Art Sanat 11 /2019
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Sultan Abdülmecid Döneminde İstanbul-Ayasofya Camii'ndeki
Sultan Abdülmecid Döneminde İstanbul-Ayasofya Camii’ndeki Onarımlar ve Çalışmaları Aktaran Belgeler Sema Doğan* Özet: Bizans başkenti Konstantinopolis’in en önemli yapısı olan Hagia Sophia Kilisesi’nin tarihi, 4. yüzyılın ilk yarısında birinci, 5. yüzyılın başlarında ikinci, 6. yüzyılda üçüncü yapım evrelerinde izlenir. Osman- lı Dönemine kadar geçirdiği doğal tahribatlara karşın pek çok onarımla ayakta kalabilen kilise, 29 Mayıs 1453’te Fatih Sultan Mehmed’in İs- tanbul’u almasıyla camiye dönüştürülür. Ayasofya, Osmanlı Dönemin- de kentin en büyük Camii olmasıyla önemini sürdürmüştür. 19. yüzyıla kadar yeni bölümlerin ve mimari öğelerin eklenmesine karşın, büyük depremler yapıda zararlara yol açmıştır. Sultan Abdülmecid’in (1839-1861) yaptırdığı onarımların, yapının gü- nümüze gelebilmesinde payı büyüktür. İsviçre’li iki kardeş mimarın gö- revlendirilmesiyle 1847 yılında başlayan onarımlar, 1858 yılına dek devam etmiştir. Başta Fossati Kardeşler’in görsel ve yazılı belgeleri ile yayınlarının yanı sıra, aynı dönemde İstanbul’a gelen gezginlerin seya- hatnamelerinde gravürler eşliğinde aktardıkları bilgiler, Osmanlı arşiv- lerindeki kayıtlar, Ayasofya risaleleri ve dönemin ressamlarının Aya- sofya konulu tablolarında onarımlar izlenmekte, yapının önemi ortaya konmaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Hagia Sophia Kilisesi, Ayasofya Camii, Abdülmecid dönemi, Fossati Kardeşler, onarımlar. Giriş Ayasofya’nın Bizans ve Osmanlı Dönemlerine ait mimari, mimari bezeme ve mozaiklerinin günümüze gelebilmesinde Sultan Abdülmecid’in (1839-1861) yaptırdığı onarımların -
The Lamentation of Santa Sophia Marios Philippides
Tears of the Great Church: The Lamentation of Santa Sophia Marios Philippides URING THE PERIOD of the Ottoman occupation, the so- called Tourkokratia, the Greeks expressed their concerns D in folk songs, whose numerous variants were gradually collected and published in the nineteenth century to form an impressive corpus. Some songs reach back all the way to the last years of Byzantine Greece before its fall to the Ottoman Turks. One song in particular achieved a great deal of pop- ularity and perhaps qualifies as the most popular demotic song among Greek-speakers of the nineteenth century and the first decades of the twentieth. The poem is well known, but it has not received the scholarly attention it deserves. Entitled [The Song] of Santa Sophia, it is thought to describe the situation shortly before the fall of Constantinople to Sultan Mehmed II Fatih on May 29, 1453. This song survived orally and was finally recorded in the nineteenth century. Numerous versions existed in the eighteenth century; its nucleus dates to the period of the fall of Constantinople. I will attempt to demonstrate that at least one form of this poem dates to a specific event in 1452, six months before the conquest of Constantinople. Numerous variations of this poem have been collected.1 Fau- riel, in the first edition, presented a short version.2 Pouqueville 1 Variants from numerous regions are collected in A. Kriares, Πλήρηϛ Συλλογὴ Κρητικῶν Δηµωδῶν Ἀσµάτων (Athens 1920). A version was pub- lished in C. A. Trypanis, The Penguin Book of Greek Verse (Harmondsworth 1971) 469–470, no. -
The Theophany of Allah by Means of Lightin
The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School BRINGING TO LIGHT THE QUR’AN: THE THEOPHANY OF ALLAH BY MEANS OF LIGHTING DESIGN IN THE SÜLEYMANIYE MOSQUE A Thesis in Architecture by Stella Destephanis Murray © 2020 Stella Destephanis Murray Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science May 2020 The thesis of Stella Destephanis Murray was reviewed and approved by the following: Denise Rae Costanzo Assistant Professor of Architecture Thesis Adviser Jonathan Eugene Brockopp Professor of History and Religious Studies Cathy Michelle Braasch Assistant Professor of Architecture Darla V. Lindberg Professor of Architecture Mehrdad Hadighi Professor of Architecture Head of the Department of Architecture ii ABSTRACT In 1558, the Ottoman architect Koca Mimar Sinan Agha (c. 1488-1588) began construction on the