Initial Environmental Examination

March 2011

India: Railway Sector Investment Program

Sambalpur-Titlagarh Doubling Subproject

Prepared by Ministry of Railway for the Asian Development Bank.

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 15 March 2011) Currency unit – Indian rupee (Rs) Rs1.00 = $0.22222 Rs 45.00 $1.00 =

ABBREVIATIONS

ACF Assistant Conservator of Forest ADB Asian Development Bank EIA environmental impact assessment EMoP environment monitoring plan EMP environment management plan ESDU Environment and Social Development Unit GIS geographic information system GOI Government of India GHG greenhouse gases HFL highest flood level IBS Intermittent Block Station ICAR Indian Council of Agricultural Research IEE initial environmental examination IS Indian Standard IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature Jn. junction (The term used by Indian Railways for the Stations where two or more lines meet) LHS Left Hand Side MoEF Ministry of Environment and Forests MOR Ministry of Railways NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standard NE northeast NGO non-governmental organization NH national highway NSDP National Strategic Development Program NOx oxides of nitrogen PF protected forest PHC public health centre PIU project implementation unit PPEs personal protective equipments PMC Project Management Consultant PWD Public Works Department RDSO Research Design and Standards Organization R&R resettlement and rehabilitation RF reserved forest RHS right hand side RoB road over bridge RoW right of way RSPM respirable suspended particulate matter RuB road under bridge

RVNL Rail Vikas Nigam Ltd. SDP state domestic product SEIA summary environmental impact assessment SIEE summary initial environmental examination SO2 oxides of sulphur SOI Survey of India SWR South-western Railways SPCB State Pollution Control Board SPM suspended particulate matter SPV special purpose vehicle SSE P.Way Senior Section Engineer (Pathway) SW south west UNDP United Nation Development Program

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

cum – cubic meter ha – hectare km – kilometer m – meter mm – millimeter

NOTE In this report, "$" refers to US dollars.

This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

TABLE OF CONTENT

Executive summary ...... 0-1 1. Introduction ...... 1-8 1.1. Project Background...... 1-8 1.2. Stage of Project Preparation ...... 1-8 1.3. Purpose of the Report ...... 1-8 1.4. Extent of IEE ...... 1-9 1.5. IEE Content ...... 1-9 1.6. Team Composition and Acknowledgements ...... 1-9 1.7. Methodology ...... 1-10 1.7.1. Data Collection...... 1-10 1.7.2. Onsite Monitoring and Strip Map Preparation ...... 1-11 1.7.3. Public Consultation ...... 1-11 1.7.4. Statutory Clearances Required ...... 1-12 2. Description of the Project ...... 2-1 2.1. Category of the Project ...... 2-1 2.2. Need for the Project ...... 2-1 2.3. Location and Characteristic of the Project Section ...... 2-2 2.4. Project Implementation Schedule and Cost ...... 2-3 2.5. Key Project Components and Activities...... 2-3 3. Description of the Environment ...... 3-1 3.1. Physical Environment ...... 3-1 3.1.1. Meteorology and Climate ...... 3-1 3.1.2. Natural Hazards ...... 3-3 3.1.3. Air Quality ...... 3-3 3.1.4. Noise and Vibration ...... 3-4 3.1.5. Physiography and Topography ...... 3-4 3.1.6. Geology and Seismicity ...... 3-5 3.1.7. Soil ...... 3-6 3.1.8. Water Resources ...... 3-7 3.2. Ecological Resources ...... 3-10 3.2.1. Terrestrial Ecology ...... 3-10 3.2.2. Aquatic Ecology ...... 3-15 3.3. Economic Development ...... 3-16 3.3.1. Industries ...... 3-16 3.3.2. Infrastructure Facilities ...... 3-17 Source: Orissa Tourism Department ...... 3-20 3.4. Social and Cultural Resources ...... 3-20 3.4.1. Population and Communities ...... 3-20 3.4.2. Health Facilities ...... 3-20 3.4.3. Education Facilities and Literacy ...... 3-21 3.4.4. Socio-Economic Conditions ...... 3-21 3.4.5. Current use of lands and resources for traditional purposes by Indigenous Peoples ...... 3-22 3.4.6. Structures or sites of historical, archaeological, paleontological, or architectural significance ...... 3-22 4. Anticipated Environmental Impacts and its Mitigation Measures ...... 4-1 4.1. Impact on Physical Environment ...... 4-1 4.1.1. Climate and Natural Hazard ...... 4-1 4.1.2. Air Quality ...... 4-2 4.1.3. Noise and Vibration ...... 4-5 i Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

4.1.4. Impact on Land and Soil ...... 4-6 4.1.5. Water Resources ...... 4-12 4.2. Impact on Biological Environment ...... 4-15 4.2.1. Terrestrial Ecology ...... 4-15 4.2.2. Aquatic Ecology ...... 4-20 4.3. Socio-Economic Impact ...... 4-21 4.4. Accident Risk and Safety ...... 4-22 4.5. Impacts due to Construction Camp ...... 4-23 4.6. Impacts due to Proposed Residential Buildings ...... 4-24 4.7. Impact on Existing Common Property Resources/Utilities ...... 4-24 4.8. Right-of –Way Maintenance ...... 4-25 4.9. Forest Fires ...... 4-26 4.10. Fuel management ...... 4-26 4.11. Waste Management (Solid waste, Waste Water and Hazardous Materials) 4-26 4.12. Occupational Health and safety ...... 4-27 4.12.1. Rail Operation ...... 4-27 4.12.2. Maintenance of Rolling Stock ...... 4-27 4.12.3. Community Health and safety ...... 4-28 5. Environmental Management Plan and Grievance Redress Mechanism ...... 5-1 5.1. Environmental Management Plan (EMP) ...... 5-1 5.1.1. Mitigation of Potentially adverse impacts ...... 5-1 5.1.2. Integration of EMP with Project planning, design, construction and operation ...... 5-1 5.1.3. Authorities and Their Responsibilities for Implementation of the EMP ...... 5-2 5.1.4. Social development program ...... 5-2 5.1.5. Contingency Response Plan ...... 5-2 5.1.6. Environmental Monitoring Program (EMoP) ...... 5-2 5.1.7. Mechanisms for Feedback and Adjustment ...... 5-3 5.2. Institutional Arrangement ...... 5-3 5.3. Grievance Redress Mechanism ...... 5-5 6. Public Consultation and Information Disclosure ...... 6-1 6.1. Consultation Method Applied ...... 6-1 6.2. Public Consultation Milestones ...... 6-1 6.3. Information disclosed ...... 6-4 6.4. Compliance with Relevant Regulatory Requirements ...... 6-4 6.5. Major Comments Received ...... 6-5 6.5.1. Proponents’ Comments: ...... 6-5 6.5.2. Beneficiaries’ Comments ...... 6-5 6.5.3. Government Regulators’ Comments ...... 6-6 6.5.4. Other Stakeholders’ Comments...... 6-6 6.6. Integration of Comments into the IEE ...... 6-7 6.7. Post IEE Public Participation and Information Disclosure ...... 6-7 7. Findings, Recommendations and Conclusions ...... 7-1 7.1. Findings and Recommendations ...... 7-1 7.2. Conclusions ...... 7-3

List of Tables Table 1: Project Activities and Improvement Works ...... 0-2 Table 1.1 : Details of Project Sections ...... 1-8 Table 1.2 : Information Collected and Sources ...... 1 -10 Table 2.1 : Name and Locations of the Existing Stations ...... 2-2

ii Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Table 2.2 : Location of Switchovers ...... 2-3 Table 2.3 : Block section wise Earth Work (Cum) ...... 2-4 Table 2.4 : Block Section Wise Ballast Requirement ...... 2-5 Table 2.5 : Block Section wise Length of Side Drains ...... 2-6 Table 2.6 : Summary of Station wise Proposed Activities ...... 2-6 Table 2.7 : Details of Proposed Residential and Service Buildings ...... 2-7 Table 2.8 : Major construction Materials, its Source and Distance ...... 2-8 Table 3.1 : Vulnerability Index for Natural Hazards ...... 3-3 Table 3.2 : Ambient Air Quality in the Project Area ...... 3-3 Table 3.3 : Noise Level in dB (A) in the Project Area ...... 3-4 Table 3.4 : Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Soil ...... 3-6 Table 3.5 : Groundwater Quality in the Project Area ...... 3-8 Table 3.6 : List of Water Bodies along the Project Corridor ...... 3-9 Table 3.7 : Surface Water Quality in the Project Area ...... 3 -10 Table 3.8 : Presence of Reserved Forest along the Project Site ...... 3 -11 Table 3.9 : Approximate No. of Trees within proposed ROW ...... 3 -13 Table 3.10 : List of Endangered Mammals found In the Forest Area Close to the Project Alignment ...... 3 -14 Table 3.11 : Fish Species in Different Rivers/ Water Bodies ...... 3 -15 Table 3.12 : Major Industries along the Project corridor ...... 3 -17 Table 3.13 : Transport infrastructure in the Project District ...... 3 -17 Table 3.14 : Land use within 200m along the Project Section ...... 3 -18 Table 3.15 : Share of Different Crops in Orissa ...... 3 -19 Table 3.16 : List of Operational Mines in the Project Districts ...... 3 -19 Table 3.17 : List of Important Tourist Spots in the Project Districts ...... 3 -20 Table 3.18 : Demographic Profile of the State and the Project Districts ...... 3-20 Table 3.19 : Health Facilities in the State and Project Districts ...... 3 -21 Table 3.20 : Educational Facilities in the State and Project Districts ...... 3-21 Table 3.21 : Different Category of Workers in the State and Project Districts...... 3-21 Table 4.1 : Total Agricultural Land loss and Net sown Area in the Project District...... 4-6 Table 4.2 : Details of Acquisition in Forest areas ...... 4 -15 Table 4.3 : Shifting Locations for Electrical and Telephone Lines ...... 4-24 Table 5.1 : Training and Awareness Programmes ...... 5-6

List of Figures Figure 3.1 : Annual Rainfall Pattern in the State and Project Districts (2000-2004) ...... 3-2 Figure 3.2 : Temperature Variation at IMD Stations in the Project Area (2006) ...... 3-2 Figure 3.3 : Relative Humidity Variation at IMD Stations in the Project Area...... 3-2 Figure 3.4 : Formation Level at Stations ...... 3-5 Figure 3.5 Land use Pattern within 2km around the Railway Track ...... 3-18 Figure 4.1 : Land Use Map (2 Km either side of the track) ...... 4-7 Figure 4.2 : Movement Path of Elephants along/across the Railway line ...... 4-17 Figure 4.3 :Movement Path of Elephants along/across the Railway line on Google Image ...... 4 -18 Figure 4.4 : Photographs of Retro-Reflective Boards placed in Goelekera- Manoharpur section ...... 4 -19 Figure 5.1 Proposed Organisation Structure ...... 5-5

List of Appendix Appendix 2.1 A: Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist ...... I Appendix 2.2 : List of Major Bridges ...... IV Appendix 2.3 : Highest Flood Level at Water Crossings ...... VI

iii Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Appendix 3.1 : National Ambient Air Quality Standards ...... VII Appendix 3.2 : Noise Level Limits of GOI (In Leq db(A)) ...... VIII Appendix 3.3 : Drinking Water Standards And Probable Effects on Human Health (BIS: IS: 10500, 1991) ...... IX Appendix 3.4 : Water Quality Criteria And Standards for Freshwater Classification (CPCB, 1979) ...... XII Appendix 3.5 : List of Mammals ...... XIII Appendix 3.6 : List of Reptiles ...... XIV Appendix 3.7 : List of Amphibians ...... XIV Appendix 3.8 : List of Birds ...... XVI Appendix 3.9 : List of flora ...... XIX Appendix 3.10 :Participatory Rural appraisal for wild life movement assessment ...... XXIV Appendix 3.11 : Elephants’ habitats in india and their BEHAVIOuRAL aspects ...... XXVII Appendix 3.12 :Elephant CENSUS results 2010 ...... XXXI Appendix 4.1: GUIDELINES FOR BORROW AREAS Management ...... XXXIII Appendix 5.1: ENVIRONMENTAL Management Plan ...... XXXVI Appendix 5.2 Procedure for obtaining Forest Clearance ...... LV Appendix 5.3: Environmental Monitoring Plan ...... LVI

List of Maps

Map 1: Location Map of Sub-project (Sambalpur – Titlagarh) ...... v Map 2: View of Existing and Proposed Alignment ...... vi

List of Plates Plate 2.1: Takeoff Point - Sambalpur Jn. Plate 2.2: Terminating Point- Titlagarh Jn. Plate 2.3: Sharpest curve Near Power channel Plate 3.1: Illustrating Tableland Topography of the region Plate 3.2: Small Hill range near Sikir Plate 3.3: Exposed rock surface near Plate 3.4: Showing abundance of Red soil Plate 3.5: Inside view of Negipalli Reserve Forest Plate 3.6: Barghati Reserve forest near track Plate 3.7: Forest near Badmal Rly Stn Plate 3.8: Patch of Secondary Forest near Sikir Plate 3.9: An Oriole in the Negipali Reserved Plate 3.10: Egret & Heron near Khaliapali Plate 4.1& 4.2: Showing uncontrolled Borrowing in the Project area Plate 4.3: Leakage of used oil through Diesel Locomotives observed along the Project Corridor Plate 5.1: Consultation near Mahanadi River Plate 5.2: Consultation with passengers at Loisinga Plate 5.3: Consultation with fisherman near Hirakud Backwater reservoir and Mahanadi Plate 5.4: Consultation near Elephant movement corridor

iv Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Map 1: Location Map of Sub-project (Sambalpur – Titlagarh)

v Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Map 2: View of Existing and Proposed Alignment

vi Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

0. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Introduction 1. Ministry of Railways (MoR), Govt. of India (GoI) has sought financial assistance from the Asian Development Bank (ADB) for a major rail up- gradation project involving doubling of 4 single rail sections and electrification of one existing railway line totalling 1500 Km along saturated corridors in Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Orissa. . Asian Development Bank (ADB) initiated TA No. 4898 (IND) to assist MoR for preparing Railway Sector Investment Program for possible financing of above rail up-gradation project. This executive summary pertains to the doubling of existing railway track between Sambalpur – Titlagarh (about 182 Km in length) under East Coast Railways. The location of this sub- project is shown at Map 2 & 3. 2. The project aims to alleviate the capacity constraints of already saturated existing single lines, which have considerable significance in bulk freight transport of various commodities. The project on its implementation would increase the physical infrastructure and increase the capacity and the operational efficiency of the existing tracks with introduction of modern signalling systems. 3. As part of above TA, Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) has been carried out in accordance with country’s applicable laws, regulations and in consistent to ADB’s Environmental Assessment Guidelines 2003, and Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS) 2009. The IEE is conducted since project is categorised as Category ‘B’. 4. The IEE is conducted at pre feasibility stage and as per the details provided by the executing agency Rail Vikash Nigam Limited (RVNL), an arm of Ministry of Railways, certain changes may occur in structural components but these changes are unlikely to cause significant environmental impacts. 5. The corridor of impact is considered as 100 m on either side from the edge of the existing rail embankment in the block-sections including around other development and activity areas like near station, construction camps. Strip mapping indicating environmental features along the corridor up to 500 m on either side is carried out to assess the impact on existing environmental features/resources/utilities in the immediate vicinity. In addition, land use map of 2 km buffer was prepared to illustrate the surrounding land use pattern particularly forest areas which may undergo changes. 6. This rail link is one of the important routes connecting the southern region with central and northern part of the country and is currently heavily saturated. The doubling will support the additional traffic generated due to commission of other newer rail sections and also will boost the economy of the region Statutory Clearances Required 7. As per Environment Impact Assessment Notification S.O.1533 (E), dated 15th September, 2006 promulgated under umbrella legislation Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, the environmental clearance is not required either for new or improvement of any railways project. However, project will require forest clearance for diversion of forests land and cutting of trees. In addition to above, permission for ground water extraction for construction and domestic purposes will be required. Prior consent will also be required from state pollution control board, for setting 0-1 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

up hot mix plant , crusher Water ( Prevention and Control of Pollution ) Act 1974 and Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1981, during construction stage.

Project Description 8. The project section is located in the state of Orissa of India traversing through Sambalpur, Bargarh, Sonepur and Bolangir districts. The geographical attributes are Latitude 21°28’57” N to 20°17’57” N and longitude 83°57’34”E to 83°07’48” E. 9. The section starts at Km. 562.9 from the centre of the Sambalpur station building and terminates at chainage Km 744.4 near the Titlagarh Station Yard covering the total length of 181.485 Km. Major part (96.9 km) of the corridor falls in the Bolangir district. The doubling length of track in Sambalpur, Bargarh and Sonepur districts are 35.3 Km, 36.5 Km and 12.8 Km respectively. There are 15 stations in this project section. Important among them are Sambalpur, Bargarh Road, Bolangir and Titlagarh. 10. The key project activities will involve laying of formation for double track, construction of new bridges, RuB and RoB. Other important activities are (i) gradient and curve improvement, (ii) construction of side drains, (iii) shifting of existing roads at certain locations and construction of approach roads near bridge locations, (iv) dismantling, renovation (levelling, extension, up-gradation) or new construction of platforms, (v) dismantling/ construction of foot over bridges, (vi) dismantling /building of the loops, (vii) construction of quarters for staffs with all basic amenities. Temporary workshops, offices and construction camps may also be set up at different places. All project activities and improvement works is summarised at Table 1 below

Table 1: Project Activities and Improvement Works Particulars Proposed activities and Improvement vis-a vis existing line

Gauge • Gauge Width: 1.676 m. • Distance between tracks: 5.9 m Alignment • Mostly along the existing alignment with switchover at nine locations Gradient • Ruling gradient normally will be 1 in 150, which will be 1 in 400 or even more flatter in yard sections to avoid the heavy remodelling of the yard. Curve • Presently the degree of curvature varies from 10 to 20. Curve Improvement is proposed to the maximum extent. The transition curves are designed for max 95 km/h & minimum 75 km/h speed. • Formation width in plain areas: 6.85 m Rail • Formation width in hill cutting areas: 9.25m (including drain) bed/embankment • Side slopes in Plain: 2:1 formation • Side slopes in hill cutting area: 1:1 • Blanketing: with moorum of 100 cm thickness & turfing on the slopes. • Compaction: Mechanical compaction at optimum moisture content. • Stone pitching and other protective measures are proposed near bridge approaches and vulnerable stretches. • Earthwork: a) banking: 45, 91000 cum, blanketing : 5, 24,460 cum • Ballast: Hard crushed stone ballast of 50mm size with 300mm ballast cushion for mainline and 250mm for loops and sidings. Bridges • No new river training structures is proposed except widening & strengthening the existing one. • New bridges along existing 42 major bridges and 395 minor bridges have to be constructed during the doubling.

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Particulars Proposed activities and Improvement vis-a vis existing line

• No. of spans will be the same except at bridge no. 329 and 235 where one extra span has been proposed considering the discharge volume. RuBs/ RoBs, • All existing ROB/RUB has to be upgraded with new proposal for larger Level Crossings span since most of the RoB’s are for single track. and Approach • 3nos of unmanned level crossing are proposed to be converted to ROB Roads & RUB as per site condition. • Provision of approach roads, surfacing of level crossings between gates, road users warning boards, whistle boards and fencing on the approach on either end are proposed. Side drains • Presently, side drains are only available in few sections. The project will require construction of new side drains of about 31.2 Km length. Stations • Provision of 5 new Intermediate Block Stations at Km .613.74, Km.633.45, Km.669.950, Km.691.700, and Km.706.540. Residential • Staff quarters are proposed at Sambalpur, Bargarh, Bolangir and Quarters and Titlagarh. Service • station building at Sukutapali, and service buildings at required buildings locations Dismantling • Involved at some stations for different reasons. All the dismantled material can be sold off or reused for filling or other construction activities except asbestos roof sheets which will be disposed off in scientifically acceptable manner. Land • Total land requirement is 59.01 acres. Out of this, 40.262 acres is Requirement government Land, 16.234 acres is private land and 2.511 acres is under forest.

Description of Environment 11. The Project passes through four districts Bolangir, Sambalpur, Bargarh and Sonepur of Orissa and has tropical climate characterized by high temperature, high humidity, and medium to high rainfall and short and mild winters. In summer, the temperature rises up to 48° C in May and heat wave condition prevails during extreme summer. The average annual rainfall at Sambalpur, Sonepur/ Bolangir and Bargarh, is 1443.5 mm, 1287 mm, 1155.2 mm respectively. Predominant wind direction in the project area is South-West and North-West. 12. The project districts are not vulnerable to any major risk due to natural hazard other than drought, which is very common in the area, particularly in Bolangir district. All the four project districts are located in the Zone II (Minimum damage risk) and Zone III. (Moderate Damage risk). 13. Physiographically, the project area falls under central tableland characterized by varying land profile viz. fertile valleys, plains and hilly lands. The land profile along the project corridor in all the four project districts is in general, undulating except some sections between Khaliapalli-Loisinga-Bolangir Stations. The average elevation of the entire rail section is 176.0 m. 14. The land use along the project corridor is predominantly agricultural (approx.40%) and barren land (approx.18% mostly within railway right-of- way). Rest of the area is shared by forests and rocky land, settlement and water bodies. 15. A number of rivers, rivulets, drain the project districts. Majority of them are tributaries (Ong, Jira and SukTel) of Mahanadi River running east west of the project corridor. However, none of these rivers flow parallel to the track. The surface water quality of these rivers is suitable for standards

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prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) Class D and E. Ground water is principally used for drinking and domestic purposes in the study area The highest water table depth is in Bolangir (80-100m bgl) followed by Bargarh and Sonapur (50-60 bgl). The water table is comparatively at shallow depth in Sambalpur district (20-30mbgl) due to its proximity to Mahanadi River and Hirakud reservoir. 16. There are no National Parks, wild life sanctuaries, tiger reserves, bird sanctuaries or elephant reserves in the project area. However, the entire sub project section either passes through/touches/located nearby by altogether 11 reserved forests. The forest cover is found to be maximum in Sambalpur followed by Bargarh, Sonepur and Bolangir, which are 3276 Km2, 869 Km2, 308 Km2 and 951 Km2 respectively. Under the Sambalpur (South) Forest Division there are two forest reserves, Laxmidungri Reserved Forest and Chandlidungri Reserve Forest touching the sub project rail section at near Km. 565.00- Km. 566.00 and Km.574.00-Km. 577.00 respectively. Under the Bargarh Forest Division, the track is passing close to the Barahguda reserved forest at Km. 599 - Km. 600. In the Bolangir (East) forest division, railway track traverse through the Negipali Reserved Forest from chainage Km 652.00 to Km 654.00, Matkhai Reserved Forest from chainage Km. 683.00-Km. 690.00, Banji Reserved Forest from chainage 692-694 and Sunadki Reserved Forest from chainage Km. 696-Km. 697. In the Bolangir (West) Forest Division the railway track traverse through Barnei Reserved Forest from Km. 706- 710, Samara Reserved Forest from Km. 706- Km. 710 and Barghati Reserved Forest at Km. 705. Existence of endangered or threatened flora and fauna in these reserved forest areas is minimal. Some of these RF are important passes of elephant movement. The Asian elephant habited in the Bolangir (east forest Areas) regularly visit the Barpahar/Negipali reserve forest in search of food, mineral and water. They cross the railway track between Khaliapalli and Loisinga Station during the month of April – June. Considering the existence of many reserved forests and elephant passes within the project area a separate ecological study has been carried out. Outcome of this study included in the report and also annexed (appendix 3.5 and 3.12) to this report. 17. There are approximately 12,453 trees within proposed ROW out of which maximum of 4000 needs to be cut. None of the tree to be cut belongs to endangered category as per Botanical Survey of India. Altogether 38 mammals, 15 amphibian and 24 reptile species are found in the project districts. Out of them, five mammalian species and one reptile species belongs to the schedule I under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. Despite abundant water bodies in the project area, large scale/organized fishing was not observed along the project road due to their seasonal behavior. Organised/large scale fishing is limited to Mahanadi River and Hirakud reservoir. Nearly all the fishes are local migrants in nature and use any portion of river for that purpose. 18. The economy of the project districts is primarily agricultural. In the project districts, Kharif is the main cropping season and rice is the principal crop during kharif season. The other crops are, cotton, sugarcane, lentils, maize, wheat, potatoes, Banana etc. The major industries along the project corridor are that of Aluminium, Galvanizing, Cement, Sugar and Molasses, Milk and by products, The percentage of working population in all the project districts ranges from 40.7 to 44.0%. Cultivators and agricultural labourers together constitute more than 77% of population in all districts except Sambalpur where urban population is more than that of all other districts. Tribal population in the project area is mainly 0-4 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

concentrated near Barapalli, Sikir, Saintala, and Negipali and other forest areas. Public Consultation and Information Disclosure 19. All government officials (Forest, Pollution Control Board, Geology, Soil & Agriculture, PWD/NH etc.) and public consulted welcome the decision of doubling. Forest officials informed about the movement of elephants near Khaliapalli Station and suggested for adequate measures to avoid their accident. Regional officer, State Pollution Control Board acquainted about the existing baseline environment and operational quarries. Officials of Public Works Department, National Highway division were consulted for existing traffic scenario (both passenger and bulk freight) along adjoining National Highways. They recognized the significance of doubling of railway for reduced energy consumption, time, accident rate and tariff. 20. The project received support and consent from most of local people. The local people did not perceive any adverse impact due to the proposed project. Environmental awareness and likewise concern were found generally low. NGO’s have welcomed it for the overall development of the area and likely fuel saving due to shift of road traffic. Even the people and NGOs has expressed that this is a much needed development for passenger movement and overall development of the area especially when the western part of the state of Orrisa is considered by them comparatively less developed

Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures 21. The finding of IEE indicates that the project is unlikely to cause significant adverse environmental impacts. While some of the impacts are negative, there are many bearing benefits to the area. Most of the impacts are likely to occur during construction stage and are temporary in nature. Some impacts require design considerations and are suitably addressed 22. About 4000 trees are likely to be cut which will have minor to negligible impact on microclimate of the region. This would be compensated through tree plantation on 1:3 ratio. Water logging or flood may damage the track if due consideration not given in the areas identified as low lying or in high flood risk zone like Bargarh or Sambalpur district. HFL levels and 100 years flood return data shall be considered while designing the formation height and bridge designs. Adequate cross drainage structures shall be provided wherever incidents of water logging are identified. Air quality with respect to dust (SPM, RSPM) & gaseous emissions (SOx, NOx) may be affected for short duration in and around the construction site due to various construction activities and vehicular movement. Water sprinkling to control dust, movement and storage in covered vehicles/areas, changing the location and timing of construction activities and maintenance of equipments, temporary barriers, use of PPEs by workers will minimize these impacts. Impact to land will be mitigated by restricting movement of construction vehicles, machinery and equipment on pre defined haulage road, using Govt. wasteland/upland for borrow areas and, compliance to national laws and regulations for borrow areas. Erosion along banks shall be checked through vegetation. The piling work will be undertaken during low flow period. No construction camp shall be set up near any surface water body. To prevent stress on already depleting ground water resources, contractor will ensure optimal use of ground water. To augment the groundwater, water-harvesting structures will be constructed wherever technically feasible. Impacts from construction sites

0-5 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

will be mitigated by constructing these away from forest areas, water bodies etc. All construction camp shall be provided with all basic infrastructures in terms of sanitary facilities, solid waste and sewage disposal and storm water management and health-care facilities etc. No negative social impact is envisaged except minor land acquisition (4.81 ha) and establishment loss. The unsafe/ hazardous traffic conditions may be minimised/avoided by providing PPEs to workers, adequate signage at construction sites, regulating traffic and maintaining all safety measures at level crossings. 23. The elephant movement passage will be maintained to ensure safe passage even if the frequency of movement is limited. All control measures like retro reflective caution board for driver, speed control; regular communication with forests department will shall be maintained. 24. During Operation phase, the main impacts will be noise and vibrations from the train movement. However, with limited number of train movement, the impulsive noise peaks will be low and within the acceptable limits. However, to prevent any adverse impact at sensitive receptors the measures include creation of noise barriers by multilayered plantations and Speed limitations at these locations. There will be positive impact of the project in terms of reduction of load on existing road particularly in bulk freight transport resulting in reduced fuel consumption beset with decrease in CO2 emission up to 392 tonnes/day as per broad calculations. Use of low sulphur diesel and use of energy efficient locomotives will further reduce the gaseous emissions. Periodic checking of stabilization measures so that timely corrective can be taken to arrest soil erosion if any. Measures like regular checks will be done along the alignment to ensure that flow of water is maintained through cross drains and other channels to avoid their blockage/ choking. This will also prevent surface water contamination. Uncontrolled disposable of all types of waste (solid/domestic effluent/hazardous waste) likely to be generated during operation phase of the project may cause pollution of land/soil, water etc. This will be mitigated through solid waste recycling program, connection of floor drains to wastewater treatment system; pre-treatment of effluents meeting the discharge norms; use of aqueous detergent and water based paints and use of trackmats to retain wayside grease and other contaminants. The recommended mitigative measures/actions for safety aspects during operation phase includes training for workers in personal track safety procedures, use of PPEs, provision of adequate ventilation in locomotive shops, scheduling rest periods, regular inspection and maintenance of the rail lines. The risks due to transport of hazardous materials can be mitigated by proper screening, labelling of containers and preparation of spill prevention and control and emergency preparedness and responsive plans. The elephant movement passage shall be maintained. All suggested measures like installation of caution boards, communication with forests department should be implemented to prevent any animal accident. 25. The effective implementation of environmental management plan will facilitate in minimising the environmental impact to acceptable levels. It is expected that the proposed doubling will enhance the traffic scenario by providing high speed, safe and reliable, economical and all weather train service. 26. Post Environmental Assessment Surveillance and Monitoring is essential to sustain the effectiveness of the mitigative measures suggested. A detailed monitoring plan has been prepared as part of the Environmental

0-6 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Management Plan. The focus areas of monitoring covers air, surface water quality, ground water quality, noise, soil erosion, drainage congestion and tree survival rate. The reporting requirements along with the follow up actions in case of deviation from the norms have been detailed out as a part of EMP. The frequency has been set in consideration of the likely impacts Environmental Management Plan and Grievance Redress Mechanism 27. The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is prepared to facilitate effective implementation of recommended mitigations measures with defined roles and responsibility, regulatory compliance requirements, stages of implementation with location, time frame and costs and included as appendix 5.1 to this report. All the policy decisions, including incorporation of the EMP requirements shall be the responsibility of the executing authority RVNL (the Executing Agency) while the its environmental field officer to be designated at corporate and PIU level shall ensure that the environmental mitigation actions are implemented as per the contract document. RVNL will review the EMP and include the proposed mitigation measures in the project design as required. It will also be ensured that the EMP requirements are included as ‘Bill of Quantity ( BOQ)’ in all bidding documents and operating contracts. The environmental monitoring programme is prepared with aim to monitor the environmental performance of environmental management plan and included in this report as appendix 5.2. The institutional capacity building measures including training and awareness shall be implemented as proposed under EMP. Grievance redress mechanism is defined under EMP to address various concern/grievances from local/affected people which may come up time to time during implementation of the project.

Conclusion and Recommendations

28. The project activity does not cause any significant adverse environmental impact. The effective implementation of environmental management plan will facilitate in minimising the environmental impact to acceptable level. However, the institutional and capacity strengthening measures shall be implemented for the same. All attempts shall be made to minimise cutting of the trees in the forest areas. The timely actions shall be needed for obtaining the permissions for cutting of trees or diversion of forestland for non-forest purposes. No additional studies or need of undertaking detailed EIA is envisaged at this stage. 29. Any major changes during detailed design or any major additional work other than the proposed project activities will require preparation of another environmental assessment. This additional assessment will have to be submitted to concerned Government authorities, if any clearance is involved. It shall also have to be sent to ADB for concurrence before civil works commence. Moreover, the executing agencies have to submit the detailed engineering designs to ADB, which will be reviewed by them and examine whether major changes or major additional works have been included.

0-7 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Project Background 1. Ministry of Railways (MoR), Govt. of India (GoI) has sought financial assistance from the Asian Development Bank (ADB) for a major rail up-gradation project involving doubling of 4 single rail sections and electrification of one existing railway line totalling 1500Km along saturated corridors in Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Orissa. Asian Development Bank (ADB) initiated TA No. 4898 (IND) to assist MoR for preparing Railway Sector Investment Program for possible financing of above rail up- gradation project. 2. The project aims to alleviate the capacity constraints of already saturated existing single lines, which have considerable significance in bulk freight transport of various commodities. The project on its implementation would increase the physical infrastructure and increase the capacity and the operational efficiency of the existing tracks with introduction of modern signalling systems. 3. The details of different rail sections considered for doubling and electrification under this project are given in Table 1.1.

Table 1.1 : Details of Project Sections Corridors Length State Electrification of Pune-Guntakul Maharashtra, Karnataka 641.00 section of Mumbai-Chennai main line and Andhra Pradesh Doubling of Hospet -Tinai Ghat 245.00 Karnataka Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh 182.00 Orissa Doubling of Raipur-Titlagarh 203.00 Chhattisgarh and Orissa Doubling of Daund- Gulbarga Section 225.00 Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh 4. As part of above TA, Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) has been carried out in accordance with country’s applicable laws, regulations and in consistent to ADB’s Environmental Assessment Guidelines 2003, and Safeguard Policy Statement ( SPS) 2009. The IEE is conducted since project is categorised as Category ‘B’. 5. This report pertains to Sambalpur-Titlagarh Section. The location and proposed alignment of this sub- project is shown in Map 1 & 2 respectively. 1.2. Stage of Project Preparation 6. Following preliminary engineering-cum traffic survey report preparation, the sub-projects are identified and this Project Preparation Technical Assistance (PPTA) is initiated, thus the analysis being undertaken is at the detailed engineering design preparation stage. 1.3. Purpose of the Report 7. The purpose of the study is to carry out environmental assessment of the proposed up-gradation of railway section to identify environmental issues associated with project design, construction and operation stages and suggest requisite measures to mitigate them. The impacts are identified for physical, biological (terrestrial,

1-8 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

and aquatic) and social environment. The study also includes preparation of environmental management and monitoring plan to minimise these impacts and sustain the benefits. It also identifies the applicable legislative requirements; safeguard requirements of funding agency and institutional mechanism for effective implementation of EMP and EMoP. 1.4. Extent of IEE 8. The extent of IEE study has been considered based on the spatial extent (elaborated in project description chapter) of the project section and the proposed activities. The IEE is conducted at pre feasibility stage and as per the details provided by the executing agency Rail Vikash Nigam Limited (RVNL)1, an arm of Ministry of Railways. Certain changes may occur in structural components but these changes are unlikely to cause significant environmental impacts. 9. The corridor of impact is considered as 100 m on either side from the edge of the existing rail embankment in the block-sections including around other development and activity areas like near station, construction camps. Strip mapping indicating environmental features along the corridor up to 500 m on either side is carried out to assess the impact on existing environmental features/resources/utilities in the immediate vicinity. In addition, land use map of 2 km buffer was prepared to illustrate the surrounding land use pattern particularly forest areas which may undergo Changes. The environmental assessment covers all project related activities such as site clearance (tree cutting, hill cutting, shifting of utilities etc.), construction activities including material sourcing (borrowing, quarrying, and transportation) and operation (movement of locomotives). Attempt is also made to assess CDM (carbon credit) benefits. 1.5. IEE Content 10. This report is presented in seven chapters in line with ADB’s 2003 EA Guidelines. The following chapters are included in the report Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Description of Project Chapter 3: Description of Environment ( baseline data) Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures Chapter 5: Public Consultation and Information Disclosure Chapter 6: Environmental management plan and Grievance Redress Mechanism Chapter 7: Conclusions and Recommendations.

