1911. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 525

Ry Mr. ?r!AGUIRE of Nebraskn: Petition of residents of OANA.DIAN RECIPROCITY DILL. gm~~a~~~irt~~~g~~;! ~~~ 0~f~s.placed on the free list; Mr. UNDERWOOD. l\!r. Speaker, I move that the House By Mr. MOTT: Petition of Herbert F. Hn.gn.dorn and others resolve itself into the Committee of the Whole House on the of Carthage, N. Y., and Martin Nolan and others of Rainsville' state of the Union for the further consideration of the bill N. Y., against Canadian reciprocity; to the Oomr:iittee on Way~ H. R. 4412, a bill to promote reciprocal trade reln.tions with and Ueans. the Dominion of Canada. By Mr. O'SHA.UNESSY: Resolution of Carpenters' District The motion was agreed to. ' C ·1 p ·cl R I Accordingly the House resolved itself into the Committee ounci ' rO"n ence, · ·• to repeal the 10-cent tax on oleo- of the Whole House on the state of the Union for the further margarine ; to the Committee on Agriculture. By Mr. SAilATH: Resolution of New Orleans Cotton Ex:- consideration of the bill H. R. 4412, the Oa.nn.diun reciprocity change, fayoring the placing on the free list of all bagging and bill, with Mr. SHERLEY in the chair. ties used in the baling of cotton; to the Committee on Ways and Mr. McCALL. Mr. Chairman, in arising to close the debate in l\feans. behalf of those l\fembers upon this side of the IIousc who believe AJso, resolntion of Chamber of Commerce and Manufacturers' in the policy of the present bill, I desire to say that I think the ~ul>, Buffalo, N. Y., farnring Canadian reciprocity; to the Com- ::;rouse is to be congratulated upon the illuminating discussion to mtttee on Wnys and l\leans. which it has had an opportunity to listen. The speeches delivered .AJso, resolutions of Irish-American and German-American so- upon both sides of the question and upon both sides of the aisle cieties .of N?':' .York! which have also been indorsed by their have been worthy of the subject-a subject which, as was said resp e cti~e d~ n s10ns m K:msas City, Mo., protesting against a by the gentleman from Illinois yesterday, is one of the most im­ new arb1trat10n treaty with Great Britain. to the Committee on portant ever before the American Congress. The bill has impor· Foreign Affairs. ' tant international aspects and features of an economic character By Mr. STFJ>HENS of California : Petition of board of di- that call for the careful consideration of e\ery :Member. It rectors of the produce exchange of Los Angeles, and the mem- does not ID!lke un appeal for tile use of the heroics of the hust­ bers thereof, i1rotesting against the pnssage of Senate bill TG4D, ings, but for the best thought each one of us is capable of giv­ whercby the time of carrying butter, eggs, ancl i1oultry in cold ing it. storage is to be limited to 90 days; to the Committee on .Agri- I listened with great interest to the speech of the gentleman culture. from Maine [Mr. Hnms]-the first speech that he llas had an By Mr. SULZER: Petition of Sprntts Patent, America. (Ltd.), opportunity to

Now, it is argued against this bill-and I do not propose to wonderful agricultural State, during the last decade lost in weary the House with a repetition of the statistics we haYe population. Does that mean that it declined in prosperity? heard-that just as the opening up of the Western States de­ Not at all. It is one of the greatest, and is destined to continue pressed agriculture in New England so the opening up of our to be one of the greatest, and richest agricultural regions in markets to Cauadian produce will have the same effect upon the world. But young men have gone from Iowa because they the agriculture of the country, and especially upon the agricul­ could get more land in Canada than at home. The land of their ture of'the West. There is no similarity whatever between the own State was all taken up. Suppose they shall found upon the two cases. From 1870 to 1890, you will remember, we built eastern slopes of the Canadian Rockies a newer and a fairer railroads simply for the sake of building railroads. We threw, Iowa? Who is there who will not wish them Godspeed? [Ap­ ·ometimes in a single year, many thousands of miles of railroad plause.] They go there to win their fortunes, just as their across the most fertile land on the face of the globe, land that fathers made their fortunes, by selling in the open markets of was uninhabited. Railroads went in advance of ci"vilization, the world; and if they deserve to prosper and if the country and in order to get business they sent their agents all over is so favorable to agriculture, they will repeat the prosperity 1'Juro11e stimulating immigration; and it so happened that the of their fatllers. financial and commercial depression from 1873 to 1878 threw The gentleman from Maine [Mr. HINDS], in the course of his hundreds of thousands of men out of employment in the East speech, alluded to the agricultural conditions in Germany, and nnd they found places upon the western farms. We had brought to the fact that Bismarck established agricultural duties there. uucler cultiYation, and their produce thrown upon our markets I fancy tllat Bismarck did not establish agricultural duties so almost, as it were, in a day, great and fertile States of this much for the sake of agriculture as to placate the powerful Union, and in order to permit the farmers to live the railroads agrarian element and establish generalJy in Germany the policy ga rn them unnaturally low rates to the markets of the country of protection. But they have bad, ever since the time of Bis­ and to those abroad. marck, high protection upon agricultural products in Germany. It was said by Prof. l\Ieyer that a bushel of wheat could Let us see what the effect has been. There is this singular be carried more cheaply from Chicago to Liverpool than from law, pointed out by Prof. Fawcett, of CambriUge University, Budapest to Prague, a distance in a straight line of only 175 England, that while in a great many articles of common use the miles. A man in Illinois could get into the markets of Boston demand does not increase the price, yet in the case of agricul­ more cheaply than a man who li"red in Worcester County in tural products the demand does increase the price, and he reached Massachusetts. The result of this abnormally low rate was that conclusion upon a line of argument something like this: practically to transport the prairies of the West into the suburbs A man may be producing manufactures of cotton or flax or of New York and Boston. And, of course, agriculture was de­ some other article in which labor is the chief element of pro­ pressed in New England, not merely from that circumstance, duction, and if there is a demand for twice as many goods of the but because of the conditions there which were adverse to agri­ kind he makes, he doubles the size of his factory and can manu­ culture as it was then conducted. facture even more cheaply than he could before. But in a I saw agriculture not only in the West, but when I was a counh·y like Germany, which normally supports its population, young boy my father sent me to New England to school, and I when you come to increase that population under the stimulus had an opportunity there to see how they farmed in New Eng­ of protection, by building up great manufacturing cities and land. In the West a farmer could turn a furrow for a mile, making a strain upon the resources of the soil, there is a if his farm went that far, without taking his hand from the greater demand for agricultural produce than the farmer nor­ plow; but in New England the farmer would urge his horses, and rnalJy has raised. Now, there are in every country some lands more often his oxen, for a few feet and then woulu have to that ordinarily are not cultivated because prices do not make it turn out for a stump or stone. [Laughter.] He would try profitable to cultiYate them. They are called valueless, but to i::elect smooth little patches upon the hillside. While a New when you raise the price of farm products it pays to till the England hillside, with its alternation of little rye fields and best of these lands, and the higher the price the poorer the cornfields and pasture and meadow and woodland, presents a land it will pay to cultivate. There is an "oscillating margin," \ery beautiful mosaic to the eye, it certainly is not fayorable to upon which you may or may not be able profitably to raise agriculture. [Laughter.] And it was inevitable that under farm produce, according as farm produce is high or low. The the adverse natural conditions and with the antiquated methods man who cultivates must get prices that will warrant him in which the New England farmers employed they could not com­ doing so. These prices enable the man who has fertile land pete with the rich and fertile prairie lands of the West. to make still more money, and the increased demand for agri­ Now, how is it with Canada? Why, there is, as I have said, cultural produce drives people into the cultivation of lands no parallel between the two cases. Chnmplain laid the founda­ previously unprofitable, and in order to induce them to do it tions of Port Royal and Quebec before the Pilgrims landed they must of necessity be paid a higher price for their produce. upon Plymouth Rock. That country is as old as this country. Kow, let us sec what has happened in Germany, which rcln­ For 150 years it has been a part of the wealthiest empire in tiYely to us has a very large population per square mile and the world, and yet to-day it has less than 8,000,000 people, and which, with a growing population, has had high protection in instead of capitalists putting in their money, thrusting rail­ agriculture for a great many yenrs. The growing demnnd for roads across the cold fields of Canada, Canada has been com­ foodstuffs has greatly increased prices. I noticed the other pelled largely to build her railroads out of her own treasury, day an address made by the chancellor of the German Empire, nnd although she has given enormous land grants and vast who is a rigid nnd uncompromising protectionist. At a meeting sums of money she to-day has only about 25,000 miles of rail­ of the National Society of Agriculture he said: roads in the whole Dominion. I nm especially grateful to the president­ Canada has not the slightest advantage over the West in fer­ That is, the president of that society- tility or in aptitude for agriculture. The adrnntage is all the for his frank atlmiRsion that the prices of m11ny farm products hnve in other way. Tlle part of Canada gentlemen fear is a country of the past year reached an unhealthy height, burclcoing in a tleploral>le a single crop. A single crop will sack the soil. The farms in manner a great number of people. the Canadian northwest are scarcely habitable for a good many That comes from the chancellor of the German Empire with months in the year. Agriculture in our West can be carried reference to this artificial increase in the price of food. Ho on under far better conditions than there. declares that it burdens in a deplorable manner a great number The lands there are not so cheap as they were in the West of people. when it was settled. Rich prairie land sold in the United States Let us look further at the situation in Germany. The agra­ for $5 and less an acre. I happen to know a case where a very rian element there, who own the land, are a very powerful intelligent business man of New England desired to buy a half clement. They not only enjoy high and unnatural prices for tlrn section of unbroken land for each of his two sons. He bought common articles of food, but they have great i1ower in directing it nearly two years ago, selecting it with great judgment and the German Empire. As you all know, the State owns the rail­ care, and he was compelled to pay the Canadian Pacific Rail­ roads. At a certain time of the year the sugar-bearing lands road Co. $25 an acre, and another young man bought some land a.long the Elbe make special demands for agricultural labor, two weeks afterwards and it had risen to $30 an acre; and that and so it used to be the custom at that time of the year fOr prairie land has since been going up in price. These yotmg gen­ laborers living along the Oder to go nnd help in the harvest of tlemen who started out to build their fortunes found that they these sugar-bearing lands, where they would get better wages, had to pay a very high price for their horses, had to hire a man and then when the harvesting was over to come back again. to look after their farms in the winter, began with a drought The German railroads gave them excursion rates. Those agra­ and a poor crop, and at the present time they still haye their rians who lived along the Oder made a complaint to the German fortunes to acquire. GoYernment in effect that they had u natural right to employ But suppose our young men do go to Canada, and many of the labor of their locality, and that for the Government to give them have already gone there. Why, the State of Iowa, that these laborers excursion -rates made it necessary for the agra- 1911.. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 527