Süleymaniye Mosque in Constantinople (Istanbul). Commissioned by Sultan Süleyman (1494-1566), the mosque was built early in Sinan’s career even though it was soon considered a masterpiece. The Süleymaniye Mosque drew significant inspiration from the nearby Hagia Sophia (532-37), a monument built a thousand years earlier for a different religion (Byzantine). Despite the differences in their theological origins, these two works of architecture in the same city share similar structural systems and lighting strategies. Although both the Süleymaniye Mosque and Hagia Sophia were designed to dramatize daylighting, the former has been more successful. Whereas Hagia Sophia is relatively dim inside, natural light alone fully illuminates the upper half of the Süleymaniye Mosque. In the lower half of the mosque, the simple yet effective mosque lamps serve as task lighting for Muslims who wish to pray. -
Ozgecan Karadagli
From Empire to Republic: Western Art Music, Nationalism, and the Merging Mediation of Saygun’s Op.26 Yunus Emre Oratorio by Ozgecan Karadagli A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Music University of Alberta © Ozgecan Karadagli, 2017 Abstract This dissertation focuses on Western art music during the second half of the 19th century Ottoman Empire and the first half of 20th century in Republic of Turkey in the construction of a national identity, and how it had been used as a part of cultural politics. One of the aims is to contest some misinterpretations on the history and roles of Western art music. Through the Tanzimat (reform) period of the Ottoman Empire, Western art music genres became part of their Westernization policy. However, music was not a part of state ideology. On the other hand, as a big part of culture revolutions, music played an immense role of forging the new national identity of Turkish Republic. This music, under the vision of the founder Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, was formed through the synthesis of newly constructed Turkish folk music and Western art music techniques. Ahmet Adnan Saygun, as one the first generation of composers of the new state, dedicated himself to creating the new nationalist music of Turkey. This dissertation also argues that Saygun brought together Turkish folk music, Turkish art music and Western art music to compose nationalist music. In doing so, Saygun mediated the aesthetic and cultural traditions of the past and the present as well as broke the artificial art and folk music binary. -
Istanbul Special Issue
WORLD HERITAGE İSTANBUL SPECIAL ISSUE 2016 WORLD HERITAGE İSTANBUL SPECIAL ISSUE 2016 İstanbul, the only city where continents meet and of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, we the Orient synthesize a unique culture with the proceeded to establish an ‘İstanbul Coordination Occident, is a city that lives with its historical, Committee’ to start the work of preparation for the cultural, and natural beauties … almost an important meeting and to do all the ground work outdoor museum, hosting thousands of historical for the Youth Forum to be held before it. That work assets inherited from its 8500 year history. As proceeded with the participation of academics, the Metropolitan Municipality, all our efforts are responsibles and all relevant parties, to contribute focused, throughout our tenure, on maintaining to the efforts of the municipality agencies, while the this extraordinary spread of assets left by different international wing of our municipality got in touch cultures and transfer them to the next generations to and worked with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, adorn their city of seven hills. Ministry of Culture and Tourism, UNESCO- Turkey’s National Committee and the Governor’s To protect our cultural heritage, we established Office, to bring us to this point in time and feel the in 2006 an ‘Site Management Directorate’ in pride and joy of hosting this reunion. line with the UNESCO criteria and prepared our management plans for the historical regions At the same time, we included in our agenda a of the city. We organized functions in Paris to publication, to share information on the cultural celebrate UNESCO’s 70th year, parallel to the 30th heritage of İstanbul, to be kept as a durable source of reference and thus, the idea of ‘WHC Special anniversary of İstanbul’s listing as ‘World Heritage Issue – İstanbul’ was born. -