1.6. Team Composition and Acknowledgements 11. The environmental assessment is carried out by Mr. S. K. Jain (Environment Specialist) with support from other subject specialist from EQMS India Pvt. Ltd. Delhi, India and other and field team members. The environmental team acknowledges the support

1 RVNL is a special purpose vehicle formed by Ministry of Railways, Govet of India to undertake project development mobilisation of financial resources and implement railways projects 1-9 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

extended by RVNL, Railway officials of Sambalpur division of East Coast Railways (ECoR), State pollution Control Board (SPCB) Regional office, officials of respective forest divisions and other state Govt. organisations. 1.7. Methodology 12. The IEE study has been carried out using (i) review of existing data (ii) reconnaissance survey, (iii) primary and secondary base line data collection and (iv) consultation with stakeholders. 1.7.1. Data Collection 13. The objective of data collection was to provide a database on existing conditions, to be used for predicting the likely changes that are expected and for monitoring such changes. The first step was to undertake a project scoping exercise, identifying the parameters that needed to be considered for the study and to outline the activities for collecting data on each parameter. Data were collected for physical, ecological and socio-economic environment both through primary and secondary sources. 14. The sources of data were identified and relevant existing data from authentic secondary sources was collected. The most relevant information collected along with sources and reasons are listed at Table 1.2. Table 1.2 : Information Collected and Sources Mode of Data Collection Environmental Parameters Information Sources Used for Secondary Primary

Project location, project TA Engineering Project objectives, and project key √ Consultant, RVNL Description activities and Impact Engineering details of RVNL, South – Eastern Assessment existing single line and Railway (Raipur Division) √ proposed doubling and Final Location Survey (FLS) Consultant Land Use/ Land Cover Survey of India (SoI) Baseline Toposheet and Strip assessment, √ √ mapping during field Impact survey assessment, Forest areas details viz, Regulatory Divisional Forest Office, flora, fauna, endangered Compliance Raipur, Mahasumud and species, movement path, √ √ assessment, Nawapara and South compensatory afforestation Developing Balangir etc. Environmental Enumeration of trees enumeration during field Management √ survey Monitoring Climatic Condition Envis Website Plan √ (www.envisorissa.org), , Mat Department, Raipur Drainage Pattern √ Toposheet and field √ observation Air √ SPCB, Regional Office √ Sambalpur Noise Onsite Monitoring and √ √ SPCB Regional Office

Water √ Analysis of Field Samples

1-10 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Mode of Data Collection Environmental Parameters Information Sources Used for Secondary Primary

Soil Quality √ State Soil Department Baseline Geology Mines and Geology √ assessment, Department, Orissa Impact Socio-economic assessment, Environment Different Govt. Regulatory agencies/civic bodies, Compliance Official websites assessment, √ √ maintained by state Govt. Developing and Public Consultation Environmental during the Field survey Management Monitoring Plan, 1.7.2. Onsite Monitoring and Strip Map Preparation 15. Onsite monitoring/sampling was conducted for noise, water and soil quality to establish the baseline condition of the area. Secondary data on air quality available with SPCB was used for the study. 16. For easy reference strip maps were prepared delineating following environmental feature within 500m either side of the track and used for impact assessment and developing mitigative measures; • Water bodies • Settlement areas, • Forest areas along the alignment (along with movement path of wild animals) • Geologically unstable areas • Noise sensitive locations • Existing industries • Common physical resources like hand pumps, wells, temples etc 1.7.3. Public Consultation 17. Consultations with stakeholders are intended to maximise and optimise the project benefits and to reduce or mitigate the possible and probable impacts to valued environment components. Local anecdotal knowledge about the eco system and problems associated with the existing rail line were carefully recorded and used in impact assessment. 18. Focused consultations were conducted during reconnaissance site visit in July 2008 and detailed field survey in August-September 2008 with various stakeholders ranging from Govt. officials, local people, passengers, fishermen and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) to know the level of project acceptability, understand their concerns, apprehensions, and overall opinion. Informal meetings, interviews were organized covering the entire project stretch. Participant’s views were gathered with regard to existing baseline environmental condition, source of construction material, perceived benefit, perceived losses, economic development, and impact on flora and fauna, land use, ambient air quality, water availability, social aspects, safety off people and animals due to proposed project activities. Information gathered 1-11 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

were integrated in project design and formulating mitigation measures and environmental management plan.

1.7.4. Statutory Clearances Required 19. The project will require certain permission/clearances under environmental related laws in India. The applicable environmental laws are defined below 1.7.4.1 Environmental Clearance 20. Environmental clearance requirement for a project in India is defined under Environment Impact Assessment Notification S.O.1533 (E); dated 15th September 2006 promulgated under umbrella legislation Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. As per the above notification, environmental clearance is not required either for new or improvement of any railways project. 1.7.4.2 Forest clearance for felling of trees and Diversion of Forest Land 21. The project envisages felling of trees and diversion of 2.511 ha of forest cover. This will necessitate obtaining permission/clearance under Forest (Conservation) Act 1980 amended 1988 for cutting of trees and diversion of forests land2. 1.7.4.3 Permissions/NOC/Clearances prior to Construction 22. Apart from Forest Clearance, permission for groundwater abstraction for construction and domestic purposes will be required. 23. During construction stage the contractor will be required to obtain Consent to establish for setting up Hot Mix Plant , Crusher, bathing plant under Water ( Prevention and Control of Pollution ) Act 1974 and Air ( Prevention and Control of Pollution ) Act 1981. He will also have to obtain Authorisation for Storage & disposal of Hazardous waste under Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling) Rules 2000. State Pollution Control Board grants all the above permission.

2 Clearance is granted by different level of athourities depending on extent of forest land to be diverted. This bifurcation is as follows: (i) > 20 hectares by Central Govt. Ministry of Environment & Forests,(ii) Between 5 to 20 hectares by the regional Office of Chief Conservator (iii) ≤ 5 hectares by the State Government (iv) if construction area is more than 40 % of forest, by Central Govt. Ministry of Environment & Forestes irrespective of the size of the area. Forests Clearance procedure is enclosed as at appendix 5.2..

1-12 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 24. The subproject covered under this IEE pertains to doubling of existing railway track between Sambalpur – Titlagarh (about 182 Km in length) under East Coast Railways. The proposed second track will run parallel to existing track.

2.1. Category of the Project 25. The project has been evaluated considering outcome of Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist3 and it is enclosed as Appendix 2.1. All environmental sensitive areas have been critically analysed to assess the magnitude and extent of likely impacts particularly on protected areas. This stretch though passes through many reserved forests but does not lead to loss of medicinal plants, endangered floral/faunal species, and any disturbance to existing wildlife movement passages. However, project will lead to loss of some the forest cover but is unlikely to cause any significant environmental impact. Hence, it is categorised as Category B project under ADB’s Environmental Assessment Guidelines (2003) and SPS 09. 26. This project does not require any environmental clearance in accordance with Indian Environmental (Protection) Act and Rules, 1986 amended till date either. 2.2. Need for the Project 27. This rail link (connecting Howrah-Madras trunk route with Howrah- Madras trunk route via Sambalpur-Titlagarh) is one of the important routes. The present rail section is already heavily saturated with present capacity utilization at about 113% with the daily average number of trains each way at 17.04 numbers. It serves number of thermal power plants, aluminium, cement industries for transportation of key raw materials like coal, bauxite, and iron ore from mines located near the project to these industries. 28. The section will have additional load after commissioning of Koraput and Rayagada section connecting the K. K. line with Vizianagaram- Titlagarh and Talcher-Sambalpur rail link. Outward traffic from Bolangir- Khurda Road line under construction would also be required to be carried over by the project section. Further, the coaching services from coast have already started to western and northern destinations via Sambalpur-Titlagarh-Raipur. This will be extra burden on Sambalpur-Titlagarh route. 29. The Lanjigarh line is also coming up in the bauxite rich areas of Kalahandi district in Orissa. Additional aluminium plants are coming up at Lanjigarh, Lapanaga, Singaram and Kashipur near project section. Consequent upon vast development plans in various areas like power, industry, mineral and agriculture sector in the state of Orissa, Andhra Pradesh and Chhattisgarh, it is foreseen that substantial volume of additional traffic would be generated which will be required to be moved on this route. Therefore doubling of the track is the unavoidable solution especially considering that the

3 REA checklist defined for Roads and Highways as per ADB Environmental Guidelines 2003 which has been suitably modified for rail projects 2-1 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

existing utilization of Sambalpur-Titlagarh section will increase significantly over the years due to above development. 2.3. Location and Characteristic of the Project Section 30. The project section (Sambalpur-Titlagarh) is located in the state of Orissa traversing through Sambalpur, Bargarh, Sonepur and Balangir districts. The geographical area of the proposed doubling alignment lies between the Latitude 21°28’57” N to 20°17’57” N and longitude 83°57’34”E to 83°07’48” E. The project location, alignment and components are shown at Map 3. 31. It starts at Km. 562.9 from the centre of the Sambalpur station building and terminates at chainage Km 744.4 near the Titlagarh Station Yard covering the total length of 181.485 Km. Major part (96.9 km) of the corridor falls in the Balangir district. The doubling length of track in Sambalpur, Bargarh and Sonepur districts are 35.3 Km, 36.5 Km and 12.8 Km respectively. 32. There are 15 stations (including the take-off and terminating stations) in this project section. Important among them are Sambalpur, Bargarh Road, Balangir and Titlagarh. (Table 2.1

Plate 2.1: Takeoff Point- Sambalpur Jn. Plate 2.2: Terminating Point- Titlagarh-Jn.

Table 2.1 : Name and Locations of the Existing Stations

S. No Stations (Km EX-HWH) S. No Stations (Km EX-HWH) 1 Sambalpur (Takeoff Point) 562.9 9 Loisinga 662.684 2 Hirakud 570.170 10 Balangir 681.288 3 Godbagha 579.646 11 Deogaon Road 698.530 4 Attabirra 587.197 12 Saintala 715.926 5 Bargarh Road 605.347 13 Badmal 724.663 6 Barpalli 624.485 14 Sikir 734.540 7 Dunguripali 638.761 15 Titlagarh 744.385 8 Khaliapali 651.529 (End Point) 33. The existing single line section is Broad Gauge (standard width of 1.676 m between the rails). The available ROW (right-of-way) is varying at places but enough ROW is still available for construction of additional track except at few locations primarily in forests and inhabited areas. The ruling gradient at most of the locations is 1 in 150. The degree of curve ranges between 0.5° to 6°. The total length under curve is 54 Km. There are altogether 41major and 395 minor bridges, 7 road under bridges (RuB) and 8 road over bridges (RoB). The total no. of level crossings is 97, out of which 34 are manned and 63 are unmanned.

2-2 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

34. The proposed doubling will be along the existing line with switch over at nine different locations as presented in Table 2.2 and Map 2:. The existing single line and the proposed second line run side by side of (a) the NH-6 between Sambalpur - Bargarh Road and (b) NH-201 between Bargarh Road and Titlagarh. The proposed alignment has been suitably finalized with due considerations to engineering aspects like available gradient, need of curve improvement, demolition and cuttings and environmental/social aspects like land acquisition in forests or near settlement or schools. All efforts have been made to utilize the existing ROW.

Table 2.2 : Location of Switchovers

Locations ( Km) Alignment Sr. w.r.t to Reasons for No. From To existing Switchovers track 1 Km 562.9 In between 570-572 LHS ----- 2 In between 570-572 In between 578-580 RHS To avoid settlement are 3 In between 578-580 In between 583-585 LHS Khoshla School on RHS 4 In between 583-585 In between 602-604 RHS To avoid demolition 5 In between 602-604 In between 676-677 LHS Inadequate ROW on RHS 6 In between 676-677 Km 678.2 RHS To avoid hill-cutting 7 Km 678.2 In between 688-690 LHS Inadequate ROW on RHS 8 In between 690-691 In between 696-698 RHS Curve improvement 9 In between 696-698 In between 744.12 LHS To avoid acquisition in forest area Source: Engineering Team, ECoR, Sambalpur Division 2.4. Project Implementation Schedule and Cost 35. The project is in detailed design stage. Construction is likely to start in 2011 and is proposed to be completed in four years i.e. by 2015. The entire construction activities may be taken up in three packages. The indicated cost of the project is estimated at about INR 60 Million excluding rolling stock. 2.5. Key Project Components and Activities 36. The key project activities will involve laying of formation for second track, construction of new bridges, RuB and RoB. Other important activities are (i) gradient and curve improvement, (ii) construction of side drains, (iii) shifting of existing roads at certain locations and construction of approach roads near bridge locations, (iv) dismantling, renovation (levelling, extension, up-gradation) or new construction of platforms, (v) dismantling/ construction of foot over bridges, (vi) dismantling /building of the loops, (vii) construction of quarters for staffs with all basic amenities. Temporary workshops, offices and construction camps may also be set up at different places. These are likely to be close to the existing stations or rail lines only. However, these locations are not yet firmed up. 37. Gauge and Alignment: The proposed new track will be standard broad gauge of 1.676 m width. The alignment broadly will follow the existing alignment. A distance of 5.9 m shall be maintained between the two tracks. 38. Gradient: A ruling gradient of 1 in 150 is proposed. The ruling gradient for station yards is kept as 1 in 400. The existing gradient though is 1 in 100. 2-3 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

39. Curves: It is proposed to improve the curve of new line to the maximum extent. Presently the degree of curvature at most of the curve locations varies from 10 to 20. The existing sharpest curve is near power channel bridge with 50. The transition curves are designed for max 95 km/h & minimum 75 km/h speed. Plate 2.3: Sharpest curve Near Power channel Adequate level grade will be provided to accommodate vertical curve of 4000 m radius. 40. Embankment Formation: The formation width in plain areas is proposed as 6.85 m and in hill cutting areas as 9.25m (including drain) with side slopes of 2:1 in plains and 1:1 in hill cutting area. Moorum blanketing of 100 cm thickness is proposed with turfing on the slopes. Mechanical compaction at optimum moisture content is proposed. Stone pitching and other protective measures are proposed near bridge approaches and vulnerable stretches. 41. The total earth requirement for banking and blanketing has been estimated to be 45, 91000 cum and 5, 24,460 cum respectively. The block section wise earth calculation has been given in Table 2.3.

Table 2.3 : Block section wise Earth Work (Cum) Cutting in Cum S. E/W in E/W in Turfing Block Section Ordinary No Banking Blanketing RRB RRC in sq.m & NRB 1 Sambalpur-Hirakud 237477 67498 3702 ------68189 2 Hirakud-Godbhaga 164331 67459 17284 ------39825 3 Godbhaga-Attabira 232602 75774 4029 ------43010 4 Attabira-Bargarh Road 317323 155227 36028 ------109743 5 Baragarh Road-Barpali 479670 144220 39023 ------103802 6 Barpali-Dunguripali 412269 123045 8025 ------87596 7 Dunguripali-Khaliapali 293467 108749 15249 ------79132 8 Khaliapali-Loisingha 203863 87919 51022 ------54719 9 Loisingha-Bolangir 304001 139088 31852 ------110763 10 Bolangir-Deogaon Rd. 637435 172623 131552 36251 5137 88211 11 Deogaon Rd.-Saintala 581062 122646 19021 8526 2436 91901 12 Saintala-Badmal 220622 78279 8023 4265 1234 51242 13 Badmal-Sikir 360834 84626 135626 57250 5987 43891 14 Sikir-Titlagarh 146046 73025 24025 9864 1264 51825 Total 4591002 1500178 524461 116156 16058 1023849 Source: Engineering Team, ECoR, Sambalpur Division 42. Ballast: Hard crushed stone ballast of 50mm size with 300mm ballast cushion is proposed for mainline and 250mm for loops and sidings. Ballast will be procured from nearest quarries. There are many approved quarries available in the project districts some being very near to the railway track/stations. The total quantity of ballasts block-section wise has been summarized below in Table 2.4.

2-4 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Table 2.4 : Block Section Wise Ballast Requirement

Qty. S. No Block- Sections S. No. Block- Sections Qty. (cum) (cum) 1 Sambalpur-Hirakud 18224 9 Loisingha-Bolangir 46096 2 Hirakud-Godbhaga 23139 10 Bolangir-Deogaon Road 64391 3 Godbhaga-Attabira 20194 11 Deogaon Road-Saintala 41402 4 Attabira-Bargarh Road 50563 12 Saintala-Badmal 20794 5 Baragarh Road-Barpali 45549 13 Badmal-Sikir 32577 6 Barpali-Dunguripali 33977 14 Sikir-Titlagarh 23431 7 Dunguripali-Khaliapali 30388 15 in midsection for existing line 32210 8 Khaliapali-Loisingha 26549 16 Total 509484 Source: Engineering Team, ECoR, Sambalpur Division 43. Bridges: New bridges along existing 42 major bridges and 395 minor bridges have to be constructed during the doubling. All the major & minor bridges are to be of Heavy Mineral (HM) loading standard. Number of spans will remain the same except at major bridge no. 329 and 235 where one extra span has been proposed considering the discharge volume. The total length across the waterways for all types of bridges is 4.05 km. All existing steel girder bridges up to 30.48 m span are proposed to be Pre stressed Concrete (PSC) Girder Bridge. A list of all major and minor bridges with their location, type, span and other details has been appended as Appendix 2.2. The bridges is designed considering the highest flood level (HFL) the same as recorded at respective existing bridge and given at Appendix 2.3. 44. Since construction is along the existing bridge, no new river training structures will be required except strengthening the existing one as may be required. 45. RUBs/ ROBs, Level Crossings and Approach Roads: All existing ROB/RUB will be widened to two-track standard since most of as most of the ROB’s are of single-track standard. There are 97 level crossings from JT/25 to JT/129 out of this 34 are manned & 65 are unmanned. Ten unmanned level crossing are already abandoned. Three unmanned level crossing are proposed to be converted to ROB & RUB. Provision of approach roads surfacing of level crossings between gates, checkrails for level crossing (on PSC sleeper), road users warning boards, whistle boards and fencing on the approach on either end are proposed. 46. Side Drains: Presently, side drains are only available in some sections between from Km 569- 573, Km. 606 – Km 609, Km 622- Km.625, Km.655- Km. 657, Km. 662- Km. 663, Km. 678- Km. 682, Km.688- Km.697. The proposed doubling will require construction of new side drains of about 31.2 Km length. The block section wise length of side drains is given at Table 2.5.

2-5 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Table 2.5 : Block Section wise Length of Side Drains Length Length S. No Block- Sections S. No. Block- Sections (meter) (meter) 1 Sambalpur-Hirakud 3054 8 Khaliapali-Loisingha 3050 2 Hirakud-Godbhaga 1750 9 Loisingha-Bolangir 2750 3 Godbhaga-Attabira 2395 10 Bolangir-Deogaon Road 1750 4 Attabira-Bargarh Road 3490 11 Deogaon Road-Saintala 1050 5 Baragarh Road-Barpali 3850 12 Saintala-Badmal 1050 6 Barpali-Dunguripali 2450 13 Badmal-Sikir 1050 7 Dunguripali-Khaliapali 2491 14 Sikir-Titlagarh 1050 Source: Final Location Survey 47. Stations: There are 14 intermediate crossing stations including the proposed crossing station at Sukutapali. Two Junction Stations are Sambalpur and Titlagarh. Provision of five new Intermediate Block Stations (IBS) are made at Km .613.740 (between Bargarh Road & Barpali), Km.633.450 (between Barpali & Dungripali), Km.669.950 (between Loisinga & Balangir), Km.691.700 (between Balangir & Deogaon Road.), and Km.706.540 (between Deogaon Road & Saintala). The station yard wise proposed activities are summarised at Table 2.6. Table 2.6 : Summary of Station wise Proposed Activities S. No Km Stations Key Activities Proposed (EX- HWH) 1 Sambalpur 562.9 Extension of Line No 1A from west (Balangir end). A level crossing manned (Balangir end) 2 Hirakud 570.170 An extra loop for ballast siding and an island platform. 3 Godbagha 579.646 An extra loop left side of down line to be considered as common loop. A hot axle siding of 100m length to take off from common loop. 4 Attabirra 587.197 Necessary cross overs and isolation has been proposed 5 Bargarh Rd. 605.347 Existing coal and Bamboo load siding to be dismantled. In place, full loop length of 720 m is proposed. A new platform is proposed between UP loop and bamboo siding. Existing low-level platform and station building also to be dismantled to provide down loop line. The existing goods platform also proposed to be dismantled. A 90 m hot axle siding is also proposed. Necessary cross over and isolation has also been proposed 6 Barpalli 624.485 The existing low-level platform to be dismantled and rebuilt as high-level platform. Existing goods loop to be converted to a full length loop to be utilised as common loop. Construction of a new low-level platform at left side of the UP loop. 7 Dunguripali 638.761 The existing low level platform to be dismantled and rebuilt as high level platform. A hot axle siding is proposed on common loop. Construction of new platform on new loop line. Necessary cross overs and isolation has also been proposed 8 Khaliapali 651.529 Construction of new platform on left of up loop and new loop at existing platform. Necessary cross over and isolation has also been proposed 9 Loisinga 662.684 Dismantling of existing platform to accommodate the proposed common loop. New platform is proposed by the side of Up loop. A hot axle siding from up loop at Titlagarh end. Necessary cross over and isolation has also been proposed 10 Balangir 681.288 The existing turnouts of line No 2, 3, and 4 and cross over between lines no 3 & 4 to be dismantled at Howrah and Titlagarh end. The existing platform no 1 to be dismantled to 2-6 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

S. No Km Stations Key Activities Proposed (EX- HWH) limit the length at 550 m. Necessary cross over and isolation has also been proposed 11 Deogaon 698.530 Construction of new common loop from up line and one Road passenger platform. A new hot axle siding is proposed from common lop. Existing platform to be extended to bring its length as 400m. Necessary cross over and isolation has also been proposed 12 Saintala 715.926 A new common loop is proposed from up line. Existing platform to be extended towards Titlagarh side to bring its length as 400m. The existing cabin to be dismantled and relocated suitably. Necessary cross over and isolation has also been proposed 13 Badmal 724.663 The existing platform No 1 & 4 to be extended towards Jharsuguda end to bring its length as 400m. A hot axle siding is proposed to take off from line no 4. 14 Sikir 734.540 A new platform with common loop is proposed. Foot over bridge at Titlagarh end is to be dismantled and built at new location at Titlagarh end. Necessary cross over and isolation has also been proposed 15 Titlagarh J 744.385 No new activity except joining of new line. 48. Residential Accommodation and Service building: It is proposed to construct staff quarters of three types, one station building at Sukutapali, and offices of Asst Engineer & Senior Section Engineer Path Ways (SSEPW) at Bargarh Road. The location of proposed residential buildings is yet not firmed up but the preferable locations are Sambalpur, Bargarh, Balangir and Titlagarh. The details of these constructions are given at Table 2.7.

Table 2.7 : Details of Proposed Residential and Service Buildings S. No Description Qty/Plot Area 1 Type –I Staff Quarters 25 Nos 2 Type II Staff Quarters 20 Nos. 3 Type III Staff Quarters 10 Nos. 6 ORH at Balangir 400 m2 (Plot Area) 7 SRH at Balangir 250 m2 (Plot Area) 8 Gate Lodge for 15 stations 1 for each 2 Nos. 49. Dismantling: Dismantling is involved at different stations for as per the requirement indicated at Table 2.6 above. All the dismantled material can be sold off or reused for filling or other construction activities except asbestos roof sheets which will be disposed off in scientifically acceptable manner. 50. Land Requirement: All efforts are made to minimise the land requirement through suitable engineering measures throughout the project section. Additional land is required is primarily for curve improvement; approach roads near ROBs, and RoW (Only locations where enough RoW is not available) . Total land requirement is 59.01 acres. Out of this, 40.262 acres is government Land, 16.234 acres is private land and 2.511 acres is under forest. The land use of Govt. land is predominantly uncultivable wasteland. The land under private ownership is predominantly agricultural. 51. Construction Material Source: The main construction material required for the project is earth, cement, ballast, stone chips and sand. All these materials are locally available. Earth will be borrowed preferably from Govt. wasteland and private non- 2-7 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

agricultural land. Stone chips/ ballast will be procured from licensed quarries located nearby. Cement will be procured from Bargarh. Sand will be obtained from different river beds present along and nearby the project areas. A list of construction materials sources with distance from railway line is given in Table 2.8.

Table 2.8 : Major construction Materials, its Source and Distance Location with respect Material Approx Distance from track Name of place to railway Chainage Balangir(679) 2.0 Balangir Earth Badmal(724) 1.0 Badmal (borrow areas) Dungrapali(638) 3.0 Chickonkotta Hirakud Station(566) 2.0 Khosala Dungrapali(638) 2.0 Nowapali Dungrapali(638) 4.0 Dhangarpali Balangir(679) 2.0 Balangir Stone Sambalpur station(563) 15.0 Dhamapalace quarries Bargarh 5.0-6.0 Bargarh Balangir(679) 2.0 Balangir Titlagarh(744.2) 4.0 Rahenbheta Hirakud Station(566) 3.0 Khosala Cement ACC Cement Factory 8-10 Km Bargarh

2-8 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

3. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 52. It is imperative to study the existing environmental conditions not only to establish the present physical, biological and socio- economic scenario but also in order to predict future impacts owing to construction and operation of the project. Particular emphasis has been laid in collection of data for terrestrial and aquatic flora and fauna in the present study, wild life movement, and tree cover along the alignment and sourcing of construction material. These are considered to be of prime importance vis-à-vis the nature and location of the proposed project. 3.1. Physical Environment 3.1.1. Meteorology and Climate 53. The project districts have tropical climate characterized by high temperature, high humidity, and medium to high rainfall. Four seasons distinctly observed in the study area are (i) Summer Season: it extends from early February to middle June. The temperature rises up to 48° C in May. The humidity is very low particularly in April and May. The average, rainfall in this season is < 50 mm. (ii) Monsoon Season: Monsoon breaks in first fortnight of June and lasts up till September. Maximum rainfall is received in July and August. The average rainfall is of the order of 300-400 mm. Humidity is high in this season ranging between 79-88%. The average maximum temperature in this season is about 34° C. The average annual rainfall at Sambalpur, Sonepur/ Balangir and Bargarh, is 1443.59 mm, 1287 mm, 1155.2 mm respectively. (iii) Post Monsoon: This extends from October to November. There are occasional showers in this season. The humidity is high. There is moderate cloud in this season. (iv) Winter Season: This extends from December to January. The minimum and maximum temperature in this season observed is 11° C at Sambalpur and 29°C at Titlagarh respectively. 54. Wind direction varies considerably in the four project districts in different seasons. Predominant wind direction in the project area is South-West and North-West. Heat wave condition prevails during extreme summer in the areas where wind direction is opposite to the exposed rock area, which gets trapped due to the presence of other hills. The heat wave condition is excessive in Titlagarh town area. Generally, light to moderate winds prevail throughout the year. Winds are light and moderate particularly during the morning hours. While during the afternoon hours, the winds are stronger. Wind speed is relatively high during the summer months of April and May and during the monsoon months. During the post-monsoon and winter, the wind speed is relatively low (mean speed = 2.6 – 3.8 km/h). The highest wind speed is about 8.3 km/h normally observed in July. 55. The annual rainfall (2000-2004) in the project districts, monthly maximum and minimum temperature and humidity has been graphically presented in Figure 3.1, Figure 3.2 and Figure 3.3 respectively.

3-1 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

2000

1800

1600

1400 Bargarh 1200 Bolangir 1000 Sambalpur

800 Sonepur State Average 600 Rainfall (in mm) 400

200

0 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 Year

Figure 3.1 : Annual Rainfall Pattern in the State and Project Districts (2000- 2004)

50 45 40 35 30 Sambalpur 25 Balangir 20 Titlagarh 15 Temperature (°C) Temperature 10 5 0 min min min min min min min min min min min min max max max max max max max max max max max max Jan Feb March Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec. Month

Figure 3.2 : Temperature Variation at IMD Stations in the Project Area (2006)

100 90 80 70

60 Sambalpur 50 Bolangir 40 Titlagarh 30 20 Avg.Relative Humidity (%) 10 0 Jan. Feb. Mar Apr May Jun. Jul. Aug Sep. Oct. Nov Dec Month

Figure 3.3 : Relative Humidity Variation at IMD Stations in the Project Area

3-2 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

3.1.2. Natural Hazards 56. The project districts are not vulnerable to any major risk due to natural hazard other than drought, which is very common in the area, particularly in Balangir district. The drought is both meteorological and hydrological in nature, which occurs due to erratic rainfall in the area beset with depleting ground water resources. 57. The project districts are not prone to flood except in case of excessive rainfall. The area was severely affected by flood during Aug, 2003 due to continuous rain in the upper and lower catchment areas of the Mahanadi River. The vulnerability index prepared by UNDP for different natural hazard in the project districts have been shown in Table 3.1. Table 3.1 : Vulnerability Index for Natural Hazards Project Districts Wind Cyclone Flood Drought Bargarh 3 1, 2 1 Sambalpur 3, 4 1, 2 1 Sonepur 3 2 1 Balangir 3 2 1 Source: UNDP Office, Bhubaneswar Wind & Cyclone: 1: Very High risk, 2=High risk, 3=Moderate risk, 4=Slight risk Flood: 1=liable to get flooded; 2= Flood protected areas; Drought: 1=very high risk; 2=high risk zone; 3=slight risk zone; 58. No evidence of rail traffic blockage was reported in the project rail section due to inundation of track or flooding along the track except near Suktel River where the bridge got damaged and traffic was diverted for few hours in August 2003. 3.1.3. Air Quality 59. The ambient air quality levels (Table 3.2) with respect to suspended particulate matter (SPM), respirable particulate matter (RSPM) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) range from 149.7 to 355 µg/m3, 44 - 97 µg/m3 3 and 7.5 to 12.22 µg/m respectively in the project area. The SO2 levels were recorded less than 10 µg/m3 at all locations. These ambient air quality levels conform to the prescribed National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) appended as Appendix 3.1 for different land use category except at 2 locations near Bargarh Cement Factory where SPM is higher than residential limit but well within industrial limits. Overall, the project area is free from air pollution. Table 3.2 : Ambient Air Quality in the Project Area Location 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Parameters SPM (µg/m3) 188.0 174.0 166.0 170.0 149.7 355.0 326 RSPM (µg/m3) 61.0 58.0 54.0 47.0 49.33 97.0 44.0 SO2 (µg/m3) 6.8 8.2 7.9 6.5 16.0 <10 <10 NOX (µg/m3) 9.5 8.9 9.6 7.5 12.22 <10 <10 Source: SPCB, Sambalpur 1=Sambalpur Town, 2=Bolangir Town, 3=Bargarh, 4=Titlagarh Town, 5= Hrakud Indl. Area, 6= ACC Cement unit Packaging area, 7= ACC cement unit Entry Gate

3-3 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

3.1.4. Noise and Vibration 60. The ambient noise levels were monitored at various locations. The secondary data was also collected from SPCB. These ambient noise levels (Table 3.3) conform to the prescribed limit (Appendix 3.2) except at 2 commercial areas (near Titlagarh and Bolangir railway stations) and all silence zones where it marginally exceeds (max 3.9 dB (A) during night time). The commercial area where noise level exceeds the prescribed limit is located near railway stations. The educational institute where the noise level exceeds during night time is all non-residential.

Table 3.3 : Noise Level in dB (A) in the Project Area Noise level Leq Leq Area Category L max L min Location (Day) (Night)

Bareipali, Industrial Estate 60.8 50.3 69.0 55.0 Industrial G.M. College, Sambalpur 53.9 47.2 69.0 46.0 Silence Zone Near Bargarh Co-Sugar Mill 61.0 52.1 65.0 56.0 Industrial Bus Stand, Bargarh 58.8 45.0 71.0 39.0 Commercial Panchyat College, Bargarh 52.1 42.1 55.8 42.2 Silence Zone Industrial Estate, Bolangir 59.5 45.8 79.3 42.9 Industrial 100 mtr from Bolangir R.S. 67.3 50.6 78.9 38.5 Commercial Rududipada, Bolangir 55.7 47.9 69.0 43.0 Residential Rajendra college, Bolangir 57.4 45.2 68.0 49.0 Silence Zone Industrial Estate, Titilagarh 61.0 52.0 85..0 56.0 Industrial Hatpada, Titilagarh 42.3 38.9 54.0 37.0 Residential Source: Regional Office, SPCB, Sambalpur and self monitored 61. Noise level (impulse noise) during movement of the trains (near rail- track) was recorded at select locations at varied distances from the railway track. The impulse noise recorded at bridge approaches observed to be the highest ranging from 76.0 dB (A)-80.2 dB (A) followed by ROB /RUB where it varies from 73.8 dB (A) to 79.3 dB (A). Impulse noise near boundary of Khosala School (7m from track) and main building (25 m from track) was also monitored. Noise level at the boundary and main building was found to be 77.4 dB (A) and 71.4 dB (A) respectively. 3.1.5. Physiography and Topography 62. Physiographic ally, the project area falls under central tableland out of four main physiographic divisions of the state namely coastal plains, northern plateau, central tableland and Eastern Ghats. The central tableland is characterized by varying land profile viz. fertile valleys, plains and hilly lands. Mahanandi river basin is a worth mentioning physiographic unit of the central tableland flowing east west of the project corridor.

3-4 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

63. The land profile along the project corridor in all the four project districts is in general, undulating except some sections between Khaliapalli-Loisinga- Balangir Stations. The elevation above mean sea level along the project corridor varies between 154.9 m (Sambalpur Jn.) to 218.76 m (Sikir). The average elevation of the entire rail section is 176.0 Plate 3.1: Illustrating Tableland Topography m. The terrain profile along of the region the project corridor shown at Figure 3.4.

250

200

150

100

50 Height Above MSL (m) 0

Sikir Hirakud AttabiraBargarh Barpali Badmal LoisingaBalangirDeogaonSaintala Titlagarh Sambalpur Godbagha DungripaliKhaliapali Stations

Figure 3.4 : Formation Level at Stations 3.1.6. Geology and Seismicity 64. The general geology of the Orissa region consists primarily of Precambrian rocks of the Indian Shield. These rocks have been divided into 4 distinct sectors, based on their lithology and structure and named after the geographic region in which they occur–West, South, Coastal, and North Sectors. The West Sector where the project area is located is underlain primarily by Archean granitic gneisses, khondalites, charnockites, and migmatites. These rocks trend in a general NE-SW direction, gently curving eastward at their northern end. The main discontinuities in the region is Eastern Ghat boundary fault and north Orissa boundary fault, which separates west sector from east and south sector from north respectively. 65. Important locations where track is either crossing through or located nearby by hard-rock/hilly terrain are Bernai Reserve Forest (Km.714 -Km. 736); Banji and Sunadki reserve forest (Km.683- Km.697). Other locations are Patharkahandi (Km.635), Dungripalli(Km.641- Km. 643), Negipalli Bendra, Khusra Munda,(651-653 and km. 655- km. 657), Hirapur (Km. 664- Km. 665), Purbal, Laderbhal,( Km.667- Km.668) and Jamshar (km. 671), near Deogaon and Chandrapur (699-700), Dengapathar, Naikensira, Tebramunda (km. 703-km. 709), Karaeldhua , Kermali, Pitamahul (km. 710 - km. 711). The 3-5 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Luxmidungri Hill near Mahanadi River in Sambalpur is located adjacent to the National Highway-6 and further to the project corridor, which runs parallel to each other. Hill side facing the highway is vulnerable to landslide. Road traffic often gets obstructed due to slide of weathered rock boulders. 66. According to Seismic Zonal Map4 of India prepared by Bureau of Indian Standard, all the four project districts are located in the Zone II and Zone III. Sambalpur and Bargarh districts lie in Zone III whereas Balangir and Sonepur are in Zone II. Zone II denotes minimum damage risk. Zone III is a moderate damage risk zone. 3.1.7. Soil 67. The soil, in this sub project area, mainly consists of ordinary hard soil, black cotton, hard soil mixed with moorum and rocks structure consisting of igneous rock. In Sambalpur district, the main soil type is red soil. Low level ground late rite are also present where water table is comparatively high. Stretch falling in Balangir district is Plate 3.4: Showing abundance of Red soil predominantly underlain by black cotton soil. The block sections of Dungripalli- Khaliapalli-Loisinga- Balangir is mainly covered by black cotton soil. The soil in the Bargarh district is a mixture of sand and gravel as well as of clay, which is very fertile in nature. 68. The soil along the project sections are alkaline in nature (Table 3.4).Texture of the soil is sandy at Hirakud and Sandy clay loam at Bargarh and Balangir. Organic content and nutrients viz. nitrogen, sodium potassium and phosphorous are comparatively low as per recommended norms of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR).

