Sunflower Moth

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Pest Profile Photo credit: Frank Peairs, Colorado State University, Bugwood.org Common Name: Sunflower Moth Scientific Name: Homoeosoma electellum Order and Family: Lepidoptera: Pyralidae Size and Appearance: Length (mm) Appearance Egg 0.45 mm long, 0.3 mm wide 30 laid per day; hatch within 48-72 hours; found under the head prior to bloom. Larva/Nymph 19 mm long Pale yellow when newly hatched, darkening to purplish or reddish brown with white stripes running the length of the body; head capsule is brown; development takes 15-19 days. Adult 9.7 mm long, 19 mm wingspan Shiny grayish to grayish tan in color; cigar- shaped when at rest. Pupa (if applicable) Occurs in soil Type of feeder (Chewing, sucking, etc.): Larvae: chewing Host plant/s: Feed on developing seeds and heads of sunflowers, coneflowers, zinnia, and other related plants. Description of Damage (larvae and adults): Newly hatched larvae feed on pollen, later developmental stages feed on florets and developing seeds with some seed tunneling in later summer months. As the larvae move across the flower heads they leave trails of fine silk webbing, which collects plant debris and frass. Late stage larvae follow a hanging silken strand to the soil to pupate. Because the Sunflower Moth is both migratory and nocturnal, adults will arrive suddenly, and hide on the underside of leaves during the day. Surveillance is best conducted an hour after sunset when moth activity is high. References: Cranshaw, W. (2004). Chapter Five: Flower, Fruit, and Seed Feeders – Sunflower Moth. In Garden insects of North America: The ultimate guide to backyard bugs. (pp. 254). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Michaud, J.P. (2013). Sunflower Moth. Kansas Crop Pests. Kansas State Research and Extension. https://www.bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/MF3108.pdf National Sunflower Association. (2016). Sunflower Moth. Retrieved from http://www.sunflowernsa.com/growers/insects/sunflower-moth/ .

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Lepidoptera: P5rralidae
HELIA.2O. Nr. 27. a.o. I-8. {1997) UDC 63 I .524.86 :632.7 :633.854.7 8 EVALUATION OF CI,JLTTVATED ST]NTLOWDR GERMPLASM FOR RESISTANCE TO SUNFLOWER MOTH, Homoeosoma. electellum (Lepidoptera: P5rralidae) R. L. Wiison and S. G. McClurq USDA, AgricuLtural Research Seruice, North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station, Ioua State UniDersitA, Ames, IA 5OO11 Receiued: Nouernber 25, 1996 Accepted: Nouember 17. 1997 SUMMARY The sunflower moth, I{omoeosoma electellum (Hulst), is a major pest of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) mainly in the central and southern United States. The sunflower moth is most commonly controlled w"ith pesticides. Resistânt plants would provide an environmentally friendly approach to con- trolling this pest. Evaluation of 680 cultivated sunflower accessions in the U.S. National Plant Germplasm System's sunflower (Flelianthus spp.) collection at the North Central Regional Plant Introduction Stauon, Ames, IA, USA. revealed 51 accessions resistant to sunflower moth feeding. A 1-3-5-7-9 rating scale is presented to compare accessions damaged by the pest. The proceeding evalua- tion data were entered into the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) and made available to researchers worldwide. Key words: Sunflower, Helio,nthus, Homoeosoma electellum, plarfi germplasm, host plant resistance to insects, sunflower moth. INTRODUCTION The United States National Plant Germplasm System's collection of sunflower, Helianthus spp., contains 3,670 accessions of which 1,495 are cultivated (H. clnnllus L.). From l9B5 to 1992, 680 cultivated accessions were evaluated for sun- flower moth, Homoeosoma electellum (Hulst)(Lepidoptera: Pgraltdae), resistance. The procedure used for these evaluations involved placing eggs on sunflower heads and covering with a Delnet@ bag until harvest.
