ENSAYO DE CONTROL DE Curculio Elephas EN BELLOTAS DE ENCINA (Quercus Ilex)
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CHESTNUT (CASTANEA Spp.) CULTIVAR EVALUATION for COMMERCIAL CHESTNUT PRODUCTION
CHESTNUT (CASTANEA spp.) CULTIVAR EVALUATION FOR COMMERCIAL CHESTNUT PRODUCTION IN HAMILTON COUNTY, TENNESSEE By Ana Maria Metaxas Approved: James Hill Craddock Jennifer Boyd Professor of Biological Sciences Assistant Professor of Biological and Environmental Sciences (Director of Thesis) (Committee Member) Gregory Reighard Jeffery Elwell Professor of Horticulture Dean, College of Arts and Sciences (Committee Member) A. Jerald Ainsworth Dean of the Graduate School CHESTNUT (CASTANEA spp.) CULTIVAR EVALUATION FOR COMMERCIAL CHESTNUT PRODUCTION IN HAMILTON COUNTY, TENNESSEE by Ana Maria Metaxas A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Environmental Science May 2013 ii ABSTRACT Chestnut cultivars were evaluated for their commercial applicability under the environmental conditions in Hamilton County, TN at 35°13ꞌ 45ꞌꞌ N 85° 00ꞌ 03.97ꞌꞌ W elevation 230 meters. In 2003 and 2004, 534 trees were planted, representing 64 different cultivars, varieties, and species. Twenty trees from each of 20 different cultivars were planted as five-tree plots in a randomized complete block design in four blocks of 100 trees each, amounting to 400 trees. The remaining 44 chestnut cultivars, varieties, and species served as a germplasm collection. These were planted in guard rows surrounding the four blocks in completely randomized, single-tree plots. In the analysis, we investigated our collection predominantly with the aim to: 1) discover the degree of acclimation of grower- recommended cultivars to southeastern Tennessee climatic conditions and 2) ascertain the cultivars’ ability to survive in the area with Cryphonectria parasitica and other chestnut diseases and pests present. -
Integration of Entomopathogenic Fungi Into IPM Programs: Studies Involving Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) Affecting Horticultural Crops
insects Review Integration of Entomopathogenic Fungi into IPM Programs: Studies Involving Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) Affecting Horticultural Crops Kim Khuy Khun 1,2,* , Bree A. L. Wilson 2, Mark M. Stevens 3,4, Ruth K. Huwer 5 and Gavin J. Ash 2 1 Faculty of Agronomy, Royal University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 2696, Dangkor District, Phnom Penh, Cambodia 2 Centre for Crop Health, Institute for Life Sciences and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland 4350, Australia; [email protected] (B.A.L.W.); [email protected] (G.J.A.) 3 NSW Department of Primary Industries, Yanco Agricultural Institute, Yanco, New South Wales 2703, Australia; [email protected] 4 Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (NSW Department of Primary Industries and Charles Sturt University), Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2650, Australia 5 NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wollongbar Primary Industries Institute, Wollongbar, New South Wales 2477, Australia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected]; Tel.: +61-46-9731208 Received: 7 September 2020; Accepted: 21 September 2020; Published: 25 September 2020 Simple Summary: Horticultural crops are vulnerable to attack by many different weevil species. Fungal entomopathogens provide an attractive alternative to synthetic insecticides for weevil control because they pose a lesser risk to human health and the environment. This review summarises the available data on the performance of these entomopathogens when used against weevils in horticultural crops. We integrate these data with information on weevil biology, grouping species based on how their developmental stages utilise habitats in or on their hostplants, or in the soil. -
Reporting Service 2003, No