Istanbul Retreat 2008: Welcome Pack
istanbul retreat 2008 welc me pack Table of Contents Retreat Programme Hotel Info Participant Bios Istanbul for Sightseeing Retreat Programme Page 1 Days/Time 22 July 23 July 24 July 25 July 26 July 27 July 28 July 29 July 30 July Departure Hagi Sofia Panel 1 Shopping Panel 3 Panel 4 Panel 6 Departure Heathrow Airport Educational Ideals Dialogue: What Financial Resources: Morning Terminal 5 Topkapi Palace and Realities: Dolmabahce Palace Scholarship: Gulen’s Grand Bazaar Istanbul Ataturk Comes Next, After What Keeps the Gulen’s Philosphy of as an Activist “Alim” Airport @12:00 Flight # BA676 the Talking? Wheels Turning? @10:30 Basilica Cistern Education in Practice Panel 5 Sultanahmet (Blue) Panel 2 Panel 7 Bank Asya Samanyolu TV Shopping Centre Arrival Arrival Mosque Gender Roles: Media Expansion Islam in Modern Midday Where in the Heathrow Airport Istanbul @ 16:25 from Local to Society: Euro- Bosphorus Tour by Visit Msnr Georges Movement Are the Kimse Yok Mu? Terminal 5 @ 13:55 International: What Muslims and Beyond Spice Bazaar Boat Marovich Women? (Relief Charity) Dinner with the TUSKON (Business Members of Dinner & Final Dinner College Visit & Dinner Zaman Daily & Dinner Dinner Dinner Associastion) & Evening Journalists and Reflections Dinner Writers Foundation Selections from the Retreat Itinerary - 1861) de Fossati brothers made various restorations in the building. Hagia Sophia Museum, the legacy of Hagia Sophia both Christian and Muslim culture, was opened for visits according to the order of Ataturk and decision agia Sophia church was built during the reign of of the Turkish Assembly of Ministers on the 1st of Emperor Theodosius and burned down in the February, 1935. -
Uva-DARE (Digital Academic Repository)
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Posing for the Republic Making the modern Turkish citizen in vernacular photographs from the 1920s and 1930s Baykan Calafato, Ö. Publication date 2020 Document Version Other version License Other Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Baykan Calafato, Ö. (2020). Posing for the Republic: Making the modern Turkish citizen in vernacular photographs from the 1920s and 1930s. General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:26 Sep 2021 REFERENCES Archives Akkasah: Center for Photography, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD). Accessed August 16, 2020. https://akkasah.org. SALT Research Collections. Accessed August 16, 2020. https://archives.saltresearch.org. Istanbul University Library, Digital Archive of Newspapers: Gazeteden Tarihe Bakış Projesi. -
T.C. Ankara Üniversitesi Türk Inkilâp Tarihi Enstitüsü Fotoğraf Üzerinden Milli Mücadele'de Türk Kadini
T.C. ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ TÜRK İNKILÂP TARİHİ ENSTİTÜSÜ FOTOĞRAF ÜZERİNDEN MİLLİ MÜCADELE’DE TÜRK KADINI (1919-1922) Yüksek Lisans Tezi Özlem BAYKAL Ankara-2019 T.C. ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ TÜRK İNKILÂP TARİHİ ENSTİTÜSÜ FOTOĞRAF ÜZERİNDEN MİLLİ MÜCADELE’DE TÜRK KADINI (1919-1922) Yüksek Lisans Tezi Özlem BAYKAL Tez Danışmanı Prof. Dr. Temuçin Faik ERTAN Ankara-2019 ÖZET 19. yüzyıldan itibaren dünya geneline bakıldığında kadınların statülerindeki değişimin savaşlar, devrimler ve sosyal olaylar gibi kısa dönemli veya endüstrileşme, şehirleşme, eğitim ve istihdam benzeri uzun süreçler sonucunda meydana geldiği görülmüştür. Bu bağlamda Türk kadını Balkan ve Birinci Dünya Savaşları ve Milli Mücadele döneminde basın, edebiyat, cemiyet, askeri üretim, sağlık çalışmaları, lojistik ve cephede savaşmak gibi hemen her alanda aktif bir rol oynamıştır. Trablusgarp, Balkan, Birinci Dünya Savaşları ve Milli Mücadele döneminde kadınlar bu faaliyetleri yerine getirirken, toplumsal ve geleneksel sorumluluklarını ihmal etmemiştir. Osmanlı Devleti’nin 1918 yılında Mondros Mütarekesini imzalaması ve İtilaf Devletleri’nin Anadolu’yu işgal etmesi sonucunda Türk halkı, siyasi, beşeri, sosyal, ekonomik ve sağlık olarak bütün haklarından mahrum