Panama Canal Bibliography – American Period 1904-1999
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Panama: Political and Economic Conditions and U.S. Relations
Panama: Political and Economic Conditions and U.S. Relations Mark P. Sullivan Specialist in Latin American Affairs November 27, 2012 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL30981 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Panama: Political and Economic Conditions and U.S. Relations Summary With five successive elected civilian governments, the Central American nation of Panama has made notable political and economic progress since the 1989 U.S. military intervention that ousted the regime of General Manuel Antonio Noriega from power. Current President Ricardo Martinelli of the center-right Democratic Change (CD) party was elected in May 2009, defeating the ruling center-left Democratic Revolutionary Party (PRD) in a landslide. Martinelli was inaugurated to a five-year term on July 1, 2009. Martinelli’s Alliance for Change coalition with the Panameñista Party (PP) also captured a majority of seats in Panama’s National Assembly. Panama’s service-based economy has been booming in recent years – with a growth rate of 7.6% in 2010 and 10.6% in 2011 – largely because of the ongoing Panama Canal expansion project, now slated for completion in early 2015. The CD’s coalition with the PP fell apart at the end of August 2011when President Martinelli sacked PP leader Juan Carlos Varela as Foreign Minister. Varela, however, retains his position as Vice President. Tensions between the CD and the PP had been growing throughout 2011, largely related to which party would head the coalition’s ticket for the 2014 presidential election. Despite the breakup of the coalition, the strength of the CD has grown significantly since 2009 because of defections from the PP and the PRD and it now has a majority on its own in the legislature. -
Soil Reconnaissance of the Panama Canal Zone and Contiguous Territory
A \. 3~ ·,9 lli!Sii!ii~uufi~iii II TECHNICAL BuLLETIN No. 9-! J A!\U \RY, 1929 SOIL RECONNAISSANCE OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE AND CONTIGUOUS TERRITORY BY H. H. BENNETT Soil Scientist, Soil I nvestigations, Bureau of Chemistry and Soils U N ITED STAT ES DEPARTMENT OF A GRICULTURE, \ VASIIINGTON, D. c. U S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1929 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010_with funding from Lyrasis Members and Sloan Foundation http://www.archive.org/details/soilreconnaissanOObenn T EcHNICAL BuLLETIN No. 94 j ANUARY, 1929 UNITED STATES DEPARTNIENT OF AGRICULTURE WASHINGTON, D. C. SOIL RECONNAISSANCE OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE AND CONTIGUOUS TERRITORY 1 By H. H. BENNETT SoiZ Scient ist, SoiZ I nvestigat ions, Bureau. of Chentistry and Soils CONTENTS Page Page A rea surveyed-------------------- 1 Soils-Continued. Climate------------------------- 2 Savanna clay---------------- 32 Surface features------------------ 5 Ancon stony cl ay ____________ _ 36 Agriculture __ ___________________ _ 7 Catival clay---------------- 37 Soils---------------------------- 13 Limestone hills--------------- 38 ~1arsh ______________________ _ Frijoles clay---------------- 20 Alluvium_____ _______________ . 38 Gatun clay----------------- 23 38 25 Fills and excaYatcd areas _____ _ 41 Arraijan clay--------------- San Pablo cl ay ______________ _ Blueficlds clay - ------------- 28 Coastal sand ___________ ___ __ _ 42 Paraiso clay----------------- 30 43 Santa Rosa clay _____________ _ 30 Summary----------------- ------- 43 .A.lhajuela clay--------------- 32 L iterature cited _________________ _ 45 AREA SURVEYED The Panama Canal Zone comprises a strip of country 10 miles wide and approximately 45 miles long, lengthwise through the center of ''"hich the Panama Canal has been cut. The canal, about 50 miles long from deep ""ater to deep water, crosses the Isthmus of Panan1a in a southeasterly direction from the Caribbean Sea on the Atlantic side to the Gulf of Panama on the Pacific side. -