[Show full text]
Wildlife Review Cover Image: Hedgehog by Keith Kirk
Dumfries & Galloway Wildlife Review Cover Image: Hedgehog by Keith Kirk. Keith is a former Dumfries & Galloway Council ranger and now helps to run Nocturnal Wildlife Tours based in Castle Douglas. The tours use a specially prepared night tours vehicle, complete with external mounted thermal camera and internal viewing screens. Each participant also has their own state- of-the-art thermal imaging device to use for the duration of the tour. This allows participants to detect animals as small as rabbits at up to 300 metres away or get close enough to see Badgers and Roe Deer going about their nightly routine without them knowing you’re there. For further information visit www.wildlifetours.co.uk email [email protected] or telephone 07483 131791 Contributing photographers p2 Small White butterfly © Ian Findlay, p4 Colvend coast ©Mark Pollitt, p5 Bittersweet © northeastwildlife.co.uk, Wildflower grassland ©Mark Pollitt, p6 Oblong Woodsia planting © National Trust for Scotland, Oblong Woodsia © Chris Miles, p8 Birdwatching © castigatio/Shutterstock, p9 Hedgehog in grass © northeastwildlife.co.uk, Hedgehog in leaves © Mark Bridger/Shutterstock, Hedgehog dropping © northeastwildlife.co.uk, p10 Cetacean watch at Mull of Galloway © DGERC, p11 Common Carder Bee © Bob Fitzsimmons, p12 Black Grouse confrontation © Sergey Uryadnikov/Shutterstock, p13 Black Grouse male ©Sergey Uryadnikov/Shutterstock, Female Black Grouse in flight © northeastwildlife.co.uk, Common Pipistrelle bat © Steven Farhall/ Shutterstock, p14 White Ermine © Mark Pollitt,
[Show full text]
Sobre Girasol
UNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL MARTA ABREU DE LAS VILLAS FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS DEPARTAMENTO DE AGRONOMÍA Propuesta para la lucha biológica contra Homoeosoma electellum (Hulst) (Lepidoptera; Pyralidae) sobre girasol Tesis presentada en opción al grado científico de Doctor en Ciencias Agrícolas. Autor: Ms. C. Alán Rivero Aragón Tutor: Dr. C. Horacio Grillo Ravelo Santa Clara 2011 UNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL MARTA ABREU DE LAS VILLAS FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS DEPARTAMENTO DE AGRONOMÍA Propuesta para la lucha biológica contra Homoeosoma electellum (Hulst) (Lepidoptera; Pyralidae) sobre girasol Tesis presentada en opción al grado científico de Doctor en Ciencias Agrícolas. Autor: Ms. C. Alán Rivero Aragón Tutor: Dr. C. Horacio Grillo Ravelo Santa Clara 2011 AGRADECIMIENTOS Recordamos agradecidamente a los numerosos revisores que condujeron a la versión final de este trabajo. Agradecemos muy especialmente al Dr. C. Horacio Grillo Ravelo y a la Dra. C. Neida Aragón González; a ambos por el conocimiento trasmitido en los años de trabajo, por su asesoría y ayuda. A los amigos del departamento de Biología de la Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas, apoyos y consejeros cuando fue necesario. A los trabajadores de la Estación Experimental Agrícola “Álvaro Barba” por la ayuda brindada para la realización de los experimentos de campo. SÍNTESIS Se realizaron estudios ecológicos y biológicos de Homoeosoma electellum (Hulst) y su cultivo hospedante, girasol. Se comprobó que, H. electellum produce mayor daño, a los cultivares CGGI-90 y CGGI-611 que a los cultivares Caburé-15 y CIAP JE-94 y que una infestación promedio de una larva por planta genera afectaciones al rendimiento de alrededor de 0,06 t/ha.
[Show full text]
197 Section 9 Sunflower (Helianthus
SECTION 9 SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.) 1. Taxonomy of the Genus Helianthus, Natural Habitat and Origins of the Cultivated Sunflower A. Taxonomy of the genus Helianthus The sunflower belongs to the genus Helianthus in the Composite family (Asterales order), which includes species with very diverse morphologies (herbs, shrubs, lianas, etc.). The genus Helianthus belongs to the Heliantheae tribe. This includes approximately 50 species originating in North and Central America. The basis for the botanical classification of the genus Helianthus was proposed by Heiser et al. (1969) and refined subsequently using new phenological, cladistic and biosystematic methods, (Robinson, 1979; Anashchenko, 1974, 1979; Schilling and Heiser, 1981) or molecular markers (Sossey-Alaoui et al., 1998). This approach splits Helianthus into four sections: Helianthus, Agrestes, Ciliares and Atrorubens. This classification is set out in Table 1.18. Section Helianthus This section comprises 12 species, including H. annuus, the cultivated sunflower. These species, which are diploid (2n = 34), are interfertile and annual in almost all cases. For the majority, the natural distribution is central and western North America. They are generally well adapted to dry or even arid areas and sandy soils. The widespread H. annuus L. species includes (Heiser et al., 1969) plants cultivated for seed or fodder referred to as H. annuus var. macrocarpus (D.C), or cultivated for ornament (H. annuus subsp. annuus), and uncultivated wild and weedy plants (H. annuus subsp. lenticularis, H. annuus subsp. Texanus, etc.). Leaves of these species are usually alternate, ovoid and with a long petiole. Flower heads, or capitula, consist of tubular and ligulate florets, which may be deep purple, red or yellow.
