How the Isthmus of Panama Put Ice in the Arctic Drifting Continents Open and Close Gateways Between Oceans and Shift Earth’S Climate
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Revised Stratigraphy of Neogene Strata in the Cocinetas Basin, La Guajira, Colombia
Swiss J Palaeontol (2015) 134:5–43 DOI 10.1007/s13358-015-0071-4 Revised stratigraphy of Neogene strata in the Cocinetas Basin, La Guajira, Colombia F. Moreno • A. J. W. Hendy • L. Quiroz • N. Hoyos • D. S. Jones • V. Zapata • S. Zapata • G. A. Ballen • E. Cadena • A. L. Ca´rdenas • J. D. Carrillo-Bricen˜o • J. D. Carrillo • D. Delgado-Sierra • J. Escobar • J. I. Martı´nez • C. Martı´nez • C. Montes • J. Moreno • N. Pe´rez • R. Sa´nchez • C. Sua´rez • M. C. Vallejo-Pareja • C. Jaramillo Received: 25 September 2014 / Accepted: 2 February 2015 / Published online: 4 April 2015 Ó Akademie der Naturwissenschaften Schweiz (SCNAT) 2015 Abstract The Cocinetas Basin of Colombia provides a made exhaustive paleontological collections, and per- valuable window into the geological and paleontological formed 87Sr/86Sr geochronology to document the transition history of northern South America during the Neogene. from the fully marine environment of the Jimol Formation Two major findings provide new insights into the Neogene (ca. 17.9–16.7 Ma) to the fluvio-deltaic environment of the history of this Cocinetas Basin: (1) a formal re-description Castilletes (ca. 16.7–14.2 Ma) and Ware (ca. 3.5–2.8 Ma) of the Jimol and Castilletes formations, including a revised formations. We also describe evidence for short-term pe- contact; and (2) the description of a new lithostratigraphic riodic changes in depositional environments in the Jimol unit, the Ware Formation (Late Pliocene). We conducted and Castilletes formations. The marine invertebrate fauna extensive fieldwork to develop a basin-scale stratigraphy, of the Jimol and Castilletes formations are among the richest yet recorded from Colombia during the Neogene. -
Latest Pliocene Northern Hemisphere Glaciation Amplified by Intensified Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation
ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-020-00023-4 OPEN Latest Pliocene Northern Hemisphere glaciation amplified by intensified Atlantic meridional overturning circulation ✉ Tatsuya Hayashi 1 , Toshiro Yamanaka 2, Yuki Hikasa3, Masahiko Sato4, Yoshihiro Kuwahara1 & Masao Ohno1 1234567890():,; The global climate has been dominated by glacial–interglacial variations since the intensifi- cation of Northern Hemisphere glaciation 2.7 million years ago. Although the Atlantic mer- idional overturning circulation has exerted strong influence on recent climatic changes, there is controversy over its influence on Northern Hemisphere glaciation because its deep limb, North Atlantic Deep Water, was thought to have weakened. Here we show that Northern Hemisphere glaciation was amplified by the intensified Atlantic meridional overturning cir- culation, based on multi-proxy records from the subpolar North Atlantic. We found that the Iceland–Scotland Overflow Water, contributing North Atlantic Deep Water, significantly increased after 2.7 million years ago and was actively maintained even in early stages of individual glacials, in contrast with late stages when it drastically decreased because of iceberg melting. Probably, the active Nordic Seas overturning during the early stages of glacials facilitated the efficient growth of ice sheets and amplified glacial oscillations. 1 Division of Environmental Changes, Faculty of Social and Cultural Studies, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan. 2 School of Marine Resources and Environment, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan. 3 Department of Earth Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 1-1, Naka 3-chome, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530, Japan. 4 Department of Earth ✉ and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. -
The Less-Splendid Isolation of the South American Continent
news and update ISSN 1948-6596 commentary The less-splendid isolation of the South American continent Only few biogeographic scenarios capture the im- lower Central America (Costa Rica) and South agination as much as the closure of the Isthmus of America (northern Colombia), and that some Panama. The establishment of this connection snapping shrimp populations were already split ended the “splendid isolation” of the South Amer- long before the Isthmus had finally closed (most ican continent (Simpson 1980), a continent that between 7–10 mya but some >15 mya). Next to had been unconnected to any other land mass for this, several papers showed that plants also mi- over 50 million years. When the Isthmus rose out grated between North and South America prior to of the water some 3 million years ago (mya) the the closure of the Isthmus (e.g., Erkens et al. 2007, Great American Biotic Interchange started. Since Bacon et al. 2013), although for plants it is difficult terrestrial biotic interchange was no longer to rule out that this happened via long-distance blocked by the Central American Seaway, dispersal. Thus, the new findings of Montes and (asymmetrical) invasion of taxa across this new colleagues fit much better with a wealth of evi- land bridge transformed biodiversity in North as dence from the biological realm that has been well as South America (Leigh et al. 2014). Or so amassed over the last years, than the old model of the story goes. a relatively rapid rise of the Isthmus. A recent paper by Montes et al. (2015) casts If the land-bridge was available much earli- further serious doubt on this scenario from a geo- er to many terrestrial organisms, the question that logical perspective. -
