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An Evaluation of Good Governance and Service Delivery At AN EVALUATION OF GOOD GOVERNANCE AND SERVICE DELIVERY AT SUB-NATIONAL LEVELS IN NAMIBIA: THE CASE OF THE OSHANA REGION by Tuhafeni Helao Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Public Administration at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA Supervisor: Professor Goonasagree Naidoo February, 2015 © University of South Africa, 2015 DEDICATION To my late grandmother ‘Susana Mhingana Iiyambo’, you made me who I am today i © University of South Africa, 2015 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Whilst I take full responsibility of whatever has been presented and discussed in this thesis, I am thoughtfully aware that it could not have been completed in its entirety in the absence of undivided cooperation and assistance from a number of people who provided moral support, encouragement, expertise and experience, views , opinions and valuable time. Firstly, I wholeheartedly wish to acknowledge the unwavering support from my family particularly my children. Every day I see my children serves as a reminder and encouragement for me to work tirelessly and meticulously to successfully complete this thesis. I am quite sure that they will take a lesson from this ‘milestone’ accomplishment in order to shape their own future. Secondly, I am very much indebted and thankful to my visionary promoter and supervisor; Professor Goonasagree Naidoo, whose expertise, intellectual and professional approach and guidance have been a firm pillar in helping me throughout my thesis writing. Without her guidance, patience, tolerance and understanding it could have been difficult for me to successfully complete this thesis. I hold high esteem for you Professor. Finally, I would like to thank all those who have participated in this study in one way or the other by motivated, stirred and encouraged me, and shared some invaluable ideas with me. My appreciations also go to public officials in the Oshana Region. Your views, opinions and experiences have indeed made this thesis a reality. In the same vein, I acknowledge with thanks the participation by ordinary community members in respective constituencies in the Oshana Region. Your contributions made it possible for me to finalise this thesis. Thank you very much. ii © University of South Africa, 2015 DECLARATION I declare that “An Evaluation of Good Governance and Service Delivery at Sub-National Levels in Namibia: The Case of the Oshana Region” is my own work and that all the sources that I have used or quoted have been indicated and acknowledged by means of complete references. ………………... Tuhafeni Helao February 2015 iii © University of South Africa, 2015 KEY WORDS Decentralisation Democracy Effectiveness Efficiency Good governance Oshana Region Public participation Public sector governance Public officials Service delivery iv © University of South Africa, 2015 ABRREVIATIONS ACC Anti-Corruption Commission AGGN African Good Governance Network ALAN Association of Local Authority in Namibia CBOs Community-Based Organisations CDC Constituency Development Committee CDF Constituency Development Fund CENORED Central Northern Electricity Distributors CEO Chief Executive Officer Cos Community Organisations CRO Chief Regional Officer UNDESA United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs ECA Economic Commission for Africa ECB Electricity Control Board ETSIP Education and Training Sector Improvement Performance HIV/AIDS Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ICT Information Communication Technology IFA International Federation for Accountants IMF International Monetary Fund MAWF Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Forestry MCA Millennium Challenge Account MDGs Millennium Development Goals MGECW Ministry of Gender equality and Child Welfare MLSW Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare MMDP Middle Management Development Programme MMDP-RLG Middle Management Development Programme for Regional and Local Government v © University of South Africa, 2015 MME Ministry of Mines and Energy MoHSS Ministry of Health and Social Services MRLGHRD Ministry of Regional and local Government, Housing and Rural Development MTEF Medium Term Expenditure Framework NAMCOR National Petroleum Corporation of Namibia NAMPOWER Namibia’s National Power Utility NAMWATER Namibia Water Corporation NDP’s National Development Plans NEPAD New Partnership for African Development NGOs Non-Governmental Organisations NHAG Namibia Housing Action Group NHE National Housing Enterprise NHIES National Housing Income and Expenditure Survey NIPAM Namibia Institute of Public Administration and Management NORED Northern Electricity Distributors NPC National Planning Commission OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development OVC Orphans and Vulnerable Children PETS Public Expenditure