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Curculio Elephas Nieuw Voor De Nederlandse Fauna (Coleoptera

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Curculio Elephas Nieuw Voor De Nederlandse Fauna (Coleoptera Curculio elephas nieuw voor de Nederlandse fauna MCZ (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) L » f .') , \ Y Th. Heijerman JUN 0 B 1999 HEIJERMAN, TH., 1999. CURCULIO ELEPHAS NEW FOR THE DUTCH FAimA (COLEOPTERA: CURCU LIONIDAE). - ENT. BER., AMST. 59 (5): 65-67. r UN i ry Abstract: Curculio elephas is recorded for the first time from The Netherlands. A single specimen was taken from a win¬ dow-pane of my house, which lies within the built-up area of Wageningen. Some details on ecology and distrubution are presented. Sectie Diertaxonomie, Landbouwuniversiteit Wageningen. Postbus 8031,6700 EH Wageningen. Inleiding landse exemplaar vergeleken met de twee bui¬ tenlandse exemplaren in de collectie van het In Midden-Europa komen 11 soorten voor van Zoölogisch Museum van Amsterdam. het genus Curculio Linnaeus, waarvan er acht behoren tot het subgenus Curculio s. str. en Voorkomen in Europa drie tot het subgenus Balanobius Jekel (Lohse, 1983). De drie Balanobius-soorten, die zieh in Curculio elephas is een wijd verbreide soort in de gallen van hymenopteren ontwikkelen, ko¬ West-Azië, Noord-Afrika en Zuid-Europa men alle in Nederland voor en van het subge¬ (Dieckmann, 1988). De soort komt bijvoor¬ nus Curculio zijn tot nu toe zeven soorten in beeld in vrijwel geheel Frankrijk voor met uit¬ ons land waargenomen. De soorten van dit zondering van het noorden (Hoffmann, 1954) subgenus ontwikkelen zich in de vruchten van en, in Europa, verder vooral in Portugal, Span¬ hazelaar (Corylus sp.), eik (Quercus sp.), tam¬ je, Italië, Bulgarije en de Oekraïne. Volgens me kastanje (Castanea sp.) of in de katjes van Lohse (1983) kwam de soort vroeger welis¬ berk (Betula sp.) en els (Alnus sp.). waar verbreid voor in het zuiden van Europa Op 18 september 1998 ving ik te Wagenin¬ maar zou de laatste tijd nog nauwelijks wor¬ gen één exemplaar van de enige soort die nog den waargenomen. Dieckmann (1988) geeft niet in ons land was aangetroffen, namelijk een overzicht van de gebieden in Midden- en Curculio elephas (Gyllenhal). Dit exemplaar Oost-Europa waar de soort werd verzameld en bevond zich aan de buitenzijde van het keu¬ vermeldt dat van veel gebieden, waaronder het kenraam van mijn woning in de stadswijk de voormalige West-Duitsland, slechts waarne¬ Tarthorst. mingen bekend zijn van de vorige eeuw. Ook Op het eerste gezicht lijkt de soort (fig. 1) in het voormalige Oost-Duitsland kwam de op de andere grotere soorten van het subgenus soort verbreid voor, maar zij is volgens Dieck¬ Curculio, namelijk C. glandium Marsham, C. mann recent slechts verzameld in Branden¬ venosus Gravenhorst en C. nucum Linnaeus, burg. Everts (1903) vermeldt dat de soort zou maar zij kan bij nadere beschouwing toch vrij voorkomen in Westfalen en in de Rijnprovin¬ gemakkelijk daarvan worden onderscheiden: cie bij Elberfeld en dat zij in Nassau (ook in Curculio elephas is slanker en lichter van het Rheinland gelegen) “uit overwinterde ei¬ kleur en bovendien is het achterste gedeelte kels gekweekt” zou zijn (Everts, 1922). In de van de naad bij C. venosus en C. nucum enigs¬ recente catalogus van Köhler & Klausnitzer zins verheven, met min of meer opgerichte (1998) wordt C. elephas genoemd van 9 van schubben. Voor alle zekerheid is het Neder¬ de 18 onderscheiden regio’s: in twee regio’s, 66 Ent. Ber., Amst. 59 (1999) Fig. 1. Curculio elephas, zij- en bovenaanzicht. Westfalen en Hannover, zijn de waarnemin¬ eikenbossen in Spanje. Door het aansteken gen van voor 1900; in Beieren en Sachsen zijn van de eikels voor de eiafzetting wordt de slechts waarnemingen bekend van voor 1950; placenta aangezet tot afscheiding van een van vijf regio’s zijn waarnemingen van na stroopachtige substantie die door het boorgat 1950 bekend, namelijk van Baden, Hessen, naar buiten treedt. Dit sap komt terecht tussen Pfalz, Brandenburg en Thüringen. Curculio eikel en napje (cupula), de placenta zelf ver¬ elephas is na 1950 dus niet in de ons omlig¬ schrompelt en de eikel valt uit het napje. Een gende gebieden waargenomen: Hessen is de vergelijkbaar verschijnsel zou ook bij tamme dichtstbijgelegen regio en bevindt zich op een kastanjes optreden waarbij de aantastings- afstand van meer dan 100 km van Wagenin- graad samenhangt met de lengte, dichtheid en gen. stevigheid van de stekels, die voor de kever een mechanische barrière vormen. De schade door de kevers