rians to pay highe11' wages to their men; and although the min­ than Canada, can be a part of the same agricultural domain ister of finance admitted that it was u good thing for the Ger­ and can compete with Kansas and Iowa and Oklahoma and muu laborer, although it gave him more money temporarily, those wonderfully rich lands toward the South, lands as fertile although it enabled an untraveled clnss to get away from home as those in Campania, where, as Virgil said- and to see another part of the Empire· and have their outlook Summer borrows· months beyond her own ; bro ~dc ned., yet the Government yielded to the demand of the Twice the teeming flocks are fruitful, agrarian element and refused longer to sell the excursion tickets. Twice the la.den orchards groan.- The gentleman from :Haine [Mr. Hrnns] alluded to the law if North Dakota can compete with lands like those, what has called the Gregory King law, by which he showed that as the she to fear from the more frosty. Alberta.? What has Minne­ supply of an article of common use increased at an arithmetical sota to fear frnm Manitoba when: she can prosper side by sicle ratio, the price clecreascd at practicaRy a geometrical ratio. with Iowa and Nebraska? That is, you increase the surplus of a necessary article and The debate has been chiefly about the farmer, and I haye you depress the price out of all proportion to the amount by wonderecl wh.ether he was really so much agitated over this which you increase the surplus. It rcn.dily occurred to me that bill n.s we have been led to believe. I have wondered, since in thore is a reycrse to that law, and the other side is illustrated 1865 patriotism was the pretext which certain great interests in the case of Germany. If you decrease below the natural employed to terminate the Elgin treaty, whether after all there demand the supply of nn article of common use in an arith­ was not something masked behind the farmer here. People metical ratio, you increase the price of that article in prac­ have been industriously sending telegrams to Members. EYi­ tically a geometrical ratio. [.Applause.] I think there is no dently there has been a great campaign of cclucation, and the esc::ipc from that conclusion. suspicion that the farmer was being put where he did not-de­ Then about the static equilibrium of which he spoke, in na- serve to be has reminded me of that old fort near Pnnama. . tions between agriculture and manufactures. It is a very good which was captured from the Spaniards by Morgan and his thing if you can secure the equilibrium naturally, but it is a buccaneers, and it is said the wny they captured it was to drive very bad thing to pay too much for it. Suppose there is a in advance of their charging columns the nuns and the sisters of nation that has coal mines, iron mines, water powers, great charity. The Spaniards did not wish to fire upon these good facilities for manufacturing, and a poor soil. Is it wise for her women and so the buccaneers captured the fortress. [Applause to take her people from the operation of the great natural re­ and laughter.] I do not wish to say thut there have been any sources and facilities for manufacturing with which she has other gentlemen behind the ..American farmer, but I hav-e had been blessed and put them to the cultivation of an infertile just a suspicion that there were some interests behind him soil? Is it not better for them to work the mines, to build up pushing him to the front to take the brunt of the fire or to manufactures, and exchange their products with some other silence it. nation that does not have these resources but has a fertile soil? But this whole question revol\es about wheat, and it seems to Carry it out to extremes on this theory and every household me that we can decide it upon wheat alone. I think there is no should maintain an equilibrium, and each should have its own doubt that in any country which exports a consideruble surplus blacksmith, its own shoemaker, and its own spinner. The law o! wheat the price is fixed in the market that takes the surplus. of modern trade is for men and nations to do the things they We have been for many years one of the great granaries of the are best fitted to do and to exchange products with each other. world, selling in the open market, and our wheat has sold on n. [Applause.] parity and is selling to-day on a parity, freights being adjusted, I paid close attention to the argument of the gentleman from with the wheat of Argentina, of Australia, of Canada, of India, Maine, because I have a high respect for him and because I and Russia. Although it would seem hardly necessary to quote was greatly attracted by his speech. There is one other thing an authority upon so clear a proposition, I have here Prof. to which I wish to call attention. He referred to the British Dond.linger's interesting book on wheat. He has evidently writ­ tariff commission, and quoted them as in favor, practically, of ten with great sympathy for the farmer, and he lays down this reenacting the corn laws. That would strike an ordinary man proposftion : as nn admission almost from the Cobden Club itself in favor of As soon as a country fias a surplus for export and recel-vcs more for the policy which the gentleman from Maine was advocating. exported wheat than the home price, plus the exporting, the export will I thought from its name, as very likely the gentleman from increase, the home price will rise, production will increase, and the price is no longer fixed within the country. The country which buys Maine thought, that it must be a royal commission, or if not the export may thus fix the price of wheat for the country which pro­ a royal commission it must be a sort of Government commis­ duces it. • • • It is as a consumer of the world surplus that Eng­ sion. I have looked it up, and in Hazell's Annual, which land has held a position of such commanding importance in fixing the tells you briefly everything about the Empire, you will find the price of wheat. British Tariff Commission tabulated with other similar organi· Gentlemen present here some discrepancies in the price of zations. On the one side it frankly states the organizations wheat upon one side of the line and· the other. I can find simi­ against Mr. Chamberlain's proposal, which was to tax food com­ lar discrepancies between neighboring towns in South Dakota. ing into England, and there we have the Free Trade League and It depends upon elevator facilities, it depends upon competition the Cobden Club and others. Ih the other column they have in buying, and you can find those differences in towns in the catalogued the organi.zn.tions for Mr. ·Chamberlain's proposal, same State. They are simply little backward whirls and eddies, and among them is the tariff commission, established by Joseph that you will find in the most rapid onrushing stream. They Chamberlain in the beginning of 1904 in order to push along are simply the exceptions that prove the rule. his particular ideas. That is practically the protective-tariff The man in North Dakota does not compete with the man league of the British Empire, and if you read the names you a.cross the line in Manitoba directly, but he competes with him will find there a collection of gentlemen, some of them very 4,000 miles away in the Liverpool market. We ha.Ye an ex­ comfortable manufacturers, who are deeply concerned, as arc portable surplus of something like 100,000,000 bushels a year, the manufacturers in this country, for the poor farmer. [Laugh­ and Canada has an exportable surplus of, perhaps, half that ter and applause.] amount, and those surpluses are both t::µi:en by the Liverpool I could construct- a tariff commission like that here, and it market. It makes no difference whether the wheat is swept would be a commission of more eminent abillty. I would put from Canadian or- American thrashing floors, when it goes to the gentleman from Illinois [l\fr. CANNON], my distinguished, Liverpool, according to its quality, one kind brings the same and I may say my illustrious, friend at the head; I would put price as the other. And so we witness this spectacle on ac­ the gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. DALZELL] upon it-; I count of the high tariff wall; we see these two broad, golden would give a place upon it to the gentleman from Michigan rivers of wheat flowing in parallel lines upon either side of the [.l\fr. FonDNEY] ; nnd then r would add to it the secretary of the boundary and seeking the level of a common market. It seems American Protective Tariff League and of the Home M'arket to me quite beyond our capn:city to understand that any other Club of Massachusetts. And we should have u fine collection- of law can operate where we export such an enormous "Volume of gentlemen, of great ability and great knowledge; but if I wanted this necessary article, not controlled by a trust, than that the to hold forth anything they said in favor of protection as an ad­ price is fixed in the country which takes the surplus-. mission of an ancient enemy to protection I think some of our Let us take the reverse of that, and we haye an illustration to narrow-minded partisans on the other side would reserve the prove the truth of this rule. Take sugar. We do not produce right to object. [Laughter and applause.] as much sugur as we consume. We consume some 3,500,000 This whole discussion hus revolved about the price of wheat. tons every year, and we need to import a great deal from the But first I wish to say a word about the price of land. I do outside world. Some yenrs ago we had before this House · a not think the effect of this legislation is going to be to decrease proposition to give a preferential duty of 20 per cent to Cuban the price- of land, but to keep it from going up too rapidly in sugar over other sugars. It was ullegcd here that the Cubans, value. So far a-s competition with Canada is concerned,. if for whom we designed this arrangement, would get no benefit North Dakota, which has 11 longer summer· and a shorter winter at all, but that it would go to the Sugar Trust, and what do we 528 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. APRIL 21,