Table 3.4 : Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Soil Near Near Sr. Near Hirakud Parameters Bargarh Balangir No. Stn. Station Station area 1 Colour Reddish Dark Brown Dark Brown Brown 2 pH(20% slurry) 8.01 7.49 7.80 3 Conductivity(µmhos/cm) 520 2850 290 4 Moisture (%) 19 14 17.6 5 Chlorides (%) 0.0025 0.2631 0.0363 6 Bulk Density(gm/ml) 1.19 1.38 1.785 7 Porosity 0.55 0.5 0.36 8 Water Holding Capacity 10.24 13.87 8.29 (%) 9 CEC Meq/100g 12.6 14 14.5 10 Carbonate (%) Nil Nil Nil

4 IS:1893 (Part 1): 2002 Indian Standard Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures Part 1 General Provisions and Buildings Fifth Revision divides the Indian subcontinent into five seismic zones ( II to V) depending on the magnitude and damage intensity of seismic activity. 3-6 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Near Near Sr. Near Hirakud Parameters Bargarh Balangir No. Stn. Station Station area 11 Bicarbonate (%) Nil 0.0014 0.0103 12 Organic Matter (%) 0.65 0.48 0.26 13 Texture Sandy Sandy Clay Sandy Clay loam loam 14 Nitrogen (%) 0.5 0.62 0.5 15 Potassium (%) 0.3 0.32 0.60 16 Sodium (%) 0.09 0.132 0.22 17 Phosphorus (%) 0.5301 0.1150 0.5766 18 Iron(mg/Kg) 460 650 560 Source: Analysis of field samples 3.1.8. Water Resources 3.1.8.1 Groundwater 69. The ground water is principally used for drinking and domestic purposes in the study area except in the urban area of Sambalpur where main source of drinking water is Mahanadi. Water requirement at different stations is also met mainly through of groundwater abstraction except at Sambalpur, Titlagarh and Balangir. Water table significantly varies in all the four project districts. The highest water table depth is in Balangir (80-100m bgl) followed by Bargarh and Sonapur (50-60 bgl). The water table is comparatively at shallow depth in Sambalpur district (20-30mbgl) due to its proximity to Mahanadi River and Hirakud reservoir. 70. Information about groundwater quality was also obtained from local people, railway staffs and passengers for different locations. They informed about poor groundwater quality near Khaliapalli, Dungripalli and Bargarh due to the excess iron content and hardness. The ground water quality largely meets the drinking water standards (Appendix 3.3) except Iron. Result of the groundwater quality of the samples collected during field survey in the study area has been summarised at (Table 3.5).

3-7 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Table 3.5 : Groundwater Quality in the Project Area Locations Handpump Tube well

(Hirakud) (Khaliapalli) Parameters Turbidity NTU 5.2 24.0 Conductivity mhos 419.0 381.0 pH 7.35 8.54 Colour - - TSS mg/l 32.0 58.0 TDS mg/l 207.0 194.0 Oil & Grease mg/l ND 2.0 TH as CaCO3 mg/l 40.5 121.8 Calcium Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 27.5 84.2 Magnesium Hardness as CaCO3 mg/ 13.0 37.6 Sodium as Na mg/l 6.4 9.5 Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 2.2 3.1 Phosphate as PO4 mg/l 0.08 0.24 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 7.9 12.5 Chloride as Cl mg/l 34.0 77.0 Lead as Pb mg/l ND ND Iron as Fe mg/l 0.78 2.31 Total Chromium mg/l ND ND Fluoride as F mg/l 0.452 0.687 Source: Analysis of Field Samples 3.1.8.2 Surface water 71. The project districts are drained by a number of rivers, rivulets. Majority of them are tributaries (Ong, Jira and SukTel) of Mahanadi River running east west of the project corridor. However, none of these rivers flow parallel to the track. They only cut across the existing alignment. There are numerous other water bodies viz. canals, ponds, minor drains etc which either cutting across or located in the surrounding areas. Mahanadi River and Hirakud reservoir are two important and large surface water bodies in the project influence area. Canal and river water bodies are mainly being used for irrigation purpose whereas ponds are principally being used for cattle bathing/drinking and washing of clothes by local people. Fishing activity is being done mainly in Mahanandi River and backwater of Hirakud reservoir. All the surface water bodies go dry in summer except river Mahanadi. In Mahanadi also there is large variation of flow from monsoon to non-monsoon. List of all water bodies nearby and cutting across the project rail section is given at Table 3.6.

3-8 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Table 3.6 : List of Water Bodies along the Project Corridor Distance w.r.t Distance w.r.t S. Type of Water S. Type of Water (Km) the Existing (Km) the Existing No. Bodies No Bodies Track Track 1 563.8 Pond RHS (129.4) 43 659.2 Pond LHS (35.6) 2 564.7 Mandila Jhor Crossing 44 660.7 Pond LHS (60.4) 3 566.4 Mahanadi River Crossing 45 661.3 Loisinga Jhor Crossing 4 569.8 Power Canal Crossing 46 663.4 Kuramgul River Crossing 5 575.1 Pond LHS (40.6) 47 665.9 Sukhtel River Crossing 6 577.7 Nalla Crossing 48 669.4 Pond LHS (36.9) 7 578.5 Pond LHS (45.3) 49 671.8 Dogra Jhor Crossing 8 585.2 Jhau jour Crossing 50 674.9 Maliba Palli jhor Crossing 9 587.8 Kalia Jhor Crossing 51 677.2 Laxmi Jhor Crossing 10 592.7 Pond RHS (30.5) 52 678.8 Nulla Crossing 11 592.9 Attabira Canal Crossing 53 679.5 Pond LHS (68.4) 12 598.8 Danta River Crossing 54 680.3 Pond RHS (54.2) 13 603.8 Nalla Crossing 55 682.3 Bijakaman Jhor Crossing 14 605.9 Pond LHS(30.6) 56 683.1 Pond LHS (56.4) 15 607.6 Pond LHS 57 683.8 Pond LHS (70.4) 16 612.8 Jeera River Crossing 58 687.1 Nalla Crossing 17 613.9 Phalsa River Crossing 59 691.4 Pond LHS (40.1) 18 617 Pond RHS (46.3) 60 692.8 Nalla Crossing 19 619.7 Pond RHS (38) 61 694.7 Nalla Crossing 20 619.1 Bargarh Nalla Crossing 62 695.1 Nalla Crossing 21 619.9 Pond LHS (26.8) 63 697.4 Pond LHS (25.4) 22 622.8 Pond LHS (34.7) 64 698.4 Pond LHS (80.4) 23 625.7 Barapalli Nalla Crossing 65 698.6 Pond RHS (48.3) 24 630.0 Ranijhor Crossing 66 699.5 Pond LHS (62.1) 25 631.7 Bargarh Canal Crossing 67 700.4 Sungarh Jhor Crossing 26 633.8 Pond LHS(54.6) 68 700.4 Pond LHS (46.2) 27 635.4 Pond RHS(70.4) 69 700.9 Pond RHS (66.4) 28 635.7 RetmundCanal Crossing 70 708.4 Pond LHS (38.4) 29 636.7 Pond LHS (46.1) 71 708.4 Nulla Crossing 30 637 Pond RHS (46.7) 72 709.1 Kharlijar River Crossing 31 645.8 Pond LHS (50) 73 713.4 Pond LHS (34.2) 32 647.0 Ong River Crossing 74 714.6 Pond LHS (80.2) 33 648.3 Water River LHS (10.3) 75 717.2 Badmal Stream Crossing 34 649.8 Nalla Crossing 76 719.1 Nalla Crossing 35 652.4 Pond LHS (47.6) 77 729.4 Nalla Crossing 36 654.8 Nalla Crossing 78 731.1 Nalla Crossing 37 654.9 Nalla Crossing 79 733.1 Nalla Crossing 38 655.6 Pond LHS (40.1) 80 733.4 Pond LHS(100.1) 39 655.9 Nigipalli Crossing 81 733.8 Pond RHS 85.47 40 656.5 Pond LHS (30.9) 82 736.4 Kama Jhor Crossing 41 657.4 Pond LHS (48) 83 738.4 Pond LHS (40.1) 42 659.2 Kalasi Jhor Crossing 84 741.5 Pond LHS (38.4) Source: field surveys5 72. Surface water samples tested and analyzed have been compared with the standards prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) for Irrigation- Class D and propagation of wild life and fisheries -Class-E (Appendix 3.4). The results of the samples conforms their suitability for both these purposes. Results of the surface water quality in the project area have been summarized in Table 3.7.

5 Some of the Ponds may be seasonal and may go dry during non-Rainy season. 3-9 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Table 3.7 : Surface Water Quality in the Project Area Locations Mahanadi Hirakud Suk-Tel

River Reservoir River Parameters Turbidity NTU 32 22 10 Conductivity mhos 225 126 204 pH 7.51 7.61 7.84 TSS mg/l 84.0 12.0 33.0 TDS mg/l 112.0 73.0 101 BOD 3 day at 27° C mg/l 4.0 2.0 3.0 DO mg/l 7.8 10.4 8.1 COD mg/l 39.0 18.2 24.3 Oil & Grease mg/l 4.0 ND 2.0 TH as CaCO3 mg/l 78.0 66.0 81 Calcium Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 56.0 38.0 62 Magnesium Hardness as CaCO3 mg/ 22.0 28.0 19 Sodium as Na mg/l 18.2 12.5 10.3 Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 0.78 0.84 0.55 Phosphate as PO4 mg/l 1.33 0.98 1.12 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 24.0 8.3 14.8 Chloride as Cl mg/l 18.0 16.0 25.4 Lead as Pb mg/l ND ND ND Iron as Fe mg/l 0.95 0.60 1.10 Fluoride as F mg/l 0.357 0.651 0.321 Total Coliform MPN/100ml 1700 80 130 Faecal Coliform, MPN/100ml 1200 50 80 Source: Analysis of field samples 3.2. Ecological Resources 3.2.1. Terrestrial Ecology 73. A separate wildlife study was carried out in 2010 for this sub project with prime focus of elephant movement. This report also summarises the elephant behavioural aspects and finding of participatory rural appraisal carried out for this study and same is included as Appendix 3.10 and 3.11. The details under this section include finding of this study as well. 3.2.1.1 Forests 74. There are no National Parks, wild life sanctuaries tiger reserves, bird sanctuaries or elephant reserves in the project area. However, there some reserved forests present in the project area. The forest areas along railway stretch falls under Sambalpur (South), Bargarh, Bolangir (East), and Bolangir (West) forests divisions. The forest cover around the existing alignment is passing through mosaic forest of dense forest, secondary forest and patches of short grassland. The forest cover is found to be maximum in Sambalpur followed by Bargarh, Sonepur and Bolangir, which are 3276 Km2, 869 Km2, 308 Km2 and 951Km2 respectively. 75. Sambalpur (South) Forest Division: Under the Sambalpur (South) Forest Division there are only two forest reserves namely Laxmidungri Reserved Forest and Chandlidungri Reserved Forest touching the sub project rail section at near km. 565.00- km 566.00 and km.574 - km. 577.00 respectively. No endangered or threatened flora & fauna were encountered in both these reserved forest areas. No important medicinal plants either identified in these areas. 3-10 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

76. Bargarh Forest Division: Railway track does not pass through reserved forests of Bargarh Forest Division. However, it is passing close to the Barahguda Reserved Forest at Km. 599 - km. 600. 77. Bolangir (East) Forest Division: In the Bolangir (East) forest division, railway track traverse through the Negipali Reserved Forest from chainage Km 652.00 to km 654.00, Matkhai Reserved Forest from chainage km. 683.00-km. 690.00, Banji Reserved Forest from chainage 692-694 and Sunadki Reserved Forest from chainage Km. 696-Km. 697. 78. Bolangir (West) Forest Division: The railway track in this division traverse through Barnei Reserved Forest from Km. 706-710, Samara Reserved Forest from Km. 706- Km.710 and Barghati Reserved Forest at Km. 705. The entire sub project section either passes through/touches/located nearby by altogether 11 reserved forests as listed at Table 3.8.

Table 3.8 : Presence of Reserved Forest along the Project Alignment S. Total Area (ha) Forest Division Reserved Forest Chainage Km. Nature of Presence No. 1 Sambhalpur Laxmidungri RF 375.34 565-566 Little portion near the track (South) 2 Sambhalpur Chandlidungri RF 1553.85 574-577 Near the track –little portion (South) 3 Bargarh Barahguda RF Not Available 599-600 Near the track (NA) 4 Bolangir (East) Negipali RF 343.77 652-654 Bisected by the track 5 Bolangir (East) Khaliapali RF NA Near the track 6 Bolangir (East) Matkhai RF 2854.79 683-690 Bisected by the track 7 Bolangir (East) Banji RF 625.58 692-694 Bisected by the track 8 Bolangir (East) Sunadki RF 521.33 696-697 Near the Track 9 Bolangir (West) Banei RF NA 706-710 Bisected by the track 10 Bolangir (West) Samara RF NA 706-710 Near the track 11 Bolangir (West) Barghati RF 1270.40 705 Very Near the Track 79. The dominant plant species found in these forest types are Sal (Shorea robusta), Saguan (Tectona grandis), Semal (Bombax ceiba) Amba (Mangifera indica), Ainla (Emblica officinalis), Arjun (Terminalia arjuna), Bahada (Terminalia belerica), Siris (Albizzia lebbeck), Karanj (Pongamia glabra) Mahula (Madhuca indica), Sunari (Cassia fistula) etc 80. Other subdominant species observed in the forest area are Bandhan (Ougenia oojeinensis), Bija (Pterocarpus marsupium), Bheru (Chloroxylon swietiana), Char (Buchanania lanzan), Dhaman (Grewia tiliofolia), Dhaura(Anogeissus latifolia), Dhoben (Dalbergia paniculata), Genduli (Sterculia urens), Harida (Terminalia chebula), Jamun (Syzygium cumini), Kanchan (Bauhinia spp.) etc

3-11 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Plate 3.5: Inside view of Negipalli Reserve Plate 3.6: Barghati Reserve Forest near Track Ft

Plate 3.7: Forest near Badmal Rly Stn. Plate 3.8: Patch of Secondary Forest near Sikir

3.2.1.2 Floral elements 81. Important floral species in the project area are Amba (Mangifera indica), Ainla (Emblica officinalis), Arjun (Terminalia arjuna),Ashoka (Sarca asoca), Bahada(Terminalia belerica), Bandhan (Ougenia oojeinensis), Bija (Pterocarpus marsupium), Bheru (Chloroxylon swietiana), Char (Buchanaia lanzan), Dhaman (Grewia tiliofolia), Dhaura(Anogeissus latifolia), Dhoben (Dalbergia paniculata), Genduli (Sterculia urens), Harida (Terminalia chebula), Jamu (Syzygium cumini), Kanchan (Bauhinia spp.), Karanj(Pongamia glabra), Kendu (Diospyros melanoxylon), Khair (Acacia catechu), Kochila(Strychnos nuxvomica), Kongra (Xylia xylocarpa), Kurum (Adina cordifolia), Kusum (Schleichera olesa), Mahalimba(Ailanthus excelsa), Mahula (Madhuca indica),Tentra (Albizia procera), Mundi (Mitragyna parvifolia), Phasi (Anogeissus acuminata), Pitamai (Garuga pinnata), Rai(Dillenia pentagyna), Rajmohi (Lannea coromandelica), Rimili (Bursera serrata), Saguan (Tectona grandis), Sal (Shorea robusta), Salai (Boswellia serrata), Semal(Bombax ceiba), Sidha(Lagerstromia parviflora), Silveroak (Grevillea robusta), Siris (Albizzia lebbeck), Sisso(Bali)(Dalbergia sisoo), Sissoo(Pahari)(Dalbergialatifolia),Sunari(Cassiafistula),Tentuli(Tam arindus indica) etc. None of the floral species is reported to fall under endangered category as per Botanical Survey of India. A comprehensive list including trees, shrubs, climbers and

3-12 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

teridophytes/ferns of floral species of the study area has been appended as Appendix 3.9. 3.2.1.3 Trees along Railway line 82. Tree enumeration was done along the track within proposed ROW (13 meter) from the edge of the existing track w.r.t. The survey recorded altogether 12,453 trees (Table 3.9Error! Reference source not found.). Maximum trees likely to be affected are in between Km. 603.00 – Km. 677.00

Table 3.9 : Approximate No. of Trees within proposed ROW No. of Trees within 15 S. No. Km. (TP) Side (LHS/RHS) meter 1 563-571 L.H.S 31 2 571-579 R.H.S 32 3 579-584 L.H.S 291 4 584-603 R.H.S 140 5 603-677 L.H.S 4397 6 677-678 R.H.S 5 7 678-(688-689) L.H.S 889 8 (688-689) -697 R.H.S 2615 9 697 Up to Titlagarg Jn. L.H.S 4053 Total 12,453 Note: The above no. is approximate since the tree counting was done through quadrant method at select and dense but accessible areas and through repeat observations from passenger trains for non accessible areas 83. The tree found in the ROW are Shorea robusta, Mitragyna parvifolia, Hespenthusa alata, Lagerstroemia parviflora, Caryota urens, Terminalia hebula, Anogeisus latifolia, Adina cordifolia, Boswellia serrata, Lannea coromandelica, Diospyros sylvatica, Pterocarpus marsupium, Terminalia alata, Ougenia oojenesis, Papilionaceae (Fabaceae),Cleistanthus collinus, Buchanania lanzen, Callicarpa macrophylla, Cassia fistula, Terminalia arjuna, Lagerstroemia speciosa, Acacia auriculiformis, Ficus glomerata,Syzygium cuminii, Albizia procera ,Trewia nudiflora, Dalbergia sissoo, Vitex penduncularis,Mangifera indica, Saraca asoca, Eucalyptus spp., Listia glutinosa, Acacia catechu, Sterculia villosa,Careya arborea ,and Bombax ceiba. None of the tree species belong to endangered category as per Botanical Survey of India. 3.2.1.4 Faunal Elements 84. Important faunal species found in the above forest areas are Sambar (Cervus unicolar), Chital (Axis axis), Barking deer (Muntiacus muntjak), Indian wild boar (Sus scrofa), Rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta), Common langur (Presbytis entellus), Sloth bear (Melursus ursinus), Common otter (Lutra lutra), Indian porcupine (Hytrix indica), and Indian pangolin (Manis crassicaudata). None of these faunal elements has their habitat near the project area. Of the above, three species belongs to the schedule I (Table 3.10) under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. None of these faunal elements has their habitat near the project area. The population of schedule I animals viz. Asian elephant, and Sloth Beer is highest in Bolangir (East) Division as per forest census 2004. The list of all mammalian species identified in all the four forest divisions of the project districts has been appended as

3-13 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Appendix 3.5 for ready reference. None of these is reported to wander around trackside. Since track is pre existing these animal are habituated of its existence otherwise also

Table 3.10 : List of Endangered Mammals found In the Forest Area Close to the Project Alignment Common Name Scientific Name Category Criteria IWL(P),1973 Asian Elephant Elephas maximus EN EN A1 cd Schedule I Sloth Bear Melursus ursinus VU VU A2 cd, C1 +2 a Schedule I Indian Pangolin Manis crassicaudata LR/nt LR/nt Schedule I EN: Endangered, VU: Vulnerable, LR/nt: Low risk/near threatened 85. The whole project area is devoid of high density of avian diversity except the Hirakud reservoir area. Altogether 106 species of birds (Appendix 3.8) were recorded in the four forest divisions of the project districts of which only one species is Schedule I i.e. Redheaded Vulture (Sacrocogyps calvus) under the Wildlife Protection Act 1972. The forest of Bolangir (West) Division habitats comparatively more birds due to presence of water bodies and rivulets, which attract the water birds and waders mostly along with the other forest birds. The Hirakud Dam water reservoir (approximately 1 km from the project corridor) is hub for the migratory birds, waders, water birds etc and very high density of birds encountered during the winter months. 86. The swampy and water body areas of Bolangir (East) & (West) Forest Divisions area is very rich in terms of the reptilian and avifaunal diversity. Reptilian & Amphibian fauna present in the study area were 32 (0 and Appendix 3.7) of which only one is under Schedule I i.e. Indian python (Python molurus). However, no habitat of these species is found near the track passing through these forests areas. 3.2.1.5 Migratory Routes of Terrestrial Fauna 87. Though the railway tracks is bisecting the reserve forest of the Bolangir (East) & (West) divisions, but no migratory routes of terrestrial fauna were found in this area. Wild animals, which cross the railway track in these forest areas bisected by the railway track, do not follow any definite migratory route except Asian Elephant. 88. The area near Khaliapalli is a migratory path of the elephants of a group size varying between 10 to 25 individuals. The elephants use this path to fulfil their various requirements such as – mineral, food, waterhole, foraging ground and for better habitat to avoid the harsh condition of nature during the different seasons of the year. As per the information collected from the PRA, interaction with concerned forests officers and the station managers, it was found that the elephants of a varied group cross the railway line near Khaliapalli every year. During rainy season, they migrate from the forest areas near the villages like Bakti, Asurmunda, Murshul, Bhangabahal, Dunguripalli and returns along the same road from Rampur, Dhanaradadar, Lohramunda, Shankhua, etc. 89. The elephant census data (2010) by Orissa forest department is given as Appendix 3.12. According to the report, only Sambalpur south Division and Bolangir Division have presence of Elephants but the proposed project site far away from the elephant habitat.

3-14 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

90. They cross the railway track between the station Losinga and Khaliapali to fulfil their various requirements such as – mineral, food, waterhole, foraging ground and for better habitat to avoid the harsh condition of nature during the different seasons of the year. The movement path of elephants is shown at Fig 4.2 & 4.3. The Asian elephant use this migratory route between the Khalipali and Loisinga station primarily during the month of April-May. 3.2.2. Aquatic Ecology 3.2.2.1 Water Bodies and the fisheries in the Project area 91. The Hirakud reservoir near chainage Km. 568.00 - Km. 570.00 is the single largest water body in the project influence area, which plays an important role in maintaining the ecological balance in the nearby areas. This reservoir is the home for variety of aquatic fauna, mammals, water birds and migratory birds. Few water bodies of pond like (Table 3.6) structure also located near the track which are utilized by the wild fauna comparatively lower than the Hirakud Reservoir water. 3.2.2.2 Fisheries activity in the Project Area 92. The fish density is low in rivers and other water bodies in the project area. Therefore, commercial fishing activity is not found in these water bodies except at Hirakud reservoir, which is suitable for fish culture. Information were gathered about fishery activity in different rivers/water bodies in the study area viz Jeera River, Danta River, Mahanadi, Hirakud reservoir, Jogipali, Godbhaga distributory, Jhaun jhor, Suktel river, Ong river, Ranjjhor, Bargarh nala, Shant jhor and Lant. The fish species found in study are listed in Table 3.11.

Table 3.11 : Fish Species in Different Rivers/ Water Bodies Locations S. No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Species Name 1 Wallagonia attu + + + 2 Glossogobius giuris + + + 3 Ailla coha + + + 4 Catla catla + + + 5 Ophiocephalus gachua + + + + + + + + + + + + 6 Notopterus chitala + + + 7 Esomus dandrica + + + + + + + + + + + 8 Labeo bata + + + 9 Ophiocephalus punctatus + + + + + + + + + + + + 10 Hilsa ilisa + + + 11 Pangasius pangasius + + + + + + + + + + 12 Chela argentea + + + + 13 Myotus cavasius + + + + 14 Barbus ambassis + + + + + + + + + + 15 Anabas testudineus + + + + + 16 Clarius batrachus + + + + 17 Cirrhina mrigala + + + 18 Amblypharyngodon mola + + + + + + + + + + + 19 Gobiopterus chuno + + + 20 Callichrous bimaculatus + + + 21 Notopterus notopterus + + + + + + + + + + + 22 Cirrhina reba + + + 23 Labeo rohita + + + + + + + + + + + + 3-15 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Locations S. No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Species Name 24 Barbus serana + + + + 25 Ophiocephalus striatus + + + + 26 Heterophneustes fossilis + + + + + + + + + + + + 27 Mastacombelus armatus + + + + + + + + + + + + 1=Mahanadi/ Hirakud Reservoir, 2=Jogipali, 3=Godbhaga Distributary, 4=Jhaun Jhor, 5=Danta River, 6=Jeera river, 7=Bargarh Nala, 8=Ranj Jhor, 9=Ong River, 10=Suktel River, 11=Shant Jhor, 12=Lant Jhor (+) indicates the presence 3.2.2.3 Aquatic Macro Invertebrate 93. Aquatic fauna like molluscs, snails, lizards, amphibians and other aquatic mammals are present in the project area. Besides, phytoplankton, zooplanktons were also found in abundance in the water bodies. 3.2.2.4 Faunal Behaviour Pattern 94. Though the freshwater bodies present in the project area are devoid of high density of aquatic fauna, still the fish species present are dependent on the water bodies as habitat and breeding ground for fauna like crustaceansa, molluscs and amphibians. 3.2.2.5 Migratory Route of Aquatic Fauna 95. Nearly all the fishes found in the above rivers and its tributaries are local migrants in nature. Therefore, these will not be disturbed during the construction of the railway track proposed with the bridges over the rivers. 3.2.2.6 Areas of Eco-Sensitivity/Protected Area/Restricted Area legislative and others 96. No such eco-sensitivity areas, protected area, restricted area and legislative and others were found in the sub project area. 3.3. Economic Development 97. The Orissa economy has registered State Domestic Product (SDP) growth rate of 7.26% during the first four years of the 10th Plan period against the targeted rate of 6.2%. This robust growth is attributed to an 11.3% of growth achieved by the industry and minerals sector. The share of the manufacturing and minerals sector, which was 19.03% of the National Strategic Development Program (NSDP) in 1993-94, has increased to about 24.17% of the NSDP by the end of the fourth year of the 10th Plan (2005-06). With influx of huge capex by the large industrial houses in the core infrastructure sector, Orissa is witnessing a rapid rise of 11.5% in income distribution Rs14,795 per capita income. Many facets of economic development of the state and project districts has been discussed in subsequent sections 3.3.1. Industries 98. Orissa is one of the fastest growing states in India in the development of small, medium and large scale industries with the total fixed investment of about INR 36000 Mn. The large scale industries contribute to about 50% investment. 99. In the project districts, there are a total of 140939 industries including both small scale and large scale industries. Table 3.12 lists out of major industries along project sections. 3-16 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Table 3.12 : Major Industries along the Project corridor S. No. Name of Industry Item of Production Location 1 Hindalco Hirakud smelter Aluminium ingo Hirakud 2 Hirakud industrial works Galvanizing Hirakud 3 ACC Cement Ltd Cement Near Bargarh road Stn. 4 Bargarh Sugar mills ltd Sugar & molasses Bargarh road 5 Omfed Dairy factory Milk and its by product Attabira 6 Ordinance factory Arms and ammunitions Badmal 7 GKW limited Steel Titlagarh Source: Identified During Field Survey 3.3.2. Infrastructure Facilities 3.3.2.1 Water Supply 100. Access to safe drinking water supply is not satisfactory in the state. Only 43% of total population is able to get the safe drinking water supply. Situation in rural areas is even worse. Nearly 65% of the total rural population has no access to safe drinking water. In the project districts, drinking requirement in Sambalpur urban area is met through Mahanadi river/Hirakund reservoir after primary- treatment. In rest of the area, main source of drinking water is groundwater abstraction through open wells/tube wells and Hand pumps. Drinking water facility in Balangir is very poor since groundwater availability in the area is scarce.

3.3.2.2 Transportation 101. Orissa has a well developed road network, with a total road length of around 2, 37,332 km. This includes 3,595 km of National highway; 5,102 km of State highway; 29 km of State express highway; 3,189 km of major district roads; 6,334 km of other district roads; 27,882 km of rural roads. Rest are under urban roads. Orissa is well connected with the national rail network. It has a railway route of 2,287 km, including 91 km of narrow gauge. The transport infrastructure in the project districts has been summarized below in Table 3.13.

Table 3.13 : Transport infrastructure in the Project District Particulars Sambalpur Bargarh Balangir National Highway 207 97 174 State Highway 192 142 108 Major District Road 62 113 126 Other District Road 135 141 189 Forest Road 761 231 250 GP Road 6499 6560 5827 Classified Village Road 43 45 205 P.S.Road 603 1310 878 Village Road 398 1060 1056 Source: Orissa Statistical Handbook, 2007

3-17 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

3.3.2.3 Land use 102. Land use within 2 Km: Land use classification was done by rasterizing the survey of India toposheets. All features were digitized and simulated in GIS environment to obtain both pictorial and graphical representation of Land use within 2 km of the railway line. The land use map has been graphically represented in Figure 3.5. The land use within 2 Km is predominantly agricultural. Other main category is forest and hills (20%).

Land use Category % of Total Area Agriculture Land 47 Forest Cover/Hills 20 Human Habitation & Industry 12 River & Water bodies 9 Land Under Rail track 5 Land under Road 5 Barren Land 1.5 Other 0.5 Figure 3.5 Land use Pattern within 2km around the Railway Track

103. Land use Pattern within 200m: land use on either side from the centre of the existing track has been delineated based on the strip mapping done during field survey supported by Survey of India toposheet. The land use along the project corridor is predominantly agricultural (approx.40%) and barren land (approx.18% mostly within railway right-of-way). Rest of the area is shared by forests & rocky land, settlement and water bodies. Table 3.14 provides the land use along the project rail section.

Table 3.14 : Land use within 200m along the Project Section Arable Approx 40% Barren land 18% Land use within 200 from the Forest& hilly tract 22% centreline (excluding formation width) Water Bodies 10% Residential & commercial and Approx 10% others Source: Strip mapping during field survey 3.3.2.4 Power Sources and Transmission 104. Orissa is one of the highest per capita power generating states in the country. The total installed capacity for electric power generation in the State is 5751.5MW, as on March 31, 2007. Out of which thermal power contributes 3890 MW whereas, hydropower plants Generates 1861.5 MW. In the project district, Hirakud I&II is the only major hydroelectric plant. Nearly 90% of the villages in the project districts are electrified. 3-18 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

3.3.2.5 Agriculture 105. The state has a cultivated area (net area sown + current fallow) of 6.4 million ha. as against Geographical area of 15.5 million ha. The gross cropped area is 8.4 million ha and the cropping intensity is 139%.

106. In the project districts, Kharif is the main cropping season and rice is the principal crop during kharif season. Cropping during Rabi season is mainly confined to irrigated areas. The other crops are, cotton, sugarcane, lentils, maize, wheat, potatoes, Banana etc. The highest cropping potential among project districts is in Bargarh due to its favourable geological set-up followed by Sambalpur and Sonepur. Balangir being in the rain shadow zone and lack of irrigation facilities has one of the lowest agricultural produce in the state (Table 3.15). Table 3.15 : Share of Different Crops in Orissa Dist./ Ground Sugar Paddy Wheat Maize Mung Potato State Nut Cane Bargarh 5894512 3241 687 30757 112066 24408 1096475 Balangir 926040 3448 2184 9063 15412 4147 184990 Sambalpur 2360997 3633 1005 3031 990 39183 26690 Sonapur 1926766 42 47 2156 600 792 35042 Orissa 49151071 57681 423994 383457 488347 703173 7531932 Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Orissa 3.3.2.6 Minerals 107. Occupying an important position on the country's map, Orissa's rich mineral reserves constitute 28% Iron ore, 24% coal, 59% Bauxite and 98% Chromite of India's total deposits. The state's comparative advantage on this account has attracted the attention of many mining and metallurgical companies. Minerals found in project districts are mainly graphite, quartz, coal, china clay etc. A list of mines of different ore/mineral deposits in the project district is given at Table 3.16.

Table 3.16 : List of Operational Mines in the Project Districts

S.No. Districts Graphite limestone Manganese Quartz Coal China clay Total

1 Sambalpur 0 1 1 2 1 1 5 2 Balangir 67 1 1 6 0 0 75 3 Baragarh 7 2 0 0 0 1 10 Total 74 4 2 8 1 2 90 Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Orissa 3.3.2.7 Tourism 108. Orissa is one of most exotic location in India having the mountain ranges to costal area with great biodiversity. Places of natural beauty are in abundance in Western Orissa. The project districts are also endowed with a number of tourist destinations varying from religious sites, heritage, wildlife and scenic spots etc. Important tourist destinations of the project districts have been listed below in Table 3.17.

3-19 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Table 3.17 : List of Important Tourist Spots in the Project Districts Project Districts Name of the Tourist Places

Balangir Balangir, Gaikhai M.I.P., Harishankar, Jogisarada, Patnagarh, Ranipur- Jharial, Saintala & Turekela.

Baragarh Baragarh, Debrigarh, Devdarha, Gaisima, Ganiapali, Nrusimhanath Papanga, Barapali & Chikhili.

Sambalpur Chipilima, Gudguda, Hirakud, Huma, Kendhara, Sambalpur & Ushakothi Sonepur Binika (Papakshya Ghat), Chandalipat Puja Dunguri, Charada, Khaliapalli, Kotsamalai (Patali Jagannath Pitha) & Sonepur. Source: Orissa Tourism Department 3.4. Social and Cultural Resources 3.4.1. Population and Communities 109. The total population of Orissa is 36,804,660 persons as per the results of the Census of India, 2001. The decennial growth rate of population of Orissa during 1991-01 was 16.25% as against 20.06% in the previous decade. The sex ratio in the State marginally increased from 971 in 1991 to 972 in 2001 as compared to the all India average, which increased from 927 to 933 during the same period. The density of population, which was 203 persons per sq km in 1991, increased to 236 per sq km in 2001. The urban population of 13.38% in 1991 increased to 14.47 % in 2001. The total population with rural-urban and male-female bifurcation, density and total scheduled caste and scheduled tribe population as per census of India, 2001 has been summarised for all project districts has been summarised in Table 3.18.

Table 3.18 : Demographic Profile of the State and the Project Districts % to total % to Total Population State/ Population Population District Total Density Male% Female % Rural Urban SC ST Orissa 36,804,660 236 50.70 49.30 85.53 14.47 18.20 22.21 Sambalpur 935,613 140 50.78 49.22 73.98 26.02 17.07 35.08 Bargarh 1,346,336 231 50.62 49.38 93.12 6.88 18.44 19.56 Sonepur 541,835 231 50.86 49.14 92.86 7.14 22.11 9.5 Balangir 1,337,194 203 50.40 49.60 89.97 10.03 15.39 22.06 Source: Census of India, 2001 3.4.2. Health Facilities 110. Medical facilities in project districts are not satisfactory. Among different districts, Bolangir has the maximum number of Ayurvedic and Homeopathic centres while PHC’s are highest in the Bargarh district. Number of community health Centre is same in Bargarh, Balangir and Sambalpur. Medical facilities in Sonapur are very poor in compare to other three districts. District wise health facilities in the project districts have been listed in Table 3.19.

3-20 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Table 3.19 : Health Facilities in the State and Project Districts Community Dist. Primary Health Ayurvedic Homeopathic Health /State Health Centre Centre(Mobile) Hospital Health Centre Centre Orissa 158 54 197 533 464 Bargarh 5 42 9 18 14 Balangir 5 38 11 30 16 Sambalpur 5 29 6 13 14 Sonapur 4 17 2 12 4 Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Orissa 3.4.3. Education Facilities and Literacy 111. The overall literacy rate in the state has increased to 63.1% out of which 75.3% are males and females are 50.5% as per 2001 census. Among the project districts, Sambalpur has the highest literacy rate of 67.1% followed by Bargarh (64.13%), Sonepur (64.07) and lowest in Bolangir as 54.93%. The details of educational institutes in the state and project districts have been provided in Table 3.20.

