sharing of this essential information, so important to both our countries., This Ministry would like to propose to the Imperial Ethiopian Government that both the Governments should enter an arrangement for the complete sharing of information on the rivers which traverse our territories. This Ministry is sure that the Imperial Ethiopian Government will agree that such a scaring of essential and vital information would be of vast benefit to their two great countries and to the continuing healthy relationships to which both countries aspire. May the Somali Government suggest to the Imperial Ethiopian Government that the two countries jointly request the Secretary- General of the United Nations to establish a Water Commission with membership from the two countries, but whose chairman would be appointed by the Secretary-General of the United Rations from amongst the body of men in the world with eminent qualifications in this field. The Somali Government would propose that the termr of reference of this Commission should simply be to establish the mechanism and procedures by which the two countries fully share the information on their joint water resources. The Somali Government would be most grateful if the Imperial Ethiopian Government could give early and sympathetic consideration to this proposal. It leaves the proposal in general terms with the confidence that the technical advisers of the two Governments could work out agreeable terms of reference. It is sure that this suggestion will meet with a receptive ear and that the response from the Imperial Ethiopian Government wilT. permit both the countries to enhance the lives of their people and assure a future of peace between their two countries. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Government of the Somali Republic avails itself of this opportunity to renew to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Imperial Ethiopian Government the assurances of its consideration. Mogadishu; • 30th July, 1969. MINISTRY OP FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF THE IMPERIAL ETHIOPIAN GOVERTO1ENTr ASBIS ABABA..
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Rethinking the Somali State
    Rethinking the Somali State MPP Professional Paper In Partial Fulfillment of the Master of Public Policy Degree Requirements The Hubert H. Humphrey School of Public Affairs The University of Minnesota Aman H.D. Obsiye May 2017 Signature below of Paper Supervisor certifies successful completion of oral presentation and completion of final written version: _________________________________ ____________________ ___________________ Dr. Mary Curtin, Diplomat in Residence Date, oral presentation Date, paper completion Paper Supervisor ________________________________________ ___________________ Steven Andreasen, Lecturer Date Second Committee Member Signature of Second Committee Member, certifying successful completion of professional paper Table of Contents Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 3 Methodology .......................................................................................................................... 5 The Somali Clan System .......................................................................................................... 6 The Colonial Era ..................................................................................................................... 9 British Somaliland Protectorate ................................................................................................. 9 Somalia Italiana and the United Nations Trusteeship .............................................................. 14 Colonial
    [Show full text]
  • SOMALI DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC Document Date: 1981
    Date Printed: 01/15/2009 JTS Box Number: IFES 30 Tab Number: 1 Document Title: CONSTITUTIONS OF THE COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD: SOMALI DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC Document Date: 1981 Document Country: SOM Documen t Language: ENG IFES 10: CON00170 44-II~ I~ 433I~II ~II ~/SOM /lq<il JOOI /0-'j . " SOMALIA . • CONSTITUTIONS OF THE COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD Editors ALBERT P. BLAUSTEIN & GISBERT 1-1. FLANZ SOMALI DEMOCRATIC • REPUBLIC by MARTIN R. GANZGLASS Issued November 1981 • Oceana Publications. Inc. Dobbs Ferry. New York 5 0 MAL I D E Moe RAT I C REP U B LIe The Somali Democratic Republic (Somalia) is a "union" of two former colonies. The Northern Region CONTENTS comprises the former British territory known as the Somali land Protectorate. The Southern Region com­ • prises the former Italian Sornaliland which, after World War II, became a United Nations Trust Terri­ tory. CONSTITUTIONAL CHRONOLOGY Till': CONSTITUTION 1889 Following treaties with local Sultans, Britain proclaimed the Sornaliland ,INNOT,I'I'FIl BIBLIOGRAPHY Protectorate over the Northern Regions of Hargeisa and Burao. This became ~<the Northern Region of what is now Somalla. The Protectorate also included the Baud which became part of Ethiopia in 1955. The Protectorate, located at the southern end of the Red Sea, was on the direct route from England to India via the Suez Canal. 1894 Tripartite Accord was reached by Great' Britain, Italy and Ethiopia over other Somali territories. Italian control was established over an area on the Indian Ocean to a point south of Mogadishu. • This became Italian Somaliland and the Southern Regions of what is now Somalia.