see? We see precisely the result tbat:the advocates of that Mr. l\fcO.ALL. I think I have suggested that this will become reciprocity bill pointed out at that time. operative and k~ep the price down at the time when we haye The sugar market of the world is Hamburg. The price of to import a surplus, and then it will be more convenient for us sngar in New York is the Hamburg price plus the freight across to buy from Canada; and-I beg the gentleman's pardon. the ocean plus the full duty into New York. And the Cuban l\fr. MARTIN of South Dakota. It is a very important sub­ p1:rnters, pro-viding they show reasonable intelligence and do ject, and I wan.t the gentleman's views upon it. · not glut the market at a given time, can reckon on the Ham­ :Mr. McCALL. I know it is a very interesting subject, with burg price with the freight and full duty added. Since we ha YO many ramifications, but I can hardly be turned from the main to make up our deficiency in the production of sugar by large course of my argument in the time which I have. irnvortations, our home pric·e is the world's-or Hamburg- l\fr. MARTIN of South Dakota. Does tile gentleman decline 1n·ice with the duty added, and there is a parity in price be­ to yield on that point for a question? tween Hamburg and Cuba and Sumatra when the differences Mr. McCALL. The gentleman wants me to appear ungracious in duties and freights are considered. by declining to yield? I read this morning iu the New York Sun an· article upon Mr. MARTIN of South Dakota. No. sugar written, I belie>e, by Mr. llobinson, one of the most ac­ Ur. McCALL. I think I answered the gentleman's question. cornplisheu economic writers upon the American press. He took For that reason I would prefer not to yield. importations from Sumatra aud from some other countries and l\fr. CANNON. Will the gentleman allow me to ask him a lle carried out the prices into thousandths, and then an impor­ question? tation from Cuba, which llad a preferential duty. When t.hcy 1'fr. McCALL. Certainly. were finally landed in New York they all appeared at pre­ The CH.Uill\IAN. Does the gentleman from Massachusetts cisely the same price, each paying its freight and particular yield to the gentlem::m from Illinois? · duty. That price is adjusted, although I am not quoting him l\fr. McCALL. Certainly. as an authority upon that, with reference to the Hamburg price. . Mr. CA.:..,NON. Does the gentleman think that if ever in the · What is going to happen to wheat if this bill passes? Gen­ fullness of time we do not produce wheat in the United States tlemen say, if the effect is not to decrease the price of bread, sufficient for our own consumption, the future Congresses, 40, why do we want to pass the bill, and if it is going to decrease GO, or 100 years from now, will not be competent to deal with the price of bread, it will injure the American farmer, and this question? [Applause.] they repeat this -very ancient tariff riddle. I will tell you Mr. McCALL. If the gentleman is here at .that time [loud what I think will happen. We are going to reach just the applause and laughter], and the universal hope is manifested in snme condition in regard to wheat as we n.re in to-cl.ay in re­ the universal applause [applause], and it appears that the gard to sugar. When we cease to raise as much as we con- · farmer is getting 25 cents a bushel out of this duty on his sume, and when we shall ha-ve to bring wheat in from other wheat, and. the proposition is made upon tliis floor to strike off llations for our o-'yn consulllption, tben we shall see the law that duty, and therefore to reduce the farmer's price, the gen­ I have been talking about mush'ate

Im·estigation and neflection .hu\e -:strengthened me in the con­ deliberated upon, to be amended, te be finally :passed -upon in T'iction thai: tlle ·best interests of our people cali, .and call J.ondJy, such form .as Congress may determine? Not at all-to be -ap­ for its defeat. '[Applm1Se 'On the Republican side.] proved and enact-ca into iaw. . I shall not -waste time _by :\\.UY of preliminaries.. I ask, in U is .sn.fe to .say that the President has no constitutional the first place, what necessity was there for the making of this power to make ;an ".agr'.eement" or " arrangement" with a for­ agreement at tllis time? eign power t:o 'revise onr reYcnue law, especially in terms which Our trade :relations with Canada had been uaju.sted under preclude the -exercise of .any judgment upon the part of Con­ a tariff law only .recerutly passed. :The Pnesiden.t .had .an­ gDess or either branch theteof. nounced that they had been .satisfactoTily adjusted. The tn:ble The President iID1l.de n. carefully prepared speech at Spring­ of exports and imports between the two countries showed that field, from which it is apparent that he assumed he had such existing conditons were most fa.TorabJe to our people. ·Our power. trade wa.s large and increasing and the balance was 1n our Ile ..said; faTor to the extent of many millions annually. It is shown The 'Constitution provides that the President may ma1rn .treaties­ by the schedules accompanying the President's message that Tuc Prc8iacnt may ma1;,e trcatics- nnder this .agreement we will -sur.r.ender two and one-half mil­ by and with t'he advice and consent of the Senate, and the treaties lions of revenue yearly in excess of the amount .surrendered by when rthus made shall constitute the law of the land. It has a1wavs Oanadll. Ii: any necessii-y therefore existed for new -trade con­ boen. a question, hoicevcr, whether it was aiot necessary, in order to it of carry ti-eaties affecting tariff and revenue measures into effect~ to havo ditions, was on the pru:t Canada and not of the United action uy Oongress ilL the forin of legislation reoognizing and enforc-­ States. So :far, then, tlle agreement is undeniably to our i110 the -treaty. disad'°antn.ge. l\fr. Chairman, that is the 1.n.w. No treaty can be made relat­ Who suggested the making of such an agreement? We had ing to our .re\cnucs thut wm ·be effective until it subsequently only recently enacteal of two-thirds of the Sen­ enacted into laio. ate nnd, second, the indorsement of the Co~gress . Tlmt which is now before us is calleeyond [l\Ir. Mce enthu­ dians, it is urged, are our neighbors; for 3,000 miles their siastically supported it as the first step in the destruction of the boundary is our boundary; we are the same race, spenk the protective system. l\fen on this side of the Chamber have de­ same tongue, inherit the same traditions, and have similar Yoted their efforts to show that free trade in farm products will institutions. not hurt the farmer, and furthermore is in strict accorcl with Well, what of it? What is this arrangement-a treaty of the policies and platforms of the Republican Party. All of peace and amity, an arbitration agreement, or what the gen­ them have avowed themselves protectionists. All of them have tleman from Connecticut calls it-a plain business proposition, opposed free trade except wllen it was baptized " reciprocity.'' a question of national revenues, of common everyday dollars Of course the catchword in the mouth of the advocates of this and cents? Sentiment is not business. Revenue measures are iniquitous measure is the high cost of living-an appeal to the not made on sentiment. The Canadians do not pay our taxes, populace-pass this measure and you will get free food. These maintain our schools, our churches, or our charities; they do are the gentlemen who perform the equestrian feat of riding not build our roads, maintain our Army, or contribute to our two horses going in different directions at the same time. Free Navy. They do not fight our battles. True, living alongside trade with Canada will reduce the price of the farmer's product of us, they have been decent enough not to require us to main­ to the consumer, but it will not reduce the value of the farmer';; tain· an army to keep them in order. [Applause.] But, true product to the farmer. Other gentlemen are honest enough to again, living alongside of them, we have not compeUed them to follow the President, who tells us in his message that this maintain an army to -keep us in order. True, we are coin­ measure will not have any perceptible present effect upon heritors of the traditions of English liberty, but only down to prices, that high prices are world-wide, due to many causes, the point where our fathers, through blood and sacrifice, ex­ and that any effect thereon must be looked for in the future. tended that liberty to and established it in the United StateR, If this statement were made to the kind of people whose sup­ while the men of Canada remained still English dependents. port of this measure is gained by their belief in it as a relief Because in common we claim kinship with the great names of. from high prices, I apprehend there would be a sudden and English literature, with Shakespeare, and l\Iilton, and Byron, wholesale desertion. and Tennyson, with the exponents of English statesmanship­ There is no intelligent man who docs not know that there is Burke and Fox and William Pitt-we may well rejoice. But it nothing in the suggestion of relief from high prices by this is a subject of rejoicing and not of business. It furnishes no measure that would justify a revolution in our revenue system, reason why we should exchange a good American dollar for a such a revolution as the enactment of this measure would in­ Canndian half doUar. [Applause on the Republican side.] evitably bring about. Sentiment is a grand thing; it rules the world of civilized But there is a necessity to increase our foreign trade; hence intercourse, but among cool-headed business men it has no we must have free trade with Canada in farm products. Here place in the world of trade. It played no part in the long and ngnin I find myself in an impenetrable maze of argument, hope­ bitter fisheries disputes with our dear Canadian brethren. It lessly groping for the light. The gentleman from Massachusetts played no part in the settlement of Canada's irritating, arro- 532 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. APRIL 21,

gant, and unfounded cln.im in connection with the .Alaskan experience. And if that treaty, through its 12 years of life boundary line. . under like conditions to those presented now, was disastrous to If neighborhood ancl kinship o:f race and language and his- the interests of the Unitecl States, to all the interests of the tory furnish reasons why trade barriers should be removed, United States both her industries and her revenues, we have they furnish equaily good reasons why political barriers should the riO'ht to a'ssume--we would be foolish not to assume--that be remo>ed and the mo peoples consolicla.ted under one flag. the en"'actment of this law now would bring about precisely the And wsavow much as we may any intention in that e to the populai: demand, dis- exchange woulu be almost wholly with the people of Canada." turbing of the business interests of the country. Talk about reciprocal ti·eaties in competitive articles! Why, But more than that, it is unfair to the farmer, whose inter· in the very nature of the case there can be no reciprocal treatY. ests ill particular it attacks. in competitive articles. Exchange of competitive articles means I do not want to weary the committee with a restatement of competition. Reciprocity means the trading of the things that the argument which has been so well presented by many of we have for the things that we do not have. those who have preceded me. The history of .A.mel'ican agri- But, :!\Ir. Chairman, yon may discuss the question of prices, culture, its gradual extension westward to the possession _of you may discuss the question of agricultural interests, a.ncl new and f~rtile fields, with the result that older anill looks neither to protec· It is easy to juggle with figures and by a proper selection of tion nor revenue. It deprives us of revenue. It is an open, them establish almost anything_ Doubtless there are some Cana.- a >owed free-trade:: measure. It is such upon its face, and it is dian lands as high in price as some American lands, some places so declared to be by the Democmtic Party. where- there is little difference between Canadian wages and Its signifkunce lies in the fact-mark me, its significanco Canadian prices and our wages and prices, but they a.re the lies in the fuct-that this is the first step in the destruction o:t exception and not the rule, and anyone who will be hon.est the protective system. That system is a complete logical whole~ with himself must agree that as a general proposition Ca.naclmn and it admits of no exceptions. It must apply to all industries, lands are cheaper than American lands, Canadian .wages_ less or it will not be permitted to apply to any. [Applause on tha than American wages, Canadian pr,ices less than.American pnces; Republican siue.) If the fumer can not bn.ve adequate protec· that Canada has a territory or vast proportions, capable of pro- tion for his industry, the manufacturer will not have protection. ducing al.most limitless quantities of grain from a soil fertile for bis. No system of protection is practicable or would bo beyond any soil on this side of the international botmdary line. just some of whose schedules are protective and some of which It seems to me, discarding special pleas, the conclusion must arc nonprotective. ineyitably be that the possibilities of Canadian agriculture are The gentleman from North Carolina [Mr. KrTCRIN], wha such as to put .American agriculture in ·competition with it at honorcecl o.f its disastrously to the United States and was denounced for that protection I refuse to participate in the robbery. [Applause on reason. the Republican side.] Gentlemen have denied both propositions. Without adcluc· This measure rises high absrn mere considerations of tern· ing any figures by way of proof, they dogmatically assert, first, porary profit. It means more than bookkeeping nncl n bnJanc­ that it did not operate against our interests, and, second, that ing of accounts. It involves the integrity of a system whose it was clenounccd for political and not for economic reasons, foundation was laid in the first legislative act of the First Con· one gentleman asserting that it was denounced on account of gress, which has received the indorsement of the most distin· our indignation because of Canada's friendship to the Southern guished names in our history, an.cl under which we ha.