ORGANISATION EUROPEENNE EUROPEAN AND MEDITERRANEAN ET MEDITERRANEENNE PLANT PROTECTION POUR LA PROTECTION DES PLANTES ORGANIZATION EPPO Reporting Service Paris, 2003-01-01 Reporting Service 2003, No. 01 CONTENTS 2003/001 - Situation of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera in the EPPO region 2003/002 - Outbreak of Pepino mosaic potexvirus in tomato in Germany 2003/003 - Rhagoletis cingulata does not occur in Germany 2003/004 - Molecular characterization of a new virus on pear in Italy 2003/005 - Further details on Puccinia hemerocallidis 2003/006 - Host plants of Phytophthora ramorum 2003/007 - New data on quarantine pests and pests of the EPPO Alert List 2003/008 - Maize fine streak virus, a newly characterized virus of maize in the US 2003/009 - Distribution of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus in coconut plantations 2003/010 - Doses for ionizing irradiation against fruit flies 2003/011 - First report of citrus greening disease in Papua New Guinea 2003/012 - Situation of grapevine yellows in France 2003/013 - EPPO report on notifications of non-compliance (detection of regulated pests) 1, rue Le Nôtre Tel. : 33 1 45 20 77 94 E-mail : [email protected] 75016 Paris Fax : 33 1 42 24 89 43 Web : www.eppo.org EPPO Reporting Service 2003/001 Situation of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera in the EPPO region The situation of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Europe was reviewed during the 7th Meeting of the EPPO ad hoc Panel on D. virgifera held jointly with the 9th International IWGO Workshop on D. virgifera in Belgrade, 2002-11-03/05. In summary, D. virgifera has continued to spread in Central Europe in 2002, mainly northwards and westwards (see Figure 1), and the outbreak has now reached Austria and Czechia. -
Tropical Insect Chemical Ecology - Edi A
TROPICAL BIOLOGY AND CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT – Vol.VII - Tropical Insect Chemical Ecology - Edi A. Malo TROPICAL INSECT CHEMICAL ECOLOGY Edi A. Malo Departamento de Entomología Tropical, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto Km. 2.5, Tapachula, Chiapas, C.P. 30700. México. Keywords: Insects, Semiochemicals, Pheromones, Kairomones, Monitoring, Mass Trapping, Mating Disrupting. Contents 1. Introduction 2. Semiochemicals 2.1. Use of Semiochemicals 3. Pheromones 3.1. Lepidoptera Pheromones 3.2. Coleoptera Pheromones 3.3. Diptera Pheromones 3.4. Pheromones of Insects of Medical Importance 4. Kairomones 4.1. Coleoptera Kairomones 4.2. Diptera Kairomones 5. Synthesis 6. Concluding Remarks Acknowledgments Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketch Summary In this chapter we describe the current state of tropical insect chemical ecology in Latin America with the aim of stimulating the use of this important tool for future generations of technicians and professionals workers in insect pest management. Sex pheromones of tropical insectsUNESCO that have been identified to– date EOLSS are mainly used for detection and population monitoring. Another strategy termed mating disruption, has been used in the control of the tomato pinworm, Keiferia lycopersicella, and the Guatemalan potato moth, Tecia solanivora. Research into other semiochemicals such as kairomones in tropical insects SAMPLErevealed evidence of their presence CHAPTERS in coleopterans. However, additional studies are necessary in order to confirm these laboratory results. In fruit flies, the isolation of potential attractants (kairomone) from Spondias mombin for Anastrepha obliqua was reported recently. The use of semiochemicals to control insect pests is advantageous in that it is safe for humans and the environment. The extensive use of these kinds of technologies could be very important in reducing the use of pesticides with the consequent reduction in the level of contamination caused by these products around the world. -
Pre-Dispersal Seed Predation by Weevils (Curculio Spp.): the Role of Host-Specificity, Resource Availability and Environmental Factors
Pre-dispersal seed predation by weevils (Curculio spp.): The role of host-specificity, resource availability and environmental factors Harold Arias-LeClaire Aquesta tesi doctoral està subjecta a la llicència Reconeixement- NoComercial – CompartirIgual 4.0. Espanya de Creative Commons. Esta tesis doctoral está sujeta a la licencia Reconocimiento - NoComercial – CompartirIgual 4.0. España de Creative Commons. This doctoral thesis is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- ShareAlike 4.0. Spain License. Pre-dispersal seed predation by weevils (Curculio spp.) The role of host-specificity, resource availability and environmental factors HAROLD ARIAS-LECLAIRE Barcelona, 2018 Pre-dispersal seed predation by weevils (Curculio spp.): The role of host-specificity, resource availability and environmental factors This page intentionally left blank Pre-dispersal seed predation by weevils (Curculio spp.): The role of host-specificity, resource availability