DOCSLIB.ORG

Pre-Dispersal Seed Predation by Weevils (Curculio Spp.): the Role of Host-Specificity, Resource Availability and Environmental Factors

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Pre-Dispersal Seed Predation by Weevils (Curculio Spp.): the Role of Host-Specificity, Resource Availability and Environmental Factors Pre-dispersal seed predation by weevils (Curculio spp.): The role of host-specificity, resource availability and environmental factors Harold Arias-LeClaire Aquesta tesi doctoral està subjecta a la llicència Reconeixement- NoComercial – CompartirIgual 4.0. Espanya de Creative Commons. Esta tesis doctoral está sujeta a la licencia Reconocimiento - NoComercial – CompartirIgual 4.0. España de Creative Commons. This doctoral thesis is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- ShareAlike 4.0. Spain License. Pre-dispersal seed predation by weevils (Curculio spp.) The role of host-specificity, resource availability and environmental factors HAROLD ARIAS-LECLAIRE Barcelona, 2018 Pre-dispersal seed predation by weevils (Curculio spp.): The role of host-specificity, resource availability and environmental factors This page intentionally left blank Pre-dispersal seed predation by weevils (Curculio spp.): The role of host-specificity, resource availability and environmental factors Harold Arias-LeClaire Barcelona, 2018 This page intentionally left blank Pre-dispersal seed predation by weevils (Curculio spp.): The role of host-specificity, resource availability and environmental factors Harold Arias-LeClaire Thesis to be eligible for the Doctor degree and submitted in fulfillment of the requirements of Academic Doctoral program in Biodiversity with the supervision and approval of Dr. Josep Maria Espelta Morral Dr. Raúl Bonal Andrés Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona, 2018 This page intentionally left blank Facultat de Biologia Department de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals Pre-dispersal seed predation by weevils (Curculio spp.): The role of host-specificity, resource availability and environmental factors Research memory presented by Harold Arias-LeClaire for the degree of Doctor at the Universitat de Barcelona Biodiversity Program with the approval of Dr. Josep Maria Espelta Morral and Dr. Raúl Bonal Andrés thesis advisors and Dr. Santiago Sabaté Jorba supervisor Harold Arias-LeClaire Doctoral student Dr. Josep Maria Espelta Morral Thesis advisor Researcher at Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals Dr. Raúl Bonal Andrés Thesis advisor Researcher at Departamento Ingeniería Medio Agronómico y Forestal Universidad de Extremadura Dr. Santiago Sabaté Jorba Thesis supervisor Researcher at Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona, 2018 This page intentionally left blank Arias-LeClaire, Harold (2018). Pre-dispersal seed predation by weevils (Curculio spp.): The role of host-specificity, resource availability and environmental factors Doctoral thesis. Academic Doctoral program in Biodiversity conducted under the emphasis in Biodiversity conservation and management. Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya. Key words: Corylus avellana, Granivory, Mediterranean oak forests, plant–animal interactions, Quercus spp., rainfall stochasticity, resource pulses. This thesis has been conducted in the Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals CREAF, UAB Campus de Bellaterra, Barcelona) with the support of NOVFORESTS project and scholarship as work permit by Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED, Mercedes de Montes de Oca, Costa Rica). This page intentionally left blank Acknowledgment “La Vita è Bella” I place on record, my sincere thanks you to my advisors Dr. Espelta - Tete and Dr. Bonal - Raul, I take this opportunity to express my genuine gratitude for their invaluable help, outstanding patience, and encouragement. I am thankful and indebted to them for sharing remarkable expertise and valuable direction. Their advice and guidance helped me in my research and writing of this thesis. Also, my thanks to Dr. Santiago Sabaté for his instruction and work as supervisor. Thanks to Marcos, Enrique, and Alberto for all their work as coauthors and friendship shared. I wish to express my thanks to CREAF for providing me access to the laboratory and research facilities. My sincere thanks also go to the projects NOVFORESTS (CGL2012-33398) and BEEMed (014 SGR 913430), particularly to Dr. Joan Pino and the research group, without this support it would not have been possible to conduct this research. Thanks to Marta and Magda for all their help. I thank all the fellows in the lab and field mates, Pau, Iraima, Marina, Guille, Ana, David and Helena for the discussions and for the shared work. My sincere thanks also to Daniel García, partner in field campaigns, coauthor and very good friend. Also, I thank the Biology Faculty (UB) professors for their helpful and inspiring support, Dra. Mª Jose Lopez, Dr. Pedro Moral, Dr. Gustavo Llorente and Dra. Emilia Gutierrez. I place on record, my sense of gratitude to all, who directly or indirectly, have