·rn grown Confederacy. But there are two things that have not been to a height of prosperity unprecedented in the world's annuls. and can not be denied: First, that under the operation of that The system is essentially n Republican system. From the hour treaty in 12 years our exports to Canada dwindled from nearly of its birth until this present hour the Republican Party has $20,000,000 to a little over $15,000,000, while C3!1ada's exports stoocl for protection; protection for .American capital, for Amer· to us grew from $12,000,000 to $4G,OOO,OOO; that m the last two ican labor, whether in the field, the factory, or the mine, to years of that treaty's life we remitted to Canada duties amount· the end that there should be established a great home market ing to over $70,000,000 and lost the balance of trade by over wllich should be for .Americans, and that the high standard of $28,000,000. ..::_merican civilization should be preserved. These facts have not been and can not be denied. Nor can it Under its fostering in.fiuence cities have been founded, hnvc be denied, in the second place, that m·ery contemporaneous grown and multiplied. North ante for this mensurc. I would : either warranted or just that :protects tlle profits of the }lro- likc to ask him one or two questions: ' ducer and destroys honest competition. First. Do you not.believe that the cost of production of farm The bill under consideration will carry into law a reciprocal products is less in Canada than it is in the United States? And · agreement negotiated by our Government with the Government if yeu do, then how can you escape the conclusion that to put of the Dominion of Calli.du. In fhe year 1910 the trade of farm products on the free list is to violate the pledge of the Canada. with all the world was $693,211,221; her total imports la.st Republican platform? [Applause on the Republican side.] were $385,835,1-08; the people ·of the United States sending her Second. Do you believe the testimony of the Mann committee $233;071,15tl of this amount, and from the ·rest of the world and of the President's Tariff Boa.rd (and neither of these has -she received only $152,76~94-0. been contradicted) to the effect that it costs from $2 to $4.14 As the population -0f Canada is about 7,500,000 "it appears more to make a ton of paper in the United States than it does in that she bought from us .a.bout $30 worth of goods for each per­ Canada? -son living in .the Dominion of Canada.. This is a i~ema.rk:a.ble If you do~ then how can you escape the conclus:ion that to put showing considering the fact that our trade is held back by paper -0n the free list is a violation of the pledge of the last ta.riff laws t:imt as tothe.tnothcr country-discrimina~against us. Republican platform? [Applause on the Republica.n side.] . O~ own. import :figures show for the same year llllports com· I beg for a conscientious reply to these queries. It is vital. . mg mto this co-r:ntry from Canada to the amount of $95,128,310, The Republican Party us the party of protection is on trial here about $1 per cnpita.. They take of us $30 per capita .and we ~e to-day. You and I, my Republican brethren, are on trial As of them $1 per capi~. They ?-rc·a new country an~ a growmg we respond, so shall we and our party, the party of McKinley, -country: Of n~cessi~ they will take our products m excess of be dealt with in the great forum of the American electorate. our taking t:herrs. Did ?Ot the great Eastern Sta.tes three -de­ Sometimes it is swayed by popular clamor sometimes by the cades ago live and thrive on fhe development e -0p- . " as mam .n.me...,. e po cy posed to this pact. Why? Because they have been assidnously of excludm,., from the home market, as far as it has been abJ..e , campaiO'ned. by .certain great protected interests that uo not to do .so, compet~tive p~odue~s fr-0m o!her countries._ . 1 dare show their own hands above tile surface. [Applause on In the begmmng this policy was maugurated with the ex- . . press declaration that it was intended to "dcT"elop new indus- the Democratic sidc.J. tries until they were stroll"' enough to stand alone a d f . . T~ey have been misled false t:ii!ts. and fal~e sta.te~ts 0 1?Y th . _ - • n ace m commg from men who desire to mamtain the high protective e op~ ma1kets of the world ~he rival~ of our productive principles of the Republican party which protected th.-eir profits competitors, but the greed for gam has driven the adv-0ca.tes of . . ' . . this theory far beyond the position they maintained at its in- .and made the toiling ma~es. serve them a-s theU' masters. ception. To-day there is hardly a great American industry [Applause on the Democratic side.] W~ have n-0t hn.d the su~­ that is not exporting its surplus products to the open markets g~st10n made ?Y..,. those who oppose the bill that the ~eal opposi­ of the w-orld and selling them in free competition with the ti~ was comm"' from the great protect<;ecuuse o~ our efforts, .fulled to become . • . a law at the lust session of Congress w1U. of course, be presented at and carefully adJust our 1aws to meet the new conditions that the opening of the extra session, Aprh 4, and we would cn11 for your face us, without serious injury to .either labor -0r capital, in order immediate personal assistance. in s_o presenting the objcct~ons to the that we may reduce th-e -cost of hvin" at home and be prepared , agreement to your Representatives m Congre~s and Sell1l.to1s, -of wbnt- ° d t . th k f ever party, that this lll-considered and unrcc1procal arrangement sha.11 t o dispose of more o f -0ur surp1 us pro uc s in e mar ets o not become law. 534 OONGRESSION AL RECORD-HOUSE. APRIJJ 21,.

"Whatever the ultimate efl't'ct of the arrangement may be, it is evi­ to the bankers of this country to put the screws to the farmers dent that for the time being it will disturb busine s, upset values of lumber, tend to increase the value of Canadian stumpage at the expense who had borrowed money fi.·om them, to appeal to their Repre­ of American, and will nlfect the credit of American lumber institutions.. sentatives in Congress to maiutain a l igh protective tariff for We would suggest that you see your bunks and discuss the agreement the lum,Per interests. That is not all. with them along these lines: First. The credit of lumber concerns In the United States. The past I wish to read from the New York American a statement three years have been severe ones in the lumber industry generally, which a reporter gathered from Mr. Wuk~man, the president of a11d in some sections almost disa11h·ous. The agreement will make mat­ the American Protective Tariff League, the league that stands ters worse, rather than better. Should not the banks use all their in­ fluence on those in power to prevent a further· demoralization of a. for prohibitive taxation for protecting profits in the interest of business which in some sections furnishes so large a portion of their of monopoly. ~Ir. Wakeman issueeca use it wns an attack on the pre, tected in­ vestors. and other financial interests have immense amounts of capital terests of this country. - When tlle newspaper repmter a'1kecl invested in .American farm securities. Do they want the value of these Mr. Wakeman if thnt was nn ollidal letter and if hp. stood securities depreciated? for it, this was whnt he said. Further, great efforts have been made durin~ tbe last two or three yen.rs. with some succe~, to arouse renewed intet·est in .American land That tcle~_ ram was sent out ;\[cnday 3fternoon, after the el·e,·udw1 investments, and therefore to check the movement of American farmers committee or the leac;-ue bad met and authorizee as attractive, acre for acre, as those in this Republican majority of the JJ01111e as solidly as possible against reci­ country. procity and Urns make the unpatriotic Democratic ma;lot·ity wholly .American farmers who wish the value of their farm lands as well as of responsible for its pass:ige. It will then go to the RcpulJlican Senate their products maintained should interest themselves in this matter, aR as a dlstincily Democrntic proposition, and then let the Republican indeed they are already doing, and the thousands of protests which Senate, i! it dnrP, give its san<'tion to it. came in from farmers and farmers' organizations during the last two Listen to your musters! [Prolonged npplanse on the Demo· weeks of the session did much to prevent the adoption of the reciprocity cratic side.] bill. Your customers among the retail lumbermen in the agricultural dis­ The Sennte of the United Stntcs. the bony tllnt in tinH'8 pnRt bns tricts of the North should be especially interested in the above argu­ protected the Iiherties of the American people, are told by the head ments, for the passage of the reciprocity bill is certain, because of the feelJng and apprehension it will cauRe among the farmer11, with its of tllis Protective 'l'ariff League that they dare not puss this bill. reflex action upon the banks, to lead to a material curtailment of busi­ Afraid of whom 't Not tlle veople; afraid of tlle trusts. Ah, my ness and therefore lessen the demands of these customers upon your­ friends, but it comes nearer home thnn that. The vrotected inter· self. We would therefore ask you at once to take up this qnestton with ests of this country know well that this bill will make a brenl< your banks and trust companies, land companies, and farmers (an1l in the dike; tll:.tt \YheneYer tlle protectirn tariff is rcrnoYecl and with your retail yard customers, if you think it wise), and have them tlle northern farmer stands out u1oue without pretense of pro· reach their Congressmen and Senators before the opening of Congress and continue the work after it convenes. tection to his rn·ouucb:i that he can no longer be counted on to Your own protest, of course, will be emphatic, anu we would suggest stand in tlic ranks of the monopolistic iuterests of this country, •that you secure the cooperation of other lumber manufacturers who are [Applause on tlle Democratic side.] That is why they are not members of your association and so far as possible interest your afraid of it. It is not rn much wllnt is iu the bill, but they workmen in the matter, as the adoption of the agreement, which admits Canadian lumber free into the Uniteu St:i.tes, wl1ile Canada retains her know that the den.th kuell of the protection system will have restrictions on log exports, will necessarily stimulate the construction sounded-that yrotedion thnt means the protection of enormous and operation of mills in Canada at the expense of those in this country. . profits and tlle creatiou of monopolies in this country-when I should be glad to be advised of how you feel ahont thfs matter the farmer uuclerstnuds nud abandons the Repnblicnn Party to and what you are doing regarding it. I inclose list of the Representa­ those alone wllo ha Ye fa tteneu upon his hard-earned dollars. tives from your State and the Democratic members of the Ways and They arc usiug, mr friends, en~ry effort ill the e the downtroclclen lumber inter­ llalf, I fayorctl the propositiou been.use I thought it wns just ests. I read again one' of the paragraphs in bis letter: nnill, and at the time I stated it I did not know, Asking the banker! Here it is in black and wllite, a letter t.