and environmental factors Harold Arias-LeClaire Barcelona, 2018 This page intentionally left blank Pre-dispersal seed predation by weevils (Curculio spp.): The role of host-specificity, resource availability and environmental factors Harold Arias-LeClaire Thesis to be eligible for the Doctor degree and submitted in fulfillment of the requirements of Academic Doctoral program in Biodiversity with the supervision and approval of Dr. Josep Maria Espelta Morral Dr. Raúl Bonal Andrés Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona, 2018 This page intentionally left blank Facultat de Biologia Department de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals Pre-dispersal seed predation by weevils (Curculio spp.): The role of host-specificity, resource availability and environmental factors Research memory presented by Harold Arias-LeClaire for the degree of Doctor at the Universitat de Barcelona Biodiversity Program with the approval of Dr. -
Satiation of Predispersal Seed Predators: the Importance of Considering Both Plant and Seed Levels
Evol Ecol DOI 10.1007/s10682-006-9107-y ORIGINAL PAPER Satiation of predispersal seed predators: the importance of considering both plant and seed levels Raul Bonal Æ Alberto Mun˜ oz Æ Mario Dı´az Received: 11 November 2005 / Accepted: 10 August 2006 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2006 Abstract Plants can reduce the fitness costs of granivory by satiating seed pre- dators. The most common satiation mechanism is the production of large crops, which ensures that a proportion of the seeds survive predation. Nevertheless, satiation of small granivores at the seed level may also exist. Larger seeds would satiate more efficiently, enhancing the probability of seed survival after having been attacked. However, a larger seed size could compromise the efficiency of satiation by means of large crops if there were a negative relationship between seed size and the number of seeds produced by an individual plant. We analyze both types of satiation in the interaction between the holm oak Quercus ilex and the chestnut weevil Curculio elephas. Both crop size and acorn size differed strongly in a sample of 32 trees. Larger crop sizes satiated weevils, and higher proportions of the seeds were not attacked as crop size increased. Larger seeds also satiated weevil larvae, as a larger acorn size increased the likelihood of embryo survival. Seedling size was strongly related to acorn size and was reduced by weevil attack, but seedlings coming from large weeviled acorns were still larger. The number and the size of the acorns produced by individual trees were nega- tively related. Larger proportions of the crop were infested in oaks producing less numerous crops of larger acorns. -
Plum Curculio (A4160) I-06-2018 4
A4160 Plum Curculio Annie Deutsch and Christelle Guédot lum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Identification Curculionidae), is one of the most Plum curculio is a type of weevil (snout Pcommon and detrimental pests of apple beetle). Adults have a distinctive, long, in Wisconsin and can cause significant curved snout, characteristic of weevils damage to tree fruit. Along with apple, it (figure 1). Adults are about 1/6 to 1/4 of an attacks pear, quince, and stone fruits such inch long and are speckled gray, brown, as plum, cherry, peach, and apricot. and black. They have four pairs of ridges along the back, although only one pair Plum curculio is a native beetle, distributed is readily apparent. Eggs are minute throughout the eastern and midwestern (approximately 1/50 of an inch long), white, United States and Canada. In its natural and oval shaped. The full-grown larva environment, it survives in wild plum, is 1/4 to 1/3 of an inch long, with a legless, native crabapple, and hawthorn. Many C-shaped, cream-colored body and brown wild crabapples and stone fruits occur in head (figure 2). Plum curculio pupae are woodlots and fencerows, which, along with about the size of full-grown larvae and are neglected or abandoned fruit trees, can white to tan in color. host plum curculio populations. All of these FIGURE 2. Plum curculio larvae inside a plants are potential sources of infestation peach. for cultivated trees. In the winter, the adult Life cycle beetles seek protection in wooded areas Plum curculio overwinters as an adult laying 100 to 500 eggs in their lifetime. -
Curculio Elephas Nieuw Voor De Nederlandse Fauna (Coleoptera