Table 3.20 : Educational Facilities in the State and Project Districts

District Primary School Middle School Secondary School Colleges Literacy % Orissa 42104 11516 6282 1367 63.1 Sambalpur 1033 262 156 31 67.1 Balangir 1933 389 205 63 54.93 Bargarh 1429 404 209 58 64.13 Sonepur 761 176 91 27 64.07 Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Orissa 3.4.4. Socio-Economic Conditions 112. As per 2001 census, the total workers in the state account for 14.27 million which is 35.73% of the total population of the state. The economy of the districts is primarily agricultural which is supported by the fact that cultivators and agricultural labourers together constitute more than 77% in all districts except Sambalpur where urban population is more than that of all other districts (Table 3.21) . Table 3.21 : Different Category of Workers in the State and Project Districts. % of % of agriculture % of main % of total worker State/District cultivators to labour to main worker to to total main workers worker population population Orissa 44.31 17.92 32.19 37.53 Bargarh 45.94 32.56 37.02 44.30 Balangir 49.04 30.89 34.57 40.74 Sambalpur 33.88 33.26 38.12 44.08 Sonepur 48.27 34.01 36.19 44.06 Source: Census of India, 2001

3-21 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

3.4.5. Current use of lands and resources for traditional purposes by Indigenous Peoples 113. Tribal population in the project area is mainly concentrated near Barapalli, Sikir, Saintala, and Negipalli and other forest areas. These populations are dependent on the forest resources both for the primary purpose such as fodder, fuel wood, housing material and for commercial purposes. They support their livelihood from forest resources by harvesting the gum & resin Plate3.11: Dependence of Local people on forest yielding flora species like Terminali tomentosa, Sterculia urens, Lannea cormandelica, Pterocarpus marsupium, shorea robusta. Boswellia serrata etc and collecting Kendu leaf for commercial purpose invariably in all the regions of the forests.

3.4.6. Structures or sites of historical, archaeological, paleontological, or architectural significance 114. There is no such site of significance in the close vicinity of the project area

3-22 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

4. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND ITS MITIGATION MEASURES 115. Environmental impacts have been assessed considering present environmental setting of the project area, nature and extent of the proposed activities. Suitable approach and methodology was adopted to ascertain likely impacts both during\design & construction and operation stage. Description of all possible impact has been addressed vis-à-vis environmental components. Some of the important Impacts associated with operational aspect of the railway viz. maintenance of right-of-way, forest fires, fuel management, waste and wastewater, occupational health and safety has been separately discussed. Adequate mitigation measures have been devised to mitigate/minimise all likely environmental impacts. 4.1. Impact on Physical Environment 4.1.1. Climate and Natural Hazard Design and Construction Phase 116. About 4000 trees are likely to be cut which will have minor to negligible impact on microclimate of the region. 117. The project is likely to have net positive contribution in GHG reduction due to gradual shift in goods transport mode from road to train. 118. There are no studies yet available about the effect of climate change on rainfall or flood pattern of the area, which makes it difficult to recommend specific climate proofing measures. . 119. The project area is draught prone. Withdrawal of ground water may further deplete the aquifers. Water logging or flood may damage the track if due consideration not given in the areas identified as low lying or in high flood risk zone like Bargarh or Sambalpur district. Incidence of traffic blockade/diversion like one due to damage of Bridge on Suktel River in August, 2006 needs to be prevented. Mitigation Measures 120. The maximum possible efforts shall be made for minimizing cutting of the trees while finalising the alignment. Compensatory tree plantation undertaken as per prevailing guidelines of State’s forest department. A minimum of 1:3 bases to be followed for tree plantation. The contractor will be responsible plant these trees or RVNL will get them planted through the forest department for which necessary cost (approximately Rs. 6000,000 @ Rs. 500 per tree) will be borne by RVNL. Besides, additional plantation shall be made in station areas and riverbanks. This will both enhance the aesthetics and useful in checking soil erosion. 121. Ground water should be use optimally and only if its use is unavoidable. Provision of water harvesting shall also be made wherever feasible. 122. HFL levels and 100 years flood return data should be considered while designing the formation height and bridge designs. Adequate cross drainage structures shall be provided wherever incidents of

4-1 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

water logging are identified like station yards during detailed project report preparation stage. Operation Stage 123. The doubling of existing single line will significantly reduce the load on existing road particularly in bulk freight transport resulting in reduced fuel consumption6. The reduced fuel consumption will decrease the CO2 emission considerably, one of the major contributor to the global warming. As per the traffic projection 19,732,244 Million Tonnes (MT) of materials (cement, coal, fertiliser, finished steel, mineral, petroleum products etc) are likely to be transported in the very first year of operation of extra track. This would means movement of additional train (16.58 or say 17) per day. 124. No additional climatic changes/impacts are anticipated during operation stage. Mitigation Measures 125. Locomotive shall be well maintained to ensure its fuel efficiency and minimize CO2 emission. Plantation of additional trees will not only create additional sink for GHG (CO2) but also contribute in improving the overall environmental conditions in immediate vicinity. Adequate steps including periodic tree survival audit shall be taken to ensure survival of these trees. 4.1.2. Air Quality Design and Construction Phase 126. Air quality with respect to dust (SPM, RSPM) & gaseous emissions (SOx, NOx) may be affected for short duration in and around the construction site due to various construction activities and vehicular movement. The main activities /sources of pollutant are likely to be: • Dust during construction of formation (rail bed) and stations, bridge and other facilities • Dust generation from vehicular movement on unpaved roads and due to fast movement • Dust generation from hill cutting, and ballasting operation • Dust generation due to construction materials viz earth, sand, ballasts, cement transportation and handling viz loading, unloading, storage, & use • Dust generation due to existing structures demolition activities and debris disposal • Gaseous emission from construction vehicles and machinery movement • Gaseous emissions from hot mix plants likely to be used for access road construction. 127. The dust (the suspended particulate matter) is likely to settle down within a short distance of its generation point being coarser in nature. Therefore, impact will be temporary and restricted within the closed vicinity of the construction activities.

6 With specific energy consumption of 8 and 21 tonnes of oil equivalent per million tonne kilometre haulage for the rail and road sectors respectively, the energy efficiency of both these systems is self comparable. 4-2 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

128. It is important to mention that there is no habitation nearby the probable blasting sites. Air quality is likely to be affected due to dust but the same is likely to be localised. No impact is anticipated due to any other activity like crushing, sleeper manufacturing etc. since no crushing unit is either proposed under the project as ballast will be procured directly from quarry/crushing unit and readymade sleepers will be outsourced. 129. Hot mix plant is likely to be installed at 2-3 locations for few days. This will generate sulphur di-oxide, particulate matters, and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions as well as CO & un-burnt hydrocarbons in case of in efficient burning. This may affect the air quality of nearby areas especially due to emission discharge from low height stack. Mitigation Measures • Vehicles delivering loose and fine materials like sand and fine aggregates shall be covered. • Loading and unloading of construction materials shall be done in covered area or provisions of water fogging arrangement may be made around these areas. • Storage areas should be located downwind of the habitation area. • Water shall be sprayed on earthworks on a regular basis. During and after compaction of the sub-grade, water shall be sprayed at regular intervals to prevent dust generation. Sprinkling of water on other dust prone areas and construction yard shall also be done. • Regular maintenance of machinery and equipment. Vehicular pollution check shall be made mandatory. • Mixing plants and asphalt (hot mix) plants shall be located at least 1 km downwind of the human settlements and that too only after receiving a No-Objection Certificate from the SPCB. Hot mix plant shall be fitted with stack of adequate height as may be prescribed by SPCB to ensure enough dispersion of exit gases. • Ambient air quality monitoring should be carried out during construction phase. If monitored parameters are above the prescribed limit, suitable control measures must be taken. • Water sprinkling shall be done on unpaved haulage roads. • Controlled blasting shall be done in hill cutting areas. All explosives shall be handled as per applicable regulation. • Trees shall be planted around the construction sites as well and all efforts shall be made to minimise cutting of existing trees around such sites. • All requisite PPEs like helmet, face masks etc. shall be provided to the construction workers • Diesel Generating sets shall be fitted with stack of adequate height as per regulations (Height of stack = height of the building + 0.2 √ KVA. • Low sulphur diesel should be used in DG sets as well as machineries.

4-3 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Operation Phase 130. Loading and unloading of material at station yards cause substantial fugitive dust generation7. Movement of trucks at yard shall generate dust especially due to spill over and settled material at the platforms and around. However, these impacts again will be localised. Movement of diesel locomotive & locomotive condition will also generate additional emissions however, that will be minimal and vastly spread. 131. Continued storage of minerals like iron ore and bauxite or spillages of these material on an unpaved surface of the yard and around may cause soil, ground water pollution and air (lighter particles which becomes airborne during high winds) pollution like at Hirakud Station. 132. Traffic congestion at railway crossings may cause localised air pollution due to vehicle idling Mitigation Measures 133. Specific guidelines shall be formulated for material handling practices (particularly for loading and unloading) of the materials. Instruction defining precautions like: • Avoid practices of throwing of the bags while unloading from racks and loading to trucks. • The spill over material shall be collected immediately after unloading and efforts shall be made for its recycle / reuse. • Use of enclosed cars or covering of open cars used to carry minerals and grains to reduce fugitive dust emissions. 134. The unloading area shall be paved. Feasibility of mechanical sweeper and loading and unloading option may also be explored. Thick plantation shall be carried out around unloading areas to prevent spread of fugitive dusts. 135. The workers shall be provided with face masks and other Personal protective equipments (PPEs) 136. Though there is insignificant pollution from diesel locomotive movement, however following improvement measures shall be adopted to minimise air pollution and also increase energy efficiency: • Use of low sulphur diesel, • Use of energy efficient locomotives • Optimization of the running time with efficient operation schedules. 137. The electrification is also an effective option but is costs intensive. In long run, this option shall also be explored. 138. Traffic should be regulated to avoid traffic congestion. The halt time should not be more than 15 minutes as per usual practice of railways.

7 During field visits, it was noticed that loading and unloading in the yard was being carried out without any consideration to environmental issues. Substanial dust was generating during this activity. Even workers were not wearing the face mask. 4-4 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

4.1.3. Noise and Vibration Design and Construction Phase 139. Ambient noise level may increase temporarily in the close vicinity of construction activities, maintenance workshops and vehicles & earthmoving equipment. However, this increase may be negligible or marginal as source noise will be lesser or equal to the existing noise levels. The expected increase at a distance of 100 m with the source noise of 70 dB(A) is likely to be of the order of only 3 dB(A). There are only few inhabitations along the track other than stations areas. 140. Hill cutting activity shall increase impulsive noise and vibration level substantially in the nearby areas. Since probable hill cutting locations are away from inhabited areas, this impact is expected to be insignificant. Mitigation Measures • All equipment shall be timely serviced and properly maintained to minimize its operational noise. • Blasting if required shall be restricted to daytime only. All the statutory laws, regulations, rules etc, pertaining to procurement, transport, storage, handling and use of explosives shall be strictly followed. Blasting shall be carried out as per pre announced scheduled which shall be also displayed in advance... • Stationary noise making equipments shall be placed along un- inhabited stretches. • Provision of temporary noise barrier shall be made near sensitive locations viz near Khosala School. If temporary noise barriers are not feasible then regulate construction activity and timing so as the impact intensity is minimised. • Protection devices (earplugs or earmuffs) shall be provided to the workers operating near high noise generating machines. • Construction equipment and machinery shall be fitted with silencers and maintained properly. • Noise measurements should be carried out along the track to ensure the effectiveness of mitigation measures. Operation Phase 141. During the operational phase, train movement is the prime source of noise and vibration. The train movement will result in impulsive increase in vibration and nearby ambient noise levels. However, with limited number of train movement the impulsive noise peaks will be low and within the acceptable limits. The Plate 4.1: A noise sensitive location; Khosala noise level though at School near ch. Km 582.0 nearby schools, religious place may disturbing the activities.

4-5 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Mitigation Measures • Noise barriers shall be maintained near at noise sensitive locations by multilayered plantations. Possibility may also be explored to guide the building owner for insulating the windows of the building concerned. • Speed limitation in vibration and noise sensitive location like hospitals, schools. • Construct the rail line using long welded track to minimise the number of joints

4.1.4. Impact on Land and Soil 4.1.4.1 Loss of Productive Soil and Change in Land use Design and Construction Phase 142. Total land requirement is 59.01 acres. Out of this, 40.262 acres is government Land, 16.234 acres is private land and 2.511 acres is under forest. Most of the government land is unproductive barren or wasteland. The agricultural land likely to be acquired in different districts is negligible compared to the net shown area of the districts (Table 4.1). This means that project would cause negligible impact in terms of loss of agricultural produce. Table 4.1 : Total Agricultural Land loss and Net sown Area in the Project District. Total Land Likely to % of land to be acquired to Districts Net Sown Area be Acquired in acre Net Sown Area Sambalpur 148460 0. 0.06 Balangir 295457 9.839 Bargarh 285665 6.055 Need to be recalculated Sonepur 94381 0.28 Need to be recalculated Source: Land Acquisition Plan for the project and Orissa Statistical abstract, 2007 143. The land use pattern was also analysed upto 2 Km either side of the track with the use of GIS techniques. As can be seen from the land use pattern shown in Figure 4.1, that most of the area around the track is agricultural and forested. The proposed project will change the land use to the extent of agricultural land (31.76 ha) and forest land (4.81 ha) diverted to the project purposes.

4-6 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Figure 4.1 : Land Use Map (2 Km either side of the track)

4-7 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Mitigation Measures 144. All efforts have been made to minimize the total land acquisition while finalizing the alignment. The top soil from the productive land shall be preserved and reuse for plantation purposes. It shall also be used for embankment slop for growing vegetation to protect soil erosion. 145. Compensatory afforestation plan shall be implemented in consultation with forest department to compensate the loss of forest cover. 4.1.4.2 Land Slides and Soil Erosion 146. Mahanadi river basin (through which the entire subproject track traverses) is known for its good erosion potential. However, it is limited to its deltaic region, which is downstream from the project area before falling in Bay of Bengal. Moreover, neither Mahanandi River nor its tributaries flow along the project corridor. They are only cutting across the railway line. The inhabited areas are also protected through protective Bunds. Therefore, no soil erosion of rail bed is anticipated. 147. Soil erosion may be anticipated temporarily during construction stage near (i) Hill cutting sections: Negipali RF (Km 652.5), Hirapur Hill (Km 664.1- Km 665.9), Matkhlai RF (Km (686.1 - 689.3) Banji RF (693.7 - 696.4), Sunadki RF Km ( 696.7 - 698.2), Hills ( 699.3 - 699.8), Bernai RF (Km 703.1-732.4), Bajtihal RF (Km 732.8 -733.6), Sagarha RF (734.7 - 735.9) (ii) Major bridge approaches: Mahanadi, Ong, Tel and Jira river crossings, (iii) wherever clearance of vegetation is required for site preparation, (iv) proposed earth stock piles locations and borrow pits areas (v) Track embankment. The intensity of soil erosion at different locations will be influenced by the lithology, topography, soil type and climatic condition (mainly rainfall) and drainage pattern. 148. Scouring and erosion of riverbank slopes is anticipated during bridge construction. Landslides vulnerable location was identified just before Mahanadi Bridge near Sambalpur (Ch. Km 565.8) where boulders from Laxmudungri hills occasionally falls and may cause road and rail accidents as well. Road and railway track run side Plate 4.1: Landslide prone location near by side along the hill at Chainage km. 565.80 very close distances. Mitigation Measures • Scouring protection structures shall be built at riverbank slopes. If required, the banks shall be protected by geo-textiles matting. If banks are damaged, the same shall be repaired immediately after completion of construction activity.

4-8 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

• Avoiding construction work at erosion prone location during Monsoon. • Cross drainage structure shall be provided to maintain the natural drainage pattern. • Provision of side drain to guide the water to natural outfalls. • Stone pitching wherever necessary. • Ballast/earth available from cutting shall be used for filling, as construction of access road, stations and embankments. When soil is spread on slopes for permanent disposal, it shall be buttressed at the toe by retaining walls. The surface of the slope shall be stabilized as necessary, prior to seeding. • Turfing of embankment slopes shall be done along the stretch. Provision shall be made for slope protection frames, dry stone pitching, and masonry retaining walls as may be required. • All steep cuts in both hard rock areas and unconsolidated soil shall be flattened and benched. Retaining wall on both sides shall be provided. Shrubs shall be planted immediately in loose soil area. • Soil erosion shall be visually checked on slopes and high embankment areas along rail during construction phase. In case soil erosion is found, suitable measures including shall be taken to control the soil erosion including bio turfing. • Adequate engineering measures such as retaining walls shall be taken to avoid any accident anticipated at landslide vulnerable location. As a secondary preventive measure, railway line shall be secured by constructing barricades to restrict the boulders fall on the railway lines. Operation Phase 149. Soil near low-lying areas and near bridge approaches where unexpected rainfall may erode the embankment formation. Soil erosion condition may if borrow area are not stabilized/restored properly. Mitigation Measures • Monitoring of rehabilitation plan of borrow areas in tune with proposed rehabilitation plan as appended in Appendix 4.1 • Regular monitoring of side-drains and cross drainage structures to check blockade. • Periodic checking shall be carried out to assess the effectiveness of stabilization measures viz. turfing, stone pitching etc. taken during construction phase. A detailed inventorization and study to assess the location, reasons of soil erosion along the embankment during operation phase shall be taken up. Suitable strengthening measures shall be taken to prevent reoccurrence of soil erosion at existing erosion prone locations and prevent erosion at newer locations. 4.1.4.3 Borrow Areas and Quarries 150. The topography of the project area is dominated by rolling uplands consist of medium grained hard soil particularly red moorrum which is favourable for formation. Majority of earth will be borrowed from govt. wasteland and comparatively elevated and less productive privately owned farmland. All local farmers were ready to provide

4-9 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

earth from their field up to certain depth on adequate compensation. However, any uncontrolled borrowing may result in loss of productive soil. During field visit instances of uncontrolled borrowing was noticed. 151. Illegal quarrying may lead to unstable soil condition. Ballast material is proposed to be procured only from existing and approved quarries in the area. Opening of new quarries is not envisaged due to the proposed project. There is no. of ballast manufacturing units in the area. The list of identified borrow areas and quarries is given in Table 2.8.

Mitigation Measures Plate 4.2 & 4.3: View of abandoned and unrehabilitated Borrow area • Borrow pits shall be selected from wasteland . • Borrow areas should be excavated as per the intended end use by the owner. The Indian Road Congress (IRC):10-1961 guideline should be used for selection of borrow pits and amount that can be borrowed. • Borrow areas should not be located on cultivable lands except in the situations where land owners desires to lower the level of the land. The top soil shall be preserved and depth shall be restricted to the desired level. • No private/fertile land acquisition shall be done for borrow areas. Borrow pits shall not be selected nearby the settlement. • Priority shall be given to the borrowing from humps/upland/mounds and lowering of agricultural fields above the general ground level. However, lowering of the agricultural fields shall be with the consent of farmer. • The depths in borrow pits to be regulated so that the sides shall not be steeper than 25%, • Borrow pits shall be centrally located to serve more than one site. The haulage distance from site should not be too far. • Borrow area shall be rehabilitated. The rehabilitation option may include converting it into fishpond in consultation with landowner or community. 4.1.4.4 Compaction and Contamination of Soil 152. Soil in the adjoining productive lands beyond the RoW, haulage roads, and construction camp area may be compacted due to movement of construction vehicles, machineries and equipments. Approach road close to most of the bridge construction sites are available. However still additional land shall be required for construction camps, and workshops. 4-10 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

153. Soil may be contaminated due to inappropriate disposal of liquid waste, (lubricating oil and fuel spills, waste oil & lubricant and vehicle/equipment washing effluent) and solid waste (fuel filters, oily rags) likely to be generated from repair and maintenance of transport vehicles, construction equipment and machinery. Soil may set contaminated due to inappropriate disposal of domestic solid waste and sewage from construction camps. Mitigation Measures • Fuel and lubricants shall be stored at the predefined storage location. The storage area shall be paved with gentle slope to a corner and connected with a chamber to collect any spills of the oils. • All efforts shall be made to minimise the waste generation. Unavoidable waste shall be stored at the designated place prior to disposal. To avoid soil contamination at the wash-down and re- fuelling areas, “oil interceptors” shall be provided. Oil and grease spill and oil soaked materials are to be collected and stored in labelled containers (Labelled: WASTE OIL; and hazardous sign be displayed) and sold off to SPCB/ MoEF authorized re-refiners. • To prevent soil compaction in the adjoining productive lands beyond the RoW, the movement of construction vehicles, machinery and equipment shall be restricted to the designated haulage route. • Approach roads shall be designed along the barren and hard soil area to reduce the compaction induced impact on soil. • The productive land shall be reclaimed after construction activity. • Septic tank or mobile toilets fitted with anaerobic treatment facility shall be provided at construction camp. • Domestic solid waste at construction camp shall be segregated into biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste. The non- biodegradable and recyclable waste shall be sold off. Biodegradable waste shall be compacted in mechanised and movable composter. Non-biodegradable and non-saleable waste shall be disposed off to authorised landfill site. If land fill site not available then burial of the waste in a secured manner shall be ensured. Operation Stage 154. No impact on soil is anticipated during operation phase of the project except (i) near low lying areas and near bridge, approaches where unexpected rainfall may erode the embankment formation and deterioration of borrow areas. 155. Soil contamination may occur due to storage of minerals (primarily iron ore) on unpaved surface as evidenced at Hirakud Station.

4-11 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Plate 4.4: View of environmentally unacceptable practices for handling/transportation of Iron ores near Hirakud station

Mitigation measures 156. Monitoring of borrow areas rehabilitation plan in tune with the proposed rehabilitation plan appended as appendix 4.1. 157. Regular monitoring of side drains and cross drainage structures to check blockade. 158. Periodic checking shall be carried to assess the effectiveness of the stabilization measures viz. turfing, stone pitching etc. taken during construction phase. A detailed inventorization and study to assess the location, reasons of soil erosion along the embankment during operation phase shall be taken up. Suitable strengthening measures shall be taken to prevent reoccurrence of soil erosion at existing erosion prone locations and prevent erosion at new location. 159. The loading/unloading and storage area for iron ores shall be paved to avoid soil contamination. Fine particles of iron ores may be collected and recycled. 4.1.5. Water Resources 4.1.5.1 Groundwater Design and Construction Stage 160. The proposed project can affect the ground water resources mainly due to uncontrolled extraction of groundwater for construction purpose. The ground water tables goes down during dry season to the level of 100 m at Balangir & other places. 161. Contamination of groundwater is not envisaged since all construction camps will have septic tanks or mobile toilets depending on the number of workers in each camp. Water will be mainly required for compaction of formation and for domestic purpose in the workers camp. The quantity of water requirement for formation is yet to be ascertained which depends mainly on the moisture content of the earth material to be used for formation. Water for construction purpose will be mainly sourced from nearby surface water body or ground. River water will be used for Sambalpur-Attabira-Godbagha section. Water will be drawn from intake wells from riverbed of Tel and Suktel River at sections near Bolangir and Titlagarh respectively. In rest of 4-12 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

the section, deep tube wells/open dug wells will be used. Drinking and domestic water requirement for workers camp will be the arranged by the contractor but is likely to be from ground water abstraction. Mitigation Measures 162. The contractor shall arrange for water required for construction in such a way that the water availability and supply to nearby communities remain unaffected. Since most of surface water bodies go dry during summer season, it is proposed that water-harvesting structures shall be constructed at all the stations. This will serve though very limited purpose but it will demonstrate the Railways commitment for environmental protection. The check dams shall also be constructed wherever feasible and in consultation with community to reduce burden on ground water resources or augment ground Water resources. 163. Efforts shall be made that water intensive activities are not undertaken during summer period (April, May June) Operation Stage 164. Groundwater will be abstracted for domestic purpose in the proposed residential colonies. Water demand during operation phase will also increase after doubling at stations. The stress on groundwater will increase at stations where water requirement is met through groundwater abstraction. 165. Groundwater may get contaminated from leachate of iron ore further to subsoil due prolong storage in unpaved areas. Mitigation Measures 166. Stress on groundwater may be reduced by augmenting it through rainwater harvesting. Awareness about judicious use of water shall be made amongst the passengers, staffs and other users. Wherever, installation of harvesting structures is not technically feasible, rainwater may be collected in sumps, which can be used for various usages other than drinking and domestic purpose. 167. Storage of iron ores shall be made at paved areas. 4.1.5.2 Surface water Design and Construction Stage 168. In total 84 water bodies falls in the sub project area within 100 m either side of the track. These water bodies are either river, or canal or pond. All the rivers, canal or nala (43 numbers) are crossing the track perpendicularly and will require construction of bridge over it. The remaining water bodies are ponds with which mostly gets created during rainy season and goes dry during summer season. Some of these ponds will be affected due to construction of rail bed. Most of these tanks are used for bathing and clothes washing and other miscellaneous use. No such water bodies are used for fishing or other commercial purposes. 169. The construction of bridge may result in temporary alteration of watercourse flow and channel morphology. Since there is no significant aquatic life in these water bodies, the impact on aquatic life is considered insignificant. The piling and other construction activity and bank erosion may increase sedimentation level of the river. The

4-13 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

water opening of small nala or canal may get clogged if proper planning and attention not given. 170. Construction of bridge and river training structure may increase the flow of water and cause erosion downstream. Since the single lane bridge already existing and hence, additional bridge will cause very little change in river flow velocity. Bridge construction may cause hazardous traffic situation if not controlled or regulated. The construction of bridge particularly at Mahanadi River will pose construction stage risk to workers safety due to high water in the river. Bridge may wash away, if design is not made considering likely high speed of the train, and highest water level under the bridge. Mitigation Measure 171. The piling work shall be undertaken during low flow period. Attempt to reduce number of pillars in the water stream. Bridge design shall be designed considering 100 years flow return, highest water level at bridge locations, right angle to the river flow to the extend feasible. The changes in the stream if any made during construction shall be restored to its original level. Precautions shall be made that no nala or canal is clogged. Following additional measures shall be adopted : • Substructure construction should be limited to the dry season and cofferdams may be constructed and utilized to lift the spoil directly out of it and carried to the riverbank for land disposal. • The slopes of embankment leading to water bodies shall be modified suitably to restrict the contaminants entering water bodies. • Silt fencing and/or brush barrier shall be installed for collecting sediments before letting them into the water body. Silt/sediment should be collected and stockpiled for possible reuse as surfacing of slopes where they have to be re-vegetated. • Large construction camps shall be avoided along the alignment and located away habituated areas and water bodies. Construction labourers shall be preferable from local population. Sewage from labour camps will treat through septic tanks. No untreated sanitary wastewater shall be discharged into surface water bodies. • Prior permission from competent authority shall be taken before drawing surface water for construction purpose. • Water quality shall be monitored as envisaged in the Environmental Monitoring Plan. Operation Stage 172. Largely, no impact is anticipated during the operation phase on the surface water bodies. However, regular checks shall be done along the alignment to ensure that flow of water is maintained through cross drains and other channels to avoid their blockade/ choking. Regular monitoring of siltation shall be done. 173. The diesel locomotive tends to leak used oil, which may contaminate the water of the respective canal/water bodies.

4-14 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Plate 4.5: Leakage of used oil through Diesel Locomotives observed along the Project Corridor

Mitigation Measure 174. Feasibility shall be established of installing collection tray under the canal bridge to prevent canal/water bodies water contamination. 175. Maintain the river training structure and embankment to ensure that water flows is maintained. 4.2. Impact on Biological Environment 4.2.1. Terrestrial Ecology 4.2.1.1 Disturbance to Vegetation Design and Construction Stage 176. There would be impact on terrestrial flora in the form of loss of vegetation cover due to tree cutting. Out of the total number of trees enumerated within 15 m (12,453), approximately 4000 trees needs to be cleared for doubling purpose. The trees along the railway tracks are mostly small to medium girth size and non-fruit bearing in nature. There are several forest areas through which the existing and proposed double line is passing through. The total acquisition in different forest areas has been estimated to be 4.81 ha. The vegetation density in affected forests is low due to scanty rainfall pattern in the area. Hence, impact on vegetation loss is anticipated to be medium to low looking at the length of doubling involved. The break-up of land acquisition in forest areas has been tabulated at Table 4.2.

Table 4.2 : Details of Acquisition in Forest areas

S. No Block- Sections Revenue Chainage Name of Total Area Village Km. Forest Length (Ha) 1 Balangir- Naraynpur 688 Banji RF 371.9 0.2 Deogaon Raipalli 693-694 213.6 0.2 2 Badmal –Sikir Bernai 727-729 Bernai RF 1945.0 4.11 3. Sikir-Titlagarh Tulang 735 Open Forest 119.0 0.3

Mitigation Measure 177. Efforts will be taken to minimise tree cutting. Efforts shall also be made to transplant the trees as much as possible. Special attention 4-15 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

shall be taken to minimise cutting of medicinal plants if any required to be cut. Restriction shall be made to use timber wood as fuel source in construction camps. Compensatory afforestation in 1:3 trees will be done for each no. of trees likely to be cut. Additional plantation will be carried out in station areas, riverbanks and wherever, right-of way is comparatively more. Trees to be planted will be preferably native in species avoiding the monoculture practices like planting Teak or Sisoo. All tree plantations will be carried out in close consultation with forest department. Adequate horizontal distance shall be maintained between track and rows of tree on both sides to avoid any interference between passenger and trees limbs/branches/canopy during train movement. 178. The suggested plant species favourable for plantation in the area are- Shorea robusta, Mitragyna parvifolia, Hespenthusa alata, Lagerstroemia parviflora, Caryota urens, Terminalia hebula, Anogeisus latifolia, Adina cordifolia, Boswellia serrata, Lannea coromandelica, Diospyros sylvatica, Pterocarpus marsupium, Terminalia alata, Ougenia oojenesis, Papilionaceae (Fabaceae),Cleistanthus collinus, Buchanania lanzen, Callicarpa macrophylla, Cassia fistula, Terminalia arjuna, Lagerstroemia speciosa, Acacia auriculiformis, Ficus glomerata,Syzygium cuminii, Albizia procera ,Trewia nudiflora, Dalbergia sissoo, Vitex penduncularis,Mangifera indica, Saraca asoca, , Listia glutinosa, Acacia catechu, Sterculia villosa,Careya arborea ,Bombax ceiba area the economically important plant. Species which needs more water like Eucalyptus spp. should be avoided for planting 179. Obtain the forest clearance from concerned forest department. Adequate compensatory afforestation on 1:3 bases shall be taken up. Operation Stage 180. No direct impact is anticipated during operation stage except accidental damages or absence of proper tree management. Mitigation Measures 181. Arrangement shall be made to ensure survivability of the tree plantation. The Social Forest Department or Divisional forest offices of Bolangir (East), Bolangir (West), Bargarh, Sambalpur (South) shall be consulted or involved in this programme. The tree survivability audit shall also be conducted at least once in a year to assess the effectiveness of the Programme. 4.2.1.2 Habitat Fragmentation and Destruction 182. No fresh habitat fragmentation is envisaged during construction stage. However, minor increase in the existing fragmentation width is anticipated. This will have less impact on the fauna present in the area due to its low density. Less density of fauna implies lesser use of the railway track for crossing from either side of the already bisected reserved forests. The doubling may have minor impact in the Negipali Reserved Forest where elephant movement passage exists and doubling will increase the time taken by elephants for crossing the track. Mitigation Measures 183. Existing ground situation to be maintained.

4-16 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

4.2.1.3 Elephant Movement Passage 184. The Asian elephant, “Elephas maximus” habited in the Bolangir (east forest Areas) regularly visit8 the Barpahar/Negipali reserve forest in search of food, mineral and water. They cross the railway track between Khaliapalli and Loisinga Station as shown at Figure 4.2 and Figure 4.3 during the month of April - June. They cross the railway line either over the track or through the bridge located in this area. Doubling will increase the crossing time of the elephant over the railway track and will marginally increase the accidental9 risk..

Figure 4.2 : Movement Path of Elephants along/across the Railway line

8 The Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 deals with protection of wild life, these rules don’t cover the movement of wildlife in a non protected areas. 9 No instance of Elephant death or collision is reported so far in this track 4-17 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Figure 4.3 :Movement Path of Elephants along/across the Railway line on Google Image

Mitigation Measures 185. Retro-reflective type of the warning boards will be installed like the ones installed in the approaches of the elephant crossings in S.E. Railway in Goelekera- Manoharpur Section of Chakradharpur Division (Jharkhand). The photograph is shown at Figure 4.4. This Board will give warning to the drivers about the designated crossings of the elephant. 186. Inclusion of location of such crossing in the working timetable of the section to familiarise the drivers operating in the section. 187. Provision of dedicated elephant crossing similar to one being successfully functional at Goelekera - Manoharpur rail section. 188. Make provision of fencing both side of the track on the line of fencing already existing in S.E. Railway in the Goelekera- Manoharpur section to regulate their movement at designated location. Prior approval for fencing design shall be obtained from forests department prior to its installation. 189. Construction activity should be avoided at night between April to June between Khaliapalli and Loisinga station when the movement frequency of elephant is more. 190. Set-up a proper communication system between State Forest Department and the Railways so that drivers can be informed of the presence of elephant herd in advance. 191. Install awareness boards in the nearby villages with contact details of forest officers and rangers of the area and nearby railway stationmasters. 192. Designate a nodal officer to handle elephant accident prevention and death cases.

4-18 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

193. During construction period, regular awareness programme shall be organised amongst the nearby villages about “Human-elephant conflict and their role” and seek their support for advance communication regarding elephant movement either directly or through forests officers. Also, consult and advise villagers to avoid plantation of sugarcane, paddy and bamboos nearby railway track.

Figure 4.4 : Photographs of Retro-Reflective Boards placed in Goelekera- Manoharpur section

4-19 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Operation Stage 194. With the implementation of all measures recommended in the design stage, the accident risks to the wild animals/elephants will be minimal. Other operation stage specific recommended measures are mentioned below. Mitigation Measures: 195. Adequate retro -reflective signboard ( as fixed in Goelekera – Manoharpur which is quite successful refer figure 4.4) to be fixed at appropriate places to caution the driver about the elephant movement passage 196. The communication system shall be maintained so that forest department could inform the railway stationmasters about the elephant/animal movement. 197. All locomotives passing through elephant corridor must be fitted with powerful (light) beams. 198. The speed of the train must be slowed down (preferably to 10 km per hour) when running in elephant corridor areas in between April to June specifically night time when probability of elephant movement is high. 199. Driver must be instructed for continuous hooting in elephant movement passage. 200. Train must be stopped if driver spots elephant movement near railway line. 201. Clear all the vegetative growth on 30 m width on both sides of the railway track.