>ut I will say to him to-day I do know. I know where they frum Mr. Hines, the president of the Lumber Trust, appealing staud to-day. I aJU in receipt of telegrams from my district 1911. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE. 535 to-<)_ay stating that the United States Steel Corporation have year on a great battle field for the rights of this House. But stopped work on some of the great plants in my district, hav-c that wns merely a parliamentary battle field. He proclaimed turned 3,000 men out of employment, and have given as their himself a progressive, a man that was in advance of his party. 1·e::i. son thnt I was supporting the Democratic tariff bills that He said that he would not vote for the Payne tariff bill because arc before the House. [Applause on the Democratic side.] I it put unjust taxation upon the American people. regret that this great trust should punish the constituency that nut when the gentleman faces the question of cutting off pro­ I revresent because of Ole position I take h~rc, but I can say tcc tion to the profits of his own constituency, he falters at the this to yon: I stand to-day where I stood two years ago-for an gate, and is unwilling to make those reductions for his own honest rcnsion of tile tariff i-;chedules. I propose to vote for constituency that he desired to make for the constituency of this bill and the free-list bill without amendment because I be- otller men. A.h, my friends, you mny call that "progressive," Hern they nre right [applause on the Democratic side], and but you only call it "progressive." I say to you that no man I care not what may be the effect on my personal fortunes if can reform the world unless he firRt be willing to reform w- c cau put ou the statute boolrn even the first step townrd himself. brcn k in ~ (]own the system of monopolistic protection. [Ap- )fr. CULLOP. I notice yesterday wheat in Winnipeg, Can­ plnm:e ou the Dcmocrntic side.] If you want to vote for the acln, wus quotecl at 92i cents per bushel while in Chica;;o it trusts and the monopolies of this country, Yote against this bill. was SO cents a bushel, in St. Louis it was SG cents and in If yon wisll to take this one step in breaking down the pro- Kansas City 84 cents per bushel. This seems to be about the tectivc wall, there can be no question as to what your duty is diffe1·ence dn.ily of the Winnipeg market over the Chicago mar­ to yoursel¥es and your constituencies. [Applause on the Demo- ket. Now, if wheat is higher in Canada, as the quotations cratic side.] _ daily show, will removing the duty on wheat in any manner 'l'hey sny tllat this bill is unfair because it brings the Amcri- injnre the farmers of the United States? can farmer into competition with the Canadian farmer. Why Mr. UNDERWOOD. It will not. sho111d he not be brought into competition? Is there any l\Ir. CULLOP. Under the drawback clause of the Payne reason? Members on that side of the Chamber may give as tariff bill, which provides that ·an duties on raw material the reason tllat they belieYe in protecting the producers' profits, brought into this country for manufacturing products for ex­ fa rn·ring sp~cial cla~ses, and. allowing the GoYernment to guar- j portation .are r~lieved . of all tarifI charges except 1 per c~nt antee ta their favorites the r1ght to ta..~ the people. I of the t.ariff levied, which the Government charges for handllng They may make that statement, IJut we haye ne'\'er stood for the transaction, is it not true that the miller can import wheat such a proposition. I ha•e ncv r been able to see why the great for the manufacture of his export flour, ancl instead of vaying manufacturers in my district, or the farmers, or anybody else, the tariff of 25 cents a bushel it is only 1 per cent of 25 cents sllould hnve their profits protected any more than I can sec why a bushel, and he can thereby secure all such wheat f-rom the grocer, or the mechanic, or the merchant, or the lawyer Canada or any other country practically without any tariff at should hnYe his profits protected by the Government. all, so that the tariff on wheat, because of this fact, is prac- \Vhene1·or you enter the rea.lru of protection, of necessity you tically removed now under the Payne b\ll? must enter the zone of protecting profits. And whenever you : Mr. UNDERWOOD. That is correct. enact a tariff bill high enough to protect a man's profits, you I .Mr. CULLOP. Chicago being the initial wheat market for haye a tariff levied, not for reYenue, but for the sole purpgse of ' the Mississippi Valley, does not the difference in price between protection. I places like St. Louis, Kansas City, and similar points represent But why should we fear competition from these Canadi:m I the cost of h·ansportation charges from said points to Chi­ farmers? Their standards are the same as our sta1111nrds. \ cago and tile middleman's profit in handling the grain? They arc our people. There is no difference between us. Tlle l\Ir. UNDERWOOD. Certainly; that is true. Canadian farmer lives in as good a home as the American ,. 1\Ir. Chairman, we have discussed the wheat problem so much farmer. His children go to us gooe advanced legiti- to-day you are on the other. Until this debate commenced, mate1y to show that the Canadian farmer can produce a crop I ne,·er heard any man assert the theory that as to the great of any kind cheaper than the American farmer can. Then, if world crops, like those of wheat and cotton, the surplus crop, that is the case, the sole argument that can be contended for on where a nation was continually exporting a portion of the that side of the House in favor of maintaining this tariff in the crop, e, though, that we Canada or not, so far as your wheat crop is concerned, because will make a more stable market in both countries. I believe the price of the wheat crop will be :fixed by the price you ob­ that we will pre>ent, to a large extent, speculators and manipu· tain for the wheat that you send to European markets, just as lators from cornering markets and at times forcing exorbitant our cotton crop in the Southern States is fixed by the world's prices upon the people of the country. [Applause on the Demo· supply and the world's demand. [Applause on the Democratic cratic side.] That may not be a good reason from the stand­ side.] point of you gentlemen who believe in protecting profits, but it .Mr. HELGESEN. Will the gentleman yield for a question r is certainly a good reason from the standpoint of men on the The CHAIRl\lAN. Does the gentleman from Alabama yield Democratic side of the House who are opposed to any proposi­ to the gentleman from North Dakota? tion that leads to monopoly or oppression. [Applause on tho Mr. UNDERWOOD. I do. Democratic side.] Mr. HELGESEN. If the gentleman will answer this one My friends, the gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. DAL­ question, I think he can satisfy the farmers of this country ZELL] complains of the fact that the President of the United that his side is right and that they are wrong on this ques­ States sent this pact to Congress. Why, the gentleman from tion. I live in the State of North Dakota. Up there we have Pennsylvania and his colleagues on the Ways and Means Com­ a town where half of the town is in North Dakota and the mittee in the last Congress are responsible for its being here. other half in Saskatchewan. One of the principal streets The President called Congress in extraordinary session two forms the boundary line. How do you account for the fact years ago to revise the tariff downward, not because he feared that the millers for years have been paying from 10 to 12 the people, but largely because certain large manufacturing cents a bushel more for wheat, and the maltsters have been interests were demanding changes that had become burdensome paying from 10 to 25 or 30 cents more for barley, and the mer­ to them and the development of their foreign trade. The Presi­ chants have been paying from 20 to 25 cents more for flax on dent was honest and ignorant; the standpatters were informed the American side of that street than on the Canadian side'! and cunning; the natural result followed, and they handed the If the Liverpool market or the markets of the world control President a "gold brick," that glittered without and was false the price, how do you account for that fact? metal within, when they induced him to sign the Payne-tariff Mr. UNDERWOOD. That is easy enough. I am not talking bill. . about local markets or local conditions. I of necessity recog­ But the complaining manufacturer was not to be put aside nize the fact, for example, that if the District of Columbia so easily; he knew the rates were still left as prohibitive as were the only market a farmer had in which to sell his pro­ they were under the Dingley bill, and he wanted concessions duce in this neighborhood, and you put a policeman on the made to advance his trade in foreign markets. They therefore outer border of this District of Columbia and forced the farmer agreed to give the President a " big stick," to be uRed for the living in Maryland or Virginia to pay a tax for the privilege manufacturer's benefit in the nature of the minimum and of bringing his produce into this particular town, it would maximum provision of the Payne tariff law, whereby the rates be trne that he could not sell his produce for as high a price provided in the bill were made the minimum rates and the outside as he could in~ide, because in the immediate local neigh­ maximum rates were an advance of 25 per cent ad valorem borhood his market is limited, and for him to take his produce over the minimum rate and were to take effect at a later day to Baltimore or somewhere else would cost him additional if foreign nations did not make concessions in the interest of freight charges. What I say does not apply to immediate local our foreign trade demanded by the President. conditions. I have no doubt that, if this bill passes, there may Tl!e end of the history is a short and sad one. The President be some towns in North Dakota where the price may be affected went abroad with his "big stick," demanding concessions, and slightly. On the other hand, I have no doubt there will be he came back without any material concessions and without the some towns in Canada where the price will be affected ad­ "big stick." Our stand-pat friends were advised. that the versely; but we as a Nation can not limit our legislation to coercion method would not work before they tried it. They the >illage from which the gentleman from North Dakota knew France had made a failure of such a plan over two decades comes [applause· on the Democratic side], nor can we fix our ago, but they could not put the tariff any higher than the Payne theories of the world's commerce from the standpoint of village bill put it; they were unwilling to allow the President a chance wisdom. [Lnugllter and applause]. to reduce it by making the Payne rates the maximum rate and Mr. LANGLEY. I understood the gentleman to say that the authorizing the President to reduce it to a minimum ra.te. I:f Republican Party had changed its position on the quantitati>e they had done so, this legislation could have been avoided, and theory of money from what it was 15 years ago. Is that he could have probably accomplished his purpose in the main correct? by conceding to Canada the mininrnm rates. l\Ir. U:~'DERWOOD. It certainly has. In the meantime the temper of the American people was sucb Mr. LANGLI'.