    [Show full text]
  • (I) the SOCIAL STRUCTUBE of Soumn SOMALI TRIB by Virginia I?
    (i) THE SOCIAL STRUCTUBE OF SOumN SOMALI TRIB by Virginia I?lling A thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of London. October 197]. (ii) SDMMARY The subject is the social structure of a southern Somali community of about six thousand people, the Geledi, in the pre-colonial period; and. the manner in which it has reacted to colonial and other modern influences. Part A deals with the pre-colonial situation. Section 1 deals with the historical background up to the nineteenth century, first giving the general geographic and ethnographic setting, to show what elements went to the making of this community, and then giving the Geledj's own account of their history and movement up to that time. Section 2 deals with the structure of the society during the nineteenth century. Successive chapters deal with the basic units and categories into which this community divided both itself and the others with which it was in contact; with their material culture; with economic life; with slavery, which is shown to have been at the foundation of the social order; with the political and legal structure; and with the conduct of war. The chapter on the examines the politico-religious office of the Sheikh or Sultan as the focal point of the community, and how under successive occupants of this position, the Geledi became the dominant power in this part of Somalia. Part B deals with colonial and post-colonial influences. After an outline of the history of Somalia since 1889, with special reference to Geledi, the changes in society brought about by those events are (iii) described.
    [Show full text]
  • Somalia Apr2001
    SOMALIA ASSESSMENT April 2001 Country Information and Policy Unit CONTENTS I SCOPE OF DOCUMENT 1.1 - 1.5 II GEOGRAPHY 2.1 - 2.3 III HISTORY 3.1 - 3.78 Independence 1960 3.1 - 3.6 Rule of Siad Barre 3.7 - 3.8 Ogaden War & Opposition to Barre 3.9 - 3.15 Collapse of Central Government 1991 3.16 - 3.23 United Nations Intervention 3.24 - 3.33 Events Following UN Withdrawal 3.34 - 3.35 Moves Towards Peace 3.36 - 3.37 Cairo Declaration 1997 3.38 - 3.41 Republic of Somaliland 1991 to Date 3.42 - 3.49 Puntland State of Somalia 1998 to Date 3.50 - 3.55 Reconciliation Moves in Mogadishu 3.56 - 3.58 Conflict in Gedo 3.59 - 3.61 Conflict in Kismayo 1998-2000 3.62 - 3.64 RRA Advances & Ethiopian Incursions 3.65 - 3.69 Arta Peace Process & Transitional National Assembly 3.70 - 3.78 IV INSTRUMENTS OF THE STATE 4.1 - 4.37 Political System: 4.1 - 4.33 - Puntland (North-eastern Somalia) 4.3 - 4.8 - Somaliland (North-western Somalia) 4.9 - 4.13 - Mogadishu (Benadir Region) 4.14 - 4.19 - Central & Southern Somalia 4.20 - 4.33 The Judiciary 4.34 - 4.37 V HUMAN RIGHTS SITUATION HUMAN RIGHTS: INTRODUCTION 5.1 - 5.4 Introduction 5.1 - 5.2 Human Rights Organisations in Somalia 5.3 - 5.4 HUMAN RIGHTS: SPECIFIC GROUPS 5.5 - 5.23 Women 5.5 - 5.9 Children 5.10 Somali Clans 5.11 - 5.13 Ethnic Minorities 5.14 - 5.23 HUMAN RIGHTS: OTHER ISSUES 5.24 - 5.40 Freedom of Assembly 5.24 - 5.25 Freedom of Speech and of the Press 5.26 - 5.30 Freedom of Religion 5.31 - 5.33 Freedom to Travel/Internal Relocation (Internal Flight) 5.34 - 5.38 Prison Conditions 5.39 - 5.40 ANNEX A: CHRONOLOGY ANNEX B: SOMALI CLAN STRUCTURE ANNEX C: MAIN POLITICAL ORGANISATIONS ANNEX D: PROMINENT PEOPLE PAST & PRESENT BIBLIOGRAPHY I.