bırakılmıştır. Dolayısıyla 1919-1922 yılları arasında yaşanılan Milli Mücadele döneminde Türk halkı işgallere karşı teşkilatlanmaya başlayarak, Mustafa Kemal Paşa önderliğinde topyekûn mücadele için harekete geçmiştir. Anadolu’da erkeklerin cephelerde olması, kadınların geri hizmetlerde daha fazla çaba göstermesine zemin hazırlamıştır. Bu dönemde siyasi ve askeri olarak gerçekleşen her gelişmede, kadınların varlığı somut bir şekilde ortaya çıkmıştır. Kadınlar, işgallere karşı önce cephe gerisinde miting ve cemiyet çalışmalarına ağırlık vermiştir. Kadınlar daha sonra askeri üretim ve tıbbi faaliyetler çerçevesinde, Türk Ordusuna destek sağlamışlardır. Cephede ise tıbbi müdahale ve sevkiyat hizmetleri ile işgal güçleriyle fiilen savaşmak gibi vazifeleri yerine getirmişlerdir. -
Hagia Sophia One of the World's Most Remarkable Buildings, Hagia
Hagia Sophia One of the world’s most remarkable buildings, Hagia Sophia has been claimed by East and West and has acted almost as a cultural bridge between them. It can be approached from many perspectives, such as architecture, structure, history, myth, decoration and from the point of view of its influence on world architecture. Built more than 14 hundred years ago, needless to say it has lost a lot of its dazzling effects, but is still one of the most remarkable buildings of any time. In spite of the great structural and decorative changes that it has undergone and in spite of the different environmental conditions in which it is placed today, it still comes down to us close to its original form and continues to exert a great influence on any visitor. There have been many studies conducted on Haghia Sophia from the point of view of its structure, as a great structural feat from which architecture can still learn a lot, but also from the point of view of restoration in the hope of being able to protect this great edifice which is under constant danger of corrotion. Since its building in 537 in the era of Justinian, Hagia Sophia has undergone many restorations and constructions to protect its structure. Over time, its structure has undergone distortions due to seismic and other structural problems. Yet, for a building which has been alive since 1500 years its monumentality has not lost anything. History: Constantine who was urged by his mother to officially accept Christianity, moved the capital also away from Rome, because for several centuries Rome had suffered from the struggle against this new faith. -
Physical Culture in the Late Nineteenth Century and the Greek Philological Society of Constantinople Followed Suit in the Early Twentieth Century
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Strengthening Male Bodies and Building Robust Communities: Physical Culture in the Late Ottoman Empire A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in History by Murat Cihan Yıldız 2015 © Copyright by Murat Cihan Yıldız 2015 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Strengthening Male Bodies and Building Robust Communities: Physical Culture in the Late Ottoman Empire by Murat Cihan Yıldız Doctor of Philosophy in History University of California, Los Angeles, 2015 Professor James L. Gelvin, Chair This dissertation examines the making of modernity in the late Ottoman Empire by tracing the connections between sports, the body, male subject formation, nation building, and communal and imperial identity. It focuses on the development of a shared Ottoman physical culture amongst upper and middle-class Muslim, Christian, and Jewish men of Istanbul from the 1870s until World War I. My research draws from a diverse array of archives and primary sources written in Ottoman-Turkish, Armenian, Armeno- Turkish, French, English, German, and Greek, such as government reports and documents, school and association records, private correspondence, periodicals, books, and pamphlets, as well as vernacular photographs, in order to present an alternative understanding of cultural transformations and the historical linkages between different ethno-religious communities of the late Ottoman Empire. The central argument of this ii dissertation is that Muslims, Christians, and Jews of Istanbul engaged sports as a shared civic activity that offered benefits for the individual, community, and empire. This study investigates how Ottoman physical culture was underpinned by novel understandings of the body and implicated in larger debates and processes concerning the self, gender, ethno-religious communal identity, and the nation by pursuing three principle areas of inquiry. -