Case Study Title
PANAMA – THE MANAGEMENT OF THE PANAMA CANAL WATERSHED (PCW), CASE #5 This case study is about the Panama Canal Watershed, its development in legal, technical and social terms, the problems encountered, and how an Integrated Water Resources Management approach could help it to be managed in a more sustainable way. ABSTRACT Description The Panama Canal Watershed (PCW) was developed when the Panama Canal was constructed (1904-1914). The PCW unites the basins of the Chagres and Grande Rivers into a single hydraulic system. The Chagres and Grande Rivers drain into the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans, respectively. Damming the Chagres River provides water to operate the canal locks. By the mid 1930’s, an additional lake had been created in the upper basin of the Chagres River to increase the water storage capacity of the system. In 1999, the formal limits of the PCW were established by law and segments of the Indio, Caño Sucio and Coclé del Norte River Basins were added. All these rivers drain separately into the Atlantic Ocean to the north-west of the PCW. Under the Panama Canal Treaty (1977) the Republic of Panama was obliged to provide sufficient water for the operation of the Canal and for cities in the area. This led to the creation of several national parks, the promotion of sustainable development activities, and the implementation of base-line studies, all with support from USAID (United States Agency for International Development). A Panama Canal Authority (PCA) was created by Constitutional reform in 1994 which granted legal obligations and rights to manage the PCW. -
Página 2 Periód Ico O Ficial N O. 50 T Ercera S Ección , D Iciem B Re 11 D
Cátalogo de las estaciones de radio y canales de televisión del estado de Tlaxcala Página Emisoras que se ven y escuchan en la entidad 2 Cuenta Obligadas a Transmite Obligadas a Entidades por las que debe autorización suspender Población / Nombre del Frecuencia / Siglas Cobertura Cobertura menos de transmitir la Estado / Frecuencia / Nombre de la Tipo de Tipo de Canal/frecuencia suspender propaganda para N° propaganda Localidad / Medio Régimen concesionario / Siglas Banda Canal señal distrital distrital Cobertura municipal 18 horas pauta de la Domiciliada Canal estación emisora señal señal origen gubernamental en caso de transmitir en guberna- Ubicación permisionario Virtual origen federal local (pauta entidad Proceso Electoral Local ingles o en mental ajustada) alguna lengua Acuamanala de Miguel Hidalgo, Amaxac de Tlaxcala: Guerrero, Apetatitlán de Antonio Carvajal, Puebla: Acajete, Amozoc, Calpan, Apizaco, Atlángatepec, Chiautempan, Contla Chiautzingo, Coronango, de Juan Cuamatzi, Cuaxomulco, Españita, Cuautláncingo, Domingo Arenas, Huamantla, Hueyotlipan, Ixtacuixtla de Huejotzingo, Juan C. Bonilla, Mariano Matamoros, Ixtenco, la Magdalena Nealtican, Ocoyucan, Puebla, San Tlaltelulco, Lázaro Cárdenas, Mazatecochco Andres Cholula, San Felipe de José María Morelos, Muñoz de Domingo Teotlalcingo, San Gregorio Arenas, Nativitas, Panotla, Papalotla de Atzompa, San Jeronimo Xicohtencatl, San Damian Texoloc, San Tecuanipan, San Martin 1, 2, 3, 4, Francisco Tetlánohcan, San Jeronimo Texmelucan, San Matias Voz e Imagen 5, 6, 7, 8, Zacualpan, San José Teacalco, San Juan Tlalancaleca, San Miguel Xoxtla, Concesión Radio 1 Sí Sí Tlaxcala Tlaxcala Radio de Tlaxcala, XETT-AM AM 1430 kHz. Principal Original 1, 2, 3 9, 10, 11, Huactzinco, San Lorenzo Axocomanitla, San San Nicolas de los Ranchos, San Comercial Tlaxcala S.A. -