Curculio elephas nieuw voor de Nederlandse fauna MCZ (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) L » f .') , \ Y Th. Heijerman JUN 0 B 1999 HEIJERMAN, TH., 1999. CURCULIO ELEPHAS NEW FOR THE DUTCH FAimA (COLEOPTERA: CURCU LIONIDAE). - ENT. BER., AMST. 59 (5): 65-67. r UN i ry Abstract: Curculio elephas is recorded for the first time from The Netherlands. A single specimen was taken from a win¬ dow-pane of my house, which lies within the built-up area of Wageningen. Some details on ecology and distrubution are presented. Sectie Diertaxonomie, Landbouwuniversiteit Wageningen. Postbus 8031,6700 EH Wageningen. Inleiding landse exemplaar vergeleken met de twee bui¬ tenlandse exemplaren in de collectie van het In Midden-Europa komen 11 soorten voor van Zoölogisch Museum van Amsterdam. het genus Curculio Linnaeus, waarvan er acht behoren tot het subgenus Curculio s. str. en Voorkomen in Europa drie tot het subgenus Balanobius Jekel (Lohse, 1983). De drie Balanobius-soorten, die zieh in Curculio elephas is een wijd verbreide soort in de gallen van hymenopteren ontwikkelen, ko¬ West-Azië, Noord-Afrika en Zuid-Europa men alle in Nederland voor en van het subge¬ (Dieckmann, 1988). De soort komt bijvoor¬ nus Curculio zijn tot nu toe zeven soorten in beeld in vrijwel geheel Frankrijk voor met uit¬ ons land waargenomen. De soorten van dit zondering van het noorden (Hoffmann, 1954) subgenus ontwikkelen zich in de vruchten van en, in Europa, verder vooral in Portugal, Span¬ hazelaar (Corylus sp.), eik (Quercus sp.), tam¬ je, Italië, Bulgarije en de Oekraïne. Volgens me kastanje (Castanea sp.) of in de katjes van Lohse (1983) kwam de soort vroeger welis¬ berk (Betula sp.) en els (Alnus sp.). -
Present Status of the Asian Elephant (Elephas Maximus Linneaus, 1758) Robert C
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Digital Commons@Wayne State University Elephant Volume 1 Article 8 Issue 2 Elephant Newsletter No. 2 5-1-1978 Present Status of the Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus Linneaus, 1758) Robert C. D. Olivier IUCN/WWF/Elephant Survey and Conservation Programme, Asian Division Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/elephant Part of the Animal Studies Commons, Biology Commons, Environmental Studies Commons, Population Biology Commons, and the Zoology Commons Recommended Citation Olivier RCD. 1978. Present status of the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus Linneaus, 1758). Elephant. 1(2):15-17. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Access Journals at DigitalCommons@WayneState. It has been accepted for inclusion in Elephant by an authorized editor of DigitalCommons@WayneState. PRESENT STATUS OF THE ASIAN ELEPHANT (Elephas maximas Linneaus, 1758). by Robert C, D, Olivier Summary: Endangered, Severe habitat destruction is leading to fragmentation and eventual extinction of wild populations. Those in Sumatra and West Malaysia are considered to be seriously endangered. Reserves are urgently needed to safeguard the remaining populations. Distribution: (See map), Sri Lanka, India, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Burma, Thailand, Malaya, Sumatra, Borneo, Vietnam, Laos, Democratic Kampuchea and China (Yunnan), Distribution within these countries is very restricted and limited mostly to hilly areas in the region of international boundaries. In former times, the range extended from the Tigris and Euphrates basin in the Middle East (where it became extinct by the 5th Century B.C.) through Asia south of the Himalayas and north into China, where it survived in the valley of the Yangtze Kiang up to the 10th century A.D., and in the rainforests of the coastal zone (southeast provinces) until the 11th century A.D. -
Castanea Sativa
Castanea sativa Castanea sativa in Europe: distribution, habitat, usage and threats M. Conedera, W. Tinner, P. Krebs, D. de Rigo, G. Caudullo The sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) is the only native species of the genus in Europe. The broad diffusion and active management by man resulted in the establishment of the species at the limits of its potential ecological range, which makes it difficult to trace its original natural area. The present distribution ranges from North-Western Africa (e.g. Morocco) to North-Western Europe (southern England, Belgium) and from south-western Asia (e.g. Turkey) to Eastern Europe (e.g. Romania), the Caucasus (Georgia, Armenia) and