} Y. I wish to ask the gentleman whether he and that the President dnred not impose the maximum rate on Cana- . his party have changed their position from what it was 15 years dian products. So the President was forced to get out of tho ago on the question of the free and unlimited coinage of silver difficult position as best he could. The manner in which he did at the ratio of 16 to 1. it was best told by the Hon. l\ir. Fielding, Canadian minister Mr. U1''DERWOOD. I will say to the gentleman from Ken­ of finance, when introducing the pending reciprocity agreement tucky that tile theory tllat we advanced 15 years ago has re­ at Ottawa: · cently been adopted as correct by a Republican Senate commit­ The President of the United States_, tee. [Applause on the Democratic side.] Says Mr. Fielding- I want to say this about these farm products. The gentlenmn as one evidence of his sincere desire to avoile with Canada, did from :Maine [i\Ir. HINDS], in his carefully- prepared and able us the honor of inviting a mcmllcr of this Government to proceed to Albany to meet him and discuRs the mnt ter. • • • It was not a argument the other day, stated that the cost of living was not question of putting on the tariff, hut a question of taking it olI, and I go>erned by a tariff wall, that the farmer did not get the bene­ found the President of the United Stutes was willing to take it off if fit of the prices, but that the price was made by the middleman; we could give him som4'! decent excuse to do so. • • • We made a few changes, a few concessions of no earthly importance, but they and in order to sustain that position he asserted that an onion served the purpose and gave Mr. Taft the excuse he desired to refrain sometimes sold to the final consumer at a thousand per cent from imposing the maximum tarilI against Canada. Out of this ne~o­ more than the farmer got for the onion when it left the farm. tiation grew the larger negotiation of a more recent date. We were invited then to take up the greater question of the reciprocal trade Now, that may be true as to onions. It may be true as to a agreement. few commodities, but I want to call your attention to one great commodity that goes on the table of every man, that is neces­ Now, is not that pathetic, the straits these bad stund­ sary to sustain the life of the Nation, and that is meat. patters placed their President in because they did not know 'l'lle difference between the wholesale price and the price to how to arrange a maximum and minimum ta.riff rate, or were the consumer, as shown by tlle census figures in 50 cities, varies they again deceiving the President? Perish the thought! in different localities. In the North Atlantic States the increase Mr. ll"'ielding says : It was not a question of putting on the tariff, but a question of taking above the wholesale price to the consumer is 31.4 per cent. In it otr and I found the President of the United States was willing to the South Cenh·al States it is as much as 54 per cent, but in take it of!'. if be could be given an excuse to do so. 50 cities of the United States the average increased retail price It was an outrage that any political party shonld _put our to the consumer over the wholesale price is 38 per cent. great country in such a humiliating position in the eyes of the Docs that sustain the argument of the gentleman that the world. [Applause on the Democratic sicle.] ' wholesale price ·does not nffect the value when it goes to the The CIIAIRl\IAN. Under the order of the House, general ulimate consumer? And the same thing is true in many other debate is now closed, and the Clerk will read the bill. commodities. The Clerk read as follows: I do not contend for a moment that the value of this treaty Fresh meats: Beef, veal, mutton, lamb, pork, and all other fresh or is in the fact that we are going to reduce the price of wheat refrigerated meats, excepting game, U cents per pound. 1911. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 537

l\Ir. MARTIN o! South Dakota. M:r. Chairman, I move to bas just yielded the floor fully answers all that can be said amend the paragraph just read by striking out of lines 11 and on the subject. The gentleman tries by his amendment to put 12 the words '' 1:l cents per pound." meat on the free list coming from Canada. We have a bill The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will report the amendment. prepared and reported to this House to put meat on the free The Clerk read as follows: list coming from all the world [applause on the Democratic On r,age 1, lines 11 and 12, strike out the words " l.l cents per side], and the gentleman will not vote for it when it comes up, pound.' if I am not mistaken. Mr. MARTIN of South Dakota. Mr. Chairman, I will state Mr. l\:IAllTIN of South Dakota. Well, the gentleman may be frankly to the members of the committee that the purpose of surprised on that score. offering this amendment and others which will follow, if they Mr. UNDERWOOD. I hope I will be. I shall welcome the shall receive the support of the committee, is to strike out gentleman with open arms. these products from the tariff list and to offer in their stead, l\lr. MARTIN of South Dakota. There are several surprises when we reach that portion of the bill, an amendment placing that may be due the gentleman. meat and all meat products on the free list. l\Ir. UNDERWOOD. Mr. Chairman, I want to say this. I As I do not desire to speak at different times on this subject can say, on the authority of the President of the United States, when the paragraphs are reached, I want to state my position. thnt the only reason that meat is not on the free list in this bill If there is one fundamental policy that ought to be adopted by is been use the commissioners of the Dominion of Canada refused the American Congress at this time, independent of politics, it to allow it to be placed there. If you aroducts to the consumer? l\lr. UNDERWOOD. I yield to the gentleman. l\Ir. GARRETT. Will the gentleman yield for an answer? l\Ir. l\IARTIN of South Dakota. I woulcl like to know what l\fr. l\1ARTIN of South Dakota. Certainly. obli"'ation we have with Canada in connection with this par­ l\1r. GARRETT. Within a few: days there will be a bill before ticuiar legislation that would deprive us, in honor and comity the House to put upon the free list beef, mutton, veal, lamb, between nations, from amending tllis pact or legislation so as to pork,. and so forth. I shall vote for it; will the gentleman "l .place meat on the free list in this bill, which -would not be of [Applause on the Pemocratic side.] like force if on to-morrow we seek to accomplish the same thing Mr. MARTIN of South Dakota. The gentleman has answered by another bill. my question in a manner that would have done credit to a part . Mr. UNDERWOOD. Why, it is very simple. This is in the of the country north of the place where the gentleman resides. reciprocal free list. If we change it here we force Canada to Ile has answered my question by asking another. I asked put meat on the free list herself, which she declines to do, and him whether he would support the amendment in this par­ we will destroy the pact; but when this is adopted, if a Repub­ ticular bill. lican Senate will adopt and pass a Dem·ocratic bill, we will put The CH.AIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from South meat on the free list from all the world. [.Applause on the Dakota has expired. Democratic side.] :Mr. MARTIN of South Dakota. Mr. Chairman, I ask unani­ Mr. Chairman, I move to close debate on this paragraph. mous consent that I may have five minutes more. The CIIAIRl\L\.J..~. The gentleman from Alabama moves that Mr. BURKE of Pennsylvania. Mr. Chairman, reserving the debate on this paragraph be now closed. right to object, if various amendments to be offered are to be Mr. UNDERWOOD. And all amendments thereto. followed by a discussion of this kind I shall object, if the pur­ 1\fr. LENROOT. Mr. Chairman, I would like to ask a ques­ pose is to mutilate this bill and ultimately to defeat it in that tion. manner. The CHA.IRl\IAN. The motion of the gentleman from Ala­ The CHAIRMAN. Does the gentleman from Pennsylvania bama is not debatable. The question is on the motion of the object? gentleman from Alabama. Mr. BURKE of Pennsylvania. I object. The question was taken; and on a division (demanded by Mr. l\1r. UNDERWOOD. Mr. Chairman, the question of the gen­ LENROOT) there were-ayes 125, noes 60. tleman from Tennessee [Mr. GARRETT] to the gentleman who So the motion was agreed to. 538 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE. APRIL 21,

The CHAIRMAN. The question :is on agreeing to the amend­ tbls bill--because, as he himself intimated, there is no assur­ n:c-n t offered by the gentleman from South Dakota [Mr. ~fAR­ ance that the bill in which he intends to put that item will be­ TIN]. come a law [applause on the Republican side]-then he should The question was taken, nnd the amendment was rejected. favor this amendment. You compel the farmer to sell his The CHAIRMAJ.'{. The Clerk will read. product on a free-trade market, but protect the Beef Trust as '.rhe Clerk begun the reading of the next paragraph. soon as it gets possession of the farmer's steers. This amend­ Mr.. eORRIS. Mr. Chairman, I ha>e an amendment, which I ment will put the Beef Trust on the same level, and it may uesirc to offer. give the consumer of meats some benefit, a thing he does not The CHAIRMAN. The Chair illill that may pass. [Applause on the Republican · side of the House that if this bill could be amended in certain sitle.J respects, so as to ·make it, as I believe it would be then made, Now, Mr. Chairman, I call the attention of this committee just and fair to the men and the classes from whom you take to n fact that, so far as I have obsened, has not been called all the protection they now have, I would be willing to support to the attention of the committee at all. The Cannillnn treaty the bill and Tote for it. I want to say to the gentleman that that went into effect in 1854 not on1y provided that cattle shoulll he certainly must haTe misunderstood tills bill when he says the go on the free list, but that ull meat products should go there; acloption of such an .amendment would defeat the so-called not only that wheat should go on the free list, but that all agreement with Canada. The agreement, or the bill, says we flour and products of grain shoulen should she haTB any reason to object if, gi>c to the trusts of this country an advantage which they wry instead of charging her 11 cents per pound, we said to Canada, much desire but do not need. We are not striking at a single "We will not charge yon anything; you can bring it in free." trust in this legislation, except the Print Paper Trust. We are There can be no reason giTen why any item named in the bill fortifying the powers of the Meat Trust, '?f the Cereal Trust. th!lt is included in the imports coming from Canada should not of the Leather Trust, of the Flour Trust, and of the Barley be lowered or made absolutely free. Thero is no objection ancl Trust by assnring them of a free-trade market in which to l>uy there can be none. I know that the gentleman said that he their proclucts and protecting them by a high-tariff wall against is going to follow this bill by another one that will put these selling their products to the Americnn people. I would like to particular articles on the free list, but in order to make that seo the gentleman display a loyalty us great as bis frankness sure and get the relief that he professes he wants to get by ancome effecti'rn? price of cattle will filter tl.Jrougll to the nltimnte consumer. lHr. l!'ITZGERALD. I . am not expressing my opinion as to Tl.le CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentlemnn hns ex11irecl. whetlwr tllnt measure will become a law in the future, because l\Ir. l\IAHTlN of South Dakota. Mr. Cllairman, I nsk for my experience with the party with which the gentleman has so two minutes more. long bPen nRsociuted lends me to believe that nothing but a i\Ir . .l!'ITZG 'Ri:\LD. l\Ir. Chnirmnn-­ su11eruntnral agency would c01wert certain gentlemen in bis Mr. COVINGTON. Regu1nr orcler ! pnrty to the policy of serving the interests of the people, and I The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from New York is recog­ do not look for that in the immediate future. [Laughter and nized. avplnnse on tile Democratic side.] i\fr. FITZGERALD. l\Ir. Chairman, the hypocrisy of gentle­ i\Ir. NOHRI8. I wish to nsk the gentleman from New York, men 011 tllat side of the House is n .