4.2.1.4 Endangered Species 202. No major impact is anticipated except the Asian elephant movement disturbance. Other endangered species is low in density and remain away from areas near to the railway track. Areas nearby the track were found to be very thinly populated with the prey species like deer, wild boars etc. since they use the deeper portion of the forests. Only three schedule I (as per Indian Wildlife Protection Act, 1972) mammal species were reported in the area, but these are not found in the project area. The reptilian fauna and the amphibian fauna found would not be affected either during the construction of the new track in any way. Mitigation Measures 203. Driver shall be cautioned to control the speed in these forest areas to avoid any accident with animals. 4.2.2. Aquatic Ecology 4.2.2.1 Effect on Fishing Activities/ Productivity Design and Construction Stage 204. Fishing activities were recorded in two areas viz. at Saintala, which is away from the railway track and in the Sector I, Sector II of the Hirakud reservoir near to the Sambalpur town, which is maintained

4-20 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

by the Orissa State Fishery Department at district level. The landing station at the Hirakud reservoir fish culture area is away from the railway track. 205. Construction of bridges over the rivers, water bodies may increase the turbidity level in the water near the construction areas temporarily. However, the water of the Hirakud reservoir and the other rivers usually remains turbid and fishes present in such water are accustomed to the turbid water. Hence, no major impact is anticipated on aquatic fauna in the project area. Mitigation Measures • Best construction practices shall be adopted to prevent increase in situation level of the water. The construction shall be planned in a manner that construction is done away from active channel in the river. • Underground noise level due to pile driving for bridges shall be kept well within sustainable limit for the aquatic life. Operation Stage 206. No impact is envisaged during operation phase of the project and hence no mitigation proposed. 4.2.2.2 Migratory Routes: 207. There is no migratory route of fishes through the rivers crossed by the railway track. However, the local movement as usual is there below the bridge over the rivers and water bodies. 4.2.2.3 Effect on Spawning and Breeding Grounds Design and Construction Stage 208. Along the whole stretch of the Sambalpur-Titlagarh sub-project section; there are few breeding grounds other than the Hirakud reservoir and rivers mentioned in the Table 3.5. Most of these fish species breed between the months of April to August. 209. In the Hirakud dam also few species of fishes prefer shallow water to breed/spawn while rest breeds in deeper water of the reservoir. Mitigation Measures 210. The construction activity shall be restricted during the breeding period in the months of April-August at the breeding sites mentioned. Siltation and water contamination shall be prevented to reduce turbidity. In the riparian area of the rivers, plantation shall be done which will help in maintaining the rivers banks free from massive erosion. The tree plantation should be in parallel with the construction activities. Operation Stage 211. No impact is envisaged during operation phase of the project and hence no mitigation proposed. 4.3. Socio-Economic Impact 212. No negative social impact is envisaged except minor land acquisition and establishment loss (for details refer the Social assessment report10). The proposed project will result in increased

10 Detail social impact assessment is separterly carried our under this TA 4-21 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

employment opportunities for local people during construction stage. The demographic configuration will be largely unchanged since majority of the workers will be from local area. Bottlenecks at level crossings where traffic congestion is high will be removed by providing Road over bridges. Pedestrian crossings in settlement areas will improve social interaction between communities. Accidents risks to people will be reduced to minimum by converting all unmanned level crossing to manned level crossings. 213. During operation phase of the project, significant socio-economic development will take place in the region. The proposed doubling will enhance the traffic scenario by providing high speed, safe and reliable, economical and all weather train service. 214. The present rail section provides an important link to transport minerals and ores like coal, limestone, steel, cement, alumina, Gypsum, Ferro chrome from product locations to Industries and other central distribution locations. The proposed doubling with enhanced capacity will improve investment environment for industries creating more employment opportunities to local people. Since there are numerous places of tourist attractions in and around the project districts, the doubling will increase the tourist movement in the area, which in many terms will boost the local economy. 4.4. Accident Risk and Safety Design and Construction Stage 215. The following safety aspects viz. (i) safety related with handling of machines, equipments and welding of rails (ii) rail safety at road intersections and (iii) safety to cattle and other wild animals; (iv) unsafe/ hazardous traffic conditions due to construction vehicle movement need to be considered during design and construction stage. Mitigation measures • During the construction phase, contractors shall be required to adopt and maintain safe working practices. Usage of appropriate signage in local language at the construction sites should be displayed generously and visibly to make the travellers aware of the ongoing work. Adequate lighting and fluorescent signage shall be provided at the construction sites. • Pedestrian passageways shall be provided near settlement on both sides. • Underpasses in forest areas at suitable locations after detail investigation of their movement path. Forest range officers shall be consulted before finalizing the exact location of underpasses. • All road crossings where traffic intensity is high shall be grade- separated. • Distance between railway level crossing and nearby road intersection/level crossing shall be increased. • Separation of two-way traffic by solid white centre lines or physical medians, and separation of slow and fast road traffic at the railway level crossing. • Training shall be provided to workers, especially machinery operators, on safety procedures and precautions. Helmet will be required at all construction sites. PPEs must be provided to

4-22 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

workers involved in welding of rails. Electrodes residual must be disposed off in a scientifically acceptable manner. • The contractor will be required to appoint a safety officer who will conduct regular safety inspections at construction sites. Operation phase 216. Important issues related with safety during operational phase are monitoring of emergencies and establishing procedures to carry out rescues during sudden disasters such as floods, fires, high winds, and accidents. 217. Emergency equipments will be stockpiled in stations along the alignment and personnel will be trained to serve on rescue teams. To further ensure public safety, the right-of-way close to habitation shall be fenced. Pedestrian passageways will be constructed under the raised railway embankment to allow people to cross from one side of the track to the other in populated areas. All road crossings will be grade-separated. Use of latest railway operational mechanism is recommended to avoid derailment, collisions, and other accident risks. 4.5. Impacts due to Construction Camp 218. Poor sitting and improper management of construction camp may lead to several adverse impacts on environment viz. (i) loss of vegetation due to use of wood as fuel source for cooking (ii) deterioration in nearby surface water bodies’ quality (iii) compaction and contamination of soil due to uncontrolled disposal of solid waste (iv) unhealthy condition due to unsafe drinking water supply to labourers and discharge of sewage. Mitigation measures 219. Construction camp shall be located considering its accessibility to all social and physical infrastructures to utilize the available resources in the region. No productive land should be utilised for setting up of construction camp. All camps should be well drained. All sites must be graded, ditched and rendered free from depressions such that water may get stagnant and become a nuisance. The living accommodation and ancillary facilities for labour shall be erected and maintained to standards and scales approved by the resident engineer. All camps should maintain minimum distance of 500 m from habitation, water bodies and through traffic route and1000m from forest areas. 220. All construction camps shall be provided sanitary latrines and urinals with provision of septic tanks attached with soak pits. Storm water drains shall be provided for the flow of used water outside the camp. Drains and ditches shall be treated with bleaching powder on a regular basis. Compliance with the relevant legislation must be strictly adhered. Garbage bins must be provided in the camp and regularly emptied and the garbage disposed off in a hygienic manner. LPG cylinders shall be provided as fuel source for cooking to avoid any tree cutting. 221. At every workplace, a readily available first-aid unit including an adequate supply of sterilized dressing materials and appliances shall be provided. Workplaces remote and far away from regular hospitals shall have indoor health units with one bed for every 250 workers. Suitable transport shall be provided to facilitate taking 4-23 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

injured and ill persons to the nearest hospital. At every workplace, an ambulance containing the prescribed equipment and nursing staff shall be provided. 222. At every construction site, provision of a day crèche shall be worked out to enable women to leave behind their children. At construction sites where 20 or more women are ordinarily employed, provision shall be made for a hutment for use of children under the age of 6 years belonging to such women. 4.6. Impacts due to Proposed Residential Buildings 223. Altogether 55 quarters are proposed to be constructed to accommodate approximately 175 persons for the likely additional requirement for staffs during operation phase of the project. The tentative locations are Sambalpur, Bargarh, Bolangir and Titlagarh. All existing facilities are already available at these stations. Since all these quarters are not located at one particular place, incremental stress on existing resources is minimal. 224. Water requirement and Sewage discharge: The total water requirement will be approximately 37 KLD. The water will be sourced through deep tube wells. The project area is neither in notified areas nor in areas notified for registration of ground water abstraction structures identified by Central Ground Water Authority. However, due to scanty rainfall pattern in area, depth to water table is depleting continuously. The additional load on groundwater resources shall be augmented by providing rainwater harvesting structures if technically feasible. 225. The total sewage generation will be approximately 30 KLD. All sewage will be treated through septic tanks. Hence, no impact on water quality is anticipated. 226. Solid waste: Total solid waste likely to be generated is estimated to be 87 Kg/day. All domestic waste shall be segregated at source into bio degradable and non-biodegradable and will be disposed to the identified solid waste dumping grounds. Feasibility of installing small bio-composter may also be explored. 227. Noise and Vibrations: All residential buildings will be safely located not to be impacted due to noise or vibration by train movement. If any such structure is within the impacted zone all such structure shall be vibration prone and with insulated windows. 228. Drainage: Adequate drainage facilities will be provided to avoid any water logging within the premises. Storm water will be allowed to rainwater harvesting pits (will be constructed if found technically feasible) and over flow will be drained though existing storm water channels. 4.7. Impact on Existing Common Property Resources/Utilities 229. There are various types of community structures/ facilities/utilities along the proposed alignment. But very few of them are likely to be impacted. Only 30-35 permanent structures are likely to be dislocated. One dug well and 2 hand pumps need to be relocated. Shifting of telephone and electrical lines needs to be done at certain locations. The table provides the location for electrical and telephone line shifting. Table 4.3 : Shifting Locations for Electrical and Telephone Lines 4-24 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Distance from centre of track( in M) Sr. No Km. ( EX- HWH) Left hand side Right hand side Electrical Line 1 586.735 10.00 06.40 2 605.109 19.50 11.20 3 624.6757 04.70 16.90 4 679.379 05.80 06.00 Telephone Line 1 566.99 10.00 18.50 2 572.99 07.50/18.00 07.00/18.00 3 573.09 03.52/18.00 03.50/18.00 4 581.01 04.00 04.00 5 584.154 03.90/18.00 03.10/08.50 6 587.795 11.00 13.00 7 592.29 05.70/20.00 05.70/16.00 8 595.4 04.00 04.30 9 602.64 03.80/22.00 03.80/14.80 10 605.84 02.30 09.50 11 570.5 04.00 04.00 12 635.04 03.50 03.50 13 649.28 09.50 09.50 14 651.27 07.80/15.00 13.00/30.00 15 679.42 07.50 18.00 16 680.18 08.00 08.00 17 700.48 03.50 04.50 18 710.67 02.90/25.00 02.80/36.00 19 724.8 08.50 08.50 20 734.66 03.80/21.00 03.80/70.00 21 743.7 04.00/19.40 04.00/32.00 22 744.1 03.40/13.80 07.70/14.00 Mitigation Measures 230. Geometric adjustment has been done while finalizing the alignment to minimize the loss to any such facilities. Any such structures even falling within RoW but out of required formation width shall be saved. Alternate access has to be provided to these structures during construction stage. All community structures likely to dismantle shall be suitably relocated. All community utilities likely to be impacted, such as sources of water, community centres, etc. shall be relocated to suitable places.

4.8. Right-of –Way Maintenance 231. Unchecked growth of trees and plants can cover signals, fall onto the tracks and prevent workers from getting to places of safety when trains are passing. Regular maintenance of rights-of-way to control vegetation may involve the use of mechanical methods (e.g. mowing), manual methods (e.g. hand pruning), and use of herbicides. Vegetation maintenance beyond that which is necessary for safety may remove unnecessary amounts of vegetation, resulting in the continual replacement of succession species and an increased likelihood of the establishment of invasive species. Recommended measures to prevent and control impacts from right- of-way vegetation maintenance include: • The track area shall be kept completely clear of vegetation. From the edge of the track area to the boundary of the right-of-way, vegetation should be structured with smaller plants near the line

4-25 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

and larger trees further away from the line to provide habitats for a wide variety of plants and animals. • Native species shall be planted and invasive plant species removed. • Railways should be designed and maintained to discourage plant growth in the track area (e.g. providing lateral barriers to plant migration and ensuring rapid drainage of the track area); • Personnel shall be trained in herbicide application to control fast- growing vegetation within RoW.

4.9. Forest Fires 232. Uncontrolled vegetation growth and slash from routine maintenance is left accumulated within RoW, sufficient fuel can accumulate resulting into forest fires. Mitigative measures to prevent and control risk of forest fires include: • Monitoring of right-of-way vegetation according to fire risk; • Removal of blow down and other high-hazard fuel accumulations; • Timing of thinning, slashing, and other maintenance activities to avoid seasons when the risk of forest fires is high; • Removal of maintenance slash or management by controlled burning. • .Creating forest lines along the RoW • Train the maintenance persons for fire control. .

4.10. Fuel management 233. Fuel stations above ground storage tanks, piping and filling equipment with potential for soil and water resource contamination due to leaks and spills. Storm water falling on fuelling areas and secondary containment systems may contain oil residues from incidental releases. To avoid impact due to such activities, suggested measures are; • Storage tanks and components shall meet international standard for structural design to avoid catastrophic failures to prevent fires/explosion. • Storage tanks shall have appropriate secondary containment. • Secondary Containment in rail fuelling areas should be appropriate w.r.t. size of railcar, level, curbed, sealed and draining to sump connected to spill retention area. The spill retention areas shall be equipped with an oil/water separator to allow the routine discharge of collected rainwater.

4.11. Waste Management (Solid waste, Waste Water and Hazardous Materials) 234. Solid waste are generated from trains and stations from food waste, packaging materials from retail facilities, paper, news paper and a variety of disposable food containers from train and common passenger areas. Uncontrolled disposable of these may cause pollution of land/soil, water etc. 235. Rail operations may generate sanitary wastewater primarily from passenger terminals and from passenger rail service. 4-26 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

• A solid waste recycling program shall be developed depending on the existence of local facilities. • Floor drains if any shall be connected to wastewater collection and treatment system. • Aqueous detergent and water based paints shall be used.

4.12. Occupational Health and safety

4.12.1. Rail Operation 4.12.1.1 Train/worker accident Railway workers near rail lines are always at risk of accidents due to moving trains. A set of mitigative measures are: • Training workers in personal track safety procedures • Blocking train traffic on lines where maintenance is occurring. If blocking is not feasible, use of automatic warning system shall be installed. 4.12.1.2 Noise and Vibrations 236. Crewmembers are usually exposed to higher noise levels from locomotives, rolling stocks and machinery and repeated mechanical shocks and/or vibration. • Use of PPEs along with engineering solutions for reducing noise and vibration viz use of dampers at the seat post to reduce the vibration experienced by the operator and installation of active vibration control system for locomotive suspension, cabs or seat post. 4.12.1.3 Diesel Exhaust 237. Rail workers, including locomotive crews and workers in station rail yards and locomotive car-shops may be exposed to exhaust from diesel locomotives and other diesel engines. • Provision of adequate ventilation in locomotive shops and other enclosed areas where diesel exhaust may get accumulated. • Use of PPEs. 4.12.1.4 Fatigue 238. Locomotives engineers and other railway workers are often required to work irregular working hours resulting in fatigue. Fatigue, particularly of drivers, signallers, maintenance workers is critical to safe operation of railways which if not given proper attention may pose serious safety risk to workers/passengers and general public. • Railway operators should schedule rest periods at regular intervals and during night hours, to the extent feasible, to maximize the effectiveness of rest breaks.

4.12.2. Maintenance of Rolling Stock 239. Occupational hazards typically associated with locomotive and railcar maintenance activities may include physical, chemical, and biological hazards as well as confined space entry hazards. Physical hazards may be associated with work in proximity to moving equipment and machine safety, including work-portable tools, and electrical safety issues. Chemical hazards may include potential exposures to a variety of hazardous materials (e.g. asbestos, PCB, toxic paint, heavy metals, 4-27 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

etc). Biological hazards may include potential exposures to pathogens present in sewage storage compartments. Confined spaces may include access to rail tank and grain cars during repair and maintenance. Mitigation measures • Use of personal protective gears (ear muffs, spectacles, hand gloves, masks, plastic shoes etc.). • Regular checkup of working platform in workshop in order to avoid any slippage due to grease, oil • Regular maintenance of stocks and documentation • Proper collection, storage and disposal of hazardous waste, if any • Each individuals (drivers, guards, maintenance engineers) should understand and fully aware for its responsibilities. • Regular assessment of risk presented by wheel sets, as well as reasonably practicable(ALARP)

4.12.3. Community Health and safety 240. The impacts associated with community health and safety is (i) general rail safety, (ii) transport of dangerous goods, (iii) level crossing Safety and (iv) Pedestrian safety. The impacts and mitigative measures of level crossing safety and pedestrian safety have already been discussed in previous sections. The other two have been described in following paragraphs. 4.12.3.1 General Rail Operational Safety 241. Any slippage in operation may cause threat of serious injury or the potential loss of life due to train collision with other trains or road vehicle and derailment. Recommended actions to avoid any such risk are: • Regular inspection and maintenance of the rail lines and facilities to ensure track stability and integrity in accordance with national and international track-safety standards. • Implementation of an overall safety management program that is equivalent to in internationally recognized railway safety programs. 4.12.3.2 Transport of dangerous Goods 242. Transport of dangerous material may cause potential environmental risk due to valve leakage in pressurised and general –service tank cars or other hazardous material containers. Spills and leaks may result from improper packing and resultant load shifting during transport. Additionally, there is potential for the release of diesel during fuelling operations. • Proper screening, acceptance and transport of dangerous goods conforming to the international standard applicable for packaging, marking and labeling of containers. • Use of tank cars and other rolling stocks that meets the national and international standard. Preparation of spill prevention and control and emergency preparedness and responsive plans based on an analysis of hazards, implementation of prevention and control measures.

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5. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN AND GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

5.1. Environmental Management Plan (EMP) 243. The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is prepared to facilitate effective implementation of recommended mitigations measures with defined roles and responsibility, regulatory compliance requirements, stages of implementation with location, time frame and costs. The mitigation measures are proposed to eliminate or minimise the identified impact associated with design, construction and operation stages of the project, to acceptable level by adopting the most feasible options. 244. The EMP consists of a set of mitigation, monitoring and institutional measures to be taken during the design, construction and operation stages of the project. The EMP also includes the actions needed for implementation of these measures. The major components of the Environmental Management Plan are: • Mitigation of potentially adverse impacts • Monitoring during project implementation and operation • Institutional Capacity Building and Training • Grievance Redress Mechanism

5.1.1. Mitigation of Potentially adverse impacts 245. The environmental management plan highlighting potential impacts, mitigation measures, legislative requirements, time frame and institutional responsibility are given at (Appendix 5.1). It is desirable that RVNL develops an environmental guidelines focusing on effective implementation of mitigation measures suggested. The performance indicators may also be developed for assessing the effectiveness of mitigative measures.

5.1.2. Integration of EMP with Project planning, design, construction and operation 246. RVNL will review the EMP and include the proposed mitigation measures in the project design as required. AGM will ensure that The EMP requirement is included as ‘Bill of Quantity ( BOQ)’ in all bidding documents and operating contracts..In addition a budget of approximately Rs. 6,000,000.00 will be provided by RVNL for compensatory plantation of approximately 12,000 trees at the rate of Rs. 500 per tree.11 The bidding document and contractor’s budget will include a line item for review and up-gradation of EMP. RVNL will be responsible for reviewing, approving the up-gradation of EMP as well, and ensuring that the contractors comply with the provisions of the EMP during the construction and operation stages. The EMP shall be revised in case of changes in the project design or components. The revised EMP shall also be sent to ADB for review and endorsement.

11 The final estimate for the compensatory plantation budget will be made based on the final number of trees required for cutting and the plantation rates of the respective Forestry Department. 5-1 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

5.1.3. Authorities and Their Responsibilities for Implementation of the EMP 247. The authorities and responsibilities for the implementation of the environmental management plans shall be tiered based on the activity as shown at fig 5.1. 248. All the policy decisions, including incorporation of the EMP requirements shall be the responsibility of the executing authority (EA) while the RVNL-environmental field officer to be designated shall ensure that the environmental mitigation actions are implemented as per the contract document. He will also oversee the EMP implementation by the contractor. Contractor will also submit monthly compliance report to PMC and field officer. AGM will ensure that the field officer is able to effectively oversee the implementation of EMPs and monitor the progress. The EA will periodically submit the progress report highlighting the EMP implementation status to ADB.

5.1.4. Social development program 249. A separate social impact assessment study has been undertaken and social development programme is addressed as per SIA. The various social impacts having significant impact on agriculture, community facilities are considered under this EMP.

5.1.5. Contingency Response Plan 250. Field study, public consultation, and consultant’s experience reveal that this project may have only one environmental emergency i.e. accidents of train movements particularly accident of goods train full of hazardous materials (like petroleum, chemicals) etc. 251. Railways have well established response systems to deal with such eventualities. It is suggested that the training, effectiveness, and regular up-gradation of these practices may be documented and included in the environmental guidelines to be developed for ready reference. Guidelines shall also include situation pertaining to train animal conflict management. The project authorities (Indian Railways) should ensure accidental spill management either by developing in- house capabilities or by associating with any competent third party. 5.1.6. Environmental Monitoring Program (EMoP) 252. The environmental monitoring programme is prepared with aim to monitor the environmental performance of environmental management plan. The EMOP is planned with the focus on following objectives: • To the assess the effectiveness of mitigation measures proposed • To assess the change in environmental quality during construction and operation stage with respect to pre project scenario. • To assess compliance to regulatory requirements • To monitor the status of corrective action taken in case of deviation from the planned measures or regulatory requirements. 253. The Environmental Monitoring schedule is prepared based on the environmental components that may be affected during the construction and operation phases of the project and provides monitoring schedule for wildlife, fisheries, cropping pattern, soil erosion, drainage congestion, tree plantation, air quality, noise &

5-2 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

vibration. The monitoring plan defining the parameters to be monitored, with sampling locations, frequency of measurements, cost and responsibility for various component of environment is prepared for all stages of project and provided as Appendix 5.3. 254. Tree plantation and its survival will be an important monitoring activity. The 70% survival rate of re-plantation will be monitored on the first year of the operation phase. If the survival rate is found below 70%, survival rate monitoring shall be again taken up after 1 year. This cycle should continue until the 70% survival rate is achieved. 255. The Field Officer (Environment) will be responsible for ensuring timely monitoring of various parameters and compliance with the mitigative measure proposed through PMC and contractor. A resultant database is proposed to be maintained. Management Information Systems is also proposed to be prepared for effective flow of information between various levels and functions within RVNL and Indian Railways. 256. Field officer with the help of PMC will analyse and initiate corrective preventive action if any significant change in environmental quality is observed. He may take help of subject experts (if their help is required) to find out whether the project is responsible for change in respective environmental conditions.

5.1.7. Mechanisms for Feedback and Adjustment 257. As part of the feedback mechanism, the Field Officer(Environment) shall monitor project compliance with the help of PMC with respect to: • Environmental Management Plan • Applicable laws, rules and regulations 258. PMC will carry out periodic compliance assessment during construction stage and submit quarterly reports to field officer (environment) who will submit the same to AGM after due verification. PMC will also initiate immediate corrective – preventive action in case of any deviation with planned measures. Railways Authorities will be responsible for operation phase compliances. The compliance review shall be carried out once in quarter in first year and twice in six months in subsequent years. 259. Public involvement shall be encouraged and ensured throughout the lifecycle of the project. The field officer (Env) will maintain record of public concern or suggestion and keep higher management updated about the same. If required, PMC in consultation with RVNL will make necessary adjustments in implementation plan and actions to address the public concern. . 5.2. Institutional Arrangement 260. RVNL, the executive agency, is a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) of GOI having a lean organizational set-up comparing to its mandate. RVNL’s mandate is project development, resource mobilization and undertaking the projects directly or by forming Project Specific Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) or any other financing structure, which is found suitable for a particular project. The project after implementation is handed over to MoR for train operation and maintenance.

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261. RVNL implements the project through Project Management Consultants (PMC). Chief Project Manager (CPM) is the overall in charge for the project and Additional/Deputy General Manager rank officer is responsible for implementation of the project at site (acts as PIU). As such, RVNL does not have any environmental cells or officials to manage the environmental and social aspect associated with projects. It is therefore a necessity to build the environmental capacity of RVNL to effectively address the environmental aspects associated with such a project and implement as well as monitor the environmental management plan. 262. However, the higher officials are conscious of project related environmental impacts and are committed to mitigate them. It is proposed to appoint an Environmental Officer at the corporate level after due training. Five Environmental Field Officers will be appointed in each of the Project Implementation Units (PIUs) for each sub-project. These officers will coordinate with PMC for compliance to environmental requirement and will report to Additional General Manager and environment officer at corporate level. If required the environmental officer can take help of subject expert who have to be hired for solving specific problem. . The proposed organisation structure is shown at Figure 5.1.

5-4 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Indian Railways Environmental Officer – Corporate Chief Project Manger (RVNL)

Panel of Experts • Terrestrial Flora Additional General & Fauna Manager (AGM) • Aquatic Flora & PIU Fauna • Water Management Project Management Consultant Field Officer • Hydro- (Environment) Geological • Energy

Contractor Laboratory Services

Figure 5.1 Proposed Organisation Structure

5.2.1. Institutional Capacity Building (Training and Awareness) 263. RVNL requires enhancement in its environmental management capacity. RVNL has a separate ADB TA for its capacity building. The environmental capacity building initiatives will be implemented through this TA itself including those suggested below for this sub project. To enhance the capacity of the RVNL officials for effective implementation of proposed mitigation measures and monitoring the resultant effect, as well as create awareness amongst workers and public, the trainings and awareness programmes is planned and is given as Table 5.1. Independent subject’s experts/consultants can be hired as resource person to impart trainings. Concerned govt. officials from forest department, pollution control board can also be invited to share their experience under these programmes. 5.3. Grievance Redress Mechanism 264. The concern/grievances from local/affected people may come up related to inappropriate implementation of various components of EMP. These issues can be easily addressed through acknowledgement, evaluation and corrective action and response approach. To resolve grievance from publicc or stakeholders concerning the project will be directed to the concerned PIU. Firstly, it will be assessed if the grievances are genuine or suggestion is acceptable. Acordingly, response will be given within 15-30 days by the concerned PIU in consultation with field officer. In case the PIU is unable to resolve the issue, the matter will be forwarded to the Chief General Manager (projects). The corrective action will be started as per the response or action plan indicated to the stakeholder. The outcome shall also form part of quarterly report to ADB.

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Table 5.1 : Training and Awareness Programmes S. Target group Subject(s) Method Time Frame No . 1 All RVNL/PIU Environmental Overview: Lectures Before project staff Environmental Regulations, sub-project cum beginning of and concerned related provisions of various Acts, , interaction the PMC staff process and methodology for IEE, implementatio EMPs and their use n of the sub- project 2 Field Officer Implementation of EMPs: Workshops Before the (Env), design Basic features of an EMP, Planning, and construction team, PMC and designing and execution of Seminars begins Construction environmental mitigation and Contractors’ enhancement measures, monitoring staff and evaluation of environmental conditions – during construction and operation 3 Field Officer Environmentally Sound Workshops Before the (Env), design Construction Practices: and Site construction team, PMC and Clean construction technology, visits Construction alternatives materials and techniques Contractors’ for construction, Waste Management staff and minimization in construction, pollution control devices and methods for construction sites and equipment, Environmental clauses in contract documents and their implications, protection of flora and fauna Environmental monitoring during construction, restoration of borrow areas and construction camp sites 4 PIU and PMC Monitoring Environmental Lectures, During initial staff and Performance during Construction: Workshop phases of community Air, Water, Soil and Noise, tree survival and site visits construction representatives Monitoring requirement and techniques, Evaluation and Review of results, Performance indicators and their applicability, possible corrective actions, reporting requirements and mechanisms 5 -do- Long-term Environmental Issues in Workshops During Project Management: and seminars implementation Designing and implementing of the Sub- environmental surveys for ambient air, project noise, biological and water quality surveys, data storage, retrieval and analysis, contract documents and environmental clauses, Risk assessment and management, contingency planning and management and value addition 6 Public Awareness programmes on Workshops During /contractors environmental protection and measures construction workers being implemented by RVNL including and initial phase wild life protection and their role in say 1 years of sustaining the measures taken operation

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6. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE 6.1. Consultation Method Applied 265. The mode of consultation employed during the course of the study was informal consultation. Government officials from different departments that have relevance to the project were consulted. Local people from different socio-economic backgrounds in the villages along the alignment, passengers, and station managers were also consulted. Public consultations were held during filed visits in the month of May 2008 and August 2008. 6.2. Public Consultation Milestones 266. The different people contacted and consulted during the course of the project are given below. PARTICIPANTS

Project Proponents

1. Ministry of Railway, Government of India Representatives : Mr. Dimpy Garg, Director Planning (ME) Mode of consultation : Informal Meeting Date : 6/05/08

2. Rail Vikas Nigam Limited, Delhi Representatives : Mr. Ranjan Kumar Jain Mode of consultation : Informal Meeting Date : 06/05/08

3. Ministry of Railway, Government of India Representatives : Mr. D.K. Patil, Divisional Rail Manager, Sambalpur Division Mode of consultation : Informal Meeting Date : 22/08/08

4. Rail Vikas Nigam Limited, Kolkata Division Representatives : Mr. Rana Bondopaddhai Mode of consultation : Informal Meeting Date : 22/08/08

5. Ministry of Railway, Government of India Representatives : Mr. Sarangi, Asst. Section Engineer, Eastern Coast Railways, Sambalpur Mode of consultation : Informal Meeting Date : 23/08/08

6. Ministry of Railway, Government of India Representatives : Mr. R.N. Gautam, Junior Engineer, Mode of consultation : Informal Meeting Date : 23/08/08

7. Ministry of Railway, Government of India Representatives : Mr. I.P. Jha Senior Engineer, Eastern Coast Railway Mode of consultation : Informal Meeting Date : 23/08/08

8. Ministry of Railway, Government of India 6-1 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Representatives : Mr. P.N. Nayak, Divisional Signal & Telecom Engineer, Eastern Coast Railway Mode of consultation : Informal Meeting Date : 23/08/08

Government Regulators

9. Office of Divisional Forest Officer, Sambalpur South Division , Govt. of Orissa Representatives : Mr. Prasanta Mishra, ACF Mode of consultation : Informal Meeting Date : 21/08/08

10. Office of Divisional Forest Officer, Balangir South Division , Govt. of Orissa Representatives : Mr. R.K.Sahu,DFO Mode of consultation : Informal Meeting Date : 27/08/08

11. Office of Divisional Forest Officer, Bargarh Division , Govt. of Orissa Representatives : Mr.Samir Kr.Satpali,DFO Mode of consultation : Informal Meeting Date : 27/08/08

12. Office of State Pollution Control Board, Sambalpur Regional Office Representatives : Mr R.K.Saha, Regional Officer Mode of consultation : Informal Meeting Date : 26/08/08

13. Office of State Pollution Control Board, Sambalpur Regional Office Representatives : Dr.S.N.Nanda, Lab Incharge Mode of consultation : Informal Meeting Date : 26/08/08

14. Office of Regional Soil Conservation Office, Sambalpur Regional Office Representatives : Mr. Sabitri Tripathi, Soil Chemist Mode of consultation : Informal Meeting Date : 27/08/08

15. Public Works Department, NH-Division, Government of Orissa Representatives : Mr Kaivartya, Asst. Engineer, Bolangir Division Mode of Consultation : Informal Meeting Date : 27/08/08

16. Public Works Department, NH-Division,Government of Orissa Representatives : Mr. B.K.Sahoo, Estimator, Sambalpur Division Mode of Consultation : Informal Meeting Date :27/08/08

17. Public Works Department, NH-Division,Government of Orissa Representatives : Mr. Arvindo Panda,Estimator,Sambalpur Division Mode of Consultation : Informal Meeting Date : 27/08/08

Beneficiaries

18. Local People, Village, Khaliapalli, Dist; Balangir Representative : Mr. Sudhir Pal, Farmer Mr. Prasant Kumar, Farmer Mr. Permanent Sahu, Farmer Mr. Arjun Kumar, Farmer Mr. Ram Bihari, Farmer Mr. Makhana Dandi, Vendor Mr. Abhimanya Meher, Driver 6-2 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Mr. Margasiro Jal, Farmer Mr. Ram Lal Jal, Farmer Mr. Sushil Jal Farmer Mode of Consultation : Informal Consultation Date : 23/08/08

19. Village: Barapali, Dist.: Bolangir Representative : Mr. Mahesh Das, Pandit Mr. Jogesh Das, Farmer Mr. Tina Behra, Farmer Mr. Satyananda Sahu, Goldsmith Mr. Golakananda Sahu, Goldsmith Mr. Vivekananda Sahu, Mechanic Mr. Punya Chandra Paik, Farmer Mr. Nakul Nag, Farmer Mr. Birendra Surya, Farmer Mr. Sarkar Pradhan, Farmer) Mode of Consultation : Informal Consultation Date : 23/08/08

20. Village: Khemcchera, Dist. :Balangir Representative : Mr. Rabinder Sahu, Farmer Mr. Rabindra Majhi, Farmer Mr. Devananda Majhi, Farmer Mr. Mahon Majhi, Teacher Mr. Bihari Sahu Farmer Mode of Consultation : Informal Consultation Date : 28/08/08

21. Passengers At Different Location through out the project Area Representative : Mr.Joginder Shukla, Businessman Mr.Ashish Mahanti, Businessman Mr. Rabin Nayak, Contractor Mr.M. Khan, Sub Contractor Mr. Debanga Patra, Student Mr.Rakesh Das, Businessman Mr.Pradip Das, Teacher Mr.Padma Majhi, woodcutter Mode of Consultation : Informal Consultation Date : 19/08/08 to 29/08/08

22. Various Station Masters Representative : All the Station Masters in Project Sites Mode of Consultation : Informal Consultation Date : 19/08/08

NGO’S

23. Palleswari NGO, Bolangir Representative : Mr. Shrikar Mishra, Chairman Mode of Consultation : Informal Consultation Date : 27/08/08

24. Adarsh Shishu Mandir,Sambalpur Representative : Mr. Harichandra Das, Secretary Mode of Consultation : Informal Consultation Date : 27/08/08

25. Sarvodaya Yuvak Sangha, Sadaipali Balangir Representative : Mr. D. Mahapatra Mode of Consultation : Informal Consultation Date : 27/08/08 6-3 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

26. Parivesh Sewa, Balangir Representative : Mr. M. Mishra Mode of Consultation : Informal Consultation Date : 27/08/08

27. Group of Social And Environmental Activist, Sambalpur Representative : Mrs. Ashalata Pradhan Mode of Consultation : Informal Consultation Date : 27/08/08

28. Sanjukta Yuvak Sangha,Bargarh Representative : Mr. M. Das. Mode of Consultation : Informal Consultation Date : 26/08/08

29. LIGHT-NGO, Sambalpur Representative : Mr. Yuvraj Rawat Mode of Consultation : Informal Consultation Date : 26/08/08 6.3. Information disclosed 267. The discussions were primarily focussed on to receiving maximum inputs from the participants regarding their acceptability and environmental concerns arising out of the project. To begin with, they were given the brief outline of the project to which their opinion was sought. Environmental issues were discussed in depth with the government officials, NGOs and other organizations/ association representatives. However, during consultation with the villagers, passengers and other users of the existing and proposed railways facility, issues pertaining to them were mainly touched upon. 268. The local people were informed of doubling of the track proposal. Existing and likely air and noise pollution during construction and operation stage of railway line were discussed. They were consulted for the groundwater availability of the region. The location of any nearby sensitive locations like schools, hospitals, historical monuments, religious places and accident scenario including due to track crossing were also inquired into. Impact on the flora and fauna (especially wildlife) was discussed with the villagers and officers of the forest department. Suggestions were also sought for mitigating any potential adverse impact. 269. Environmental impacts due to the project and clearance requirements were discussed extensively with the officials of different government bodies as State Pollution Control Boards and forest and wildlife authorities. Interactions were held even with officials of National Highway division to know their opinion about its indirect effect on road traffic and pollution. 6.4. Compliance with Relevant Regulatory Requirements 270. In India, public consultation is mandatory only in case of Category A and B1 projects12 in select conditions. As per regulation, no public hearing is required for the proposed doubling project under the EIA Notification. However, being a category B project as per ADB Environmental Guidelines 2003, consultation was carried out during

12 As per schedule I of EIA notification number S.O. 1533, dated 14th September 2006. This notification also defines when a public consultation is mandatory. As per this notification railway project does not fall under the said schedule. 6-4 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

the early stage of IEE report preparation. The requirement of public consultation during the implementation of the project has been proposed as part of the mitigation plan. 271. Public consultation was undertaken as per the ADB requirements. All the five principles of information dissemination, information solicitation, integration, coordination and engagement into dialogue were incorporated during the task. A framework of different environmental impacts likely from the project was strengthened and modified based on opinions of all those consulted, especially in the micro level by setting up dialogues with the village people from whom information on site facts and prevailing conditions were collected. 6.5. Major Comments Received 272. The concerns of people and opinions about various environmental issues have been summarized in the following four categories: 6.5.1. Proponents’ Comments: 273. The proponents are of the view that the proposed project activities are not likely to cause any significant environmental impacts. However, they are appreciative of the possible impacts during the construction and operation phases of the proposed project and have shown their willingness to implement suggested mitigation measures in the IEE. The railway officials of respective sections also provided the technical information about the project with comparison to existing track and proposed doubling of the track. The issues of benefits to the public due to the proposed project were also discussed with them. 6.5.2. Beneficiaries’ Comments 274. The people in the Sambalpur-Titlagarh Stretch are concerned about potential changes in their suburban setting, including increase in noise and air pollution. Though little high land will need to cut down as part of the project, the owners are not concerned as it will serve beneficial for their agricultural activities. In some places of this stretch, a few trees, mainly fruit trees and bamboo, exist and many of these will be cleared during construction phase. As a compensatory measure, people want similar trees to be planted and the re-plantation scheme should be managed by Social Forestry Division of the State Government. 275. As per the opinion of the people, railway service in western part of Orissa is less in comparison to the other parts. Hence, the proposed doubling of the track will sought to increase the number of passenger trains, which will ultimately help in development of the complete region. All the respondents welcomed the project anticipating improved connectivity and economic growth in area. 276. A number of informal public consultations were held with passengers as well. In all the places, respondents unanimously welcomed the project. However, they did point out concern like noise and air pollution, filling borrowing of earths from cultivable lands, accident hazards, etc. They also felt that it would be a much-awaited dream going to be happening in reality for them. On revealing proposed mitigation measures, the respondents agreed that the positive impacts of the project would surpass the negative ones. 277. The residents of the village Khemechera highlighted about the movement of elephants from Barpahar Reserve Forest to Nagipali

6-5 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Reserve Forest and then to Ghati Reserve Forest especially during the months of April and May. The people welcomed the project expecting economic development owing to the proposed project. 6.5.3. Government Regulators’ Comments 278. Consultations were carried out with various Government officials along the project corridor. The key government regulator with respect to environment and forest related issues is forest department and Pollution control boards (PCB) in Sambalpur-Titlagarh stretch. The consultation with Orissa PCB revealed that they are aware of the need for the proposed project. However, they are apprehensive of increase in noise and air pollution levels in the area nearby Hirakud station as lots of iron ore stocks are there in the station itself. Although they raised concern over the land use change and vegetation loss but appreciated the indicative mitigation measures. Consultation with concerned state government officials indicated that the water quality of the areas is not very good. High concentrations of iron are also available in the ground water. Most of the people use deep tube well to harness drinking water. When enquired about the fishery activities, the officials confirmed that productive fishing is confined to the area nearby Hirakud Reservoir in Sector I & Sector II and major rivers in the project area. 279. Discussions with concerned forest officials, including Divisional Forest Officer of Balangir South, Divisional Forest Officer, Bargarh as well as Assistant Conservator of Forests of Sambalpur South Division. The local forests officials are supportive of doubling of the existing railway track. However, they advised for carefully working to minimise the effect of construction activities on reserved forest areas. 280. The officials also confirmed the fact that elephant movement in the Khaliapali area is of concern. Speed control in this area is the best option to prevent any accident in that area. 6.5.4. Other Stakeholders’ Comments. 281. The views given by a prominent local NGO of Balangir (Pallewasri NGO) revealed that the proposed project is long due and would not have any significant adverse impacts. In fact they expect substantial fuel saving and time saving would result due to the project. They also did not express any concern regarding potential adverse impact on Reserve Forest due to likely increase in noise levels. They also viewed that loss of trees can be overcome by compensatory plantation in the nearby areas. The officials from the local irrigation department also provided information about flood prone areas. 282. As per the outcome of the consultation on environmental issues, it is clear that there will be positive impacts on water resources, reduction on air pollution, rehabilitation of borrow areas as agricultural fields, reduction of fuel consumption due to use of railways network for passenger movement as well as transportation of goods, and reduction in ground water depletion due to implementation of proposed rainwater harvesting measures. However, people also showed concern about the accidental safety due to un-manned crossings in the section. Also, they have raised the concern of soil erosion during the construction stage due to loosening of soil, increase in noise levels due to increase in railway traffic and flora & fauna degradation due to construction works.