[Show full text]
The Taxonomy of the Side Species Group of Spilochalcis (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) in America North of Mexico with Biological Notes on a Representative Species
University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014 1984 The taxonomy of the side species group of Spilochalcis (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) in America north of Mexico with biological notes on a representative species. Gary James Couch University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses Couch, Gary James, "The taxonomy of the side species group of Spilochalcis (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) in America north of Mexico with biological notes on a representative species." (1984). Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014. 3045. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/3045 This thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014 by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE TAXONOMY OF THE SIDE SPECIES GROUP OF SPILOCHALCIS (HYMENOPTERA:CHALCIDIDAE) IN AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO WITH BIOLOGICAL NOTES ON A REPRESENTATIVE SPECIES. A Thesis Presented By GARY JAMES COUCH Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE May 1984 Department of Entomology THE TAXONOMY OF THE SIDE SPECIES GROUP OF SPILOCHALCIS (HYMENOPTERA:CHALCIDIDAE) IN AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO WITH BIOLOGICAL NOTES ON A REPRESENTATIVE SPECIES. A Thesis Presented By GARY JAMES COUCH Approved as to style and content by: Dr. T/M. Peter's, Chairperson of Committee CJZl- Dr. C-M. Yin, Membe D#. J.S. El kin ton, Member ii Dedication To: My mother who taught me that dreams are only worth the time and effort you devote to attaining them and my father for the values to base them on.
[Show full text]
The Pennsylvania State University
The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School PLANTS AS ILLEGITIMATE RECEIVERS OF INSECT SIGNALS: INSIGHT FROM MAIZE AND TEOSINTE A Thesis in Entomology by Julianne Golinski © 2020 Julianne Golinski Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science August 2020 ii The thesis of Julianne Golinski was reviewed and approved by the following: John F. Tooker Professor of Entomology and Extension Specialist Thesis Advisor Jared G. Ali Assistant Professor of Entomology Ben McGraw Associate Professor of Turfgrass Science Gary W. Felton Professor of Entomology Head of Department of Entomology iii ABSTRACT Plants have evolved to be sensitive to a range of insect-associated cues to detect the presence of herbivorous species and mount effective defense responses against future attack. Insect pheromones have recently been added to this library of cues as some plant species can act as “illegitimate receivers” that eavesdrop on the pheromones of insect herbivores, which act as reliable indicators of future larval damage. My thesis begins with a review that explores the perceptive capabilities of plants and how the ability to eavesdrop on insect pheromone cues may have evolved. I also cover the three known examples of plant illegitimate receivers and use shared traits in these systems to build criteria for finding other host plant species that may also utilize this strategy; native host plants species with (1) native, co-evolved insect herbivore species (2) that release abundant amounts of chemicals on or near the host plant, and (3) substantially reduce host plant fitness. My second chapter highlights two agriculturally relevant plant species that fit the criteria, maize (Zea mays ssp.