Listado De Canales Virtuales
LISTADO CANALES VIRTUALES Nacionales 1 Canal Virtual 1 (Azteca Trece) No. POBLACIÓN ESTADO CONCESIONARIO / PERMISIONARIO DISTINTIVO CANAL VIRTUAL 1 AGUASCALIENTES AGUASCALIENTES XHJCM-TDT 1.1 2 ENSENADA XHENE-TDT 1.1 BAJA CALIFORNIA 3 SAN FELIPE XHFEC-TDT 1.1 4 CD. CONSTITUCIÓN XHCOC-TDT 1.1 5 LA PAZ BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR XHAPB-TDT 1.1 6 SAN JOSÉ DEL CABO XHJCC-TDT 1.1 7 CAMPECHE XHGE-TDT 1.1 8 CD. DEL CARMEN CAMPECHE XHGN-TDT 1.1 9 ESCÁRCEGA XHPEH-TDT 1.1 10 ARRIAGA XHOMC-TDT 1.1 11 COMITÁN DE DOMÍNGUEZ XHDZ-TDT 1.1 CHIAPAS 12 SAN CRISTÓBAL DE LAS CASAS XHAO-TDT 1.1 13 TAPACHULA XHTAP-TDT 1.1 14 CD. JIMÉNEZ XHJCH-TDT 1.1 15 CHIHUAHUA XHCH-TDT 1.1 16 CHIHUAHUA XHIT-TDT 1.1 CHIHUAHUA 17 HIDALGO DEL PARRAL XHHPC-TDT 1.1 18 NUEVO CASAS GRANDES XHCGC-TDT 1.1 19 OJINAGA XHHR-TDT 1.1 20 MÉXICO CIUDAD DE MÉXICO XHDF-TDT 1.1 21 CD. ACUÑA XHHE-TDT 1.1 22 MONCLOVA XHHC-TDT 1.1 23 PARRAS DE LA FUENTE COAHUILA XHPFC-TDT 1.1 24 SABINAS XHCJ-TDT 1.1 25 TORREÓN XHGDP-TDT 1.1 26 COLIMA XHKF-TDT 1.1 27 MANZANILLO COLIMA XHDR-TDT 1.1 28 TECOMÁN XHTCA-TDT 1.1 29 CUENCAMÉ XHVEL-TDT 1.1 30 DURANGO XHDB-TDT 1.1 DURANGO 31 GUADALUPE VICTORIA XHGVH-TDT 1.1 32 SANTIAGO PAPASQUIARO TELEVISIÓN AZTECA, S.A. DE C.V. XHPAP-TDT 1.1 33 CELAYA GUANAJUATO XHMAS-TDT 1.1 34 ACAPULCO XHIE-TDT 1.1 35 CHILPANCINGO XHCER-TDT 1.1 36 IGUALA GUERRERO XHIR-TDT 1.1 37 TAXCO DE ALARCÓN XHIB-TDT 1.1 38 ZIHUATANEJO XHDU-TDT 1.1 39 TULANCINGO HIDALGO XHTGN-TDT 1.1 40 GUADALAJARA XHJAL-TDT 1.1 JALISCO 41 PUERTO VALLARTA XHGJ-TDT 1.1 42 JOCOTITLÁN MÉXICO XHXEM-TDT 1.1 43 LÁZARO CÁRDENAS -
Listado Canales Virtuales
LISTADO CANALES VIRTUALES Nacionales 1 Canal Virtual 1 (Azteca 13) No. POBLACIÓN ESTADO CONCESIONARIO / PERMISIONARIO DISTINTIVO CANAL VIRTUAL 1 AGUASCALIENTES AGUASCALIENTES XHJCM-TDT 1.1 2 ENSENADA XHENE-TDT 1.1 BAJA CALIFORNIA 3 SAN FELIPE XHFEC-TDT 1.1 4 CD. CONSTITUCIÓN XHCOC-TDT 1.1 5 LA PAZ BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR XHAPB-TDT 1.1 6 SAN JOSÉ DEL CABO XHJCC-TDT 1.1 7 CAMPECHE XHGE-TDT 1.1 8 CD. DEL CARMEN CAMPECHE XHGN-TDT 1.1 9 ESCÁRCEGA XHPEH-TDT 1.1 10 ARRIAGA XHOMC-TDT 1.1 11 COMITÁN DE DOMÍNGUEZ XHDZ-TDT 1.1 CHIAPAS 12 SAN CRISTÓBAL DE LAS CASAS XHAO-TDT 1.1 13 TAPACHULA XHTAP-TDT 1.1 14 CD. JIMÉNEZ XHJCH-TDT 1.1 15 CHIHUAHUA XHCH-TDT 1.1 16 CHIHUAHUA XHIT-TDT 1.1 CHIHUAHUA 17 HIDALGO DEL PARRAL XHHPC-TDT 1.1 18 NUEVO CASAS GRANDES XHCGC-TDT 1.1 19 OJINAGA XHHR-TDT 1.1 20 MÉXICO CIUDAD DE MÉXICO XHDF-TDT 1.1 21 CD. ACUÑA XHHE-TDT 1.1 22 MONCLOVA XHHC-TDT 1.1 23 PARRAS DE LA FUENTE COAHUILA XHPFC-TDT 1.1 24 SABINAS XHCJ-TDT 1.1 25 TORREÓN XHGDP-TDT 1.1 26 COLIMA XHKF-TDT 1.1 27 MANZANILLO COLIMA XHDR-TDT 1.1 28 TECOMÁN XHTCA-TDT 1.1 29 CUENCAMÉ XHVEL-TDT 1.1 30 DURANGO XHDB-TDT 1.1 DURANGO 31 GUADALUPE VICTORIA XHGVH-TDT 1.1 32 SANTIAGO PAPASQUIARO TELEVISIÓN AZTECA, S.A. DE C.V. XHPAP-TDT 1.1 33 CELAYA GUANAJUATO XHMAS-TDT 1.1 34 ACAPULCO XHIE-TDT 1.1 35 CHILPANCINGO XHCER-TDT 1.1 36 IGUALA GUERRERO XHIR-TDT 1.1 37 TAXCO DE ALARCÓN XHIB-TDT 1.1 38 ZIHUATANEJO XHDU-TDT 1.1 39 TULANCINGO HIDALGO XHTGN-TDT 1.1 40 GUADALAJARA XHJAL-TDT 1.1 JALISCO 41 PUERTO VALLARTA XHGJ-TDT 1.1 42 JOCOTITLÁN MÉXICO XHXEM-TDT 1.1 43 LÁZARO CÁRDENAS XHLCM-TDT -
THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW Number 215 Are in Competitive Jobs With- Mileage Allowance
^) T«f - l-P-03 -G Gift ofthe Panama Canal Museum^ Vol. 5, No. 3 BALBOA HEIGHTS, CANAL ZONE, OCTOBER 1, 1954 5 cents Fearless Foursome TEMPORARY PLAN USED TO COVER VACATION TRAVEL Judging by the avalanche of real and hypothetical questions thrown at the three employees in the Transportation Section of the Administrative Branch, it was fortunate that enactment of the free home leave travel legislation came at the end of the summer vacation season. No subject in many years has stimu- lated more interest or evoked more ques- tions than this. So many inquiries were received by the Transportation Section that a special request was made for em- ployees not planning immediate vacations to delay their questions. The Canal administration moved quick- ly when news was received that President Eisenhower had signed the bill into law. The plan was made effective immediately and employees leaving the next day on the Panama Line were given an oppor- tunity to accept free transportation. The plan is still SLIDING'S FUN and stirs up a breeze on a hot day. These Los Rios youngsters enjoy some of the being operated under equipment at their new play area: Ricky Riesch, Martha Jane Spinney (asked to spell it, she said: "You temporary rules until permanent regula- don't. You say it!"), Madeline Hopson, and Janet Stuart. For more on Canal Zone playgrounds, see tions are formulated. It is expected that page 5. these will be ready for announcement at an early date. First Free Tickets CANAL EMPLOYEES BEGIN TO SEE EFFECTS Travel orders are now being issued for all forms of transportation, and employ- BILL ees leaving today on the S. -
Panama & Colombia
PANAMA & COLOMBIA EXPLORING THE CARIBBEAN COAST A UNIQUELY IN-DEPTH CANAL TRANSIT EXPERIENCE TWO OF THE MOST BIODIVERSE COUNTRIES ON EARTH REWARDING ENCOUNTERS WITH THE PEOPLE OF PARADISE 2021-2022 | EXPEDITIONS.COM Cover: Young mantled howler monkey. © Shutterstock. Above: Guna Yala sunset. © Kike Calvo DEAR TRAVELER, Since the inception of Lindblad Expeditions, we’ve sailed our ships through the Panama Canal and along the region’s wild coast. I’ve always yearned to go even further. Now, thanks to our expanding fleet, we’re able to explore more of this rewarding region, and we have the perfect ship–the 50-cabin National Geographic Quest. The first time we sailed National Geographic Quest through the Panama Canal, our expedition leader gleefully reported back that the top deck of National Geographic Quest turns out to be the perfect height to observe the lock mechanisms at eye level. In fact, the ship gets so close to the locks that we can hear the workers casually chatting back and forth as they lead us through. Compare this to the way most travelers will experience the Canal—enclosed inside a cruise ship, passing binoculars back and forth to get a glimpse of how these historic locks work. Our transit of the Panama Canal is compelling for other reasons, as well. We make the transit over two days, so you can see the inner workings of the locks by day, and dramatically lit at night—enabling you to stand on deck and experience the canal on a tropical evening. It also leaves us time to experience the wildness of the Canal Zone—a surprise to many travelers. -