lent their hand in this venture. To Dra. Dolors Vinyoles thank you very much for the support and encouragement in the final stage. I must express my very profound and heartfelt gratitude to my family for supporting me throughout writing this thesis and my life in general. My sincere thanks to my brother Edgar for the valuable grammatical revision in the final versions of this thesis. Particularly I am deeply grateful to my wife Nancy, supportive partner in this journey as always on so many ventures we have gone through side by side. She is a lighthouse in my life, thank you for providing me with unfailing support and continuous encouragement throughout these years and through the process of researching and writing this thesis. This accomplishment would not have been possible without you. I also thank my Mother and Stepfather for their unceasing help, advice and supporting me spiritually, as well thanks to my Parents in law for constant encouragement and attention. Thank you, God, for blessing me with what is necessary to complete my Doctoral study! And finally, last but by no means least, I would like to dedicate this thesis to my kids Oriana, Daniel, David, Josué and Joel but specially on behalf of the loving memory of my brother and my father. Adrián and Papa, I deeply wish you were here to share with you this achievement. Sincerely “gracias totales” HAL …Live long and prosper! Table of contents Summary 1 Resumen 2 Chapter I. General introduction 3 Research objectives 13 General introduction references 15 Directors reports Impact factor of published articles 21 Contribution of the doctorate in the published articles 22 Published Research Articles Chapter II. The role of seed size, phenology, oogenesis and host 25 distribution in the specificity and genetic structure in seed weevils (Curculio spp.) in mixed forests. Chapter III. Beyond predator satiation: Masting but also the effects of 43 rainfall stochasticity on weevils drive acorn predation. Chapter IV. General discussion 59 General conclusions 69 General discussion references 71 Epilogue 77 This page intentionally left blank Summary Pre-dispersal seed predation (PDSP, hereafter) significantly reduces plant reproductive output. The negative effects on plant fitness have triggered the development of different strategies to protect the seeds and/or reduce the impact of PDSP. These strategies, in turn, have promoted insect trophic specialization by means of morphological, physiological and behavioral adaptations. The close relationship between specialist insects and their host plants conditions insect community assemblage and population dynamics. Specialization would favour multi-species co-occurrence according to the Competitive Exclusion Principle, as different species cannot use the same limited resources. At the same time, specificity makes these species strongly dependent on a particular trophic resource, so that host plant population dynamics may lead to bottom-up forces influencing insect numbers. In this Thesis, I have studied the consequences of trophic specialization on species assemblage and demography in the most prevalent pre-dispersal predators of oak Quercus spp., chestnuts Castanea sativa and hazelnut Corylus avellana seeds, namely the weevils of the genus Curculio (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Using DNA barcoding I could identify larvae infesting the seeds to the species level and hence assess resource partitioning among Curculio spp. in oak-hazelnut mixed forests. These forests were distributed along a latitudinal gradient in which the degree of overlap in the timing of seeding between the two species differed. The results showed that there was a strict host-based segregation, as the species found in hazelnuts was never recorded on oak acorns and vice versa. Contrary to other studies, segregation of seed parasites was not driven by seed size, as the seeds of both plants were large enough to host the larvae of any species. Rather, co-existence was more likely modulated by the combination of time partitioning, and probably by dissimilarities in dispersal- dormancy strategies among weevils. The timing of oogenesis differs among Curculio spp. and does the timing of seeding between oaks and hazelnuts. Early maturing hazelnuts are thus exploited only by Curculio nucum, as its eggs mature earlier too. Such specialization on a patchily distributed host plant conditioned its population genetics, as gene-flow between populations showed restrictions undetected in the other Curculio spp. that fed on the widespread oaks. Regarding the bottom-up effects of food availability on insect numbers we assessed that, as expected, irregular seed crops (masting) conditions weevil population dynamics
Load more

Recommended publications
  • CHESTNUT (CASTANEA Spp.) CULTIVAR EVALUATION for COMMERCIAL CHESTNUT PRODUCTION