[Show full text]
Evaluation of Host Plant Resistance Against Sunflower Moth, <I
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Dissertations and Student Research in Entomology Entomology, Department of 8-2017 Evaluation of host plant resistance against sunflower moth, Homoeosoma electellum (Hulst), in cultivated sunflower in western Nebraska Dawn M. Sikora University of Nebraska - Lincoln Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/entomologydiss Part of the Entomology Commons Sikora, Dawn M., "Evaluation of host plant resistance against sunflower moth, Homoeosoma electellum (Hulst), in cultivated sunflower in western Nebraska" (2017). Dissertations and Student Research in Entomology. 50. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/entomologydiss/50 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Entomology, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Student Research in Entomology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Evaluation of host plant resistance against sunflower moth, Homoeosoma electellum (Hulst), in cultivated sunflower in western Nebraska by Dawn Sikora A THESIS Presented to the Faculty of The Graduate College at the University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For the Degree of Master of Science Major: Entomology Under the Supervision of Professors Jeff Bradshaw and Gary Brewer Lincoln, Nebraska August, 2017 Evaluation of host plant resistance against sunflower moth, Homoeosoma electellum (Hulst), in cultivated sunflower in western Nebraska Dawn Sikora, M.S. University of Nebraska, 2017 Advisors: Jeff Bradshaw and Gary Brewer Sunflower moth, Homoeosoma electellum, is a serious pest of oilseed and confection sunflowers. In this study, we determine efficacy of resistance against this pest. Thirty commercial hybrids, inbreds, and varieties of sunflowers were tested in replicated field and laboratory studies.
[Show full text]
Criteria for the Selection of Local Wildlife Sites in Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire
Criteria for the Selection of Local Wildlife Sites in Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire Version Date Authors Notes 4.0 January 2009 MHa, MCH, PB, MD, AMcV Edits and updates from wider consultation group 5.0 May 2009 MHa, MCH, PB, MD, AMcV, GDB, RM Additional edits and corrections 6.0 November 2009 Mha, GH, AF, GDB, RM Additional edits and corrections This document was prepared by Buckinghamshire and Milton Keynes Environmental Records Centre (BMERC) and Thames Valley Environmental Records Centre (TVERC) and commissioned by the Oxfordshire and Berkshire Local Authorities and by Buckinghamshire County Council Contents 1.0 Introduction..............................................................................................4 2.0 Selection Criteria for Local Wildlife Sites .....................................................6 3.0 Where does a Local Wildlife Site start and finish? Drawing the line............. 17 4.0 UKBAP Habitat descriptions ………………………………………………………………….19 4.1 Lowland Calcareous Grassland………………………………………………………… 20 4.2 Lowland Dry Acid Grassland................................................................ 23 4.3 Lowland Meadows.............................................................................. 26 4.4 Lowland heathland............................................................................. 29 4.5 Eutrophic Standing Water ................................................................... 32 4.6. Mesotrophic Lakes ............................................................................ 35 4.7
[Show full text]
1089 Willamette Falls Drive, West Linn, OR 97068 | Tel: +1 (503) 342 - 8611 | Fax: +1 (314) 271-7297 [email protected] | |
2019 1089 Willamette Falls Drive, West Linn, OR 97068 | tel: +1 (503) 342 - 8611 | fax: +1 (314) 271-7297 [email protected] | www.alphascents.com | Our Story The story of Alpha Scents, Inc. begins with president and founder, Dr. Darek Czokajlo. When speaking about entomolo- gy, he will laugh and say the interest began “in the womb.” Driven by his passion for science and technology, he strives for eco- nomic security, which can be largely attributed to his upbringing in communist Poland. How do you become economically stable according to Darek? By building a company that is customer focused: embracing honesty, respect, trust and support, the rest are details. When discussing what characteristics Alpha Scents, Inc. reflects, it’s clear that the vision for the company is shaped by a desire to be loyal to all stakeholders, including customers, vendors, and his employees. Since childhood, Darek was involved with biology clubs and interest groups, fueling his passion for the sciences and leading him to study forestry and entomology during his undergraduate and master’s studies. In 1985 he started studying and experimenting with insect traps, in particular bark beetle traps baited with ethanol lures. This is how Darek started honing his speciali- zation and began asking the intriguing question of, “How could we use scents to manage insects?” In 1989, right before the fall of Communism, Darek emi- grated to Canada and in 1993 started his PhD program in the field of Insect Chemical Ecology in Syracuse, New York. After his graduation in 1998, one of his professors recommended Darek to a company in Portland, Oregon.