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283. None of the respondents denied the need for the project. Though many of them asked for specific mitigation measures during the construction and operation phase. The proposed mitigation measures have been duly considered and incorporated in the recommended mitigation measures for the Sambalpur –Titlagarh section. 284. It is found that the project find acceptability in all groups of local people and government officials contacted provided required compensation given to those from whom land need to be acquired. 6.6. Integration of Comments into the IEE 285. During discussions, notes were taken for any issue raised and suggestions made. References have been taken from public opinion where no official data were available for understanding of the study area characteristics. Each of the issues were then analysed for practical and scientific basis. The opinions were used for identifying impacts and developing management and monitoring plan, depending on their importance and practicality. For any significant concern, preventive or mitigative measures have been suggested drawing points from all the suggested measures. 6.7. Post IEE Public Participation and Information Disclosure As per ADB procedure, this IEE will be disclosed on ADB and EA’s website.

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Plate 5.2 Consultation with passengers at Plate 5. 1: Consultation Near Mahanadi river Loisinga

Plate 5.3 Consultation with fisherman near Plate 5.4 Khaliapali Area Where Elephant Hirakud Backwater reservoir and Mahanadi movement was referred by the Villagers

Plate 5.5: Consultation near Khemesara Village Plate 5.6 Consultation with Villagers near Barapali

6-8 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

7. FINDINGS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS 286. The project involves doubling of railway track along with the existing alignment. The track would be of standard broad gauge of 1.676m width with the distance of 5.90 m between two tracks. Key project activities involve embankment formation, bridge constructions, up- gradation of ROBs and RUBs, construction & improvement of side drains, construction of residential accommodation and service building, 287. The project is classified as B in accordance with ADB Guidelines 2003 and SPS 09 requiring Initial Environmental Examinations. As per Indian Legislative system, no environmental clearance is required from Ministry of Environment and Forest, Govt. of India for railway project. However, other clearances like cutting of trees, or diversion of forest area would be required as applicable. 288. The IEE has been conducted between April to August 2008 in consistent to the ADB‘s environmental assessment guidelines, 2003.The report was updated as per SPS 09 in November 2010. Both primary and secondary data sources were utilized for the study supplemented by consultation with all types of stakeholders. Potential Environmental impacts were appraised Vis-à-vis project setting and proposed project activities. 7.1. Findings and Recommendations 289. The finding of IEE indicates that the project is unlikely to cause significant adverse environmental impacts. While some of the impacts are negative, there are many bearing benefits to the area. Most of the impacts are likely to occur during construction stage and are temporary in nature. Some impacts require design considerations and are suitably addressed. 290. The alignment does not pass through any ecologically sensitive or protected areas. However, it does pass through some of the reserved forests13. The impact from the project on these forest area is limited to the extent of minor land acquisition (4.81 ha). No archaeological protected monument either located in the project vicinity. The land use pattern around the alignment is primarily agriculture. The impact is primarily cause due to land cleaning for embankment formations, cutting of trees, transportation of construction material. These are broadly briefed in the following paragraph. • Large numbers of tree are likely to be cut. The compensatory afforestation is proposed at the ratio 1:3. Additional plantation will be done at riverbanks and wherever land is available with railways in the station areas. • Accidents risk is involved during both construction and operation phase. Provision of protective devices for workers and maintenance of equipments will help to avoid accident risks during construction. Provision of unmanned level crossing to manned level –crossing and underpasses near habitation and forest areas will reduce the accident risk during operation phase. • There are locations where elephant crosses the railway line though not frequently. Provision of dedicated passage coupled forest Sanctuaries 7-1 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

with speed control measure and reflective signage at identified crossing locations are proposed • The project section is cutting across several water bodies including rivers. Design considerations have taken into account the highest flood level of bridges and culverts. There had been no case of track inundation in the past. However, as precautionary measure no. of spans of some bridges has been increased considering the increase in water discharge. Regular checks of existing surface drainage/streams/channels shall be made to avoid any water logging/seepage to embankment. • Soil erosion along embankment slope, cutting sections passing through loose & unconsolidated material will be prevent through turfing and pitching of embankment slopes. • Large quantity of earth is required for the project. This will be mainly borrowed from nearby Govt. wasteland. The guidelines for borrowing of earth and its rehabilitation has been included as part of mitigation measures and management plan. • Predominant land use along the project alignment is agricultural/open area, which helps in adequate dispersion of air emission. Baseline air quality is also good. Further, the project implementation will reduce energy consumption due to shift of transport mode for bulk traffic and passenger remarkably from road to rail thereby reducing the CGH emission as well. Hence, the air quality in the area will improve in long term. • Noise levels only exceed the permissible limits during movement of train. This is for a very short duration. Noise sensitive locations shall be provided with solid noise barriers coupled with multilayered plantation to reduce the impact. Provision of sand pockets and compaction of embankment in Vibration prone areas will reduce the vibration to acceptable limit. • Groundwater abstraction is required for water during construction in some sections and for residential colonies during operation stage. This will have some stress on already diminishing groundwater resources. All measures like water harvesting shall be taken to conserve and augment the groundwater resources. 291. The implementation of prescribed mitigation measures will minimize the adverse impacts. Moreover, the impacts shall be monitored continually by implementing and updating the Environmental Management plan and Environmental Monitoring Plan. 292. The project received support and consent from most of local people. The local people did not perceive any adverse impact due to the proposed project. Environmental awareness and likewise concern were found generally low. NGO’s have welcomed it for the overall development of the area and likely fuel saving due to shift of Road traffic. Even the people and NGOs has expressed that this is a much needed development for passenger movement and overall development of the area especially when the western part of the state of Orrisa is considered by them comparatively less developed.

7-2 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

293. Post Environmental Assessment Surveillance and Monitoring is essential to sustain the effectiveness of the mitigative measures suggested. A detailed monitoring plan has been prepared as part of the Environmental Management Plan. The focus areas of monitoring covers air, surface water quality, ground water quality, noise, soil erosion, drainage congestion and tree survival rate. The reporting requirements along with the follow up actions in case of deviation from the norms have been detailed out as a part of EMP. The frequency has been set in consideration of the likely impacts. 7.2. Conclusions 294. The project activity does not cause any significant adverse environmental impact. The effective implementation of environmental management plan will facilitate in minimising the environmental impact to acceptable level. However, the institutional and capacity strengthening measures shall be implemented for the same. All attempts shall be made to minimise cutting of the trees in the forest areas. The timely actions shall be needed for obtaining the permissions for cutting of trees or diversion of forestland for non-forest purposes. No additional studies or need of undertaking detailed EIA is envisaged at this stage. 295. Any major changes during detailed design or any major additional work other than the proposed project activities will require preparation of another environmental assessment. This additional assessment will have to be submitted to concerned Government authorities, if any clearance is involved. It shall also have to be sent to ADB for concurrence before civil works commence. Moreover, the executing agencies have to submit the detailed engineering designs to ADB, which will be reviewed by them and examine whether major changes or major additional works have been included.

7-3 Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Appendix 2.1 A: Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist

Roads and Highways

(Suitably modified for the use of railway Project)

SAMBALPUR-TITLAGARH

Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist

• This checklist is to beIND: prepared TA 4998 to support the environmental classification of a project. It is to be attached to the environmental categorization form that is to be prepared and submitted to the Chief Compliance Officer of the Regional and Sustainable Development Department. • This checklist is to be completed with the assistance of an Environment Specialist in a Regional Department. • This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social dimensions are adequately considered, refer also to ADB checklists and handbooks on (i) involuntary resettlement, (ii) indigenous peoples planning, (iii) poverty reduction, (iv) participation and (v) gender and development. • Answer the questions assuming the without mitigation case. The purpose is to identify potential impacts. Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.

Country / Project Title:

Sector Division: INRM – RAILWAY SECTOR IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM

SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS Project Siting Review is based on Is the Project area adjacent to or within any of Reconnaissance site visit the following environmentally sensitive areas? Cultural heritage site   Protected area Few portion of rail section is passing through the reserved forests. They are Negipalli RF, (km 652-Km 654) Matkalai RF (683-690), Banji RF (Km 692-Km 694), Barnei RF (km 706-Km 710). There is no other   protected area along the route. No movement of Animal is reported except at one location where elephant crosses the railway track once or twice a year. Reportedly enough ROW is available with Railways at most of the place. Wetland   Mangrove   Estuarine   Buffer zone of protected area   Special area for protecting biodiversity   Potential Environmental Impacts

I Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Will the Project cause … Encroachment on historical / cultural area; A narrow strip of embankment disfiguration of landscape by road formation is required mostly along embankments, cuts, fills, and quarries? the existing railway track without any disfiguration of landscape.

Cutting is limited to the area where line is taking detour in hard rock terrain.

  As per initial estimation the earth including moorum required for the project is estimated to be 6459 cum. This will be obtained from nearby areas outside RoW from wasteland/non-vegetated/non- agricultural land. No large scale quarrying at concentrated location shall be done. Encroachment on precious ecology (e.g. None. Although some diversion of   sensitive or protected areas)? forest land is involved. Alteration of surface water hydrology of They are a no. of locations where waterways crossed by railways, resulting in track is cutting across rivers canals increased sediment in streams affected by etc. Important are Mahanadi and its increased soil erosion at construction site? tributaries like Ong, Jira and Sukhtel. All measures shall be taken so that   watercourses is not affected, and temporary soil and rock stockpiles will be designed so that runoff will not induce sedimentation of waterways. Deterioration of surface water quality due to The adequate measures for sanitary silt runoff and sanitary wastes from worker- waste and silt runoff shall be taken   based camps and chemicals used in to prevent any such condition. construction? Increased local air pollution due to rock Local air pollution level is likely to be crushing, cutting and filling works, and increased for short duration during chemicals from asphalt processing? construction period particularly due to earth work. Appropriate distance   from settlement area and wind direction may be taken into account to locate air polluting facility like stone crushing unit etc. if required. Noise and vibration due to blasting and other Blasting is involved at few locations civil works? but most of these locations are at far away from inhabited areas.

Higher Noise and vibration will be mainly impulse in nature i.e during train movement.   Likely increase in underwater noise level due to bridge construction (pile driving) especially on major rivers/other water body crossings expected to be below the sound pressure level that could cause fish injury and death.

II Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Dislocation or involuntary resettlement of R&R and social issues are involved people? but apparently of low to medium   magnitude. Actual no. of likely to be displaced can only be known after preparation of RP. Other social concerns relating to inconveniences in living conditions in the   project areas that may trigger cases of upper respiratory problems and stress? Hazardous driving conditions where Transport routes for construction construction interferes with pre-existing roads? vehicle shall be decided considering this aspect to avoid any hazardous   driving condition. The transportation mostly will happen through existing roads. Poor sanitation and solid waste disposal in Appropriate waste management construction camps and work sites, and shall be adopted to prevent any such   possible transmission of communicable conditions. diseases from workers to local populations? Creation of temporary breeding habitats for No such condition is anticipated   mosquito vectors of disease? Dislocation and compulsory resettlement of Additional land is required people living in right-of-way? particularly near bridge approaches.   Actual no. of likely to be displaced can only be known after preparation of RP. Accident risks associated with increased Temporarily during construction vehicular traffic, leading to accidental spills of   Stage. Adequate measures will be toxic materials and loss of life? provided to prevent them. Increased noise and air pollution resulting from Temporarily during construction traffic volume? phase.

  Increase in emission level due to rise in frequency of trains after doubling will be minor. Increased risk of water pollution from oil, Temporarily during construction grease and fuel spills, and other materials phase.   from vehicles using the road? Adequate preventive measures will take to prevent such risks. The Project is categorized as B however. As per MOEF latest EIA notification, Environmental Clearance for the project is not required However, the forest clearances and other statutory permissions/consents prior to start of construction. .

III Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Appendix 2.2 : List of Major Bridges

Track Sr. Bridge Km Existing Span Proposed Span Centre Remarks No. No. (M.) 3 x 12.20m Plate 1 69 564.763 3 x 12.20m PSC Girder 15.00 Mandila Jhor Girder 25 x 30.50m 108.50 26 x 30.50m PSC 2 76 567.881 Riveted Plate to Mahanadi river Girder Girder 37.10 2 x 45.70m Open 2 x 45.70m Open web Power channel only 3 77 569.014 6.00 web Steel Girder Steel Girder Girder 1 x 9.50m R.C. 4 79A 571.795 1 x 40.00m PSC Girder 6.00 ROB NH 6 for 4 Lines Slab 3 x 12.20m Rivet 5 92 577.800 3 x 12.20m PSC Girder 25.00 Kaliajhor Plate Girder 7 x 18.30 Rivet 6 116 585.997 7 x 18.30m PSC Girder 40.00 Jhonjhor Plate Girder 2 x 12.20m Rivet 7 137 592.375 2 x 12.20m PSC Girder 10.00 Attabira Canal Plate Girder 2 x 18.30+ 6 x 2 x 18.30 + 6 x 24.40m 8 160 598.328 24.40m Riveted 25.00 Danta River PSC Girder Plate Girder 2 x 34.905m PSC 9 173A 603.165 Provision Exist ROB N.H.-6 Girder 12 x 18.30m Plate 12 x 18.30m PSC 10 195 612.984 25.00 Jeera River Girder Girder 2 x 24.40m Plate 11 198 614.363 2 x 24.40m PSC Girder 25.00 Palas Jhor Girder 6 x 12.20m Plate 12 206 619.033 6 x 12.20m PSC Girder 29.50 Baragarh Nalla Girder 13 220 625.616 5 x 6.10m Arch 5 x 6.15m R.C. Box 15.00 Barapalli Nallah 5 x 18.30 Riveted Ranijhor Extra span at 14 235 630.452 6 x 18.30m PSC Girder 25.00 Plate Girder Titlagarh End 2 x 30.48 Steel 2 x 30.48m Steel 15 239 631.740 25.00 Baragarh Canal Through Girder Through Girder 1 x 45.70m Steel 1 x 45.70m Steel 16 247 635.188 25.00 Retamunda Canal Through Girder Through Girder 6 x 30.48m + 9 x 6 x 30.48m + 9 x 17 293 647.794 45.72 Steel Open 45.72m Steel Open 40.00 Ong River Web Girder Web Girder 4 x 4.57m R.C.C. 18 295 649.641 4 x 4.865m R.C. Box Slab 4 x 6.10m R.C.C. 19 306 A 652.531 4 x 6.345 R.C. Slab 10.00 RUB Slab 4 x 4.57m R.C.C. 20 309 654.030 4 x 4.865m R.C. Box 10.00 Slab 4 x 4.57m R.C.C 21 314 655.325 4 x 5.03m R.C. Box 10.00 Negi Nallah Slab 12 x 4.57m R.C.C. 22 319 659.554 12 x 4.865m R.C. Box 10.00 Kalasi Jhor Slab 7 x 4.57m R.C.C. 23 322 661.287 7 x 4.865m R.C. Box 10.00 Loisingha Jhor Slab 24 329 663.949 5 x 12.20m Riveted 6 x 12.20m PSC Girder 25.00 1 Span Extra provided IV Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Plate Girder Kusum Ghai 2 x 18.3 + 1 x 15.24(Plate Girder) 2x18.30+1x15.24PSC+ 25 331 666.558 + 1 x 45.72 + 10 x 1x45.72 +10x30.48m 30.00 Suktel river 30.48Through Through Steel Girder Girder 4 x 4.57m R.C.C. 26 339 671.564 4 x 4.865m R.C. Box 10.00 Ongra Jhor Slab 2 x 12.20m Riveted 27 347 675.406 2 x 12.20 PSC Girder 15.00 Mandia Palli Nallah plate Girder 3 x 12.20m 28 353 677.215 Riveted plate 3 x 12.20 PSC Girder 15.00 Laxmi Jhor Girder 1 x 5.80m T.beam ROB N.H.-224 29 358A 678.765 1 x 30.0m PSC Girder 5.90 Girder By Pass 5 x 12.20m 30 363 682.088 Rivetted Plate 5 x 12.20m PSC Girder 18.09 Bijakhaman Nallah Girder 1 x 24.40m 31 387 692.605 Rivetted Plate 1 x 24.40m PSC Girder 10.00 ROB For Two Tracks Girder LEVEL Crossing 32 392A 694.180 1x30mt PSC Girder 12.00 For Two Tracks JT-104 Level Crossing JT- 33 394A 695.620 1x30mt PSC Girder 15.00 ROB For Two Tracks 105 10 x 30.48m Steel 10 x 30.48m Through 34 406 700.867 30.00 Sonegarh River through Girder Girder 3 x 12.20m 35 420 708.111 Rivetted Plate 3 x 12.20m PSC Girder 15.00 Karli Jhor Girder 1 x 4.80m RCT ROB NH-201 Km.- 36 423A 709.359 1 x 40.00m PSC Girder 7.00 Beam Girder 709.559 2 x 18.30 Plate + 10 x 30.48 Through 2 x 18.30 PSC + 37 438 717.154 + 10 x 30.48 Steel + 30.00 Barabailat River 5 x 12.20 Plate 5 x 12.20 PSC Girder Girder CH-204230.0 (Km. 1 x 4.75m Girder 38 439A 719.070 1 x 30.0m PSC Girder 10.00 709.070) ROB MDR 40 for single Line for 2 tracks 3 x 6.10m Arch 39 463 729.589 1 x 24.40m PSC Girder 17.00 For Two Tracks Bridge CH.-216210.0 Km. 40 465 A0 731.042 L-X JT-123 1x30.00m PSC Girder 14.70 731.050 ROB for Both track Bara Jhor 4 x 4.57m R.C.C. 41 472 735.715 4 x 4.835 R.C. Box 8 Kana Jhor Slab 12.2m Rivetted 42 474 736.43 2 x 6.0m. R.C Box 8 RUB MDR-40 Plate Girder

V Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

APPENDIX 2.3 : Highest Flood Level at Water Crossings

High Flood Level S.No Water Bodies Km. (meter) Bridge No. 1 Madalia Jhor 564.485 149.991 59

2 Mahanadi River 567.881 155.091 67

3 kalia Jhor 577.8 159.065 92

4 Jhonjhon River 585.391 151.13 160

5 Danta River 598.328 157.168 195

6 Jeera River 612.984 158.463 158

7 Palasa Jhor 614.363 158.299 158

8 Bangosh Nalla 619.033 163.527 195

9 Canal 625.616 165.922 220

10 Rani Jhor 630.452 164.709 235

11 Ong River 647.794 134.8 295

12 Canal 649.641 137.62 309

13 Jhor 654.03 158.708 319

14 Jhor 659.554 154.8 319

15 KusumGhai 662.4 148.451 359

16 Suktel River 666.558 151.918 331

17 Nalla 671.564 154.342 359

18 Mandiapalli Nala 675.406 170.051 347

19 Nalla 677.215 172.895 353

20 Bijakaman Nala 682.088 182.369 363

21 canal 692.605 192.649 387

22 Sonegaeh River 700.867 165.425 406

23 Nalla 708.111 171.832 420

24 Barabalional River 717.154 176.563 438

25 Nalla 729.589 219.155 463

26 Bada Jhor 735.715 210.944 452

27 Nalla 736.434 168.2 454

VI Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

APPENDIX 3.1 : National Ambient Air Quality Standards

The finding[As Notified on 18th November 2009 by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) in exercise of its powers conferred under Section 16(2)(h) of the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 (14 of 1981)]. * 3 Pollutant Concentration µg/m in Ambient Time-Weighted Air Average Industrial, Ecologically residential, Sensitive ( Rural and notified by other areas central Government) Annual* 50 20 SO2 24 hours** 80 80 Annual* 40 30 NOx 24 hours** 80 80 Annual* 60 60 RSPM (PM10 ) 24 hours** 100 100 Annual* 40 40 RSPM (PM2.5 ) 24 hours** 60 60 Annual* 1 0.75 Lead 24 hours** 1.5 1 8 Hours* 10000 4000 CO 1 Hour** 5000 2000

Annual Arithmetic Mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year taken twice a week 24- hourly at uniform interval. ** 24-horly / 8-hourly values should be met 98% of the time in the year. However, 2% of the time, it may exceed but not on two consecutive days.

Note 1: • National Ambient Air Quality Standard: The levels of air quality necessary with an adequate margin of safety, to protect the public health, vegetation and property. • Whenever and wherever two consecutive values exceed the limit specified above for the respective category, it would be considered adequate reason to institute regular/continuous monitoring and further investigation. • The State Government/State Board shall notify the sensitive and other areas in the respective States within a period of six months from the date of Notification of National Ambient Air Quality Standards. • The SPM standard has been dropped in the above standards. Instead PM2.5 standard has been added. Source: Environment Protection Rules, 1986, Schedule VII

VII Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Appendix 3.2 : Noise Level Limits of GOI (In Leq db(A))

Day Time Night Time Area/Class (6:00 AM to 9:00 PM) (9:00 PM to 6:00 am)

Standard Standard

Industrial 75 70

Commercial 65 55

Residential 55 45

Silence 50 40 Source: Environment Protection Rules, 1986, Schedule III

VIII Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

APPENDIX 3.3 : Drinking Water Standards And Probable Effects on Human Health (BIS: IS: 10500, 1991)

S. Prescribed limits Parameters Probable effects No. Desirable Permissible 1 COLOUR (HAZEN UNIT) 5 25 Aesthetically undesirable. 2 ODOUR Essentially free Aesthetically undesirable. 3 TASTE Agreeable Aesthetically undesirable. 4 TURBIDITY (NTU) 5 10 Indicates pollution/ contamination. Affects taste, corrodes supply 5 pH 6.5 8.5 system. Causes scaling, excessive soap HARDNESS, as CaCO3, 6 300 600 consumption, calcification of mg/l arteries. Causes staining of laundry and 7 IRON, as Fe , mg/l 0.30 1.00 porcelain. In traces it is essential for nutrition. May be injurious to heart or kidney patients. Taste, indigestion, 8 CHLORIDE, as Cl , mg/l 250 1000 corrosion & palatability are affected. RESIDUAL CHLORINE, only Excessive chlorination causes 9 when 0.20 - asthma, colitis & eczema Water is chlorinated May cause gastro-intestinal TOTAL DISSOLVED 10 500 2000 irritation, corrosion and laxative SOLIDS, mg/l effect to new users. Excessive Cause incrustation, deficiency causes rickets, 11 CALCIUM, as Ca, mg/l 75 200 essential for nervous, muscular, cardiac functions and in coagulation of blood. Its salts are cathartics and diuretic. Excessive may cause laxative effect; deficiency causes 12 MAGNESIUM, as Mg, mg/l 30 100 structural and functional changes. It is activator of many enzyme systems. Beneficial in human metabolism, deficiency results in nutritional anaemia in infants. Large amounts may result in liver damage, 13 COPPER, as Cu, mg/l 0.05 1.50 causes central nervous system irritation & depression. Enhances corrosion of Al in water supply systems. Causes gastro-intestinal irritation. Along with Mg or Na can have a 14 SULPHATE, as SO4, mg/l 200 400 cathartic effect. Concentration more than 750 mg/l may have laxative effect. Causes infant methaemoglobinaemia, at very 15 NITRATE, as N, mg/l 45 100 high concentration causes gastric cancer and effects central nervous & cardiovascular system.

IX Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

S. Prescribed limits Parameters Probable effects No. Desirable Permissible Reduces dental carries, very high 16 FLUORIDE, as F, mg/l 1.00 1.50 concentration may cause crippling skeletal fluorosis. Acute toxicity may be associated with renal, arterial hypertension, 17 CADMIUM, as Cd, mg/l 0.01 No relaxation itai-itai (bone disease). Cd salts cause cramps, nausea, vomiting & diarrhoea. Burning in mouth, severe inflammation of gastro-intestinal tract with vomiting and diarrhoea. 18 LEAD, as Pb, mg/l 0.05 No relaxation Chronic toxicity produces nausea, severe abdominal pain, paralysis, mental confusion, visual disturbances, and anaemia etc. Essential & beneficial in human 19 ZINC, as Zn , mg/l 5 15 metabolism. Imparts astringent taste to water. Cr6+ produces lung tumours, 20 CHROMIUM, as Cr, mg/l 0.05 No relaxation coetaneous and nasal mucous membrane ulcers and dermatitis. Causes skin damage, circulatory 21 ARSENIC, as As, mg/l 0.05 No relaxation problems, increased risk of skin cancer. Raises blood cholesterol, lowers 22 ANTIMONY, as Sb, mg/l 0.006 No relaxation blood sugar. 23 ALUMINIUM, as Al, mg/l 0.030 0.200 Leads to neurological disorders. 24 BARIUM, as Ba, mg/l 2 No relaxation Increases blood pressure. 25 BERYLLIUM, as Be, mg/l nil 0.0002 Is carcinogenic Causes nerve damage, thyroid 26 CYANIDE, as CN, mg/l 0.05 No relaxation problem. Neurological and renal disturbances. Excess causes 27 MERCURY, as Hg, mg/l 0.001 No relaxation gonadotoxic and mutagenic effects and disturbs the cholesterol metabolism. Essential as a cofactor in enzyme systems and metabolism processes. Excessive causes change in appetite and reduction 28 MANGANESE, as Mn, mg/l 0.10 0.30 in metabolism of iron to form haemoglobin. Imparts undesirable taste and stains plumbing fixtures and laundry. Leads to hair, finger loss, and 29 SELENIUM, as Se, mg/l 0.01 No relaxation numbness in fingers or toes, circulatory problems. Affects central nervous system, 30 BORON, as B, mg/l 1.00 5.00 salts may cause nausea, cramps, convulsions, coma, etc. Imparts unpleasant taste, ALKALINITY, as CaCO3, 31 200 600 deleterious to humans in presence mg/l of high pH, hardness and TDS. Imparts toxicity, accumulates in 32 PESTICIDES, ug/l nil 0.001 different organs of body, and X Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

S. Prescribed limits Parameters Probable effects No. Desirable Permissible affects immune and nervous systems. Carcinogenic. High concentration causes vomiting & diarrhoea stimulates 33 PHOSPHATE, as PO4, mg/l No guideline secondary hyperthyroidism and bone loss. Harmful to persons suffering from 34 SODIUM, as Na, mg/l No guideline cardiac, renal & circulatory diseases. Essential nutrition element but 35 POTASSIUM, as K, mg/l No guideline excessive amount is cathartic. Non-toxic element but may be carcinogenic in animals, can react 36 NICKEL, as Ni , mg/l No guideline with DNA resulting in DNA damage in animals. PATHOGENS Causes water borne diseases like a)TOTAL COLIFORM coliform jaundice; Typhoid, 37 No/dl 1 10 Cholera etc. produces infections

b)FAECAL COLIFORM involving skin mucous membrane No/dl of eyes, ears and throat. RADIOACTIVITY: -BETA PARTICLES 0-4 millirem/year 38 Increases risk of cancer. -ALPHA PARTICLES 0-15 picocuries/year -RADIUM 0-05 picocuries/year

XI Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Appendix 3.4 : Water Quality Criteria And Standards for Freshwater Classification (CPCB, 1979)

Characteristics A B C D E

Dissolved Oxygen 6 5 4 4 - (DO), mg/L, Min Biological Oxygen 2 3 3 - - Demand, BOD, mg/L, max Total Coliform 50 500 5000 - - organism **, MPN/100ml, Max pH value 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 6 – 9 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 Free Ammonia (as - - - 1.2 - N), mg/L, Max Electrical - - - - 2250 Conductivity, µmhos/cm, max Sodium absorption - - - - 26 Ratio Boron, mg/L, Max - - - - 2 A) Drinking water sources without conventional treatment but after disinfecting B) Outdoor Bathing (organized) C) Drinking water source with conventional treatment followed by disinfecting D) Propagation of wildlife, fisheries E) Irrigation, industrial cooling, controlled waste disposal

XII Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

APPENDIX 3.5 : List of Mammals

Sr. No English Name Scientific name 1 Shortnosed fruitbat Cynopterus sphinx 2 Flying fox bat Pterosus quiganteus 4 Pangolin Manis crassicaudata 5 Wild dog Cuon alpinus 6 Jungle Cat Felis chaus affinus 7 Wild Boar Sus scrofa cristatus 8 Malayan Giant squirel Ratufa biclolor 9 Sloth Bear Melursus ursinus 10 Jackal Canis aures 11 The four horned antelope Tetracerus guadricornis 12 Beared sheath tailed bat Taphozous melanopogon 13 Spotted Deer Axis axis 14 Grey musk shrew Suncus murinus 15 Ratel Mellivora capensis 16 Three striped palm squirrel Funambulus palmanum 17 Five striped palm Squirrel Funambulus pennanti 18 Mouse Deer Tragulus meminna 19 Elephant Elephas maximus 20 Haeyna Hayaena hyaena 21 Porcupine Hystrix indica 22 Hare Lepus nigricicollis 23 Fox Vulpes bengalensis 24 Barking deer Muntiacus muntijack 25 Rhesus macaque Macaca mullata 26 Honuman Langur Presbytis entellus 27 Rat Rattus rattus 28 White tailed wood rat R. blanfordii 29 Small Indian mangoose Heypestes edwardsi 30 Blue bull Boselaphus tragocamelus 31 Smooth Indian otter Lutra perspicillata 32 Wolf Canis lupus 33 Toddycat Paradoxurus hermaphroditus 34 Small Indian civet Viverrcula indica 35 Sambar Cervus unicolor Source: Forest Department, Sambalpur and Bolangir Forest Division and field studies

XIII Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Appendix 3.6 : List of Reptiles

A. Lizards:

Sl No English Name Scientific Name Family Hemidactylus brooki 1 House Lizard gray Gekkonidae Cyrtodactylus 2 ------nebulosus Gekkonidae Hemidactylus 3 Rock Gecko macularus Gekkonidae 4 Hemidactylus faviviridis Gekkonidae 5 Land Monitor Lizard Varanus bengalensis Varanidae 6 Land Monitor Lizard Varanus flavescens Varanidae 7 Water Monitor Lizard Varanus salvator Varanidae

B. Snakes:

Sl No English Name Scientific Name Family Ramphotyphlops 1 Common Blind Snake braminus Typhlopidae 2 Indian Python Python molurus molurus Boidae 3 Russels Earthboa Eryx conicus Boidae 4 ------Enhydris enhydis Colubridae 5 ------Enhydris sieboldi Colubridae 6 Copper Head Elephe helena Colubridae 7 Rat Snake Elephe radiata Colubridae 8 Checkeered Keelback Ptyas mucosus Colubridae 9 ------Xenochorphis piscator Colubridae 10 King Cobra Naja naja naja Elapidae 11 Cobra Naja kauthia Elapidae 12 Russel viper Ophiophagus hannah Elapidae 13 Saw scale viper Viper russeli Viperidae Source: Forest Department, Sambalpur and Bolangir Forest Division

Appendix 3.7 : List of Amphibians

Sl No English Name Scientific Name Family

1 Common Indian Toad Bufo melanostictus Bufonidae

2 Marbled Toad Bufo stomaticus Microhylidae

3 Marbled Baloon Frog Uperodon systoma Microhylidae

XIV Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

4 Baloon Frog Uperodon globulosus Microhylidae

5 Ornale Microhylid Microhyla ornata Microhylidae

6 Variable Ramanella Ramanella variegate ------

7 Skipping Frog Rana cyanophylyctis Ranidae

8 Leaping Frog Rana erytharaea Ranidae

9 Indian Bull Frog Rana tigrina Ranidae

10 Jerdon's Bull Frog Rana Crassa Ranidae

11 Fungoid Frog Rana malabarica Ranidae

12 Gunther's Warty Frog Rana keralensis Ranidae

13 Paddy- Field Frog Rana limnocharis Ranidae

14 Bowing Frog Tamopterna breviceps Ranidae

15 Tree Frog Polypedates maculatus Ranidae Source: Forest Department, Sambalpur and Bolangir Forest Division

XV Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Appendix 3.8 : List of Birds

S. No English Name Scientific Name 1 Common myna Acridotheres tristis 2 Bank Myna Acridotheres ginginianus 3 Oriental Skylark Alauda gulgula 4 Brown Cheeked Fulvetta Alcippe poioicephala 5 White Breasted Waterhen Amauronis phoenicurus 6 Asian Openbill Stork Anastomus oseitans 7 Darter Anhinga melanogaster 8 Little cormorant Phalacrocorax niger 9 Indian Cormorant Phalacrocorax fuscicollis 10 Malawar Pied Hornbill Anthrococeros coronatus 11 House Swift Apus affinis 12 Grey heron Ardea cinerea 13 Indian Pond Heron Ardeola cinerea 14 Jungle Owlet Glaucidium radiatum 15 Spotted Owlet Athene brama 16 Cattle egret Bubulcus ibis 17 Spotted bellied eagle owlet Bubo nipalensis 18 Eurasian Thick Knee Burhinus oedicnemus 19 Indian Nightjar Caprimulgus asiaticus 20 Grey Nightjar Caprimulgus indicus 21 Lesser Coucal Cencetropus bengalensis 22 Greater Coucal Centropus sinensis 23 Pied Kingfisher Cerlyle rudis 24 Goldenfronted leafbird Chloropsis aurifrons 25 Blue Winged leafbird Chloropsis cochinchinensis 26 Pied Cuckoo Clamator jacobinus 27 Chestnut Winged Cuckoo Clamator coromandus 28 Rock Pigeon Columba livia 29 Oriental Magpie Robin Copsychus saularis 30 White Rumped Shan Copsychus malabaricus 31 Indian Roller Coracias benghalensis 32 Malabar Trogon Harpactes fasciatus 33 Large-Billed Crow Corvus macrorhynchos 34 House crow Corvus splendens 35 White Browed Fantail Rhipidura aureola 36 Common Hawk Cuckoo Hierococcyx varius 37 Indian cuckoo Cuculus micropterus 38 Lesser Whistling Duck Dendrocyhna javanica 39 Fulvus Whistling Duck Dendrocygna bicolor 40 Black drongo Dicrusus macrocercus XVI Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