The Less-Splendid Isolation of the South American Continent
news and update ISSN 1948-6596 commentary The less-splendid isolation of the South American continent Only few biogeographic scenarios capture the im- lower Central America (Costa Rica) and South agination as much as the closure of the Isthmus of America (northern Colombia), and that some Panama. The establishment of this connection snapping shrimp populations were already split ended the “splendid isolation” of the South Amer- long before the Isthmus had finally closed (most ican continent (Simpson 1980), a continent that between 7–10 mya but some >15 mya). Next to had been unconnected to any other land mass for this, several papers showed that plants also mi- over 50 million years. When the Isthmus rose out grated between North and South America prior to of the water some 3 million years ago (mya) the the closure of the Isthmus (e.g., Erkens et al. 2007, Great American Biotic Interchange started. Since Bacon et al. 2013), although for plants it is difficult terrestrial biotic interchange was no longer to rule out that this happened via long-distance blocked by the Central American Seaway, dispersal. Thus, the new findings of Montes and (asymmetrical) invasion of taxa across this new colleagues fit much better with a wealth of evi- land bridge transformed biodiversity in North as dence from the biological realm that has been well as South America (Leigh et al. 2014). Or so amassed over the last years, than the old model of the story goes. a relatively rapid rise of the Isthmus. A recent paper by Montes et al. (2015) casts If the land-bridge was available much earli- further serious doubt on this scenario from a geo- er to many terrestrial organisms, the question that logical perspective. -
Headquarters, Department of the Army
Headquarters, Department of the Army Department of the Army Pamphlet 27-50-386 July 2005 International and Operational Law Foreword Lieutenant Colonel Paul E. Kantwill Stick to the High Ground Colonel Richard B. Jackson “Improving the Fighting Position” A Practitioners Guide to Operational Law Support to the Interrogation Process Lieutenant Colonel Paul E. Kantwill, Captain Jon D. Holdaway, & Geoffrey S. Corn “Snipers in the Minaret―What is the Rule?” The Law of War and the Protection of Cultural Property: A Complex Equation Geoffrey S. Corn Bringing International Agreements Out of the Shadows: Confronting the Challenges of a Changing Force Geoffrey S. Corn & Colonel James A. Schoettler, Jr. Book Review CLE News Current Materials of Interest Editor, Captain Anita J. Fitch Assistant Editor, Captain Colette E. Kitchel Technical Editor, Charles J. Strong The Army Lawyer (ISSN 0364-1287, USPS 490-330) is published monthly submitted via electronic mail to [email protected] or on 3 1/2” by The Judge Advocate General’s Legal Center and School, Charlottesville, diskettes to: Editor, The Army Lawyer, The Judge Advocate General’s Virginia, for the official use of Army lawyers in the performance of their Legal Center and School, U.S. Army, 600 Massie Road, ATTN: ALCS- legal responsibilities. Individual paid subscriptions to The Army Lawyer are ADA-P, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903-1781. Articles should follow The available for $45.00 each ($63.00 foreign) per year, periodical postage paid at Bluebook, A Uniform System of Citation (17th ed. 2000) and Military Charlottesville, Virginia, and additional mailing offices (see subscription form Citation (TJAGLCS, 9th ed. -
The Age of Exploration (Also Called the Age of Discovery) Began in the 1400S and Continued Through the 1600S. It Was a Period Of
