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Classification of the Plant Communities of Hagerman Fossil Beds National Monument, Idaho

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National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Program Center Classification of the Plant Communities of Hagerman Fossil Beds National Monument, Idaho Natural Resources Report NPS/UCBN/NRTR – 2008/097 ON THE COVER Images of Hagerman Fossil Beds National Monument (clockwise): view southwest toward the monument; Wyoming big sagebrush shrub-steppe; open riparian shrubland; dry Indian ricegrass vegetation. Photograph by: Northwest Management, Inc. Classification of the Plant Communities of Hagerman Fossil Beds National Monument, Idaho Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/UCBN/NRTR — 2008/097 Idaho Conservation Data Center Idaho Department of Fish and Game Boise, Idaho October 2008 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Inventory and Monitoring Program Upper Columbia Basin Network Moscow, Idaho The Natural Resource Publication series addresses natural resource topics that are of interest and applicability to a broad readership in the National Park Service and to others in the management of natural resources, including the scientific community, the public, and the NPS conservation and environmental constituencies. Manuscripts are peer-reviewed to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and is designed and published in a professional manner. Natural Resource Reports are the designated medium for disseminating high priority, current natural resource management information with managerial application. The series targets a general, diverse audience, and may contain NPS policy considerations or address sensitive issues of management applicability. Examples of the diverse array of reports published in this series include vital signs monitoring plans; "how to" resource management papers; proceedings of resource management workshops or conferences; annual reports of resource programs or divisions of the Natural Resource Program Center; resource action plans; fact sheets; and regularly-published newsletters. The Natural Resource Technical Reports series is used to disseminate the peer-reviewed results of scientific studies in the physical, biological, and social sciences for both the advancement of science and the achievement of the National Park Service's mission. The reports provide contributors with a forum for displaying comprehensive data that are often deleted from journals because of page limitations. Current examples of such reports include the results of research that addresses natural resource management issues; natural resource inventory and monitoring activities; resource assessment reports; scientific literature reviews; and peer reviewed proceedings of technical workshops, conferences, or symposia. Views and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect policies of the National Park Service. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the National Park Service. Printed copies of reports in these series may be produced in a limited quantity and they are only available as long as the supply lasts. This report is also available from the Natural Resource Publications Management Web site (http://www.nature.nps.gov/publications/NRPM) on the Internet, or by sending a request to the address on the back cover. Please cite this publication as: Idaho Conservation Data Center. 2008. Classification of the Plant Communities of Hagerman Fossil Beds National Monument, Idaho. Natural Resource Technical Report, NPS/UCBN/NRTR – 2008/097. National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado. NPS D-41, October 2008 Table of Contents Page Figures..............................................................................................................................................v Tables ............................................................................................................................................ vii Appendixes .................................................................................................................................... ix Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... xi Introduction ......................................................................................................................................1 Study Area .......................................................................................................................................3 Methods............................................................................................................................................5 Results ..............................................................................................................................................7 The Classification of Plant Communities ............................................................................7 Dichotomous Key to the Classification .............................................................................10 Use of the Key .......................................................................................................10 Key to Lifeform Groups .........................................................................................10 Literature Cited ..............................................................................................................................13 iii Figures Page Figure 1. The Hagerman Fossil Beds National Monument (HAFO) in relation to major geographical features. .........................................................................................................4 v Tables Page Table 1. Plant Community Classification. Plant associations observed at Hagerman Fossil Beds National Monument are listed alphabetically by National Vegetation Classification class with scientific name (Plant Community), common name, field code (Code), element code (Elcode), the total number of observations (Obs.), and stands sampled (N). .......................................................................................................8 vii Appendixes Page Appendix A. Summary of pertinent classification literature. Local and regional literature regarding the classification of vegetation found within Hagerman Fossil Beds National Monument is listed alphabetically by plant association within physiognomic class. .......................................................................................................................19 Appendix B. Species composition of plant associations sampled on four or more plots and organized alphabetically by physiognomic class: Part A: Woodlands; Part B: Shrublands; and Part C: Herbaceous Vegetation. ..............................................................21 ix Abstract Work on the vegetation map for Hagerman Fossil Beds National Monument and Preserve was initiated in May 2006. Hagerman Fossil Beds National Monument lies on the Lower Snake River Plain in south-central Idaho. The study area encompasses a 1,760 ha (4,350 ac) area extending from the west shore of the Snake River to the breaks of the Bruneau Plateau. The geographic setting is characterized by deep, Cenozoic flow basalt scoured and partially overlain by massive Quaternary deposits of lacustrine sand and gravel resulting from the Bonneville Flood. Initial plant community groups were identified using hierarchical cluster analysis. Plant community groups were successively partitioned to optimize within-group homogeneity, between-group difference, and the number of groups using indicator species analysis and multi-response permutation procedures. Decisions regarding the identification of plant associations within the data were informed by cross-walking candidate community groupings to the National Vegetation Classification. Classification and regression tree analysis (recursive partitioning) was employed in the development of dichotomous keys and the evaluation of cluster analysis results. Thirty- four plant communities are identified as occurring within the study area. Nearly 30% of the associations identified within the Monument are currently listed in the National Vegetation Classification. Associations described but not recognized by the National Vegetation Classification include: (1) semi-natural vegetation (19 associations) and (2) plant communities (5 associations) that have not been described previously at the association level. Plant associations that should be considered for inclusion in the National Vegetation Classification are listed. A dichotomous key to the classification is presented. Summaries of stand composition are provided. xi Introduction The National Park Service Inventory and Monitoring Program Upper Columbia Basin Network (UCBN) is working in conjunction with the Service’s Vegetation Mapping Program to complete vegetation maps for each of the national park units within the network. The National Park Service vegetation mapping protocol consists of the following major phases: preliminary collection and review of existing information; field data collection, management and analysis; photo-interpretation and mapping; map validation; and accuracy assessment (The Nature Conservancy and Environmental Systems Research Institute 1994a). Work on the vegetation map for Hagerman Fossil Beds National Monument was initiated in May 2006. Field methods employed in 2006 were identical to Northwest Management Inc. (2006). The objective of this document is to report
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