Tracking System POSDCORB Planning, Organising, Staffing, Directing, Coordination, Reporting and Budgeting PPP Public-Private Partnership PSC Public Service Commission RDCC Regional Development Coordination Committee RED Regional Electricity Distributors SADC Southern Africa Development Community SDFN Shack Dwellers Federation of Namibia vi © University of South Africa, 2015 SMDP Senior Management Development Programme SWAPO South West Africa People Organisation TIPEEG Targeted Intervention Programme for Employment and Economic Growth UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNECE United Nations Economic Commission for Europe UNISA University of South Africa vii © University of South Africa, 2015 ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to evaluate and examine governance structures and practices and service delivery to provide comprehensive understanding of governance and service delivery situation at sub-national levels in Namibia. Public service agencies are presumed to lack good governance practices which adversely affect service delivery. It was argued that good governance practices improve public service performance and ultimately enhances service delivery. Furthermore, the study noted that the delivery of basic services such as potable water, health, education, electricity and proper road communication can augment the living standard of the people. Various public service reforms undertaken by the Government of Republic of Namibia since independence in 1990 explain government’s resolve to good governance and improved service delivery. Consequently, workable relationship between government and citizens is needed to realise national development plans and Vision 2030. The study used the Oshana Region case study in order to determine whether governance practices have bearing on service delivery at sub-national levels in Namibia. Qualitative research approach was utilised and qualitative data were collected in addition to rigorous literature review and analysis. Scientifically, gathered information suggested that good governance practices are certainly fundamental to service delivery and subsequently improve people’s living standard particularly those residing in rural areas. The study found that the Namibian government exercised good governance practices and provided basic services to citizens. Nonetheless, inappropriate governance practices by some public institutions delay service delivery. The study concluded that while poor governance and ineffective service delivery are considerable challenges faced by public service, they are not insurmountable. The thesis acknowledged a significant progress made by creating governance structures at sub-national levels to provide and accelerate the delivery of essential services to citizens in Namibia. Notwithstanding the above, more still need to be done to improve the socio-economic welfare of Namibian people. Therefore, the research recommended that the Government of Republic of Namibia ought to provide sufficient resources and promote public participation to address the needs and aspirations of the citizens particularly the previously marginalised people in rural areas. Moreover, sub-national governance structures should be strengthened and essential government functions and services be devolved. viii © University of South Africa, 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS Dedication i Acknowledgement ii Declaration iii Key concepts and phenomena iv Abbreviations v Abstract viii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 1.1 General Overview of the Study 1 1.2 Background to the Study and the Context of Governance in Namibia 2 1.3 Motivation for the Research 13 1.4 Problem Statement 15 1.5 Research Question 25 1.6 Objectives of the Research 26 1.7 Definition of Key Concepts and Phenomena 26 1.8 Chapter Outline 37 1.9 Summary 40 CHAPTER 2: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 2.1 Introduction 41 2.2 Research Design 42 2.3 Oshana Region Case Study Approach 50 2.4 Target Research Population and Sampling 54 2.5 Data and Information Collection 61 2.6 Data Analysis, Validation and Reporting 67 2.7 Scope and Limitations to the Study 73 2.8 Significance of the Study 76 2.9 Summary 78 ix © University of South Africa, 2015 CHAPTER 3: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, GOOD GOVERNANCE AND SERVICE DELIVERY 3.1 Introduction 79 3.2 Public Administration, Governance and Service Delivery 81 3.3 Relationship Between Public Administration, Governance and Service Delivery 96 3.4 The Mercy Corps Governance Framework Model 103 3.5 Proposed Good Governance Practices Model for the Public Service of Namibia 108 3.6 The Context of Governance and Service Delivery in Namibia 115 3.7 Development of Public Administration, Governance and Service Delivery Within the Namibian Context 116 3.7.1 The Namibian Constitution
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