    CHESTNUT (CASTANEA spp.) CULTIVAR EVALUATION FOR COMMERCIAL CHESTNUT PRODUCTION IN HAMILTON COUNTY, TENNESSEE By Ana Maria Metaxas Approved: James Hill Craddock Jennifer Boyd Professor of Biological Sciences Assistant Professor of Biological and Environmental Sciences (Director of Thesis) (Committee Member) Gregory Reighard Jeffery Elwell Professor of Horticulture Dean, College of Arts and Sciences (Committee Member) A. Jerald Ainsworth Dean of the Graduate School CHESTNUT (CASTANEA spp.) CULTIVAR EVALUATION FOR COMMERCIAL CHESTNUT PRODUCTION IN HAMILTON COUNTY, TENNESSEE by Ana Maria Metaxas A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Environmental Science May 2013 ii ABSTRACT Chestnut cultivars were evaluated for their commercial applicability under the environmental conditions in Hamilton County, TN at 35°13ꞌ 45ꞌꞌ N 85° 00ꞌ 03.97ꞌꞌ W elevation 230 meters. In 2003 and 2004, 534 trees were planted, representing 64 different cultivars, varieties, and species. Twenty trees from each of 20 different cultivars were planted as five-tree plots in a randomized complete block design in four blocks of 100 trees each, amounting to 400 trees. The remaining 44 chestnut cultivars, varieties, and species served as a germplasm collection. These were planted in guard rows surrounding the four blocks in completely randomized, single-tree plots. In the analysis, we investigated our collection predominantly with the aim to: 1) discover the degree of acclimation of grower- recommended cultivars to southeastern Tennessee climatic conditions and 2) ascertain the cultivars’ ability to survive in the area with Cryphonectria parasitica and other chestnut diseases and pests present.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of Forest Pests and Diseases in Protected Areas of Georgia Final Report
    Assessment of Forest Pests and Diseases in Protected Areas of Georgia Final report Dr. Iryna Matsiakh Tbilisi 2014 This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Union. The content, findings, interpretations, and conclusions of this publication are the sole responsibility of the FLEG II (ENPI East) Programme Team (www.enpi-fleg.org) and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union. The views expressed do not necessarily reflect those of the Implementing Organizations. CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES ............................................................................................................................. 3 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ...................................................................................................................... 6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................................................................. 7 Background information ...................................................................................................................................... 7 Literature review ...................................................................................................................................................... 7 Methodology ................................................................................................................................................................. 8 Results and Discussion ..........................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Nematodes and Fungi) Against Curculio Nucum (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
    saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis moambe, t. 15, #2, 2021 BULLETIN OF THE GEORGIAN NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, vol. 15, no. 2, 2021 Parasitology The Effectivenes of Entomopathogenic Microorganizsms (Nematodes and Fungi) Against Curculio nucum (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Oleg Gorgadze*, Madona Kuchava*, Manana Lortkipanidze*, Nana Gratiashvili*, Medea Burjanadze** *Institute of Zoology, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia **Vasil Gulisashvili Forest Institute, Agricultural University of Georgia, Tbilisi (Presented by Academy Member Irakli Eliava) The nut weevil (NW), Curculio nucum, is one of the main pests of hazelnuts which damages nut buds, leaves and especially fruits. Sometimes it destroys 80-90 percent of the crop. The study presents the results of using entomopathogenic microorganisms (nematodes and fungi) against NW. Local entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) Steinernema borjomiense, S. thesami, Heterorhabditis sp. and Boverin's fungi were used against this pest. The tests were carried out in laboratory and field conditions. Nematodes of this species were first used against NW. The tests were carried out separately and together with different doses of nematode concentracions (100, 50 and 25 IJs/insect) and Boverin – (2 g/L and 4 g/L). Among the nematodes used separately against insect pests, S. borjomiense and Heterorhabditis sp. (in a dose of 100 IJs/insect) showed the greatest effect (100%). As for the separate application of Boverin, it turned out to be less effective (42.5% of adults and 43.2% of larvae died). On insect pests, a much greater effect was observed when using combined preparations of nematodes and fungi in laboratory and field trials. In the laboratory, after the use of combined preparations, 100% death of harmful insects is recorded.