Carlos Fernando De Gracia
Carlos Fernando De Gracia Institutional Address Department of Paleontology, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Geography and Astronomy University of Vienna Althanstraße 14 / 2A323 1090 Vienna, Austria Phone number Office: +43-1-4277-53530 Personal: +43-677-63736404 e-Mail [email protected] ____________________________________________________________________________ Personal Information ORCID id 0000-0003-0637-3302 Date of birth 2th March, 1986 Place of birth Panama City, Panama Nationality. Panamanian ____________________________________________________________________________ Formal Education 2015 - 2017 Master in Geology, specific field: Geobiology Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Thesis: Fossil Istiophorids (Perciformes, Istiophoridae) from the Chagres Formation, Panama Year of degree: 2017 Advisor: Tomás Přikryl Co-advisor: Carlos Alberto Jaramillo Scholarship from: Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports, Czech Republic 2004 - 2010 B. Sc. in Biology, specific field: animal biology Universidad de Panamá, Panama City, Panama Thesis: Structure of benthic communities on the pacific coast of Panama and Costa Rica during the formastion of Central American Ithmus, Year of degree: 2010 Advisors: Aaron O’Dea, Luis D´Croz 2014 - 2015 Improvement Course in Czech Language Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Scholarship from: Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports ____________________________________________________________________________ Complementary Education 2011 - 2011 Postgraduate Course in Tropical -
Consequences of Shoaling of the Central American Seaway Determined from Modeling Nd Isotopes P
Consequences of shoaling of the Central American Seaway determined from modeling Nd isotopes P. Sepulchre, T. Arsouze, Yannick Donnadieu, J.-C. Dutay, C. Jaramillo, J. Le Bras, E. Martin, C. Montes, A. Waite To cite this version: P. Sepulchre, T. Arsouze, Yannick Donnadieu, J.-C. Dutay, C. Jaramillo, et al.. Consequences of shoaling of the Central American Seaway determined from modeling Nd isotopes. Paleoceanography, American Geophysical Union, 2014, 29 (3), pp.176-189. 10.1002/2013PA002501. hal-02902783 HAL Id: hal-02902783 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02902783 Submitted on 5 Jan 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. PUBLICATIONS Paleoceanography RESEARCH ARTICLE Consequences of shoaling of the Central American 10.1002/2013PA002501 Seaway determined from modeling Nd isotopes Key Points: P. Sepulchre1, T. Arsouze1,2, Y. Donnadieu1, J.-C. Dutay1, C. Jaramillo3, J. Le Bras1, E. Martin4, • Model/data comparison of epsilon Nd 5 4 suggests a shallow CAS during the C. Montes , and A. J. Waite Miocene 1 ’ • CAS throughflow depends -
Redalyc.VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY in CENTRAL
Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Sistema de Información Científica Lucas, Spencer G. VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY IN CENTRAL AMERICA: 30 YEARS OF PROGRESS Revista Geológica de América Central, , 2014, pp. 139-155 Universidad de Costa Rica San José, Costa Rica Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=45433963013 Revista Geológica de América Central, ISSN (Printed Version): 0256-7024 [email protected] Universidad de Costa Rica Costa Rica How to cite Complete issue More information about this article Journal's homepage www.redalyc.org Non-Profit Academic Project, developed under the Open Acces Initiative Revista Geológica de América Central, Número Especial 2014: 30 Aniversario: 139-155, 2014 DOI: 10.15517/rgac.v0i0.16576 ISSN: 0256-7024 VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY IN CENTRAL AMERICA: 30 YEARS OF PROGRESS PALEONTOLOGÍA DE VERTEBRADOS EN AMÉRICA CENTRAL: 30 AÑOS DE PROGRESO Spencer G. Lucas New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, 1801 Mountain Road N. W., Albuquerque, New Mexico 87104 USA [email protected] (Recibido: 7/08/2014; aceptado: 10/10/2014) ABSTRACT: Vertebrate paleontology began in Central America in 1858 with the first published records, but the last 30 years have seen remarkable advances. These advances range from new localities, to new taxa to new analyses of diverse data. Central American vertebrate fossils represent all of the major taxonomic groups of vertebrates—fishes, amphibians, reptiles (especially turtles), birds and mammals (mostly xenarthrans, carnivores and ungulates)—but co- verage is very uneven, with many groups (especially small vertebrates) poorly represented. The vertebrate fossils of Central America have long played an important role in understanding the great American biotic interchange. -
The Age of Exploration (Also Called the Age of Discovery) Began in the 1400S and Continued Through the 1600S. It Was a Period Of