veroorzaakt kan aanzienlijk Biologie zijn; Schwencke (1974) noemt bijvoorbeeld Curculio elephas wordt op eiken aangetroffen, een aantastingspercentage van 90% van de maar zou in het zuiden van Europa ook op vruchten bij variëteiten van tamme kastanje tamme kastanje (Castanea sativa Miller) met weinig stekels. Hij vermeldt verder dat voorkomen en daarop soms zelfs schade¬ ook de aantasting van eikels economische lijk kunnen zijn (Lohse, 1983). Volgens gevolgen kan hebben omdat deze in Portugal Schwencke (1974) is de soort in vrijwel het bijvoorbeeld gebruikt worden voor de produc¬ hele verspreidingsgebied schadelijk, niet al¬ tie van meel en olie-extract. Om de schade leen op tamme kastanje, maar ook op eiken, te beperken worden een aantal potentiële en in Turkije zelfs op hazelaar (Corylus avel- maatregelen genoemd, van de toepassing van lana L.). Als voedselplanten noemt laatstge¬ chemische bestrijding tot het schudden van noemde auteur tamme kastanje en hazelaar, de jonge boompjes toe. Als natuurlijke vijanden zomereik (Q. robur L.) en wintereik (Q. petra- noemt hij, naast een aantal parasitaire Hyme- ea (Matt.) Liebk), en verder nog een hele noptera (de braconide Sigalphus sculpturatus reeks voornamelijk Zuid-Europese eikensoor¬ Szépligeti en de ichneumoniden Orthocentrus ten. nigristernus Rudn. en Odontocolon glan- Schwencke (1974) en Scherf (1964) be¬ darius Rudn.), de boomklever {Sitta euro- schrijven de ontwikkeling en de biologie van paea Wolf) die in Spanje de kevers op zijn de larven en eerstgenoemde auteur gaat uitge¬ menu heeft staan, en de vlaamse gaai breid in op de schade die C. elephas kan ver¬ (■Garrulus glandarius (Linnaeus)), die in de oorzaken. Zo beschrijft hij de zogenaamde voormalige Sovjet-Unie de larven uit de eikels “Melazo”-schade (kleverigheidsschade) die zou halen. deze hoorder kan veroorzaken in vrijwel alle Een groot aantal van de genoemde voedsel- Ent. Ber., Amst. 59 (1999) 67 planten van C. elephas komt in Nederland al¬ Dankwoord gemeen voor, hetzij van nature, hetzij aange¬ Graag wil ik Miguel Alonso-Zarazaga bedanken voor in¬ plant. Ook in de Tarthorst en nabije omgeving formatie betreffende eiken en eikels en Daan Vestergaard komen onder meer zomereiken en hazelaars en Berend Aukema voor respeetievelijk inzage in de col¬ voor in de groenvoorziening. Daarnaast zijn er lectie en voor beschikbaar stellen van materiaal verza¬ in de nabije omgeving van de vindplaats moe¬ meld met een vanglamp. raseiken (Q. palustris Muenchh.) aangeplant. Deze uit Noord-Amerika geïmporteerde soort Literatuur wordt echter nergens als voedselplant van C. Dieckmann, L., 1988. Beiträge zur Insektenfauna der elephas genoemd. DDR: Coleoptera - Curculionidae (Curculioninae: El- Hoewel in de literatuur geen informatie te lescini, Acalyptini, Tychiini, Anthonomini, Curculio- vinden is over het vliegvermogen en -afstan¬ nini). - Beiträge zur Entomologie 38: 365-468. den van C. elephas of van Curculio’s in het al¬ Everts, E., 1903. Coleoptera Neerlandica 2: i-ivi, 1-796. Nijhoff, ’s-Gravenhage. gemeen, is het zeer waarschijnlijk dat ze rede¬ Everts, E., 1922. Coleoptera Neerlandica 3: i-xviii, 1- lijk tot goed kunnen vliegen. Op het etiket bij 667. Nijhoff, ’s-Gravenhage. één van de twee buitenlandse exemplaren van Hoffmann, A., 1954. Coléoptères curculionides, troisiè¬ C. elephas stond vermeld dat deze was verza¬ mes partie. - Faune de France 62: 1208-1839. meld op licht. Ook over de aantrekking tot Köhler, F. & B. Klausnitzer (eds), 1998. Verzeichnis der Käfer Deutschlands. - Entomologische Nachrich¬ licht viel in de literatuur geen informatie te ten und Berichte (Dresden), Beiheft 4: 1-185. vinden. Navraag bij enkele vlinderverzame- Lohse, G. A., 1983. Unterfamilie Curculioninae. In: Die laars leerde dat Curculio' s in ieder geval niet Käfer Mitteleuropas (H. Freude, K. W. Harde &. G. A. veelvuldig op licht afkomen. Toch zijn er van Lohse, eds) 11: 78-110. Goecke & Evers, Krefeld. Schwencke, W., 1974. Die Forstschädlinge Europas 2. enkele soorten lichtvangsten bekend: Daan Käfer: i-viii, 1-500. Paul Parey, Hamburg & Berlin. Vestergaard ving op zijn balkon in Soest een Scherf, H., 1964. Die Entwicklungsstadien der mitteleu¬ exemplaar van C. glandium met een vang- ropäischen Curculioniden (Morphologie, Bionomie, lamp, Berend Aukema verzamelde C. venosus Ökologie). - Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 506: 1-335. en C. glandium in een lichtval te Renkum en zelf heb ik waarnemingen van C. venosus op licht te Wageningen en Rhenen. Geaccepteerd 11 .xii. 1998. .
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