    [Show full text]
  • Integration of Entomopathogenic Fungi Into IPM Programs: Studies Involving Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) Affecting Horticultural Crops
    insects Review Integration of Entomopathogenic Fungi into IPM Programs: Studies Involving Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) Affecting Horticultural Crops Kim Khuy Khun 1,2,* , Bree A. L. Wilson 2, Mark M. Stevens 3,4, Ruth K. Huwer 5 and Gavin J. Ash 2 1 Faculty of Agronomy, Royal University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 2696, Dangkor District, Phnom Penh, Cambodia 2 Centre for Crop Health, Institute for Life Sciences and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland 4350, Australia; [email protected] (B.A.L.W.); [email protected] (G.J.A.) 3 NSW Department of Primary Industries, Yanco Agricultural Institute, Yanco, New South Wales 2703, Australia; [email protected] 4 Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (NSW Department of Primary Industries and Charles Sturt University), Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2650, Australia 5 NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wollongbar Primary Industries Institute, Wollongbar, New South Wales 2477, Australia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected]; Tel.: +61-46-9731208 Received: 7 September 2020; Accepted: 21 September 2020; Published: 25 September 2020 Simple Summary: Horticultural crops are vulnerable to attack by many different weevil species. Fungal entomopathogens provide an attractive alternative to synthetic insecticides for weevil control because they pose a lesser risk to human health and the environment. This review summarises the available data on the performance of these entomopathogens when used against weevils in horticultural crops. We integrate these data with information on weevil biology, grouping species based on how their developmental stages utilise habitats in or on their hostplants, or in the soil.
    [Show full text]
  • Reporting Service 2003, No
    ORGANISATION EUROPEENNE EUROPEAN AND MEDITERRANEAN ET MEDITERRANEENNE PLANT PROTECTION POUR LA PROTECTION DES PLANTES ORGANIZATION EPPO Reporting Service Paris, 2003-01-01 Reporting Service 2003, No. 01 CONTENTS 2003/001 - Situation of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera in the EPPO region 2003/002 - Outbreak of Pepino mosaic potexvirus in tomato in Germany 2003/003 - Rhagoletis cingulata does not occur in Germany 2003/004 - Molecular characterization of a new virus on pear in Italy 2003/005 - Further details on Puccinia hemerocallidis 2003/006 - Host plants of Phytophthora ramorum 2003/007 - New data on quarantine pests and pests of the EPPO Alert List 2003/008 - Maize fine streak virus, a newly characterized virus of maize in the US 2003/009 - Distribution of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus in coconut plantations 2003/010 - Doses for ionizing irradiation against fruit flies 2003/011 - First report of citrus greening disease in Papua New Guinea 2003/012 - Situation of grapevine yellows in France 2003/013 - EPPO report on notifications of non-compliance (detection of regulated pests) 1, rue Le Nôtre Tel. : 33 1 45 20 77 94 E-mail : [email protected] 75016 Paris Fax : 33 1 42 24 89 43 Web : www.eppo.org EPPO Reporting Service 2003/001 Situation of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera in the EPPO region The situation of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Europe was reviewed during the 7th Meeting of the EPPO ad hoc Panel on D. virgifera held jointly with the 9th International IWGO Workshop on D. virgifera in Belgrade, 2002-11-03/05. In summary, D. virgifera has continued to spread in Central Europe in 2002, mainly northwards and westwards (see Figure 1), and the outbreak has now reached Austria and Czechia.