Activity 1 of 3 for NTI May 18 - 22 - Introduction to Exploration of North America Go to: https://www.ducksters.com/history/renaissance/age_of_exploration_and_discovery.php Click on the link above to read the article. There is a feature at the bottom that will allow you to have the text read to you, if you want. After you read the article, answer the questions below. You can highlight or bold your answers if completing electronically. I have copied the website text below if you need it. The Age of Exploration (also called the Age of Discovery) began in the 1400s and continued through the 1600s. It was a period of time when the European nations began exploring the world. They discovered new routes to India, much of the Far East, and the Americas. The Age of Exploration took place at the same time as the Renaissance. Why explore? Outfitting an expedition could be expensive and risky. Many ships never returned. So why did the Europeans want to explore? The simple answer is money. Although, some individual explorers wanted to gain fame or experience adventure, the main purpose of an expedition was to make money. How did expeditions make money? Expeditions made money primarily by discovering new trade routes for their nations. When the Ottoman Empire captured Constantinople in 1453, many existing trade routes to India and China were shut down. These trade routes were very valuable as they brought in expensive products such as spices and silk. New expeditions tried to discover oceangoing routes to India and the Far East. Some expeditions became rich by discovering gold and silver, such as the expeditions of the Spanish to the Americas. -
Pliocene Oceanic Seaways and Global Climate Cyrus Karas1,2,3,4, Dirk Nürnberg3, André Bahr5, Jeroen Groeneveld6, Jens O
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Pliocene oceanic seaways and global climate Cyrus Karas1,2,3,4, Dirk Nürnberg3, André Bahr5, Jeroen Groeneveld6, Jens O. Herrle1,2, Ralf Tiedemann7 & Peter B. deMenocal4 receie: 10 une 201 Tectonically induced changes in oceanic seaways had profound efects on global and regional climate accepte: 28 oemer 201 during the Late Neogene. The constriction of the Central American Seaway reached a critical threshold uise: 0 anuar 2017 during the early Pliocene ~4.8–4 million years (Ma) ago. Model simulations indicate the strengthening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) with a signature warming response in the Northern Hemisphere and cooling in the Southern Hemisphere. Subsequently, between ~4–3 Ma, the constriction of the Indonesian Seaway impacted regional climate and might have accelerated the Northern Hemisphere Glaciation. We here present Pliocene Atlantic interhemispheric sea surface temperature and salinity gradients (deduced from foraminiferal Mg/Ca and stable oxygen isotopes, δ18O) in combination with a recently published benthic stable carbon isotope (δ13C) record from the southernmost extent of North Atlantic Deep Water to reconstruct gateway-related changes in the AMOC mode. After an early reduction of the AMOC at ~5.3 Ma, we show in agreement with model simulations of the impacts of Central American Seaway closure a strengthened AMOC with a global climate signature. During ~3.8–3 Ma, we suggest a weakening of the AMOC in line with the global cooling trend, with possible contributions from the constriction of the Indonesian Seaway. Te tectonic closure history of the Central American Seaway (CAS) is complex and a long lasting process that started during the latest Oligocene and early Miocene1. -
Volcanic Growth 'Critical' to the Formation of Panama 5 February 2019, by Michael Bishop
Volcanic growth 'critical' to the formation of Panama 5 February 2019, by Michael Bishop the collision of two of Earth's tectonic plates—the South American Plate and the Caribbean Plate—which pushed underwater volcanoes up from the sea floor and eventually forced some areas above sea level. However, new geochemical and geochronological data taken from the Panama Canal and field investigation of old volcanoes in this area have provided evidence that there was significant volcanic activity taking place during a critical phase of the emergence of the Isthmus of Panama around 25 million years ago. The growth of volcanoes in the Panama Canal area is thought to have been particularly significant for the formation of the Isthmus because the Canal Credit: CC0 Public Domain was constructed in a shallow area of Panama, which is believed to have remained underwater for the major part of the geological history of the region. It is a thin strip of land whose creation kick-started one of the most significant geological events in the This suggests that the formation of the volcanoes past 60 million years. along the Canal could have played an important role in the rise of the Isthmus above sea level. Yet for scientists the exact process by which the Isthmus of Panama came into being still remains Scientists are keen to discover exactly how the largely contentious. Isthmus of Panama formed given its significant role in shaping both weather patterns and biodiversity In a new study published today in the journal across the world. Scientific Reports, scientists from Cardiff University have proposed that the Isthmus was born not Before a landmass existed between North and solely from tectonic process, but could have also South America, water had moved freely between largely benefited from the growth of volcanoes. -