Activity 1 of 3 for NTI May 18 - 22 - Introduction to Exploration of North America Go to: https://www.ducksters.com/history/renaissance/age_of_exploration_and_discovery.php Click on the link above to read the article. There is a feature at the bottom that will allow you to have the text read to you, if you want. After you read the article, answer the questions below. You can highlight or bold your answers if completing electronically. I have copied the website text below if you need it. The Age of Exploration (also called the Age of Discovery) began in the 1400s and continued through the 1600s. It was a period of time when the European nations began exploring the world. They discovered new routes to India, much of the Far East, and the Americas. The Age of Exploration took place at the same time as the Renaissance. Why explore? Outfitting an expedition could be expensive and risky. Many ships never returned. So why did the Europeans want to explore? The simple answer is money. Although, some individual explorers wanted to gain fame or experience adventure, the main purpose of an expedition was to make money. How did expeditions make money? Expeditions made money primarily by discovering new trade routes for their nations. When the Ottoman Empire captured Constantinople in 1453, many existing trade routes to India and China were shut down. These trade routes were very valuable as they brought in expensive products such as spices and silk. New expeditions tried to discover oceangoing routes to India and the Far East. Some expeditions became rich by discovering gold and silver, such as the expeditions of the Spanish to the Americas. -
“Because That's What His Consul Had Ordered” : The
Historia Crítica ISSN: 0121-1617 ISSN: 1900-6152 Departamento de Historia, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de los Andes Harvey, Kyle E. “Because That’s What His Consul Had Ordered”: The Chilean Consulate as a Labor Institution in Mendoza, Argentina (1859-1869)* Historia Crítica, no. 80, 2021, April-June, pp. 81-102 Departamento de Historia, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de los Andes DOI: https://doi.org/10.7440/histcrit80.2021.05 Available in: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=81167109005 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System Redalyc More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America and the Caribbean, Spain and Journal's webpage in redalyc.org Portugal Project academic non-profit, developed under the open access initiative 81 “Because That’s What His Consul Had Ordered” : The Chilean Consulate as a Labor Institution in Mendoza, Argentina (1859-1869)❧ Kyle E. Harvey Western Carolina University, United States https://doi.org/10.7440/histcrit80.2021.05 Received: September 30, 2020 / Accepted: January 12, 2021 / Modified: February 18, 2021 How to cite: Harvey, Kyle E. “‘Because That’s What His Consul Had Ordered’: The Chilean Consulate as a Labor Institution in Mendoza, Argentina (1859–1869).” Historia Crítica, n.° 80 (2021): 81-102, doi: https://doi.org/10.7440/histcrit80.2021.05 Abstract. Objective/Context: This article examines the place of the Chilean consulate in conflicts related to control over labor in western Argentina during the 1860s, a decade of national consolidation and economic expansion. It explores how changes in the laboring classes’ experiences and interests in the mid-nineteenth century expressed themselves through the Chilean consulate and the meaning of being Chilean.