    [Show full text]
  • SOMALIA Ages 10-12
    SOMALIA Ages 10-12 • The light blue background of the flag is said to have been based on the UN flag, but today, it is said to represent the sky and the Indian Ocean on the Eastern coast of this African nation. • The five points on the star represent the five regions in the horn of Africa that are inhabited by Somali people. The first of these two regions are British Somaliland and Italian Somaliland, which make up present day Somalia. The third is Ogaden in Ethiopia. The fourth is Djibouti and the fifth is the Northern Frontier District in Kenya. Somalia’s neighbours Ethiopia and Kenya to the west, the Gulf of Aden to the north and the Indian Ocean to the east. Mogadishu is the capital city of Somalia and it has a population of roughly 1.353 million people. The overall population of the country is 9 925 640. Its climate is hot, with irregular and scarce rainfall and frequent droughts. The northern terrain of the country is predominantly hilly, reaching altitudes of 4 000 ft.; while the south is mainly flat. DECADES OF GOVERNANCE- PRE AND POST INDEPENDENCE Modern day Somalia is the result of the merging of what was known as British Somaliland, a territory occupied by the British; and Somalia Italiana, a territory occupied by the Italians. British Somaliland was in the north and Somalia Italiana was in the south. The British Somalis were allowed to follow the customs and traditional procedures of their nomadic clans. With regards to government, the people of British Somali had some influence and control of their society.
    [Show full text]
  • State Fragility in Somaliland and Somalia: a Contrast in Peace and State Building
    AUGUST 2018 State fragility in Somaliland and Somalia: A contrast in peace and state building Mohamed Farah Hersi Mohamed Farah Hersi is the Director of the Academy for Peace and Development in Hargeisa, Somaliland About the commission The LSE-Oxford Commission on State Fragility, Growth and Development was launched in March 2017 to guide policy to combat state fragility. The commission, established under the auspices of the International Growth Centre, is sponsored by LSE and University of Oxford’s Blavatnik School of Government. It is funded from the LSE KEI Fund and the British Academy’s Sustainable Development Programme through the Global Challenges Research Fund. Front page image: Mohamed958543 | Wikipedia 2 State fragility in Somaliland and Somalia: A contrast in peace and state building Contents Introduction 4 The rise and fall of pan-Somalism 6 The nexus between state legitimacy, and security and conflict 9 Political compromise and conflict: Undermining state effectiveness 13 Risky business: Private sector development amid insecurity 16 Living on the edge with few safety nets 19 Somali state fragility: Regional and international dynamics 20 Conclusion 23 Bibliography 25 3 State fragility in Somaliland and Somalia: A contrast in peace and state building Introduction The region inhabited by Somali-speaking people covers the northeast tip of Africa. During colonialism, this area was divided between European powers, separating the Somali people into five territories: Italian Somalia (today’s 1 Somalia), British Somaliland (today’s Somaliland), French Somaliland (today’s Djibouti), and notable Somali enclaves in Ethiopia’s Ogaden region and Kenya’s North Eastern province. Pan-Somali nationalism long hoped to overcome these colonial divides and unite all Somali peoples in a single nation.