Fracturing of the Panamanian Isthmus During
Fracturinggg of the Panamanian Isthmus during initial collision with South America David W. Farris Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science e-mail:il [email protected] i@f d Abstract Tectonic collision between South America and Panama began at 23-25 Ma. This is significant because the collision ultimately led to development of the Panamanian Isthmus,, which in-turn had wide ranginggg oceanic, , climatic, , biologic g and tectonic implications. Within the Panama Canal Zone, volcanic activity transitioned from hydrous mantle -wedge derived arc magmatism to localized extensional arc magmatism at 24 Ma, and overall marks a permanent transition in arc evolution. We interpret this change to result from fracturing of the Panama block during initial collision with South America. Fracturingg, of the Panama block led to localized crustal extension, normal faulting, sedimentary basin formation and extensional magmatism in the Canal Basin and Bocas del Toro. Toro Synchronous with this change, change both Panama and inboard South America experienced a broad episode of exhumation indicated by (U-Th)/He and fission-track thermochronology coupled with changing geographic patterns of sedimentaryyp deposition in the Colombian Eastern Cordillera and Llanos basin. Such observations allow for construction of a new tectonic model of the South America- Panama collisioncollision, northern Andes uplift and Panama orocline formationformation. FinallyFinally, synchronicity of Panama arc chemical changes and linked uplift indicates onset of collision and Isthmus formation began earlier than commonly assumed. Introduction Traditionally, the Isthmus of Panama is interpreted to have completely separated the CCaribbean ibb SSea and d PPacific ifi OOcean bby 3-35M3.5 Ma ( KiKeigwin i, 19781978; O’Dea O’D et al., l 2007)2007), and d iis widelyyp speculated to result from collision between South America and the Panama block (Trenkamp et al., 2002; Coates et al., 2004) (Fig. -
VASCO NUNEZ BALBOA Reason for Sailing
VASCO NUNEZ BALBOA Reason for Sailing Vasco Balboa was a Spanish explorer who admired Christopher Columbus. Like Christopher Columbus he wanted to sail to the “New World”. However, unlike Christopher Columbus who wanted to find a water route to Asia Vasco Balboa wanted to find gold so he could become wealthy. Route Taken and Obstacles Faced When he arrived in Santo Domingo, which is in South America, Balboa tried to make a living as a farmer, but was not successful. While in his new home Native Americans told Balboa about a "great sea". Balboa believed the land where the sea was located would contain large amounts of gold. Balboa became determined to find this sea. Balboa began his journey to the sea by crossing the Isthmus of Panama. It took him three weeks to cross through the thick jungles of Panama. After hacking his way through the jungle Balboa was still not able to see the Pacific Ocean until he climbed a mountain peak. Major Accomplishment(s) When Balboa finished his journey he found he had reached the Pacific Ocean. Balboa became the first European to see the Pacific Ocean. Once there he claimed the ocean and all the land that it touched for Spain. While at the Pacific Ocean Balboa found the treasures he hoped would be there. He spent months collecting pearls and gold to send back to Spain. Unfortunately for Balboa he was accused of treason by an enemy and was beheaded. Notes from Clip JOHN CABOT Sailed for England Reasons for Sailing John Cabot was an English explorer who was sent to explore the "New World" by King Henry VII. -
The Panama Canal Review Our Cover
COLLECTIOM Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from University of Florida, George A. Smathers Libraries http://www.archive.org/details/panamacanalrevie1976pana Of JL« CANAL EVIE CENTENNIAI EDITION 1976 I -.''• V From the Governor of the fanal Zone on the 200th anniversary of the United States Governor Harold R. Parfitt IN 1976, AS WE CELEBRATE nental Divide; constructing the largest This outstanding record was made the Bicentennial of the United earth dam ever built up to that time; possible by a dedicated work force States, the construction of the Panama designing and building the most of Americans and Panamanians, who - Canal stands out as one of the greatest massive canal locks ever envisioned; continue today, as the} have done milestones in the history of the nation. constructing the largest gates ever in the past, to operate this vital swung; conquering devastating utility for the benefit of all the It not only opened the way for landslides; and solving environmental nations of the world. westward expansion, it also gave the and health problems of enormous maritime world one of its most proportions. important links in the lanes of international commerce. As we look back over 200 years of history, it is fitting that we pay tribute Among the great peaceful endeavors to the builders of the Canal, to those of mankind that have contributed men and women of many nationalities significantly to progress in the world, whose initiative, determination, and the construction of the Canal stands devotion to duty were responsible for as an awe-inspiring achievement. its successful completion.