S. No English Name Scientific Name 41 White bellied drongo Dicrusus caerulescens 42 Greater Racket tailed Drongo Dicrurus paradiseus 43 Spangled Drongo Dicrurus hottentottus 44 Lttle egret Egetta garzetta 45 Red headed bunting Emberiza bruniceps 46 Asian Koel Eudynamys scolopacea 47 Black frankolin Francolinus francolinus 48 Common snipe Gallinago gallinago 49 Painted Spurfowl Galloperodix lunulata 50 Redjungle fowl Gallus gallus 51 Grey jungle fowl Gallus sonneratii 52 Brahminy Kite Haliastur indus 53 Hill Myna Gracula religiosa 54 White throated Kingfisher Halcyon smyrnensis 55 Crested Tree Swift Hemiprocne coronata 56 Cinnamon bittern Ixobrychus cinnamomeus 57 Great grey shrike Lanius excubitor 58 Pallas's Gull Larus icthyaetus 59 Blackheaded Gull Lrus ridibundus 60 Black Headed Munia Lonchura malacca 61 Munia Lonchura punctulata 62 Coppersmith Barbet Megalaima haemacephala 63 Brownheaded barbet Megalaima zeylenica 64 Green bee eater Merops orientalis 65 Blue tailed bee eater Merops phillipinus 66 Black Kite Milvus migrans 67 Rufous Winged Bushlark Mirafra assamica 68 Asian Brown flycatcher Muscicapa dauurica 69 Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo 70 Purple sunbird Nectarinia astatica 71 Black Crowned night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax 72 Black headed Oriole Oriolus xanthornus 73 Common tailorbird Orthotomus sutorius 74 Eurasian scops owl Otus scoops 75 House Sparrow Passer domesticus 76 Indian Peefowl Pavo cristatus 77 Puff throated Babbler Pellorneum ruficeps 78 Jungle Bush Quail Perdicula asiatica 79 Grey headed woodpacker Picus canus 80 Pacific Golden Plover Ploceus phillipinus 81 Little Grebe Podiceps ruficollis

XVII Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

S. No English Name Scientific Name 82 Rufescent Prinia Prinia rufuscens 83 Grey breasted Prinia Prinia hodgsonii 84 Rufous fronted Prinia Prinia buchanani 85 Alexandrine Parakeet Psittacula eupatria 86 Roseringed Parakeet Psittacula krameri 87 White Browed Bulbul Pycnonotus luteolus 88 Red Whishered Bulbul pyononotus jacosus 89 red Vented Bulbul Pyononotus cafer 90 Red headed vulture Sacrocogyps calvus 91 Crested Serpent Eagle Spilornis cheela 92 Changeable Hawk Eagle Spizaetus cirrhatus 93 Spotted dove Stereptopelia chinensis 94 Eurasian collared dove Stereptopelia decaocto 95 Woodsandpiper Tringa glareola 96 Green sandpiper Tringa ochropus 97 Common green Shank Tringa guttifer 98 Common babbler Turdoides caudatus 99 Rufous Babbler Turdoides subrufus 100 Large grey babbler Turdoies malcolmi 101 Barn owl Tyto alba 102 Common hoopoe Upupa epops 103 Red Wattled Lapwing Venellus indicus 104 Orange headed thrush Zoothera citrina 105 Little stint Calidris minuta 106 Temminck's Stint Calidris temminckii Source: Forest Department, Sambalpur and Bolangir Forest Division

XVIII Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Appendix 3.9 : List of flora

S. S. No. Scientific Name Family No. Scientific Name Family A. Trees 1 Acacia auriculiformis Mimosaceae 77 Limonia acidissima Rutaceae 2 Mangifera indica Anacardiaceae 78 Garuga pinnata Burseraceae 3 Spondias pinnata Anacardiaceae 79 Glochidion lanceolarium Euphorbiaceae 4 Bahinia malbarica Caesalpiniace 80 Mallotus phillippensis Euphorbiaceae 5 Morinda pubescens Rubiaceae 81 Hymendictyon orixense Rubiaceae 6 Alanginium salviifolium Alangiaceae 82 Cleistanthus collinus Euphorbiaceae 7 Emlica officianalis Euphorbiaceae 83 Ceriscoides turgida Rubiaceae 8 Terminalia arjuna Combreataceae 84 Diospyros malabarica Ebenaceae 9 Terminalia alata Combreataceae 85 Pongamia pinnata Papilionaceae 10 Saraca asoca Caesalpiniace 86 Papilionaceae (Fabacea) Euphorbiaceae 11 Ficus religiosa Moraceae 87 Bridela retusa Longaniaceae 12 Terminalia belerica Combreataceae 88 Strychnos potatorum Ebenaceae 13 Ougenia oojenesis Papilionaceae 89 Diospyros sylvatica Ebenaceae 14 Kydia caycina Malvaceae 90 Acacia catechu Mimosaceae 15 Acacia nilotica Papilionaceae 91 Homalium nepalense Flacourtiaceae 16 Erythrina suberosa Malvaceae 92 Suregada multiflora Euphorbiaceae 17 Ficus bengalensis Moraceae 93 Strychnos nuxvomica Strychnaceae 18 Bauhinia purpurea Moraceae 94 Sterculia villosa Sterculiaceae 19 Zizyphus mauritiana Capparidaceae 95 Xylia xylocarpa Mimosaceae 20 Crateva religiosa 96 Careya arborea Lecythidaceae 21 Melia composita Meliaceae 97 Holarrhena pubesceus Apocynaceae 22 Hespenthusa alata Rutaceae 98 Schleichera oleosa Sapindaceae 23 Naringi crenulata Rutaceae 99 Symplocos racemosa Strychnaceae 24 Aegle marmelos Rutaceae 100 Madhuca indica Sapotaceae 25 Casearia tomentosa Samybaceae 101 Lannea coromandelica Anacardiaceae Semecarpus 26 anacardium Anacardiaceae 102 Antidesma acidum Euphorbiaceae 27 Chloroxylon sweitenia Meliaceae 103 Macaranga peltata Euphorbiaceae Pterocarpus 28 marsupium Papilionaceae 104 Albizia procera Mimosaceae 29 Buchanania lanzen Anacardiaceae 105 Grewia elastica Tiliaceae 30 Vitex penduncularis Verbenaceae 106 Sapindus emarginatus Sapindaceae 31 Santalum album Santalaceaeh 107 Mitragyna parvifolia Rubiaceae 32 Elaedendron glaucum Celastraceae 108 Azadirachta indica Meliaceae 33 Alstonia scholaris Apocynaceae 109 Protium serratum Burseraceae Sterospermum 34 Cassia siamea Caesalpiniace 110 chelonoides Bignonioceae

XIX Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND) 35 Michelia Champaca Magnoliaceae 111 Butea monosperma Papilionaceae 36 Cassine glauca Verbenaceae 112 Erythrina variegata Papilionaceae 37 Glycosmis pentaphylla Rutaceae 113 Artocarpus heterophyllus Moraceae Stereospermum 38 angustifolum Bignonioceae 114 Trewia nudiflora Euphorbiaceae 39 Ctex peduncularis Verbenaceae 115 Firmiana colorata Sterculiaceae 40 Anogeisus latifolia Cobretaceae 116 Aphanamixis polystachya Meliaceae 41 Grewia tiliofolia Tiliaceae 117 Lagerstroemia speciosa Lythraceae 42 Gradenia latiofolia Rubiaceae 118 Ficus cunia Moraceae 43 Gradenia tiliofolia Rubiaceae 119 Polyalthia cerasoides Annonaceae 44 Ehretia laevis Boraginaceae 120 Milliusa tomentosa Annonaceae 45 Holoptelia integrifolia Ulmaceae 121 Anogeisus acuminata Moraceae 46 Plectronia didyum Rubiaceae 122 Wrightia arborea Apocynaceae Syzygium 47 Albizzia procea Mimosaceae 123 caryophyllifolium Myrtaceae 48 Dalbergia paniculata Papilionaceae 124 Drypetes roxburghii Euphorbiaceae 49 Ficus glomerata Moraceae 125 Ficus semicordata Moraceae 50 Eucalyptus spp. Mytraceae 126 Dillenia pentagyna Dilleniaceae 51 Dimorphocalyx glabellus Euphorbiaceae 127 Bursera serrata Burseraceae 52 Gmelina arborea Verbanaceae 128 Soymida febrifuga Meliaceae 53 Milliusa velutina Annonaceae 129 Tectona grandis Verbanaceae Cochlospermum 54 religiosum Bixaceae 130 Stereblus asper Moraceae 55 Albizzia oderatisima Mimosaceae 131 Moringa oleifera Moringaceae 56 Zizyphus glaberrima Rhamnaceae 132 Shorea robusta Dipterocarpaceae 57 Zizyphus xylopyna Rhamnaceae 133 Boswellia serrata Burseraceae 58 Albizia chinensis Mimosaceae 134 Caryota urens Arecaceae 59 Ailanhus excelsa Simarubaceae 135 Catunaregam spinosa Rubiaceae 60 Nyctanthes arbortristis Oleaceae 136 Callicarpa macrophylla Verbinaceae 61 Sterculia urens Sterculiaceae 137 Bombax ceiba Bombaceceae 62 Pterocarpus xylocarpum Sterculiaceae 138 Lagerstroemia parviflora Lythraceae 63 Acacia leucopholia Mimosaceae 139 Grevillea robusta Proteaceae 64 Gardenia gummiflora Rubiaceae 140 Albizia lebbek Mimosaceae 65 Diospytos montana Ebenaceae 141 Dalbergia sissoo Papilionaceae 66 Adina cordifolia Rubiaceae 142 Dalbergia latifolia Papilionaceae 67 Licuala peltata Palmaceae 143 Cassia fistula Caesalpiniaceae 68 Terminalia hebula Combreataceae 144 Borassus flabellifer Arecaceae 69 Barringtonia acutangla Barringtoniacea 145 Ficus hispida Moraceae 70 Syzygium cuminii Myrtaceae 146 Ochna obtusata Ochnaceae 71 Eugenia jambulana 147 Ixora pavetta Rubiaceae 72 Listia glutinosa Lauraceae 148 Tamarindus indica Caesalpiniaceae 73 Ficus infectoria Myrtaceae 149 Wendlandia tinctoria Rubiaceae 74 Arthocephalus lacucha Myrtaceae 150 Toona ciliata Meliaceae 75 Citrus medica Myrtaceae 151 Melia dubia Meliaceae 76 Anthocephalus chinensis Rubiaceae

B. Shrubs Blepharis 1 madseraspatensia 40 Crotalaria spectabilis Papilionaceae XX Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Eranthemuym 2 purpurascens 41 Streblus taxoides Moraceae 3 Premna hamiltoni 42 Terenna asiatica Rubiaceae 4 Permna calycina 43 Strobilanthes scaber Acanthaceae 5 Hemidesmus indicus Periplocaceae 44 Glochidion lanceolarium Euphorbiaceae 6 Vernonia aspera Asteraceae 45 Murraya paniculata Rutaceae 7 Carissa opaca Apoocynaceae 46 Ziziphus oenoplia Rhamnaceae 8 Alangium salvifolium Alangiaceae 47 Ficus tinctoria Moraceae 9 Calotropis gigantean Asclepiadaceae 48 Manikara hexandra Sapotaceae 10 Cycas circinalis Cycadaceae 49 Mimosa himalayana Mimosaceae 11 Capparis hrevispina Capparaceae 50 Pavetta crassiculis Rubiaceae 12 Eupatorium odoratum Asteraceae 51 Clerodendron viscosum Verbenaceae 13 Anona squamosa Asteraceae 52 Holarrhena pubescens Apoocynaceae 14 Symphorema polyandum Verbenaceae 53 Mimosa pudica Mimosaceae 15 Tragia involucrate Euphorbiaceae 54 Lantana camara Verbenaceae 16 Flacourtia indica Flacourtiaceae 55 Dendropthoe falcate Loranthanceae 17 Ocimum gratissimum Lamiaceae 56 Antidesmum acidum Euphorbiaceae 18 Jasmunum arborescens Oleaceae 57 Helicteres isora Steruculiaceae 19 Fioria vitifolia Malvaceae 58 Cipadessa baccifera Meliaceae 20 Leea asiatica Vitaceae 59 Ardisia salanaceae Myrsinaceae 21 Phoenix acaulis Arecaceae 60 Atalantia monophylla Rutaceae 22 Kisticia adhatoda Acanthaceae 61 Rauvolfia serpentina Apoocynaceae 23 Vitex negundo Verbenaceae 62 Oroxylum indicum Bignoniaceae 24 Solanum nigrum Solanaceae 63 Catunaregam malabarica Rubiaceae 25 Spatholoburghii Leguminoceae 64 Catunaregam nutans Rubiaceae Ceasalpiniacea 26 Casia obtusiflia e 65 Desmodiremo tringulare Papilionaceae 27 Crotolaria junceae Papilionaceae 66 Flemingia chappar Papilionaceae 28 Canthium dicoccum Rubiaceae 67 Zanthoxylum armatum Rutaceae 29 Barleria prionitis Acanthaceae 68 Colocasia esculenta Araceae 30 Woodfordia fruticosa Lythraceae 69 Asparagus recemosus Liliaceae Melastoma 31 malabathricum Melastomaceae 70 Euphorbia nivulia Euphorbiaceae 32 Nyctanthes arbortristics Oleaceae 71 Grewia helicterifolia Tilliaceae Clerodendron 33 infortunatum Verbenaceae 72 Ixora pavetta Rubiaceae 34 Indigofera cassioldes Fabaceae 73 Wndlandia tectoria Rubiaceae 35 Diospyos ferrea Ebenaceae 74 Catunarengam ulilginosa Rubiaceae 36 Gardenia gummiferra Rubiaceae 75 Ocimum sanctum Lamiaceae Pogostemon 37 benghasensis Lamiaceae 76 Bambusa mutans 38 Phulanthus reticularis Euphorbiaceae 77 Gigantchloa hasskarliana 39 Schefflera venulosa Araliaceae 78 Dendrocalamus strictus Climbers 1 Cissampelos pareira Menispermacea 22 Pueraria tuberosa Papilionaceae 2 Hemidesmus indicus Periplocaceae 23 Dioscorea pentaphylla Dioscoreaceae 3 Combretum decandrum Combretaceae 24 Calamus guruba Arecaceae 4 Milletia extensa Papilionaceae 25 Ventilago madraspatana Rhamnaceae 5 Capparis zeylancia Capparaceae 26 Dioscorea alata Dioscoreaceae 6 Argyreia setosa Convolvulaceae 27 Calycopteris floribunda Combretaceae 7 Bauhinia roxburghiana Caesalpinaceae 28 Zizyphus oenoplia Rhamnaceae 8 Mucuna pruiens Papilionaceae 29 Dioscorea belophyla Dioscoreaceae 9 Dioscorea hispada Dioscoreaceae 30 Dioscorea puber Dioscoreaceae Trichosanthes 10 cucumerina Cucurbitaceae 31 Butea superba Papilionaceae

XXI Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

11 Atylosia scarabaeoides Papilionaceae 32 Hiptagebenghalensis Melpighiacerae 12 Opilia amentacea Opiliaceae 33 Canavalia gladiata Papilionaceae Trichosanthes 13 Tragia involurata Euphoribiaceae 34 tricuspidata Cucurbitaceae 14 Butea monosperma Papilionaceae 35 Gnetum ula Gnetaceae 15 Acacia sinuata Mimosaceae 36 Smilax zeylanica Smilaceae 16 Entada rheedii Mimosaceae 37 Butea parviflora Papilionaceae 17 Milletia ariculata Papilionaceae 38 Dioscorea oppositifolia Dioscoreaceae 18 Marsdenia tenacissima Asclepiadaceae 39 Pergularia docmia Asclepiadaceae 19 Caesalpinia bigyna Caesalpinaceae 40 Calamus viminalis Arecaceae 20 Cryptolepis buchanani Periplocaceae 41 Cissus assamica Vitaceae 21 Gymnema sylvestre Asclapidaceae Herbs 1 Achyranthes bidentata Amaranthaceae 21 Desmodium gangeticum Fabaceae 2 Ageratum conyzoides Astreraceae 22 Elephantopus scaber Astreraceae 3 Allmania nodiflora Amaranthaceae 23 Hyptis suaveolens Lamiaceae 4 Alysicarpus hamosus Amaranthaceae 24 Indigofera trita Fabaceae 5 Amberboa ramosa Astreraceae 25 Merremia umbellata Convolvulaceae 6 Ammanla baccifera Lythraceae 26 Kalanchoe pinnata Crassulaceae 7 Andrographis paniculata Acanthaceae 27 Dalzellia zeyianica Pedostemaceae 8 Anisomeles indica Lamiaceae 28 Lapidagathis fasciculata Acanthaceae 9 Argemone mexicana Papoveraceae 29 Mimosa pudica Mimosaceae Aristolochiacea 10 Aristolochia indica e 30 Musa ornata Musaceae Peucedanum 11 Curcuma angustifolia Zingiberaceae 31 nagpurenrse Apiaceae 12 Curcuma aromaticca Zingiberaceae 32 Piper longum Piperaceae 13 Canscora decussta Gentianaceae 33 Ruellia tuberosa Acanthaceae 14 Celosia argenteae Amaranthaceae 34 Solanum virginianum Solanaceae Chlorophytum Strachytarpheta 15 arudinaceum Liliaceae 35 jamaicensis Verbenaceae 16 Costus speciosus Zingiberaceae 36 Sansevieria roxburghiana Agavaceae 17 Crotolaria epunctata Fabaceae 37 Tridax procumbens Astreraceae 18 Cassia obtusifolia Caesalpinaceae 38 Triumfetta rhomboidea Tiliaceae Commelina Commelinacea 19 benghalensis e 39 Zingiber purpureum Zingiberaceae 20 Centella asiatiaca Apiaceae

TERIDOPHYTES/FERNS

S. No Scientific Name Family S. No Scientific Name Family 1 Adiantum caudatum Adiantaceae 21 Dryopteris Cochleata Dryopteridaceae Aciniopteridace Eqsuisetum 2 Actinopteris radiatama ae 22 rammossissimum Equisetaceae 3 Adiantum philippense Adiantaceae 23 Heminotis arifolia Hemion tidaceae 4 Angiopteris evecta Angiopteridacea 24 Lygodium flexcuosum Lygodiaceae 5 Alsophila gigantean Cytheaceae 25 Macrothelyptris torresiana Thelypteridaceae 6 Alsophila spinulosa Cytheaceae 26 Marsilea quadrifolia Marsileaceae 7 Asplenium perakense Aspleniaceae 27 Microlepia speluncae Dennstaedtiaceae Athyrium 8 hohenackerianum Athyriaceae 28 Ophioglossum reticulatum Ophioglossaceae 9 Athyrium falcatum Athyriaceae 29 Paraleptochilus decurrens Polypodiceae 10 Athyrium parasnathense Athyriaceae 30 Pneumatopteris truncata Thelypteridaceae 11 Azolla pinnata Azollaceae 31 Pronephirum nudatum Thelypteridaceae 12 Blechnum orientale Blechnaceae 32 Pteris biaurita Pteridaceae 13 Bilbitis costata Lomariopsidace 33 Pteridium aquilinum Dennstaedtiaceae XXII Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

14 Bolbitis contaminans Lomariopsidace 34 Pyrrosia mollis Polypodiceae Ceratopteris 15 thalictroides Parkeriaceae 35 Selaginella nairii Salaginellaceae 16 Chielanthes tenuifolia Cheilanthaceae 36 Selaginella indica Salaginellaceae 17 Christella parasitica Thelypteridacea 37 Sphenomeris chinensis Lindsaeaceae 18 Diplazium esculentum Anthyriaceae 38 Tecteria citutaria Aspidiaceae 19 Drynaria quefolia Drynariaceae 39 Nephrolipis brisesrata Nephrolepidaceae 20 Dryopteris sparsa Dryopteridacea\

XXIII Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

APPENDIX 3.10 :PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISAL FOR WILD LIFE MOVEMENT ASSESSMENT

The rural population are best source of information to confirm the movement of animals and elephants in their area. Resident of 61 villages located around the forest areas, probable elephant movement areas were interacted to collect information like sighting of wild animals, animal call, footmark and excreta. Information was also gathered about period and frequency of wild life/elephant movement in their area. The table below summarises the name of villages, name of respondent and outcome Table 1: Outcomes of Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) in the Study area Sl.No. Name of the Name of the No. of Remarks Village Respondent (s) people interviewed 1 Ainthapali Ramesh Padhi 3 No wildlife they have seen Chandrabhanu during last few years Murmu 2 Remed Himansu Ghadei 2 No animals sight since 4 years 3 Larpang Dolamani Pradhan 4 No Wildlife sight since years 4 Limpali Netrananda Paikray 1 Occasionally Jackals are seen 5 Durgapali Durjyodhan Malick 2 No animals has been seen 6 Jhakarpada Ramesh Dalei 4 No wildlife sightings 7 Ekontapali Jamuna Naik 3 Jackals are seen Sunita Tudu occasionally Gauri Kisku 8 Goshala Magiram Mallick 2 One python has been rescued last year 9 Babubandh Laxmidhar Seth 2 No wildlife sightings 10 Jogipali Dhani Samal 3 Bats, Jackals, foxes seen occasionally 11 Nakapada Kashinath Behera 3 No wildlife sightings 12 Lahanda Basanta Sahu 4 Jackals, Bears, spotted deer has been sighted seasonally 13 Burla Sanatan Majhi 2 Hyena, Jackals, Spotted deer, Sambar have been sighted some time 14 Attabira Chandra Rout 4 No Wildlife sightings 15 Bargarh Diwan Samad 3 No wildlife except jackals Bijay Kumar Das 16 Chandannagar Ashok Mallick 1 Elephants come nearby forest areas for crop raiding 17 Khaliapali Paradeshi Gauda 15 Elephants come seasonally Rajanikanta Singh to raid crops to the nearby Saroj Majhi waterhole and crossing the Iswar Dharua railway track at Khaliapalli Station. Other wildlife present in the area are the spotted deer and jackals XXIV Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Sl.No. Name of the Name of the No. of Remarks Village Respondent (s) people interviewed 18 Hadbhanga Madhusudan Dharua 4 wildlife sightings includes deer, barking deer, wild boar, etc 19 Godbhaga Santosh Kumar Sethy 3 Seen python 3 months ago 20 Ladukhai Balunki Khandayat 5 Spotted deer, Barking deer, etc 21 Soranda Bira Bhujabala 2 No wildlife sightings 22 Chenajuri Rabi Khuntia 3 No animals coming towards the area 23 Rengalipali Damodar Pradhan 1 Wild boars and jackals are seen occasionally 24 Kalapani Kanistha Pradhan 4 No wildlife except jackals 25 Bahiapadar Akhila Murmu 3 No wildlife sightings 26 Pahandi Laxman Mandal 2 No wildlife sightings in previous years 27 Cherupali Surendra Mohapatra 2 Jackals and barking deer 28 Digsara Chandramani Naik 3 No wildlife 29 Salebhata Khamari Majhi 4 Elephant came to the area before 5 years, after that no movement of the elephants. 30 Murshul Gadadhar Murmu 3 Bears, jackal, barking deer are in the nearest forest area. 31 Danipali Dama Majhi 2 Jungle cats and barking deer seen frequently in the forest areas crossing the road 32 Bakti Shingha Khamar 3 No wildlife sightings 33 Badmal Basudev Pradhan 2 Jackals are common in the areas 34 Balangir Saheb Pradhan 2 No wildlife in this particular areas 35 Asurmunda Sukant Ghadei 4 Bears, jackals and barking deer seen occasionally 36 Bhangabahal Chandan Das 1 Jackals seen occasionally 37 Dunguripali Amulya Nayak 3 Bears, jackals, wild boars seen occasionally 38 Rampur Magi Das 1 No wildlife sightings 39 Dhanaradadar Damodar Sahu 2 No animals sighting in these areas 40 Lohramunda Madhu Mohanty 2 Jackals sometime seen near forest areas 41 Sankhua Kailas Khadenga 2 No Wildlife, seasonally migration of elephants occurs during rainy season. 42 Jharbandali Satrughna Samal 3 Bears, Jackals, Barking deer, 43 Rugudkhai Nirakar Sahu 4 Hyena, etc are seen 44 Negipali Sushanta Mallick 5 occasionally in the forest 45 Bendera Nira Kundu 3 areas

XXV Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Sl.No. Name of the Name of the No. of Remarks Village Respondent (s) people interviewed 46 Luhurapali Radhakanta 1 No wildlife sightings Mohapatra 47 Burda Rajani Pradhan 5 No wildlife sighted 48 Loisingha Manoj Badatia 2 Jackals seen occasionally 49 Matkhai Majhei Rout 4 Elephants visit this area occasionally but not moving towards the railway track 50 Budhi padar Tiki Khamar 2 No such wildlife sightings 51 Fasad Chandan Naik 2 No wildlife sightings 52 Siletpada Subas Palei 1 Small mammals sometimes seen in this area 53 Singhkhamar Tarun Singh 2 No wildlife sightings 54 Jalia Ananda Das 2 Jackals and barking deer seen sometime 55 Basupalli Musa Barik 3 Jackals seen occasionally 56 Banjipalli Gundicha Naik 1 Jackals, bears, wild boars seen occasionally 57 Raepalli Siba Samal 2 No wildlife seen during last years 58 Deogaon Dibakar Naik 2 Wild boars and jackals have seen occasionally 59 Dogaon Road Kamar Roul 2 No wildlife sightings 60 Saintala Ramakanta Sahu 3 No wildlife has seen during last years 61 Titlagarh Madhu Sudan Sahu 2 Very rarely seen wild boars Bhaskar Parida and jackals but not coming towards the railway tracks.

XXVI Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

APPENDIX 3.11 : ELEPHANTS’ HABITATS IN INDIA AND THEIR BEHAVIOURAL ASPECTS

Elephants have several habitats in India. They move from one habitat to another habitat mostly following a set route. Their frequently traversed route is called elephant corridor. Some time (once or twice a year), elephants move to other areas for want of food or water, normally following a defined path which is called elephant passage. This chapter enlists the elephants’ habitat areas in the country and known corridors/passages.

Elephants in Indian Sub Continent There were between 34,390 and 56,045 wild Asian elephants14 over 436,230 km2 area of habitat in Asia, with approximately half (17,000 – 22,000) of these found in India. However, the historical ranges of the elephants in India have shrunk and they are now confined to distinct geographical zones. Elephants were inhabited in most of the arid areas in the Indian subcontinent, having been recorded even from the dry tracts of Punjab and Saurashtra in the 4th century. Elephants once inhabited in parts of Madhya Pradesh and the Bombay region as well. They were present in Rajasthan from where they disappeared before 1885. At present, elephant are mostly found in the following five clusters in India. i. Northwest Indian population in the Forest Divisions of Dehradun, Bijnor and Nainital districts of Uttar Pradesh; ii. Southern population distributed in Western Ghats in the states of Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu north of Palghat gap; iii. Southern population in the states of Kerala, Tamil Nadu south of Palghat gap; iv. Central Indian population distributed in Southern Bihar, South Bengal and Orissa and v. Eastern population distributed in North Bengal, Assam and other states of Eastern India. The habitat areas of elephant in India are shown at Fig. 1. There is isolated population of elephants in northern India along the foothills of Himalayas in Uttar Pradesh. The elephants in Northeast India are distributed in fragmented habitats that extend from the Himalayas foothills to Bhutan through Northeast Bengal to the states of Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Mizoram, Meghalaya and Tripura. Central Indian elephant population is distributed in Orissa, Bihar and far south of West Bengal. The largest population of

14 Source the book on “The Asian Elephant: Ecology and Management” by Sukumar - distribution of Asian elephants in the continent XXVII Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

elephants in Central India is in Orissa in an area of 20,000 km2 of highly fragmented deciduous forests.

Figure 1: Location of Elephant Habitats in India Elephants in Orissa Fifteen elephant habitats have been identified in Orissa, which covers an area of 11,167 sq. km. Out of the total area only 44.4% comes under eleven, forests/protected areas. To the north of Mahanadi River, elephants are distributed in Baripada, Karanjia, Keonjhar, Bamra, Rairakhol, Anugul, Dhenkanal, Athmalik and Athagarh Forest Divisions in Orissa. To the south of the Mahanadi River, Mahendragiri, Boudh, Nayagarh, Phulbani, Baliguda, Kalahandi, Rayagada, Paralakhemundi and Ghumusar north forest divisions in Orissa also form the elephant habitats. The Kandhamal hills of Eastern Ghat extending into Phulbani, Kalahandi and Koraput districts of Orissa also harbor a sound population of elephants. Three elephant reserves have been declared in Orissa, viz. Mayurbhanj, Mahanadi and Sambalpur along with additional proposal for two more elephant reserves namely Brahmani-Baitarani and South Orissa Elephant Reserves. The elephant habitat of north of the Mahanadi river is threatened by severe mining activities where as the southern part (about 5030 sq. km.) suffers from shifting cultivation. The other causes of human-elephant conflict include habitat encroachment, migration of elephants through their corridors, delicacy of crops and intoxication due to brewed rice and mahua flower and need of water. It has been observed that the traditional paths or the corridors of the elephants are also being changed

XXVIII Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Elephant Behavioural Aspects Elephants by nature are the large ranging animals. They can move more than 40 km during the night time. The herd goes on browsing different plant species while moving along the forests as well as agricultural fields. The large range helps the habitat to be regenerated during the next movement period to satisfy the natural ecosystem equilibrium. Elephants prefer a number of plant species as their food. As per a study elephants, prefer about 128 plant species belonging to Poaceae family. The presence of food plants, availability of water, and the size, structure and biotic components of the vegetation cover along the forest habitat play major role in elephant migration. Food: Forest elephants consume much amount of plant species; even though destroys more than they are having. They feed opportunistically on certain fleshy fruits when these are available and rely upon less nutritious foods during periods of fruit scarcity. Debarking was also noticed during the movement in order to meet the mineral requirement of the species. However, elephants are tempted to leave forests areas and raid the cultivated crops whenever they find food that is more palatable. Thus, the forest having most of the food plant species and with well regenerative index is the ideal habitat for elephant migration and corridor.

Water: Elephant consumes lot of water to cater the need of the physiological metabolic activities and to regulate body temperature. In the moist forests, elephant favours tree species and fruit in the dry season due to its high aquatic content. However, the water provided by the fruits is not enough, as in this season elephants come out of the forest area in search of water. Artificial waterholes near human habitation sometimes used by the elephants that many of the time leads to the human- elephant conflict. Corridors on riverbanks have the advantage of providing drinking water for the elephants.

Forest types: The ideal habitat for the elephants is the mixed forest with a very good understory vegetation and canopy cover to hide them in the daytime. The forest areas, which have less human interventions, reduce the human elephant conflict. Most of the time, due to unavailability of the food plant species; elephants are lured to raid the agricultural field for more palatable food. The forest area with a perennial water source may be a very good habitat to sustain a viable population. As far as the behavioural aspect is concerned, once the elephants are acquainted with a particular type of habitat with rich supplement of the food, water and security, they use that particular area continuously over the years. Any disturbances in that particular passage force the elephants to move among villages or crop fields. In order to overcome

XXIX Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

the issue, sometimes under-passes or bridge with vegetation cover is created to restore the elephant movement. However, the elephants have used rarely that. Similarly, the vegetation passage over Rengali canal in Dhenkanal district of Orissa is not used by elephants although it was a regular corridor used by them before construction of underpass. Elephant Corridor Vs Passages Elephant corridors: The principles of landscape ecology have defined corridors as narrow strips of lands, which differ from the matrix on either side. Corridors may be isolated strips but are usually attached to a patch of somewhat similar vegetation. Corridors have also been defined as linear patches of natural vegetation providing habitat for species that are not adapted to the surrounding habitat, as temporary use areas or a permanent part of their home ranges. “The corridors are meant to increase landscape connectivity by facilitating movement of organisms between habitat fragments and thus minimize the risk inbreeding and extinction, increase local and regional population persistence and facilitate colonization”. Elephant Passage: Elephant passages are the routes through which they can have accessibility to the other viable forest habitat. It may be a traditional or occasional route used by the elephants. Sometimes any disturbances in the elephant passage lead the herd to choose another way, which leads to human-elephant conflict. Raiding of crop, house damage, human injury, human kill, elephant casualty are the consequences of human elephant conflict that threatened the elephants for their survival. Thus, the elephant passage may be a forest habitat, scrub forest, grassland, and agriculture field. Sometimes the elephants use the elephant passages seasonally, or annually.

XXX Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

APPENDIX 3.12 :ELEPHANT CENSUS RESULTS 2010

ORISSA: ELEPHANT CENSUS RESULTS. 2010 Name of Unknown Grand Male Female Young Division Sex Total Berhampur 5 24 3 5 37 Ghumsur North 5 6 0 2 13 Ghumsur South 0 0 0 0 0 Parlakhemundi 2 17 0 2 21 Balliguda 3 30 0 8 41 Boudh 0 3 3 2 8 Phulbani 1 0 0 0 1 Total Berhampur 16 80 6 19 121 Circle

Subarnapur 3 14 9 4 30 Bolangir 2 6 0 2 10 Kalahandi North 6 18 2 8 34 Kalahandi South 6 11 10 3 30 Khariar 0 0 0 0 0 Total Bhawanipatna 17 49 21 17 104 Circle

Bonai 9 26 0 10 45 Deogarh 10 33 0 15 58 Keonjhar 9 22 0 10 41 Keonjhar WL 9 21 0 5 35 Rourkela 3 4 0 4 11 Sundargarh 8 10 0 7 25 Total Rourkela 48 116 0 51 215 Circle

Chandaka WL 7 9 0 7 23 Khurda 3 2 0 1 6 Nayagarh 1 6 0 5 12 Mahanadi WL 1 4 0 2 7 Total Bhubaneswar 12 21 0 15 48 Circle 0 0 0 Sambalpur South 20 34 4 19 77 Sambalpur North 3 1 0 0 4 Rairakhol 2 7 0 7 16 Bamra WL 28 85 5 34 152 Hirakud WL 0 0 0 0 0 Bargarh 0 0 0 0 0 Total Sambalpur 53 127 9 60 249 Circle

XXXI Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Balasore WL 18 40 0 23 81 Rairangpur 14 23 0 11 48 Karanjia 10 17 0 5 32 Baripada 3 33 0 12 48 TR Similipal 39 201 5 86 331 Core Bhadrak WL 0 0 0 0 0 Total Baripada 84 314 5 137 540 Circle

Angul 11 21 1 7 40 Dhenkanal 39 91 0 27 157 Satkoshia WL 31 141 0 52 224 Athagarh 16 71 0 46 133 Cuttack 2 8 0 4 14 Athmalik 2 8 0 5 15 Total Angul 101 340 1 141 583 Circle

Rayagada 0 8 0 4 12 Jeypore 0 0 0 0 0 Nawarangpur 0 0 0 0 0 Koraput 1 9 0 4 14 Total Koraput 1 17 0 8 26 Circle

Orissa G.Total 332 1064 42 448 1886

XXXII Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

APPENDIX 4.1: GUIDELINES FOR BORROW AREAS MANAGEMENT

1. SELECTION OF BORROW AREAS Borrow areas shall be finalized either form the list of locations identified during IEE, recommended by DPR consultants or new areas identified by contractor. The finalization of locations identified DPR consultant depends upon the formal agreement between landowners and contractor. Agreement is not reached between the contractor and landowners for the identified borrow areas sites. In such cases arrangement for locating the source of supply of material for embankment and sub-grade as well as compliance to environment requirements in respect of excavation and borrow areas as stipulated from time to time by the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India, and local bodies, as applicable shall be the sole responsibility of the contractor. The contractor in addition to the established practices, rules and regulation will also consider following criteria before finalizing the locations. (1) The borrow areas should not be located in agriculture field unless unavoidable i.e. barren land is not available. (2) The borrow pits should not be located along the roads. (3) The loss of productive and agriculture soil should be minimum. (4) The loss of vegetation is almost nil or minimum. (5) Sufficient quality of soil is available. (6) The Contractor will ensure that suitable earth is available. 2. CONTRACTOR’S RESPONSIBILITY The Contractor shall obtain representative samples from each of the identified borrow areas and have these tested at the site laboratory following a testing programme approved by the Engineer. It shall be ensured that the sub-grade material when compacted to the density requirements shall yield the design CBR value of the sub-grade. Contractor shall begin operations keeping in mind following; (1) Haulage of material to embankments or other areas of fill shall proceed only when sufficient spreading and compaction plants is operating at the place of deposition. (2) No excavated acceptable material other than surplus to requirements of the Contract shall be removed from the site. Contractor should be permitted to remove acceptable material from the site to suit his operational procedure, then shall make consequent deficit of material arising there from. (3) Where the excavation reveals a combination of acceptable and un- acceptable materials, the Contractor shall, unless otherwise agreed by the Engineer, carry out the excavation in such a manner that the acceptable materials are excavated separately for use in the permanent works without contamination by the un-acceptable materials. The acceptable material shall be stockpiled separately.