    [Show full text]
  • SOMALIA-SCD-08152018.Pdf
    A Document of The World Bank Group Public Disclosure Authorized FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Report No. 123807-SO FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF SOMALIA SYSTEMATIC COUNTRY DIAGNOSTIC Public Disclosure Authorized May 1, 2018 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized i SOMALIA – GOVERNMENT FISCAL YEAR January 1 – December 31 CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (Exchange Rate Effective as of April 1, 2018) Currency Unit: = Somali Shillings (SOS) US$1.00 = TZS 577 Abbreviations and Acronyms AfDB African Development Bank AMISOM African Union Mission in Somalia AML Anti-Money Laundering AS Al Shabaab ASWL Association of Somalia Women Lawyers CAMEL Capital, Assets, Management, Earnings, Liquidity CBS Central Bank of Somalia CFT Combating the Financing of Terrorism COGWO Coalition of Grassroot Women’s Organizations DFID Department for International Development DG District Government EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone FAO Food and Agriculture Organization FATF Financial Action Task Force FGC Financial Governance Committee GCC Gulf Cooperation Council GBV Gender-based violence GBVIMS GBV Information Management System GDP Gross Domestic Product HH Household ICT Information and communication technology IDA International Development Association IDLO International Development Law Organization IDP Internally displaced people IGAD Inter-Governmental Authority on Development IMF International Monetary Fund INDC Intended Nationally Determined Contribution INPB Interim National Procurement Board IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's IPV Intimate partner violence IRC
    [Show full text]
  • Part H Background to the Somali War 1 Introduction
    PART H BACKGROUND TO THE SOMALI WAR 1 INTRODUCTION TO SOMALIA 1.1 The Somali People Somalia1 covers almost 640,000 square kilometres in the north-eastern tip of the Horn of Africa. In the main this is a semi-desert region, with a vegetation cover and water resources that dictate a pastoral nomadic existence for the majority of the population. The exception is the area between the two southern rivers, the Shabelle and Juba, and in valleys of the northern escarpments, where higher rainfall and richer soils provide land suitable for agriculture. r The Somali-speaking people form one of the largest ethnic groups in Africa, living dispersed throughout the Horn, from the Awash Valley, through the Ethiopian Ogaden, and into northern Kenya as far as the Tana river. A Cushitic-speaking family or 'nation' of people, Somalis belong to the Hamitic group of peoples, which includes the Afar, Oromo, Saho and Beja peoples of the Horn. The Somali are distinguished by a shared common ancestry, a single language, an Islamic (sunni) heritage and a way of life that is overwhelmingly pastoral. The Somali are divided into six 'clan families' — Dir, Issaq, Darod, Hawiye, Digil, and Rahanweyne — which are further divided, according to agnatic descent, into subsidiary clans or lineage groups (see diagram 1) (Lewis, 1961). The Somali kinship system and the flexible and shifting alliances of clan kinship groups are fundament- ally entrenched in the social, political, and economic culture of the Somali people. Until the colonial period the Somali 'nation' did not form a single political unit; any concept of political identity was based on clan affiliation.
    [Show full text]
  • The Puntland Experience: a Bottom-Up Approach to Peace and State Building
    THE SEARCH FOR PEACE Somali Programme Haani salka ayeey ka unkantaa A milk container is built from the bottom up The Puntland Experience: A Bottom-up Approach to Peace and State Building Peace Initiatives in Puntland 1991—2007 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Peace Initiatives in Puntland 1991—2007 Researchers: Hassan Adan Mohamed, Amina Abdulkadir M. Nur Photographs: Muctar Mohamed Hersi, Audio Visual Unit Map: Adapted from Mark Bradbury, 2008, James Currey Editor: Dr Pat Johnson, Interpeace This research study was made possible by the generous contributions of the interviewees, Working Group, peer reviewers, and colleagues at the Puntland Development Research Center, including Abdurahman A. Osman ‘Shuke’ (Director), Ali Farah Ali (Research Coordinator), Mohamed Yassin Essa ‘Ilkoasse’ (Finance Manager), and Muctar Mohamed Hersi (Director Audio-Visual Unit), in sharing their unique experiences as well as historical documentation. The Search for Peace series Research Coordinator: Mark Bradbury, Rift Valley Institute Research Consultants: Professor Ken Menkhaus, Davidson College, USA Dr Justin Willis, the British Institute in Eastern Africa Andy Carl, Conciliation Resources Ulf Terlinden Senior Research Advisor: Abdirahman Osman Raghe, Interpeace Series Coordinator & Editor: Dr Pat Johnson, Interpeace Series Sub-editor: Janet Oeverland, Interpeace Design and Layout: Cege Mwangi, Arcadia Associates Garowe, Puntland Phone: (+252 5) 84 4480 Thuraya: +88 216 4333 8170 [email protected] www.pdrc.somalia.org This report was produced by Interpeace and the Puntland Development Research Center and represents exclusively their own views. These views have not been adopted or in any way approved by the contributing donors and should not be relied upon as a statement of the contributing donors or their services.