Associazione Italiana Di Studi Bizantini
Associazione Italiana di Studi Bizantini Venice, 20 July 2020 The Republic of Turkey’s recent decision to convert the Hagia Sophia museum back into a mosque marks a serious moment in contemporary history, and we should all be aware of this. When Hagia Sophia, a church dedicated to Divine Wisdom, was consecrated by Emperor Justinian in AD 537, it stood as the largest religious building in Christendom and as the most imposing architectural tribute ever paid to God by human ingenuity. The basilica soon became the centre of the Empire’s religious and political life: as the patriarchal see, Hagia Sophia housed all the solemnest ceremonies of Byzantine public life. In the 9th century, after the end of the Iconoclastic Controversy, its interior walls were adorned with figurative mosaic panels skilfully executed by refined craftsmen from Constantinople for the purpose of celebrating the sacred images as well as imperial sovereignty. In Hagia Sophia, whose dome stands as though suspended from the heavens, emperors were crowned; in Hagia Sophia, the splendour of the Orthodox liturgy led to the conversion of the Russian people; in Hagia Sophia, on the morning of 29 May 1453, the terrified people gathered for one last, desperate prayer; in Hagia Sophia Mehmed II made his triumphal entrance to take control of the whole city, which had its heart in the basilica. The Conqueror was amazed by the magnificence of the building – so much so that, according to our sources, he struck a soldier who, blinded with fanaticism, was shattering the marble floor. The year 1453 marked the beginning of a new course in Hagia Sophia’s history: like almost all churches in Constantinople, it was turned into a mosque. -
Byzantine Mosaics in Istanbul in Nineteenth-Century French Guide-Books Korpus Öncesi: 19
JMR 8, 2015 81-100 Before the Corpus: Byzantine Mosaics in Istanbul in Nineteenth-Century French Guide-Books Korpus Öncesi: 19. Yüzyıl Fransız Rehber Kitaplarında İstanbul Bizans Mozaikleri Helene MoRlieR* (Received 16 March 2015, accepted after revision 11 November 2015) Abstract The study of a series of nineteenth-century French guide-books shows the evolution of the art of travel: guide- books were first based on the experience of travellers and the documentation summarized by writers. Little by little, guide-books became more detailed and gave more accurate descriptions of the ornamentation of build- ings: art history replaced general impressions. Guide-books also witnessed the changes of mentalities on both sides: foreign visitors and local citizens. Keywords: Istanbul, guide-books, nineteenth-century travel, Byzantine church, art history. Öz 19. yüzyıla ait bir dizi Fransız rehber kitapları çalışması, seyahat sanatının gelişimini göstermektedir. Rehber kitaplar ilk olarak, seyyahların deneyimlerine ve yazarlarca özetlenen belgelere dayanmaktadır. Zaman geç- tikçe rehber kitaplar daha detaylı olmuş ve yapıların süslemeleri hakkında daha doğru tanımlamalar vermiştir: Sanat tarihi, genel izlenimlerin yerini almıştır. Rehber kitaplar aynı zamanda her iki tarafta yani yabancı zi- yaretçiler ve yerli vatandaşlar arasında zihniyet değişimlerine de tanık olmuştur Anahtar Kelimeler: İstanbul, rehber kitaplar, 19. yüzyıl seyahati, Bizans kilisesi, sanat tarihi. How did nineteenth-century guide-books pay attention to mosaics? What was written about them? How were they considered? The table (Fig. 1) recapitulates the publications of the main series of guide-books published during the nineteenth-century in the three main european languages used by travellers (French, english and German). As guide-books are too numerous to be studied comprehensively in this paper, i will focus on a forgotten series of guide-books published in French from the end of the eighteenth century up to the end of the First World War which included the Joanne guide-books.