    [Show full text]
  • ENSAYO DE CONTROL DE Curculio Elephas EN BELLOTAS DE ENCINA (Quercus Ilex)
    ENSAYO DE CONTROL DE Curculio elephas EN BELLOTAS DE ENCINA (Quercus ilex) E. PÉREZ-LAORGA (1), A.GIMÉNEZ (2), A. IBÁÑEZ (2), R. GONZÁLEZ ABOLAFIO (3), E. GONZÁLEZ BIOSCA (3), M.M. LÓPEZ GONZÁLEZ (3). (1) Servicio de Prevención de Incendios y Sanidad Forestal. Consellería de Territorio y Vivienda. Generalitat Valenciana. C/ Francisco Cubells, 7. 46011 Valencia. [email protected] (2) PYG Estructuras Ambientales, S.L. Centre per a l’Investigació i la Experimentació Forestal C.I.E.F. Avda. Comarques del País Valencià, nº 114. 46930-Quart de Poblet (Valencia). plagas- [email protected] (3) Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Apartado Oficial, Moncada, 46113 Valencia. Resumen Las bellotas de encina que se emplean como semillas en viveros y repoblaciones forestales, se ven con frecuencia afectadas por larvas de insectos que merman su viabilidad, siendo las más frecuentes las de curculiónidos del género Curculio. El ensayo ha consistido en la búsqueda de un tratamiento fitosanitario para su control y en el estudio de su influencia sobre la disminución del número de bellotas por él picadas. Los tratamientos probados con deltametrín se han mostrado eficaces para la reducción del número de bellotas afectadas, aumentando el número de frutos sanos y de los que permanecen en el árbol. Debido a que el tratamiento está restringido a un número reducido de encinas en las que se recoge semilla, el impacto en la entomofauna es muy local. En la experiencia inicial de 1998, el número de bellotas con melazo, provocado por la bacteria Brenneria quercina, en los grupos tratados con deltametrín, fue directamente proporcional al número de bellotas afectadas por Curculio sp.
    [Show full text]
  • Descriptors for Hazelnut (Corylus Avellana L.)
    Descriptors for Hazelnut(Corylus avellana L.) List of Descriptors Allium (E, S) 2001 Pearl millet (E/F) 1993 Almond (revised)* (E) 1985 Pepino (E) 2004 Apple* (E) 1982 Phaseolus acutifolius (E) 1985 Apricot* (E) 1984 Phaseolus coccineus* (E) 1983 Avocado (E/S) 1995 Phaseolus lunatus (P) 2001 Bambara groundnut (E, F) 2000 Phaseolus vulgaris* (E, P) 1982 Banana (E, S, F) 1996 Pigeonpea (E) 1993 Barley (E) 1994 Pineapple (E) 1991 Beta (E) 1991 Pistachio (A, R, E, F) 1997 Black pepper (E/S) 1995 Pistacia (excluding Pistacia vera) (E) 1998 Brassica and Raphanus (E) 1990 Plum* (E) 1985 Brassica campestris L. (E) 1987 Potato variety* (E) 1985 Buckwheat (E) 1994 Quinua* (E) 1981 Cañahua (S) 2005 Rambutan 2003 Capsicum (E/S) 1995 Rice* (E) 2007 Cardamom (E) 1994 Rocket (E, I) 1999 Carrot (E, S, F) 1998 Rye and Triticale* (E) 1985 Cashew* (E) 1986 Safflower* (E) 1983 Cherry* (E) 1985 Sesame (E) 2004 Chickpea (E) 1993 Setaria italica and S. pumilia (E) 1985 Citrus (E, F, S) 1999 Shea tree (E) 2006 Coconut (E) 1995 Sorghum (E/F) 1993 Coffee (E, S, F) 1996 Soyabean* (E/C) 1984 Cotton (revised)* (E) 1985 Strawberry (E) 1986 Cowpea (E, P)* 1983 Sunflower* (E) 1985 Cultivated potato* (E) 1977 Sweet potato (E/S/F) 1991 Date Palm (F) 2005 Taro (E, F, S) 1999 Durian (E) 2007 Tea (E, S, F) 1997 Echinochloa millet* (E) 1983 Tomato (E, S, F) 1996 Eggplant (E/F) 1990 Tropical fruit (revised)* (E) 1980 Faba bean* (E) 1985 Ulluco (S) 2003 Fig (E) 2003 Vigna aconitifolia and V.
