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An Oral History with KARL YONEDA

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An Oral History with KARL YONEDA CENTER FOR ORAL AND PUBLIC HISTORY CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, FULLERTON Japanese American Oral History Project An Oral History with KARL YONEDA Interviewed By Ronald C. Larson and Arthur A. Hansen On March 3, 1974 OH 1376.2 This is an edited transcription of an interview conducted for the Center for Oral and Public History, sponsored by California State University, Fullerton. The reader should be aware that an oral history document portrays information as recalled by the interviewee. Because of the spontaneous nature of this kind of document, it may contain statements and impressions that are not factual. The Center for Oral and Public History encourages all researchers to listen to the recording while reading the oral history transcription, as some expressions, verbiage, and intent may be lost in the interpretation from audio to written source. Researchers are welcome to utilize short excerpts from this transcription without obtaining permission as long as proper credit is given to the interviewee, the interviewer, and the Center for Oral and Public History. Permission for extensive use of the transcription and related materials, duplication, and/or reproduction can be obtained by contacting the Center for Oral and Public History, California State University, PO Box 6846, Fullerton CA 92834-6846. Email: [email protected] Copyright © 1974 Center for Oral and Public History California State University, Fullerton O.H. 1353.2 CENTER FOR ORAL AND PUBLIC HISTORY CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, FULLERTON NARRATOR: KARL YONEDA INTERVIEWER: Ronald C. Larson and Arthur A. Hansen DATE: March 3, 1974 LOCATION: San Francisco, California PROJECT: Japanese American RL: This is an interview with Karl Yoneda at his home in San Francisco, California, for the Japanese American Oral History Project [Center for Oral and Public History], California State University, Fullerton. Interviewed by Ronald C. Larson and Arthur A. Hansen on March 3, 1974, at 10 A.M. Mr. Yoneda, I’m interested in finding out about your activities with the newspaper Doho. Perhaps it would be easier if you went back to Rodo Shimbun [Labor News], an earlier Japanese American newspaper, and tell me how you became involved with that paper. KY: Well, when I took over Rodo Shimbun in 1933, it was the organ of the Japanese language section of the Communist Party USA. The paper was published on a monthly basis, and sometimes we used a special edition on a strike that took place in the Sacramento or Fresno areas. The paper continued until 1936, and we couldn’t make any headway. We discussed among ourselves and we decided that our paper, in the progressive nature, would have to change its format as well as its aim. We decided to have a new paper based in a place where most of the Japanese were situated; in this case, Los Angeles. So we decided to move our office to Los Angeles, and we published under the coalition of communists, progressives, and whoever was to support our paper. I relinquished my editorship of the paper. When the paper started publishing in Los Angeles, the first issue was published on January 1, 1937, under the name Zenshin. Zenshin means the march forward. It was under the editorship of Henry Sugimura. Incidentally, we didn’t decide whether we should use his true name, which was Shuji Fujii. Fujii also had the responsibility to publish the paper. In the first issue, the paper asked the readers to submit names for this paper. Besides Zenshin, other names suggested were Toso, which means the struggle; Zensen, which means the front line; and Doho, which means the brotherhood, et cetera. We eventually picked the name Doho because it had more support than the other names submitted by our readers. YONEDA O.H. 1353.2 First they published on a monthly basis. The editorial policy was to cover Japanese political news on the front page as well as page two. That’s the kind of editorial policy that language newspapers published in this country followed. Then pages three and four would be filled with the local news—some of it from farms and canneries—and also, the paper had a space for readers. RL: For letters? KY: Yes. The paper was well-received among Japanese, particularly among working people, the farmworkers, and the others who worked in the shops and stores. RL: What approximately do you think the circulation was? What would be an estimate? KY: I think they published 2,000 copies, same as the Rodo Shimbun. Rodo Shimbun had a circulation of 2,000. Actual subscribers were anywhere from two to three hundred. And the rest of the copies were