XXXIII Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

(4) The Contractor shall ensure that he does not adversely affect the stability of excavation or fills by the methods of stockpiling materials, use of plants are siting of temporary buildings or structures.

3. BORROWING FROM DIFFERENT LAND-FORMS

A. Borrow Areas located in Agricultural Lands

(i) The preservation of topsoil will be carried out in stockpile. (ii) A 15 cm topsoil will be stripped off from the borrow pit and this will be stored in stockpiles in a designated area for height not exceeding 2m and side slopes not steeper than 1:2 (Vertical: Horizontal). (iii) Borrowing of earth will be carried out up to a depth of 1.5m from the existing ground level. (iv) Borrowing of earth will not be done continuously through out the stretch. (v) Ridges of not less than 8m widths will be left at intervals not exceeding 300m. (vi) Small drains will be cut through the ridges, if necessary, to facilitate drainage. (vii) The slope of the edges will be maintained not steeper than 1:4 (vertical: Horizontal). (viii) The depth of borrow pits will not be more than 30 cm after stripping the 15 cm topsoil aside.

B. Borrow Areas located in Elevated Lands

(i) The preservation of topsoil will be carried out in stockpile. (ii) A 15 cm topsoil will be stripped off from the borrow pit and this will be stored in stockpiles in a designated area for height not exceeding 2m and side slopes not steeper than 1:2 (Vertical: Horizontal). (iii) At location where private owners desire their fields to be levelled, the borrowing shall be done to a depth of not more than 1.5m or up to the level of surrounding fields

C. Borrow Areas near River side

(i) The preservation of topsoil will be carried out in stockpile. (ii) A 15 cm topsoil will be stripped off from the borrow pit and this will be stored in stockpiles in a designated area for height not exceeding 2m and side slopes not steeper than 1:2 (Vertical: Horizontal). (iii) Borrow area near to any surface water body will be at least at a distance of 15m from the toe of the bank or high flood level, whichever is maximum.

D. Borrow Areas near Settlements

XXXIV Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

(i) The preservation of topsoil will be carried out in stockpile. (ii) A 15 cm topsoil will be stripped off from the borrow pit and this will be stored in stockpiles in a designated area for height not exceeding 2m and side slopes not steeper than 1:2 (Vertical: Horizontal). (iii) Borrow pit location will be located at least 0.75 km from villages and settlements. If un-avoidable, the pit will not be dug for more than 30 cm and drains will be cut to facilitate drainage. (iv) Borrow pits located in such location will be re-developed immediately after borrowing is completed. If spoils are dumped, that will be covered with a layers of stockpiled topsoil in accordance with compliance requirements with respect MOEF/PPCB guidelines. 4. REHABILITATION OF BORROW AREAS The objective of the rehabilitation programme is to return the borrow pit sites to a safe and secure area, which the public should be able to safely enter and enjoy. Securing borrow pits in a stable condition is fundamental requirement of the rehabilitation process. This could be achieved by filling the borrow pit floor to approximately the access road level.

Re-development plan shall be prepared by the Contractor before the start of work inline with the owners will require and to the satisfaction of owner. The Borrow Areas shall be rehabilitated as per following; • Borrow pits shall be backfilled with rejected construction wastes and will be given a vegetative cover. If this is not possible, then excavation sloped will be smoothed and depression will be filled in such a way that it looks more or less like the original round surface. • Borrow areas might be used for aquaculture in case landowner wants such development. In that case, such borrow area will be photographed after their post use restoration and Environment Expert of Supervision Consultant will certify the post use redevelopment.

The Contractor will keep record of photographs of various stages i.e., before using materials from the location (pre-project), for the period borrowing activities (construction Phase) and after rehabilitation (post development), to ascertain the pre and post borrowing status of the area.

XXXV Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

APPENDIX 5.1: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component laws and Location Frame Cost Contract Documents Implementation Supervision A. Design and Construction Stage 1. Alignment  Constricted • Minimize interference to, human Design Switch over of During the Project Design RVNL, PMC Sections along settlements, requirement alignment Km 570- design stage preparation Consultant the proposed • Km 572, cost alignment Near Khosla School Km 583, Km 603& Km 678, Km 676, Km 696-Km 698, Km 690-km 691, Km 696 2. Climate

Localise • Minimize tree cutting by geometric Kyoto protocol, Through out the During Conversion of Design Climatic improvement. Forest project section Design and Forest Land= Consultant, • Compensatory Tree plantation ( 1:3) Conservation Act Construction 0.9215 x Contractor, Conditions – Diversion of • Addition plantation on river banks, of India Stage 2.511= INR RVNL and RVNL, PMC forests land for station areas and wherever additional 2.31 Mn Forests Department. non forestry suitable land is available with Railway. purposes. Compensatory tree plantation Through forest department as per cost determined by Forest department. Additional tree plantation

15 Net Present Value of Forest is 0.58 Mn to0. 92 Mn depending on the forest richness in terms of vegetation, flora, fauna and other resources. For costing purpose maximum NPV has been taken into account.

XXXVI Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component laws and Location Frame Cost Contract Documents Implementation Supervision within ROW or spare Railway land, for which cost would be paid as per BOQ.

3. Natural Hazard  Draught/Floodin • Ground water shall be used optimally Design Throughout the contractor RVNL, PMC g/Water with due permission and only in requirement stretch especially logging unavoidable situation near water Included in • Provision shall be made for water crossings Construction Construction harvesting wherever feasible Stage cost Bridge no. 329 (km • Provision of adequate cross drainage 669.3) and 235 (km structures. 630.45) • Improve drainage to restrict the flooding due to poor drainage like near station yards.

4. Air Quality

 Dust Generation • Transport of loose and fine materials Environmental Throughout project During the Included in contractor RVNL, PMC due construction through covered vehicles. Protection Act, corridor, Construction construction activities, and • Loading and unloading of construction 1986; The Air Construction sites, stage cost transport, Storage materials in covered areas or make (Prevention and Loading areas, and handling of provision of water fogging around these Control of storage areas, Pollution) Act, Transport route, construction areas to arrest the dust generation • 1981 and and hill cutting in materials. Approach roads shall be paved and widened. amendments loose-soil areas • Storage areas to be located downwind thereof of the habitation area.

XXXVII Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component laws and Location Frame Cost Contract Documents Implementation Supervision • Water spraying on earthworks, unpaved haulage roads, other dust prone areas and construction yard. • Controlled blasting in hill cutting areas. • Provision of PPEs to workers.  Emission from • Regular maintenance of machinery and Environmental Asphalt mixing During the Included in Contractor RVNL, PMC vehicle, equipment. Protection Act, plants, DG sets Construction construction equipment and • Mixing plants and asphalt will be sited at 1986; The Air locations stage cost machinery. least 1 KM in the downwind direction (Prevention and from the nearest settlement. Control of • Hot mix plant to be fitted with adequate Pollution) Act, stack height as prescribed by SPCB. 1981 and • Obtain prior consent ( no objection amendments certificate) from state pollution control thereof board for installation and operation of above equipments • DG sets to be fitted with stacks of adequate height as per regulations (Height of stack = height of the building + 0.2 √ KVA and low sulphur diesel to be used in DG sets as well as machineries. • Monitoring of air quality as per EMoP. Included in monitoring cost 5. Noise and Vibration  Noise from • All equipment to be timely serviced and Noise Pollution Throughout project During the Included in Contractor RVNL, PMC construction properly maintained to minimize its (Regulation and section especially Construction Construction vehicle, operational noise. Control) Rules, at construction stage Cost. equipment and • Construction equipment and machinery 2000 and sites, forest areas, machinery. to be fitted with silencers and amendments major bridge maintained properly. thereof locations, Blasting • Provision of temporary noise barrier at Location and where sensitive locations. Time regulation near existing formation residential and other sensitive areas is made up of • Protection devices (ear plugs or ear comparatively

XXXVIII Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component laws and Location Frame Cost Contract Documents Implementation Supervision muffs) will be provided to the workers unconsolidated soil. operating in the vicinity of high noise generating machines. • Speed control shall be enforced in Monitoring forest areas. Cost as • Noise monitoring as per EMoP indicated In EMoP.  Noise and • Blasting when required shall be Noise Pollution Cutting sections During the Included in Contractor RVNL, PMC vibration due to restricted to daytime hours. (Regulation and where blasting may Construction construction blasting and loose • Blasting schedules shall be publicly Control) Rules, be required stage cost soil posted in areas where residents may be 2000 and affected by the noise. amendments thereof 6. Land and Soil  Land use • Compensatory afforestation for loss of Design Through out the During Included in Contractor RVNL, PMC Change and Loss forest covers on 1: 3 basis. requirement project section and construction construction of productive/top • Top soil to be preserved and laid over borrow areas Stage cost soil either on the embankment slope for growing vegetation to protect soil erosion or spread over in the proposed plantation areas or spread over borrow areas for its rehabilitation

 Slope Protection • Construction schedule for bridges Design Throughout the Design and construction Contractor, RVNL, PMC and Soil erosion preferably during non-monsoon season. requirement stretch especially at construction cost due to • .Scouring protection structures shall be all major river stage construction built at river bank slopes. If banks are bridges and hill activities, damaged, the same shall be repaired cutting areas.

earthwork, and immediately after completion of construction activity. cut & fill etc. • Adequate provision of cross drainage

structure to maintain the natural drainage pattern. • Provision of side drain to guide the water to natural outfalls. • Provision of stone pitching wherever

XXXIX Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component laws and Location Frame Cost Contract Documents Implementation Supervision necessary. • Ballast/earth available from cutting shall be used for filling, as construction of access road, stations and embankments. • Soil shall be is spread on slopes for permanent disposal, it shall be

buttressed at the toe by retaining walls.

• Turfing of embankment slopes shall be done along the stretch. Provision shall be made for slope protection frames, dry stone pitching, and masonry retaining walls as may be required. • All steep cuts both in hard rock areas and unconsolidated soil shall be flattened and benched. Retaining wall on both sides shall be provided. Shrubs shall be planted immediately in loose soil area.

• Periodic visual checking of soil erosion

on slopes and high embankment areas along rail and implementation of suitable soil erosion prevention measures like bio turfing • Adequate engineering measures such as retaining walls shall be taken to avoid any accident anticipated at landslide vulnerable location. As a secondary prevention measures construction of barricades to restrict the boulders fall on the railway lines

XL Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component laws and Location Frame Cost Contract Documents Implementation Supervision

 Soil erosion at  The earth stockpiles to be provided Design At earth stockpiles construction construction Contractor RVNL, PMC earth stockpiles with gentle slopes to prevent soil requirement stage cost erosion.  Borrow areas and • Borrow areas should be excavated as IRC Guidelines ( All Identified During Construction Contractor RVNL, PMC quarries (erosion, per the intended end use by the owner. IRC 10:1961) on Borrow sites and construction cost loss of productive • Borrow areas should not be located on borrow areas quarries location. land, land cultivable lands except in the situations degradation, air where land owners desires to lower the pollution) level of the land. The top soil shall be preserved and depth shall be restricted to the desired level. • No private/fertile land acquisition shall be done for borrow areas. Borrow pits shall not be selected nearby the settlement. • Priority shall be given to the borrowing from humps/upland/mounds and lowering of agricultural fields above the general ground level. However, lowering of the agricultural fields shall be with the consent of farmer. • The depths in borrow pits to be regulated so that the sides shall not be steeper than 25%, • Borrow pits shall be centrally located to serve more than one site. The haulage distance from site should not be too far. • Borrow area shall be rehabilitated. The rehabilitation option may include converting it into fish pond or any other use to be decided in consultation with land owner or community. • Topsoil to be stockpiled and protected for use at the rehabilitation stage. • .Quarry material (ballast) will be

XLI Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component laws and Location Frame Cost Contract Documents Implementation Supervision sourced only from licensed quarries and having valid consent from pollution control board.  Compaction of • Construction vehicles, machinery, and Design Parking areas, Just before Included in Contractor RVNL, PMC soil due to equipment to be stationed in the requirement Haulage roads and commencem Construction movement of designated ROW to avoid compaction. construction yards. ent of cost vehicles and • Approach roads/haulage roads shall be construction equipments designed along the barren and hard soil area to reduce the compaction.  Contamination • Fuel and lubricants shall be stored at Design Fuelling station, Just before Included in Contractor; RVNL, PMC of soil due to the predefined storage location. The requirement construction sites, commencem construction leakage/spillage storage area shall be paved with gentle and construction ent of cost of oil, slope to a corner and connected with a camps and construction chamber to collect any spills of the oils. disposal location. • All efforts shall be made to minimize the waste generation. Unavoidable waste shall be stored at the designated place prior to disposal. To avoid soil contamination at the wash-down and re- fuelling areas, “oil interceptors” shall be provided. Oil and grease spill and oil soaked materials are to be collected and stored in labeled containers (Labeled: WASTE OIL; and hazardous sign be displayed) and sold off to SPCB/ MoEF authorized re-refiners. • To prevent soil compaction in the adjoining productive lands beyond the RoW, the movement of construction vehicles, machinery and equipment shall be restricted to the designated haulage route. • Approach roads shall be designed along the barren and hard soil area to reduce the compaction induced impact on soil. • The productive land shall be reclaimed after construction activity.

XLII Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component laws and Location Frame Cost Contract Documents Implementation Supervision • Domestic solid waste at construction camp shall be segregated into biodegradable and non biodegradable waste. The non biodegradable and recyclable waste shall be sold off. Bio degradable waste shall be compacted in mechanized and movable composter. Non biodegradable and non saleable waste shall be disposed off to authorised land fill site. If land fill site not available then burial of the waste in a secured manner. • Unusable debris shall be either reused or sent for land filling. • 7. Water Resources  Depletion of • Contractor will arrange and ensure Design Throughout the During Included in Contractor, RVNL, PMC Groundwater maximize use of surface water. The requirement Project section Construction construction resources due to ground water extraction shall be made stage costs with due permission. No abstraction unregulated abstraction for from already depleted aquifers. Groundwater • construction Water intensive activities preferably not authority and to be undertaken during summer period purpose irrigation (April, May June) department • Augmentation through incorporating water harvesting structures at all the stations if technically feasible.  Alteration in • Existing drainage system to be Design Near all drainage During Included in Contractor RVNL, PMC surface water maintained and further enhanced. requirement channels, river Construction construction hydrology due to • Provision of adequate size and number crossings etc. stage cost embankment of cross drainage structures. •  Siltation in water • Bridge construction preferably to be Design Near all river water During Included in Contractor RVNL, PMC bodies due to limited to the dry season or during low requirement bodies, Construction Construction construction water flow period embankment stage Cost • Embankment slopes to be modified

XLIII Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component laws and Location Frame Cost Contract Documents Implementation Supervision activities/ suitably to restrict the soil debris slopes earthwork entering water bodies. • Undertake adequate measures to prevent siltation of water bodies due to construction activities/storage of construction materials • Construction waste /debris should be collected and stockpiled for possible reuse for land filling or slop protection. • Earthworks and stone works to be prevented from impeding natural flow of rivers, streams and water canals or existing drainage system.  Deterioration in • Vehicles and equipment to be properly The Water Water bodies, During Included in Contractor RVNL, PMC Surface water maintained and refueled at dedicated (Prevention & refueling stations, Construction Construction quality due to locations and not near surface water Control of construction Stage cost Pollution) Act, leakage from bodies. camps, vehicles and • Oil and grease traps to be provided at 1974 and amendments Monitoring equipments. re-fuelling locations. • Construction camp to be sited away thereof. cost as from water bodies. indicated in • Wastes must be collected, stored EMoP and taken to approve disposal site only. • Water quality shall be monitored periodically. 8. Flora and Fauna  Vegetation loss • Suitable modifications in design to Throughout project During the Included in RVNL through RVNL, PMC due to site minimize tree cutting especially Forest corridor especially design and Construction DFO or preparation and medicinal and other important trees. Conservation in forest areas Construction Cost. contractor construction • Rail side trees to be removed with prior Act, 1980 stage activities approval of DFO. • Compensatory plantation at 1:3 basis • Provision of LPG in construction camp as fuel source to avoid tree cutting.

XLIV Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component laws and Location Frame Cost Contract Documents Implementation Supervision  Habitat • Existing ground setting to be maintained Forest In All forest areas. During included in Contractor, PMC RVNL, PMC fragmentation and in the reserved forest areas. Conservation Act Construction construction RVNL and Forest destruction 1980 and Stage Cost department. Wild Life Protection Act 1972  Threat to • Avoid Construction activity at night Forest Between Khaliapalli During Included in Contractor, PMC RVNL, PMC endangered during the month of April, May & June Conservation Act and Loisinga Stn. Construction construction RVNL and forest species and when the wildlife movement frequency 1980 & Wild Life Stage cost department disturbance to is high Protection Act elephant • Adequate retro-reflective type warning 1972 movement signboard to be fixed at appropriate places to caution the driver about the elephant movement passage (No impact on • Set-up proper communication system threatened species between state forests department and except on the railways for quick and advance movement of Asian intimation to railway driver about elephant). elephant movement

• Install message boards with contact details of forests officers and rangers of the area and nearby railway station masters to create awareness amongst villagers and open communication channel between villagers and forests/railways. • •  Impact on fishing • Siltation and water contamination shall State Govt. Near Mahanadi During Included in Contractor activity(production be prevented to reduce turbidity. Fisheries river and Hirakud Construction construction , spawning and • Restricting construction activity during Department reservoir Stage cost. RVNL, PMC breeding the breeding period in the months of guidelines and backwater. grounds) April-August. Best practices • Plantation in the riparian area of the rivers, to reduce erosion.

XLV Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component laws and Location Frame Cost Contract Documents Implementation Supervision

7. Construction Camps  Impact associated • All camps should maintain minimum Design All construction During Included in Contractor in RVNL, PMC with location distance from following: Requirement camps Construction construction consultation with # 500 m from habitation stage Cost PMC # 1000m from forest areas # 500 m from water bodies

 worker’s Health in • Adequate sanitation facilities to be The Building and All construction During Included in Contractor. RVNL, PMC construction provided at construction camps by Other camps construction construction camp means of septic tanks soak pits, etc. Construction stage Cost • Proper drainage to be maintained workers around the sites to avoid water logging (Regulation of leading to disease. Employment and • Preventive medical care to be provided Conditions of to workers. Service) Act • Disposal of solid waste on regular basis 1996 and Cess at identified locations. Act of 1996 and • Provision of day crèche for children The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and amendments thereof 8. Accident and Safety Risks  Pedestrians, • Pedestrian passageways shall be Design Near habitation on Included in Contractor in RVNL, PMC animal and provided near settlement on both sides. requirement both sides , forest Construction consultation with Vehicular • Underpasses in forest areas at suitable areas , level cost. PMC movement, locations and as feasible. crossings, • All road crossings where traffic intensity construction sites, is high shall preferably be grade- haulage roads, separated. diversion sites •

XLVI Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component laws and Location Frame Cost Contract Documents Implementation Supervision • Separation of two-way traffic by solid white centre lines or physical medians, • Safe traffic circulation during construction. • Temporary access and diversion will be provided wherever necessary, with proper drainage facilities.  Accident risk from • Contractors to adopt and maintain safe Central Motor Construction sites Construction Included in Contractor RVNL, PMC construction working practices. and Vehicle period Construction activities • Usage of fluorescent signage, in local Act 1988 cost. language at the construction sites Noise Rules • Training shall be provided to workers, 2002 especially machinery operators, on safety procedures and precautions. • It is mandatory for contractors to appoint a safety officer. • At every work place, a readily available first aid unit including an adequate supply of dressing materials, a mode of transport (ambulance), nursing staff, and doctor to be provided. 9. Shifting of Common Property Resources and other Utilities Shifting of • Geometric adjustment while finalizing Project Throughout the Before Cost of Loss through agency RVNL,PMC community the alignment to minimize the loss to requirement corridor Construction of structures nominated by properties any such facilities. as per R&R RVNL • Relocation of all water sources viz. Cost. wells, hand pumps at suitable locations. Shifting of other • All telephone and electrical poles/wires Project Throughout the Before Included in Contractor or RVNL, PMC utilities and underground cables should be requirement corridor Construction construction any other agency shifted with all care to avoid any such cost nominated by hazard RVNL B. Operation Stage 1. Climate  Global Warming  Plantation of additional trees besides Kyoto Protocol Throughout the During Part of railway East Coast Railways (Sambalpur

XLVII Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component laws and Location Frame Cost Contract Documents Implementation Supervision Effect compensatory afforestation. corridor Operation operation and Division)/ SPCB  Existing locomotives shall be maintenance maintained for increased fuel efficiency costs and new locomotives should be more fuel efficient 2. Air quality  Emission from • Use of ultra-low sulfur diesel and The Air Through out the During Part of railway East Coast Railways (Sambalpur locomotives energy efficient locomotives. (Prevention and project route. whole operation and Division)/ SPCB • Optimizing the running time with Control of operation maintenance efficient operation modules. Pollution) Act, period costs 1981 and  Fugitive emission • Specific guidelines shall be formulated amendments Hirakud station and due to loading/ for material handling practices thereof. Bargarh Road. unloading and (particularly for loading and unloading) transport of iron of the materials. Instruction defining ore/cement/coal precautions like: o Avoid practices of throwing of the bags while unloading from racks and loading to trucks. o The spill over material shall be collected immediately after unloading and efforts shall be made for its recycle / reuse. o Use of enclosed cars or covering of open cars used to carry minerals and grains to reduce fugitive dust emissions. • The unloading area shall be paved. Feasibility of mechanical sweeper and loading and unloading option may also be explored. Thick plantation shall be carried out around unloading areas to prevent spread of fugitive dusts. • The workers shall be provided with face masks and other Personal

XLVIII Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component laws and Location Frame Cost Contract Documents Implementation Supervision protective equipments (PPEs) •  Air pollution due • Traffic regulation to prevent traffic At congested level to traffic blockade. crossings congestion near level crossings 2. Noise and Vibration  Noise due to • Maintenance and tree plantation near Noise Pollution Noise sensitive During Part of railway East Coast Railways (Sambalpur movement of sensitive locations like hospitals, (Regulation and and forest areas Whole operation and Division) trains schools Control) Rules, Operation maintenance • Speed limitation and restriction on 2000 and Period costs horn in noise sensitive locations. amendments thereof  Vibration • Provision of sand pockets near Project Vibration Prone Part of railway vibration prone areas and speed requirement areas operation and limitation near bridge approaches. maintenance costs 3. Land and Soil  Soil erosion at • Periodic checking to be carried to Project At probable Through out Part of railway East Coast Railway, Sambalpur embankment assess the effectiveness of the requirement landslide locations operation operation and Division during heavy rain stabilization measures viz. turfing, and other soil period maintenance fall. stone pitching etc. erosion prone costs areas.  Soil erosion at • Monitoring of borrow areas -do- borrow areas rehabilitation plan  Soil -do- Hirakud Station. During first Monitoring cost East Coast Railways (Sambalpur Contamination • Periodic monitoring as per EMoP. Year of as indicated in Division)/SPCB due to • The loading/unloading and storage operation EMOP Handling/storage area for iron ores shall be on paved and transportation surface to avoid soil contamination. • of ironed ores Fine particles of iron ores may be collected and recycled. 4. Water Resources  Ground water • Iron ores to be stored at paved areas. Project Hirakud Station During Part of railway East Coast Railways (Sambalpur

XLIX Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component laws and Location Frame Cost Contract Documents Implementation Supervision contamination • Monitoring of ground water as per Requirement whole operation and Division)/SPCB due to storage of EMoP operation maintenance iron ores period costs  Scarce condition • Maintenance of water harvesting Proposed due to abstraction structures. residential colonies in residential colonies  Contamination of • Collection tray to be installed under the Near surface Water surface water canal bridge to prevent canal/water bodies quality due to bodies water contamination. • Monitoring of surface water bodies as leakage of used oil per EMoP

 Siltation • Periodic monitoring of siltation in water bodies.  Water logging • Regular checks shall be done along Throughout the due to blockade the alignment to ensure that flow of corridor of streams water is maintained through cross drains and other channels/streams. 5. Flora and Fauna st  Vegetation • Planted trees, shrubs, and grasses to Forest Throughout project During 1 Indicated in East Coast Railways (Sambalpur be properly maintained. Conservation Act section year of Monitoring cost Division) • The tree survivalist audit to be 1980 operation in EMoP conducted at least once in a year to period assess the effectiveness  Accident risks to • Adequate retro reflective signboard to Forest Near Khaliapali and During Part of railway East Coast Railways (Sambalpur elephants be fixed at appropriate locations to Conservation Act Loisinga Stations. whole operation and Division) caution the driver about the elephant 1980 and operation maintenance movement passage Wild Life period. costs • Maintaining regular communication Protection Act with forests department and station 1972 master to gather the advance information about elephant movement • Locomotive to be fitted with powerful ( light) beam

L Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component laws and Location Frame Cost Contract Documents Implementation Supervision • Speed of train reduced preferably to 10 km/hour between April and June specifically during night time when running in Elephant corridor. • Continuous hooting in elephant passage areas • Diver to be instructed to stop the train in the event of elephant movement around the train. • .

6. Accident Risk and Safety  Emergency • Emergency equipment to be stockpiled Project Throughout the During Part of railway East Coast Railways (Sambalpur conditions viz. in stations personnel to be trained to requirement Project route whole operation and Division) flood, operational serve on rescue teams in case of operation maintenance failures etc. flood, fire, accidents etc. stage costs • Right-of-way shall be fenced near habitation and other sensitive locations. • Use of latest railway operational mechanism to avoid derailment, collisions and other accident risks. 7. Impact due to Proposed Residential Buildings  Land and water • Provision of septic tanks for treatment The Water Near Bargarh, During Part of railway East Coast Railways (Sambalpur contamination of sewage. (Prevention & Sambalpur, Operation operation and Division) due to Control of Titlagarh and stage maintenance uncontrolled Pollution) Act, Balangir station costs yard. discharge of 1974 and

sewage amendments  Water logging • Adequate drainage facilities thereof ) due to inadequate and project storm water requirement drainage  Solid waste • Disposal of solid waste after disposal segregation into biodegradable and

LI Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component laws and Location Frame Cost Contract Documents Implementation Supervision non-biodegradable material. • Provision of small bio-composter. 8. Flooding/ Track inundation  Track inundation • Regular cleaning of drains/channels in Project Throughout the During Overall East Coast Railways (Sambalpur due to choking of the vicinity. Requirement stretch particularly whole Operation cost Division) drainage • Drains on both sides in cutting near flood prone operation channels sections should be cleaned regularly. major crossings viz. period • Maintaining good drainage systems in Bridge No. 305 yards/station 9. Right-of-Way Maintenance  Accident Risk due • The track area shall be kept Project Throughout the During Part of railway East Coast Railways (Sambalpur to uncontrolled completely clear of vegetation. requirement Project route whole operation and Division) growth of • Smaller plants shall be planted near operation maintenance vegetation the line and larger trees further. period. costs • Invasive plant not to be planted near the track. • Controlled use of herbicide application to control fast-growing vegetation within RoW. 10. Forest Fires  Loss of • Monitoring of right-of-way vegetation Project Throughout the During Part of railway East Coast Railways (Sambalpur vegetation and according to fire risk; requirement Project route whole operation and Division) accident risks due • Removal of blow down and other high- operation maintenance to forest fires hazard fuel accumulations; period. costs • Forest lines to be created along the RoW • Training of maintenance persons for fire control. • 11. Fuel Management  Land and water • Storage tanks and components shall Project Fuelling Stations Whole Part of railway East Coast Railways (Sambalpur pollution and meet international standard for requirement and Storage Tanks Operation operation and Division) fire/explosion structural design to avoid catastrophic period maintenance risks due to poor failures to prevent fires/explosion. costs fuel management • Storage tanks shall have appropriate

LII Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component laws and Location Frame Cost Contract Documents Implementation Supervision secondary containment

12. Waste Management due to Rail Operation Pollution Prevention • Floor drains if any shall be connected Project Throughout the Whole Part of railway East Coast Railways (Sambalpur and control to wastewater collection and treatment requirement stretch mainly train operation operation and Division) system. washing area/yards period maintenance • Aqueous detergent and water based costs paints shall be used. •

C. Occupational Health And Safety  Train worker • Training to workers in personal track Throughout the rail During Part of railway East Coast Railways (Sambalpur Accidents safety procedures Compliance to corridor operation operation and Division) • Blocking train traffic during maintenance Occupational stage maintenance of tracks or use of automatic warning Health and safety costs system. management  Noise and • Use of PPEs by crew members. Systems & Best Inside Trains Vibration impact • Engines to be fitted with active vibration Practices to train crew control systems for locomotives members suspensions cabs or seat posts.

 Exposure to • Provision of adequate ventilation in Train Crew Cabin, diesel exhaust to locomotive and other enclosed areas Locomotive shops rail operating and where diesel exhaust may get maintenance accumulated. staffs • Use of PPE  Fatigue to crew • Railway operators shall schedule rest Trains members periods at regular intervals and during night hours.  Maintenance of • use of PPEs by workers during At workshops/yards During Part of railway Included in operation/ Rolling -Stocks maintenance activities and maintenance operation operation and Maintenance cost. • Regular checkup of working platform in locations stage maintenance workshop to avoid any slippage due to costs. grease & oil. • Proper collection, storage and disposal

LIII Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component laws and Location Frame Cost Contract Documents Implementation Supervision of hazardous waste like waste oil and grease , lead acid batteries • Regular assessment of risk s presented by wheelsets  Transport of • Proper screening, acceptance and -do- Throughout the During Part of railway Included in operation/ Dangerous transport of dangerous goods project stretch operation operation and Maintenance cost. Goods conforming to the international standard stage maintenance applicable for packaging, marking and costs. labeling of containers. • Preparation of spill prevention , control and emergency preparedness and responsive plans based on an analysis of hazards, implementation of prevention and control measures. EMP costs are largely part of BOQ except in cases where it is specified.

LIV Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

APPENDIX 5.2 PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING FOREST CLEARANCE

LV Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

APPENDIX 5.3: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN

Environmental Project Stage Parameters Location Frequency Standards Approximate Implementation Supervision Component cost (Rs) Air Quality Construction SPM, RPM, NOx, CO Hot mix plant, concrete mixing plant/stone 24 hourly National 275,000 Contractor RVNL,PMC stage crushers at construction sites (4) sampling once Ambient Air through in four months r quality Independent for standard Environmental construction Laboratories period approved by SPCB/ MoEF Operation SPM, RPM, NOx, CO, SO2 Only at Hirakud Station (near loading 24 hourly National 90,000 Contractor East Coast stage /unloading of coals) sampling , Ambient Air through railways, ( Air monitoring is already being carried out on twice a week, quality Independent RVNL, PMC, regular basis by the industries along the Project for one week, standard Environmental PMC section) once in winter Laboratories and Summer approved by for first year of SPCB/ MoEF operation Water Quality Construction As Water quality standards Drinking water to made available to Thrice every As per IS 75,000 Contractor RVNL, PMC stage year of code 10500 through (IS: 10500) Construction Camps construction Independent period Environmental Laboratories approved by SPCB/ MoEF Operation As Water quality standards Ground water at 2 locations where sampling Thrice every As per IS 90,000 Contractor East Coast stage year for first code 10500 through railways (IS: 10500) has been conducted during IEE and At year of Independent proposed residential colonies (Bargarh, operation Environmental Sambalpur, Balangir and Titlagarh) Laboratories Note: railways PHC department do the regular approved by SPCB/ MoEF drinking water quality test at all stations Siltation in water Construction Construction stage All major Water Bodies Once during As per Part of Contractor RVNL, PMC bodies Stage rainy seasons CWC/WRD routine action through his team of the guidelines of construction engineering period. team

LVI Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Environmental Project Stage Parameters Location Frequency Standards Approximate Implementation Supervision Component cost (Rs) Noise levels Construction As per National Ambient Construction sites and inhabited locations Day and Night National 45,000 Contractor RVNL, PMC stage Noise Standard as per and sensitive areas levels once in Ambient air through Environmental Protection four months quality Independent Act, 1986 amended 2002 Note: Noise level at various locations are for standard with monitoring already being monitored by SPCB and construction respect to agency industries located along the stretch. period Noise Operation As per National Ambient Khosala School km 583.0 and other During the air -do- 30,000 contractor East Coast stage Noise Standard as per residential areas nearby track quality through railways Environmental Protection monitoring approved Act, 1986 amended 2002 period of 1 monitoring year agency Soil Erosion Construction Visual check for Soil River banks, cutting sections especially in After first Visual Checks Part of Contractor RVNL, PMC Stage erosion and siltation unconsolidated soil. precipitation routine action of engineering team Operation Visual check for Soil River banks, cutting sections especially in Once during Visual Checks Part of Engineering East Coast Stage erosion and siltation unconsolidated soil. operation of routine action Team Railways railways 1st year of (Sambalpur engineering Division) team Soil Quality Operation Heavy Metals Hirakud Bargarh and Balangir First year of 15,000 Contractor RVNL,/East stage operation ( through Coast one sample ------Approved Railways each year) monitoring agency Terrestrial fauna Construction Surveillance Audit to Near Forest Areas particularly the Elephant First two years None specific, 100,000 contractor RVNL,PMC stage assess the disturbances to movement corridor of construction as per through forest fauna their expert’s Independent movement assessment Expert about changes if any Operation Up keep of measures Between Khaliapali and Loisinga Stations First years of None specific, 150,000 contractor RVNL/East stage taken for wild life protection operation as per through Coast and movement period. Expert’s Independent Railways assessment expert and visual check about changes if any

LVII Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

Environmental Project Stage Parameters Location Frequency Standards Approximate Implementation Supervision Component cost (Rs) Aquatic fauna Construction Disturbance to aquatic Downstream of Mahanadi River and Once in a year None specific, 175,000 Contractor RVNL, PMC including stage fauna due to increased Hirakud Reservoir backwater as per through fisheries siltation expert’s Independent assessment Expert about changes if any Operation Impact on fish productivity Downstream of Mahanadi River and End of First None specific, 100,000 Contractor East Coast , breeding and spawning Hirakud Reservoir backwater year of as per expert through Railways operation assessment Independent about Expert changes if any Accident and Operation Record of Accidents Throughout the Project Section -Periodic Part of East Coast East Coast Fatality Rate Accounting of Lost Work regular Railways Railways time, different level of operation and disabilities/fatalities. None Specific Maintenance cost

Occupational Construction Monitoring to as per standards of East Coast Railways through its Medical and Safety officers Health and and Operation Safety Tree Plantation Construction Surveillance monitoring of Through out the Project Section During site 300,000 Contractor RVNL, PMC As laid out in Stage trees felling clearance in through the detailed construction Independent design for phase Expert project

Operation Audit for survival rate of Through out the Project Section Once in a year Considering 150,000 Railways stage trees plantation for1 years the 70% Sectional PWIs East Coast survival rate Railways RVNL= Rail Vikash Nigam Ltd., PMC= Project Management Consultant, NOx - Nitrogen Oxide; Pb - Lead; PIU - Project Implementation Unit; RPM - Respirable Particulate Matter; SO2 - Sulphur Dioxide; SPM - Suspended Particulate Matter, RPM - Respirable Particulate Matter

Monitoring Costs: A) Construction Phase: Rs. 970,000 or 0.97 Million B) Operation Phase: Rs. 625000 or 0.625 Million Grand Total (A+B) = Rs 1, 595,000 or Rs 1.595 million

LVIII