[Show full text]
Capitate Glandular Trichomes Fail to Provide Significant Resistance To
Environmental Entomology, 49(2), 2020, 444–448 doi: 10.1093/ee/nvaa002 Advance Access Publication Date: 21 January 2020 Pest Management Research Capitate Glandular Trichomes Fail to Provide Significant Resistance to Banded Sunflower Moth (Lepidoptera: Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/ee/article-abstract/49/2/444/5713222 by North Dakota State University user on 16 April 2020 Tortricidae) Jarrad R. Prasifka1, and Brent S. Hulke 1USDA-ARS, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, 1616 Albrecht Boulevard North, Fargo, ND 58102 and 1Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] Subject Editor: Angel Acebes-Doria Received 24 September 2019; Editorial decision 28 December 2019 Abstract Extracts from capitate glandular trichomes (CGT) of wild and cultivated sunflowers,Helianthus spp., have repellent or toxic effects on sunflower specialists and generalist herbivores less closely associated with sunflower. Though CGT have been primarily examined for their potential to provide partial resistance to the sunflower moth, Homoeosoma electellum Hulst (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), a floret- and seed-feeding pest, the banded sunflower moth (Cochylis hospes Walsingham [Lepidoptera: Tortricidae]) is a similar species more common in the primary sunflower-producing states of North Dakota and South Dakota. Replicated field trials using partially inbred lines with low or high CGT densities were used to evaluate possible reductions to seed damage by C. hospes larvae in 2016–2017. Results failed to support the idea that CGT are a useful defense against larvae of C. hospes; the putative plant defense of high trichome density corresponded to slightly more, rather than less, insect damage. A test of a secondary explanation, that strength of sunflower hulls could help determine patterns of seed damage among tested lines, produced similarly negative results.
[Show full text]
Sunflower Production
A-1331 (EB-25 Revised) SSunflunfl oowerwer PProductionroduction SEPTEMBER 2007 2 Foreword The fi rst edition of “Sunfl ower Production and Mar- unless otherwise specifi ed. This publication con- keting Extension Bulletin 25” was published in 1975. tains certain recommendations for pesticides that This publication provided general information for are labeled ONLY for North Dakota. The users of growers, seedsmen, processors, marketing agencies any pesticide designated for a state label must have and Extension personnel. Revised editions followed in a copy of the state label in their possession at the 1978, 1985 and 1994. Interest and knowledge about time of application. State labels can be obtained sunfl ower production and marketing in the U.S. has from agricultural chemical dealers or distributors. increased greatly in the past 30 years. Marketing and USE PESTICIDES ONLY AS LABELED. processing channels have stabilized and have become fairly familiar to growers since 1985, but pest prob- lems have shifted and new research information has Acknowledgements become available to assist in production decisions. The editor is indebted to the contributors for writing This publication is a revision of the “Sunfl ower Pro- sections of this publication. The editor also appreci- duction and Marketing Bulletin” published in 1994. ates the efforts made by previous contributors, as The purpose is to update information and provide a these previous sections often were the starting point production and pest management guide for sunfl ower for current sections. growers. This revised publication is directed primarily to the commercial production of sunfl ower, not to mar- keting and processing. It will attempt to give specifi c guidelines and recommendations on production prac- tices, pest identifi cation and pest management, based on current information.
[Show full text]
Assessing the Efficiency of Protected Areas to Represent Biodiversity
Environmental Conservation (2016) 43 (4): 337–349 C Foundation for Environmental Conservation 2016 doi:10.1017/S037689291600014X Assessing the efﬁciency of protected areas to represent biodiversity: a small island case study MARTA VERGÍLIO1 ∗, CATARINA FONSECA1 , HELENA CALADO1 , PAULO A.V. BORGES2 , RUI BENTO ELIAS3 , ROSALINA GABRIEL2 , ANTÓNIO MARTINS1 , EDUARDO AZEVEDO4 AND PEDRO CARDOSO2,5 1CIBIO – Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources/InBIO – Associate Laboratory, University of the Azores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, 13-A, Ponta Delgada 9501–801, Portugal, 2cE3c – Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Acores¸ – Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Rua CapitaoJoã od’Ã vila,́ Saõ Pedro, 9700-042 Angra do Heroismo,́ Terceira, Azores, Portugal, 3cE3c – Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Acores¸ – Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, Rua CapitaoJoã od’Ã vila,́ Saõ Pedro, 9700-042 Angra do Heroismo,́ Terceira, Azores, Portugal, 4Center of Climate, Meteorology and Global Change of the University of the Azores (CCMMG-CITA-A) – Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade dos Acores,¸ Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal and 5Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 17, 00014 Helsinki, Finland Date submitted: 30 July 2015; Date accepted: 23 April 2016; First published online 6 June 2016 SUMMARY Keywords: conservation targets, genetic algorithms, protected areas, small
[Show full text]