handled by the paper’s agents in various places in Stockton, Sacramento, Lodi, Fresno, Los Angeles, Seattle, and New York. They either sell them or give them away. But in the case of the Rodo Shimbun, because of the fact that people knew that it was an organ of the Communist Party, it was very hard to push the paper. Some people shied away, you know, “I don’t want the Communist paper.” Well, they were antagonistic toward the Communist Party. Then, also the position of the Communist Party means that they were subject to deportation, so there was a fear among some of them. Generally speaking, our group was very small and we didn’t have a strong mass base among the Japanese communities. But in the case of Doho, it’s a non-communist paper. They tried to push the paper on the coalition basis, and wherever the paper found a place where it could be sold publicly, such as a drugstore or grocery store, these places were willing to generally keep them on the news rack. Whereas the Rodo Shimbun never got this kind of a chance. Then Fujii—the name of Fujii is a sort of, what do you say, regency among the Japanese community, because of the fact that his father is a well-known newspaperman, especially in the San Francisco area. His father used to publish a paper back at the beginning of the 1900s. And his father was quite a newspaperman, a pretty good writer. RL: What was his father’s paper like? KY: Well, the same as the other Japanese language papers: mostly news of Japan. That’s what the Japanese people wanted to read. But the writing style is what many people like. RL: Oh, it can be easily read. KY: Many people said, His son is editing; he’s just as good as his father. So that sort of feeling existed among certain circles, especially among our newspapermen and among some intellectuals. 2 YONEDA O.H. 1353.2 RL: Several of the Doho copies advertised that Doho was the only Japanese language progressive newspaper in the United States. Was that true at that time? KY: Oh, yes, that’s the only one. We carried news of political and social interest and also news for the working people. RL: The Rodo Shimbun had a predecessor, too, didn’t it, the Kaikyu Sen? KY: Yes, the Kaikyu Sen. The first issue of the Kaikyu Sen [Class War] was published by the Japanese Language Association of Los Angeles in 1925. This group’s members were mostly gardeners, farmworkers, restaurant workers, as well as domestic workers. Some of them belonged to the Communist Party, but the others didn’t. Half of the members were Okinawans. Okinawan people were subject to oppression and exploitation by Japanese interests while they were in Okinawa. They had this experience of being exploited so they are more socially conscience of what’s taking place than other Japanese. You find more progressive people among Okinawans; their group membership numbered, I think, about forty to fifty. Kaikyu Sen lasted, I think, three months, then later moved to Berkeley. Then the group of Japanese communists in Berkeley and Oakland, as well as San Francisco, got together and continued to publish Kaikyu Sen under the editorship of Teiichi Kenmotsu, a university graduate. After several issues, the publishing offices were moved to San Francisco, and they changed its name to Zeibei Rodo Shimbun. Zeibei means in the United States. It became an organ of the Japanese Laborers Association of America, and the editor was [Sadaichi] Kenmotsu. This occurred in 1928. Then, in 1930, the name changed to Rodo Shimbun and began publishing in Japanese and English, with Kenmotsu remaining as editor. The number of copies published were 2,000 and it became the organ of the Communist Party Japanese language section on November 10, 1930. About this time Kenmotsu was arrested and ordered to be deported as an undesirable alien communist. And when he was deported in 1931, I think, someone else took over the editing until I came to San Francisco, in 1933, and took over the editorship. RL: I see. So apparently you took his place because he was deported. KY: Yes. I stayed with the paper until 1936. As a matter of fact, the last issue of Rodo Shimbun was issued on December 1, 1936, issue number 172. So it had a long history. Of course, it was edited by different persons, but the policies and the programs were generally the same as in 1925. The only change was that it was made into a mass paper instead of a sectarian, small group paper. RL: Going back, could you tell me a little bit more about Shuji Fujii? His background as far 3 YONEDA O.H. 1353.2 as the movement went, his dealings with Doho, his responsibilities, and what exactly he accomplished with the paper, and his activities after Doho ceased publication. KY: Well, I don’t know his background too well.
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