    [Show full text]
  • And Engelmann Oak (Q. Engelmannii) at the Acorn and Seedling Stage1
    Insect-oak Interactions with Coast Live Oak (Quercus agrifolia) and Engelmann Oak (Q. engelmannii) at the Acorn and Seedling Stage1 Connell E. Dunning,2 Timothy D. Paine,3 and Richard A. Redak3 Abstract We determined the impact of insects on both acorns and seedlings of coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia Nee) and Engelmann oak (Quercus engelmannii E. Greene). Our goals were to (1) identify insects feeding on acorns and levels of insect damage, and (2) measure performance and preference of a generalist leaf-feeding insect herbivore, the migratory grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes [Fabricus] Orthoptera: Acrididae), on both species of oak seedlings. Acorn collections and insect emergence traps under mature Q. agrifolia and Q. engelmannii revealed that 62 percent of all ground-collected acorns had some level of insect damage, with Q. engelmannii receiving significantly more damage. However, the amount of insect damage to individual acorns of both species was slight (<20 percent damage per acorn). Curculio occidentis (Casey) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Cydia latiferreana (Walsingham) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), and Valentinia glandulella Riley (Lepidoptera: Blastobasidae) were found feeding on both species of acorns. No-choice and choice seedling feeding trials were performed to determine grasshopper performance on the two species of oak seedlings. Quercus agrifolia seedlings and leaves received more damage than those of Q. engelmannii and provided a better diet, resulting in higher grasshopper biomass. Introduction The amount of oak habitat in many regions of North America is decreasing due to increased urban and agricultural development (Pavlik and others 1991). In addition, some oak species are exhibiting low natural regeneration. Although the status of Engelmann oak (Quercus engelmannii E.
    [Show full text]
  • UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations
    UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Prescribed fire and tanoak (Notholithocarpus densiflorus) associated cultural plant resources of the Karuk and Yurok Peoples of California Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/02r7x8r6 Author Halpern, Arielle Publication Date 2016 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Prescribed fire and tanoak (Notholithocarpus densiflorus) associated cultural plant resources of the Karuk and Yurok Peoples of California by Arielle Anita Halpern A dissertation in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Integrative Biology in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Wayne P. Sousa, Co-Chair Professor Thomas J. Carlson, Co-Chair Professor Scott L. Stephens Frank K. Lake, Ph.D. Spring 2016 Abstract Prescribed fire and tanoak (Notholithocarpus densiflorus) associated cultural plant resources of the Karuk and Yurok Peoples of California by Arielle Anita Halpern Doctor of Philosophy in Integrative Biology University of California, Berkeley Professor Wayne P. Sousa and Professor Thomas J. Carlson, Co-Chairs The targeted application of prescribed fire has long been used by Native Californian peoples to manage plant resources of cultural value. Their ability to employ this management tool has been increasingly restricted by local, state and federal agencies in response to recent drought conditions and the highly flammable state of most western U.S. forests, where, for decades, fires of any magnitude have been suppressed as a matter of policy. This diminished access to cultural prescribed fire has impacted tribal access to many of the plant resources and cultural activities upon which Karuk and Yurok cultures are based.
    [Show full text]
  • December 2020 Year Volume Issue
    DECEMBER 2020 YEAR : 2020 VOLUME : 4 ISSUE : 4 e­ISSN : 2618­5946 doi : 10.31015/jaefs JAEFS International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Food Sciences Int J Agric Environ Food Sci e­ISSN : 2618­5946 DOI: 10.31015/jaefs www.jaefs.com December Volume : 4 Issue : 4 Year : 2020 International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Food Sciences JAEFS e­ISSN : 2618­5946 www.jaefs.com Int J Agric Environ Food Sci 4 (4) December 2020 DOI: 10.31015/jaefs Editor­in­Chief Prof.Dr. Gultekin OZDEMIR Agricultural Sciences, Horticulture, Viticulture Dicle University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Diyarbakir, Turkey [email protected] ­ [email protected] Co­Editor­in­Chief Prof.Dr. Zeynel CEBECI Agricultural Sciences, Biometry & Genetics Çukurova University, Faculty of Agriculture, Div. of Biometry & Genetics, Adana, Turkey [email protected] Statistical Editor Assoc.Prof.Dr. Şenol ÇELİK Agricultural Sciences, Zootechnics, Biometry & GeneticsBingöl University Faculty of Agriculture Department of Zootechnics Div. of Biometry and GeneticsBingöl, Turkey [email protected] Language Editor Dr. Akbar HOSSAIN Agricultural Sciences, Plant physiology, Weed management, Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute, Nashipur, Dinajpur­5200, Bangladesh [email protected] Jiban SHRESTHA Agricultural Sciences, Field Crops Nepal Agricultural Research Council, National Commercial Agriculture Research Program, Pakhribas, Dhankuta, Nepal [email protected] I International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Food Sciences JAEFS e­ISSN : 2618­5946 www.jaefs.com Int J Agric Environ Food Sci 4 (4) December 2020 DOI: 10.31015/jaefs Editorial Board Prof.Dr. Hakan AKTAS Agricultural Sciences, Horticulture Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Agriculture Department of Horticulture, Isparta, Turkey [email protected] Prof.Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Satiation of Predispersal Seed Predators: the Importance of Considering Both Plant and Seed Levels
    Evol Ecol DOI 10.1007/s10682-006-9107-y ORIGINAL PAPER Satiation of predispersal seed predators: the importance of considering both plant and seed levels Raul Bonal Æ Alberto Mun˜ oz Æ Mario Dı´az Received: 11 November 2005 / Accepted: 10 August 2006 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2006 Abstract Plants can reduce the fitness costs of granivory by satiating seed pre- dators. The most common satiation mechanism is the production of large crops, which ensures that a proportion of the seeds survive predation. Nevertheless, satiation of small granivores at the seed level may also exist. Larger seeds would satiate more efficiently, enhancing the probability of seed survival after having been attacked. However, a larger seed size could compromise the efficiency of satiation by means of large crops if there were a negative relationship between seed size and the number of seeds produced by an individual plant. We analyze both types of satiation in the interaction between the holm oak Quercus ilex and the chestnut weevil Curculio elephas. Both crop size and acorn size differed strongly in a sample of 32 trees. Larger crop sizes satiated weevils, and higher proportions of the seeds were not attacked as crop size increased. Larger seeds also satiated weevil larvae, as a larger acorn size increased the likelihood of embryo survival. Seedling size was strongly related to acorn size and was reduced by weevil attack, but seedlings coming from large weeviled acorns were still larger. The number and the size of the acorns produced by individual trees were nega- tively related. Larger proportions of the crop were infested in oaks producing less numerous crops of larger acorns.
    [Show full text]
  • 3.7.10 Curculioninae Latreille, 1802 Jetzt Beschriebenen Palaearctischen Ceuthor- Rhynchinen
    Curculioninae Latreille, 1802 305 Schultze, A. (1902): Kritisches Verzeichniss der bis 3.7.10 Curculioninae Latreille, 1802 jetzt beschriebenen palaearctischen Ceuthor- rhynchinen. – Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift Roberto Caldara , Nico M. Franz, and Rolf 1902: 193 – 226. G. Oberprieler Schwarz, E. A. (1894): A “ parasitic ” scolytid. – Pro- ceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 3: Distribution. The subfamily as here composed (see 15 – 17. Phylogeny and Taxonomy below) includes approx- Scudder, S. H. (1893): Tertiary Rhynchophorous Coleo- ptera of the United States. xii + 206 pp. US Geological imately 350 genera and 4500 species (O ’ Brien & Survey, Washington, DC. Wibmer 1978; Thompson 1992; Alonso-Zarazaga Stierlin, G. (1886): Fauna insectorum Helvetiae. Coleo- & Lyal 1999; Oberprieler et al. 2007), provisionally ptera helvetiae , Volume 2. 662 pp. Rothermel & Cie., divided into 34 tribes. These are geographically Schaffhausen. generally restricted to a lesser or larger degree, only Thompson, R. T. (1973): Preliminary studies on the two – Curculionini and Rhamphini – being virtually taxonomy and distribution of the melon weevil, cosmopolitan in distribution and Anthonomini , Acythopeus curvirostris (Boheman) (including Baris and Tychiini only absent from the Australo-Pacifi c granulipennis (Tournier)) (Coleoptera, Curculion- region. Acalyptini , Cionini , Ellescini , Mecinini , idae). – Bulletin of Entomological Research 63: 31 – 48. and Smicronychini occur mainly in the Old World, – (1992): Observations on the morphology and clas- from Africa to the Palaearctic and Oriental regions, sifi cation of weevils (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) with Ellescini, Acalyptini, and Smicronychini also with a key to major groups. – Journal of Natural His- extending into the Nearctic region and at least tory 26: 835 – 891. the latter two also into the Australian one.
    [Show full text]