    [Show full text]
  • Working Paper 118
    gbnng Working Paper 118 Explaining Informal Taxation and Revenue Generation: Evidence from south-central Somalia Vanessa van den Boogaard and Fabrizio Santoro March 2021 ICTD Working Paper 118 Explaining Informal Taxation and Revenue Generation: Evidence from south-central Somalia Vanessa van den Boogaard and Fabrizio Santoro March 2021 1 Explaining Informal Taxation and Revenue Generation: Evidence from south-central Somalia Vanessa van den Boogaard and Fabrizio Santoro ICTD Working Paper 118 First published by the Institute of Development Studies in March 2021 © Institute of Development Studies 2021 ISBN: 978-1-78118-779-1 DOI: 10.19088/ICTD.2021.003 This is an Open Access paper distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 4.0 International license, which permits downloading and sharing provided the original authors and source are credited – but the work is not used for commercial purposes. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode The views and opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of Somalia Stability Fund. Available from: The International Centre for Tax and Development at the Institute of Development Studies, Brighton BN1 9RE, UK Tel: +44 (0) 1273 606261 Email: [email protected] Web: www.ictd.ac/publication Twitter: @ICTDTax Facebook: www.facebook.com/ICTDtax IDS is a charitable company limited by guarantee and registered in England Charity Registration Number 306371 Charitable Company Number 877338 2 Explaining Informal Taxation and Revenue Generation: Evidence from south-central Somalia Vanessa van den Boogaard and Fabrizio Santoro Summary Most people in low-income countries contribute substantially to the financing of local public goods through informal revenue generation (IRG).
    [Show full text]
  • The Roots of Somali Political Culture
    EXCERPTED FROM The Roots of Somali Political Culture M. J. Fox Copyright © 2015 ISBN: 978-1-62637-204-7 hc FIRSTFORUMPRESS A DIVISION OF LYNNE RIENNER PUBLISHERS, INC. 1800 30th Street, Suite 314 Boulder, CO 80301 USA telephone 303.444.6684 fax 303.444.0824 This excerpt was downloaded from the Lynne Rienner Publishers website www.rienner.com Contents Preface ix 1 A Fragmented State 1 2 Precolonial Foundations 43 3 British Administration in Somaliland 91 4 The Impact of Italian Colonization 131 5 Unifying North and South 165 6 The Legacy of Political Culture 201 Bibliography 219 Index 231 vii 1 A Fragmented State The value of historical evidence, harnessed in focused, within-case comparisons of successive periods of history in a single country, remains relatively untapped.1 The fragmentation of the former Somali Democratic Republic as three distinct political entities constitutes a political and legal phenomenon, the likes of which exists nowhere else in the world today. Most remarkable is the sheer durability of what is now Somaliland, Puntland, and the recently formed Federal Government of Somalia (FGS).2 How they came about and why they have endured for more than twenty years is a complex political puzzle that has engendered a significant body of literature. Yet behind the range of explanations and the more immediate news of Somali political struggles, al-Shabaab’s persistence, humanitar- ian crises and international involvements, there are compelling historical influences that are able to shed some light on present circumstances.3 Some of these influences can be observed in the deep-rooted path of Somalia’s political culture, or rather, the distinctive historical political culture paths of the “three Somalias.” Of these three independently administered regions, Somaliland and Puntland have been and still are relatively peaceful, consensual in character and economically viable, though in their own distinctive ways.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of Somalia's (& Semi-Autonomous Regions
    REPORT/RAPPORT : SF/2011/11 A REVIEW OF SOMALIA’S (& SEMI-AUTONOMOUS REGIONS) FISHERIES LEGISLATION & MANAGEMENT November 2011 Funded by European Union Implementation of a Regional Fisheries Stategy For The Eastern-Southern Africa And Indian Ocean Region 10th European Development Fund Agreement No: RSO/FED/2009/021-330 “This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the author and can in no way be taken to the views of the European Union.” Implementation of a Regional Fisheries Strategy For The Eastern-Southern Africa and India Ocean Region Programme pour la mise en oeuvre d'une stratégie de pêche pour la region Afrique orientale-australe et Océan indien A Review of Somalia’s (& Semi-Autonomous Regions) Fisheries Legislation & Management SF/2011/11 Khadija Hassan This report has been prepared with the technical assistance of Le présent rapport a été réalisé par l'assistance technique de November 2011 Funded by European Union Table of Contents Executive Summary................................................................................................... 4 Résumé Exécutif........................................................................................................ 4 Introduction............................................................................................................. 5 Methodology............................................................................................................ 7 Performance in relation
    [Show full text]