the Caspian Sea. In Europe the main chestnut forests are concentrated in a few countries such as Italy, France and the Iberian Peninsula. The sweet chestnut has a remarkable multipurpose character, and may be managed for timber production (coppice and high forest) as well as for fruit production (traditional orchards), including a broad range of secondary products and ecosystem services. The sweet chestnut tree (Castanea sativa Mill.) is a medium- large deciduous tree that may reach 30-35 m. When cultivated, the tree is long-living (up to 1 000 years) and may also reach Frequency < 25% a significant girth (up to 12 m at breast height). The bark is 25% - 50% 50% - 75% brown-greyish and often has net-shaped venations with deep > 75% furrows or fissures. Leaves are oblong-lanceolate (8-25 cm long, Chorology Native 5-9 cm broad) with a dentate-crenate margin and a brighter Introduced green upper leaf surface. -
The Role of Orchard Habitats and the Surrounding Landscape in Supporting Apple Production and Conserving Biodiversity: Report of a Hudson Valley Pilot Project
The Role of Orchard Habitats and the Surrounding Landscape in Supporting Apple Production and Conserving Biodiversity: Report of a Hudson Valley Pilot Project. Conrad Vispo, Claudia Knab-Vispo, Kyle Bradford, and Otter Vispo. Hawthorne Valley Farmscape Ecology Program, Jan. 2015. INTRODUCTION In the mid 1800s, as the extent of agricultural land in the Hudson Valley was peaking, orchard observers began to notice a blossoming of apple orchard pests. Not only that, but they associated this with the decline in natural enemies, specifically birds. It was a decline due both to direct hunting and to the loss of avian habitat (see Trimble, 1865). It should thus be no surprise that, when we look at other creatures, such as spiders, wasps and native bees, we – and others - see a detectable influence of landscape context. And, predictably, in broad strokes, and given that ours was a largely forested landscape, the abundance of those organisms is usually enhanced by the presence of forest in the neighborhood and reduced by the abundance of more altered land including residential or commercial development and more orchards. Although Native Americans no doubt created openings of various sizes, this region’s land was surely a wilder place prior to European settlement. In those forests, wetlands, and scattered openings, various insects made a living, feeding on plants, microbes and other animals, including other insects (in this report but not in taxonomy, “insects” includes spiders). As European agriculture expanded, new habitats were created or old ones reached novel extents. These habitats were dominated by the likes of grains, fodder, and fruits. -
Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in an Organic Apple Orchard Using Molecular Gut-Content Analysis
insects Article Elucidating the Common Generalist Predators of Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in an Organic Apple Orchard Using Molecular Gut-Content Analysis Jason M. Schmidt 1,2,*, Zsofia Szendrei 1 and Matthew Grieshop 1 1 Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 578 Wilson Rd., East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; [email protected] (Z.S.); [email protected] (M.G.) 2 Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, 2360 Rainwater Rd., Tifton, GA 31793, USA * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-229-386-7251 Academic Editors: Andrew G. S. Cuthbertson and Eric W. Riddick Received: 22 April 2016; Accepted: 20 June 2016; Published: 24 June 2016 Abstract: Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), plum curculio, is a serious direct pest of North American tree fruit including, apples, cherries, peaches and plums. Historically, organophosphate insecticides were used for control, but this tool is no longer registered for use in tree fruit. In addition, few organically approved insecticides are available for organic pest control and none have proven efficacy as this time. Therefore, promoting biological control in these systems is the next step, however, little is known about the biological control pathways in this system and how these are influenced by current mechanical and cultural practices required in organic systems. We used molecular gut-content analysis for testing field caught predators for feeding on plum curculio. During the study we monitored populations of plum curculio and the