•ry nppnrent. They pretell{l 'Vhy i10t permit a vote to be taken on amendments to this that they wish to protect the Americau consumer from the mca,snre in order to a.void that yery contingency, no matter operntious of the Beef Trust, and yet they nre now engaged in from wl:at sille it may come, whether from my party . or from a performance which, even if snccc~sfnl, would bring no relief his part~··i [.Applause on the Uevnblican siUe.] whntever to the Amerlcan people from the exnctions of the l'llr. :F'ITZGERALD. Oh, the gentleman's suggestion is plaus­ Beef 'l'rust. Canada refuses to put meats on the free Jist ue­ ible, but the n1}plnuse wbic:h be receiYcs comes from those who cause Cauacla is afraid that the Canadian consumer would. be hnYe been o]ll:osing tilis bill during tllis debate. placed nt tile mercy of tile Beef Trust of this country if Amer­ l\Ir. D.ALZJ.::LL. Does the gentleman not know that there are ican beef was allowed to go free of duty into Canada. [Ap­ nlrcndy two amcnumcuts ou t-llis l.Jill as it came originally from pln use on the Democratic siue.1 the State Department? l\lr. l\LARTIN of South Dakotn. Will the gentleman allow l\Ir. FITZGER.AI1D. Yes, I do: ancl I know tbnt the adminis­ me to interrupt ilim for a question? tration of whicil the gentleman from Penn ylvnnin. has been a 1\1r. PITZGERALD. Just one moment. The one thing tllat wlleel horse for some years assured tllis siLle of the House that will bring relief to the Americnn 11eople will be to put on the those amendments "-ill not jeopa·rdize the enactment or ap­ free list fresh meat corning from eYery country of tile civilized pro·rnl of this law, either here or in Canada; anu the critic-ism worlcl, so as to permit the importation of meat from Australia, of tile gentleman from Sontil Dakota [~Hr. l\IARriN] should lrnYc the ~outh American countries, nnd from eYery other great ment­ been made in the White House nnu not in the House of Hepre­ pro

amendment to section 2 was prepared by the distinguished gen­ Mr. LENROOT. I want to say to the gentleman that I am going tleman who now heads the minority of this House, and assur­ to vote for the amendments, every one of them, and I am going ances were receh·ecI from the Executive, after consultation with to vote for the free list, although without having any confidence the representati-.;-es of the Canadian Government, that this that we shall secure the legislation. But if we would adopt amendment would not jeopardize the pact, but would be accepted these amendments, we would have legislation of some benefit by Canada. [Applause on the Democratic side.] t?. the _consumers of the country, instead of only supposed po­ Mr.. OANNON. When gentlemen get through applauding I litical issues for you. [Applause on the Republican side.] will try to take the remainder of my time without interrup­ Mr. HARDY. Mr. Chairman, just for a moment I want to tion. By what grapevine telegraph has that assurance been engage in a little unco\ering of motives. I saw the gentleman given? In what public document does it appear? If you can from Michigan [Mr. FoRDNEY] vote for the amendment offered amend the agreement in one respect, why can you not do so in IJy the gentleman from South Dakota to put meat on the free another? It is proposed to amend it in section 2, and if that list. When I saw that I IJegan to think of his record in the amendment is adopted the pact is broken, unless Canada accepts past. I think I l1ave lien.rd. him say that he. was for tllc free the amendment. [Laughter.] I will discuss section 2 when we admission of nothing into America. He wanted the tariff wall come to it. I think I know why you amend section 2. You so high that nothing could get over it. What reason has the have not stated the reason. I will ask you to state it later; gentleman for wishing to inject into this reciprocity bill these but I think it is a \ery thin argument to make in the American free-llst measures? It must be along these lines that they House of Representatives, which originates revenue bills-ex­ know tlmt every man who conscientiously will support one of cept this one [laughter]-that the pending bill can not be these amendments putting certain items on the free list in this amended because Canada will not have it. Great heavens! bill will likewise vote for it on the free 1ist introduced by the Let us bring Canada down here and surrender the Hall of the gentleman from Alabama. and now pending llere, and they House to her. [Laughter.] know that every Member wh~ is at heart ovposcc.1 to this lJill The CHAIRMAN. If there be no objection, the pro forma will vote to put these items on the free list in this bill anu amendment of the gentleman from Illinois will be withdrawn. then vote to defeat the bill. If they get tllesc items on tbis bill The question is on agreeing to the amendment of the gentle­ here, they will kill this bill in the Sccate, or else, if there are man from South Dakota. enough Members in the House and Senate honestly in favor of The question being taken, the amendment was rejected. the free items now urged by them, then our free-list bill will The Clerk read as follows : go through the Senate. You cnn not be for the free-list items in this bill and against them in the other. And Senators in Canned meats and canned poultry, 20 per cent ad valorem. the other end of the Capitol can not be for free items in this Mr. LENROOT. Mr. Chairman, I move to amend line G by bill and against them in tile next bill on the calendar. If this striking out " twenty" and inserting "one." )Jill will pass the Senate with the free-list items in it, so will The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Wisconsin offers an the free-list bill introduceu by the gentleman from Alabnma. amendment which the Clerk will report. When the gentleman· from Michigan [Mr. FoHDNEY] voted to The Clerk read as follows: put meat on the free list in this bill, I looked with suspicion On page 2, in line Q, strike out "twenty" and insert "one." upon the motives of the whole party back of hlm. [Applause on the Democratic side.] Mr. LE.i.~ROOT . Mr. Chairman, the Democratic majority are in desperate straits. [Derisive laughter on the Democratic The gentleman from Wisconsin [Mr. LENROOT] may be honest side.] I say the Democratic majority are in desperate straits and sincere, but when he sees the company he is moving with indeed when the gentleman from Alabama [Mr. UNDERWOOD] he ought to know he is blind. and the gentleman from New York [l\lr. FITZGERALD] feel forcecl Mr... LONGWORTH. Mr. Chairman, I move to sh·ike out the to resort to the arguments they have made upon the preceding last word. I do so for the purpose of stating my reasons for amendments. The gentleman from Alabama stated first that opposing the amendment offered by the gentleman from Wis­ if this amendment was adopted the bill would have to go back consin. There seems to be some question as to the exact effect to the Canadian Parliament. If the gentleman had examined of that amendment, together with the amendments offered the Canadian bill carefully, as a lawyer, he would never have by the gentleman from Nebraska and the gentleman from South made that statement, for I have too much confidence iu bis Dakota. These gentlemen say that the effect of the adoption fairness to this House to believe that he ·would intentionally of their amendments would be merely to change the duty im­ ha\e misled it. posed by this bill upon Canadi:m products and not change the Duy before yesterday I reau a portion of the Canadian bill duty imposed by Canada upon the American products. Now, into the RECORD. I challen.ged then any lawyer in this Chamber if that is true, Mr. Chairman, the effect of the amendment to rise and say that putting a free list of imports into this offered by the gentleman from Wisconsin is simply that canned country would affect that bill in the slightest degree. I renew meats and poultry coming from Canada into this country would that challenge now. The gentleman from Alabama next said be received at a duty of 1 per cent ad valorem, and the meats that if we adopted this amendment that this was reciprocal, and poultry going from this country to Canada would be and that we would have to make the Canadian side of the bill charged 20 per cent ad valorem. But the gentlem:m from Wis­ the same. I want to say that if the gentleman had read bis consin says that Canada will not object to this; that Cnnnda own )Jill carefully h·e would not ha"\"'e made that statement, would be glad to have her canned poultry come in here nt a because this does not purport to be reciprocal in any degree, for less duty than she imposes on our product. Of course, t hat the provif'!o is as follows: would be for the benefit of Canada. Of course, Canada wonlote against Cannc1inn reciprocity legislation, and, as I wns to, and in order to increase their profits it is proposed, under mm ble to cry standpoint I am deeply interested in the welfare and pros­ them to do so a duty will be leYied upon his hats to force him Ilerity of the farmers, and that it is my desire to do all I can to to sell his hats at a dollar and a half en.ell, and thereby enable vromote and advance tlleir interests and success. However, it the home man to exact a larger price and larger profit from his is my mature jndgruent, after much consideration, that you and customers. This simple illustration brings out forcefully the they are unneeeEsarily agitated over the supposed results of this difference in principle between the exercise of the taxing vower legislation, and I will gi vc you some of the reasons which move for revenue purposes under the Democratic theory of govern­ mo to pursue the course which I do. And, as it is impossi\Jle ment and the exercise of the taxing power for the purposes of for me to write personally to ench of the signers of tlle petition, protection under the Republican theory of government. It will I shall take the liberty of publiEhing this letter to you as my be borne in mind that the increased price of the hat made here reply to each of them. does not inure to the benefit of the re,·enue of tlle Treasury, but "I1'irst. During the last session of Congress the Democrats goes wholly into the business of the pri"rnte manufacturer, aud met in caucus and ga\e full consideration to this legislation, when it is further remembered that for every imported article and by an overwhelming vote adopted it and made it a Demo­ upon which the Government recei-res revenue there are at least cratic measure. During the present session of the newly elected 10 times as many homemade articles, it is easy to understand Congress another caucus was held and the matter again con­ how the taxing power of tbe Government is used to levy tribute siderecl, arid again, by an overwhelming \ote, was made and under the Republican policy upon the labor and toil and the declared to be a Democratic measure. I may add that it has production of the masses of the people for the purpose of builll­ the support ancl indorseruent of nll the Democratic lcmlers of ing up the fortunes of a favored few; and -when we enlarge the country. Now, if I should work and -rote against tlle bill this illustration to embrace the vast number of articles used in I would not in the least change the result of anyone's vote other this country, amounting to billions of dollars each year, we than my own. But I would, by so doing, subject myself to can have some idea. of the enormous tribute paid by the masses exclusion from the future caucuses of the party and from par­ of the people under this perverted use and exercise of the tax­ ticipation in its future councils, and I would be placed in n ing power, and which goes as tribute into tile coffers of the position of political alignment with the high protective taiiff protected classes, and we can get a further insight into the wiug of the Republican Party. I feel confident that it is not methods by which the colossal fortunes have been piled up in the desire that I should be placed in this position. this country. " Second. For time out of mind the Democratic Party has I wish also to call attention to the fact that when one indus­ declared that the tariff on farm products in this country was try is protected every other industry demands similar protec­ of no advantage to the farmers of the country, and did not tion, and the individuals receiving these benefits bind them­ affect in any way the price of farm products. The Democratic selves together and cooperate under a community of interest, Party has uniformly declared that as this country was a large not only for the maintenance of their own favored position, but exporter of farm products which were sold in open market to encourage others to join with them and thereby strengthen competition of the world that the price of farm products in this and insure the continuance of the policy of protection by which country was controlled and governed by the price of the sur­ they fatten and grow rich; and thus it is-the political poison plus sold abroad. This is a fundamental, economic proposi­ spreads, and one artificial condition succeeds another until the tion, which, it appears to me, will not be controverted. For natural laws of supply and demand as regulators of trade aml more than 25 years throughout my district and in other _places commerce are largely destroyed and supplanted by the agree­ of the State and in other States I have advocated this political ment of combinations formed in restraint of h·ade; and thus it cloctrine and have declared for these political principles and 1911. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 543 policies of tariff legislution, and, so far as I have b~n able to to be compelled to pay a tax of $25 or $30 per head on each observe, they have always met the cordial and enthusiastic­ mule which they bring in from other States for feeding purposes support and indorsement of the Democrats of all vocations of and then when the mule is ready for shipment to be required to life. The Democratic Party ha:s repeatedly declare!l--and · so pay another $25 or $30 for the privilege of shipping and selling ha:rn I-that the tariff on farm products was levied for the in another State? This forcibly illustrates the truth a.nd cor­ purpose of attempting to justify what we consider excessively rectness of the Democratic theory and policy of government high duties upon other articles which are affected in price by which stands for larger trade and commercial -peace and facil­ the tariff. Now, I -am asked to reverse this position and, by ities, believing that there is profit both in buying and selling :µiy vote, assert that the tariff on fa.rm produ.cts does ~ect and and that the' prosperity of the country will be best promoted to control prices, and thereby to approve and indorse the political all the people when there are few shackles upon trade and teachings of the Republican Party. I feel confident· that, upon artificial conditions are destroyed, and competition and sale refiecti.on, I will not be asked or expected to do this. When I and purchase shall be aft'orded to all the people. I wish to say call your attention to the fact that during the last 10 years we again that, in my opinion, which is reenforced and supported by exported and sold abroad 812,230,651 bushels of wheat and, in the almost unanimous opinion of the Democrats in Congress, addition, 144,045,543 barrels of flour, or, if I call your attention that the legislation which we propose will be of immense benefit to the fact that during the same time we exported .and sold to the farmers of tile country, and I am confident that it will abroad $1,975,278,025 worth of breadstuffs, made of farm prod­ not injure the farmers of our section. ucts, you will at once realize not only the v.a.st magnitude and "In your letter you refer to the fact that there has been importance of our foreign trade to the farmers, but you will lately a decline in the price of farm products, and you charge realize that the prices of these sales abroad fix absolutely the it to the discussion of Canadian reciprocity. It is only neces­ prices of farm products at home. sary to call your attention to the fact that for time out of " Third. But let us deal especially with Canada. During the mind prices ha>e risen and fallen. I might call your attention last five years ending June 30 last, in goods of all h.."inds- to the fact that on June 10, 100!), wheat was $1.51; August 26, We s()ld in Canada------$88{), 417, 376 $1.0G; October 14, $1.27; October 21, $1.21; January 13, 1910, Canada sold to US------~------~~ 393,013,673 $1.33; June 16, $1.-033; November 10, 96 cents. I could call Difference in our favor-----~------~--~--- 492,u03,703 your attention to the same fluctuations in the prices of corn, oats, and other products, showing greater fluctuations, and that "These figures show that Canada is a good country for us to Canadian reciprocity has nothing whatever to do. with it. trade with. Any country which buys from us more than it sells "I may add that the caucus adopted and the House proposes to us is a good country to trade with. No tariff wall should to pass a companion bill placing on the free list all farm and stancl between us and such a country. agricultural implements and machinery and \ehicles of e>ery Horses : We sold in Canada ______$14, 172, 075 kind, leather, sadclles and harness, boots and shoes, cotton bag­ Canada sold to us------~------2,549,201 ging and ties, and many other articles which enter into the use Difference in our favor ______and consumption of the farmers and the price of which is con­ 11,622,874 trolled more or less by the tariff; and I fail to see wherein Cattle: the farmer has any ca.use of complaint at the program of legis­ We sold in Cann.a.a ______1,u7s,1rn lation proposed by the Dcmocra.tic Party. Canada sold to us------1,103,796 " The doctrine of protection has been talked so long that its Difference in our favor ______384,383 political poison has spread much throughout the country and artificial conditions of trade have been created, one artificial condition demanding the creation of another, and so on, until l!eatw8en~ 0?g1n;_ g~~~ud~~~------17,011,017 Canada sold- to US------904,101 trade conditions ha>e become so artificial and abnormal that Difference in our favor ______trusts and combinations to conh·ol prices and restrain trade 16,lOG,826 have infested the land; and the Democratic Party-true to the Brcndstuffs : principles which it has always proclaimed with reference to the \Ve sold in C!lnada------­ 31,u96,55G tariff-pledged itself to reduce the fa.riff, and should it not do Ca.nada sold to US------·---- G, 679,-884 so it would be false to its promises and betray the trust which Difference in our favor------~ 24,916,672 the people reposed in it. · "After many years of difference and dispute and quarrels Corn: We sold in Canada------­ 21,704,572 and defeat the Democrats finally united and won a glorious Canadn sold to us------14,350 victory in the last congressional election. I believe in Demo­ cratic harmony and unity and cooperation. I deplore dissen­ Difl'.eren~e in onr favor ______21,690,222 sion and strife and division. Now is the time for unity of ac­ ,Wheat: tion and cooperation of purpose, and, all over the country, We sold in Canada------­ 4, 442. 307 Democrats everywhere are demanding up.ity of action and that Canada solu to us------~------~--- 766,254 we shall subordinate our local and personal differences and Difference in our favor______3,676,053 stand united as a party. This I indorse, and sueh is my " These official figures of our trade with Canada for the last purpose." five years show that she is a pretty good customer of the farm­ Now, Mr. Chairman, in conclusion I wish to say that I might ers of the United States, and that she is a country whose trade ha>e gone further into the details of our trade relations with the farmers should cultivate :rnesters, reapers, agrlcnltural drills corn and other cattle-feeding products, purcilllse the grass-fed and planters, mowers, horscrakes, cultivators; thrashing machlnes, in­ Canadian cattle and corn-feed and sell them to a greater advan­ cluding windstn.ckers, baggers, weighers, and self-feeders therefor n.nd tage, thereby utilizing their farm products to a better profit. finished parts thereof imported for repair of the foregoing, lu per cent "Let me illustrate: The farmers of our section likewise raise ad •alorem. corn and hay. They go into other States and purchase young Mr. FORDNEY. Mr. Ohairman, I wish to offer the follow­ mules and feed them and ship them, when grown and fattened, ing substitute. I wish to transfer from page 4 the amendment to otl.ler Stntes at a nice profit, thereby making their farms that I have sent to the Clerk's desk to line 4, on page lG. The more profitable and furnishing use and consumption for their paragxaph that I offer the amendment to has been read. corn and feedstuffs. Would our farmers think it a wise policy: The OHAIRMAN. The Clerk will report the substitute. 544 CON GR.ESSION AL RECORD- HOUSE. APRIL 21,

The Clerk read as follows : Mr. FORDNEY. . Yes; but it is still on the ma·p, and it Amendment offered by Mt·. FoHnXF.Y: belongs to the free-trade element.· No man can come to Con-· Pages 4 and 5, sti·ike out the paragraph beginning on line 21 page 4 gress from the district represented by the gentleman from New and ending with line 2, page u, and insert in lieu thereof the to'uowing; '' !'lows, tooth and disk harrows, headers, harvesters, reapers ag~i­ York [Mr. FITZGERALD] who does not express the sentiment cultural drills and plaJ?-ters, mowers, horserakes, cultivators, thr~shing expressed by him. ma<;hlnes and cotton gms, !arm wagons and farm carts,· and all other Mr. FITZGERALD. That is right. They represent the will agncultural implements of any kind and description whether spe­ cifically mentioned herein or not, whether in whole or in' part, including of the people. [Applause on the Democratic side.] repair parts." Mr. FORDNEY. Oh, well, if my friend wants anything Mr. UNDERWOOD. Mr. Chairman, I rcsen-e a point of good to eat he will come to Michigan, and there he will get it. order. [Laughter.] Mr. !i'OilDNEY. I offer this as a substitute for the para­ Now, l\fr. Chairman, I ask for a vote on the substitute. graph Just read, and on that I would like to say a few words. Mr. UNDERWOOD. On that, 1\lr. Chairman, I wish to say a Mr. UNDERWOOD. Mr. Chairman, I reserve a point of word. The amendment offered by the gentleman from Michigan order. I do not know what the amendment is. shows how sincerely h';mest he is in trying to defeat this bill. Ur. HARDWICK. I reserve a point of order. Mr. FORDNEY. That is what I said. [Laughter and ap­ The- CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Michigan offers a plause on the Hepnblican ~ide . l substitute- Mr. UNDERWOOD. 'rhe gentleman from Michigan not only i\lr. FORD~EY. If the gentlemen will permit, I will explain offers nn amendment to change the terms of the bill, and so to the comnuttee what I . mean by the substitute for that para­ defeat it, but he proposes to raise the duty on the articles men­ graph. tioned beyond the rates of the reciprocity duty and put those The CHAIRU.AN. The gentleman from Michigan will sus­ articles back at the old Payne-bill rnte, because in offering his pend for a moment. The Chair will undertake to state the amendment he strikes out all rate of duty, and necessarily, as amendment offered ~Y him. It is in lieu of lines 21, 22, 23, and no rate of duty is mentioned, the articles would fall again 24, on page 4, and Imes 1 and 2, on page 5, to insert the amend­ under the terms on the Pnyne bill, which are above the rates of me~ t read ~rom the Clerk's desk as a substitute, and as to duty fixed in this bill, and that would of necessity defeat this which a pomt of order has been reserved by the gentleman bill. [Applause on the Democratic side.] from Alabama [Mr. UNDERWOOD] and the gentleman from Geor­ Mr. FORDNEY. Will the gentleman from Alabama allow gia [Mr. HARDWICK]. me to reply to that suggestion? i\l.r. FORD~'EY. Mr. Chairman, in support of the substitute The CHAIRMAN. Does the gentleman from .Alabama yield? I wish to say that I am offering it for the reason that by the l\Ir. UNDERWOOD. Yes. ~ansfer - of that' paragraph to page 16 line 4 after the Mr. FORDNEY. By transferring this pnragraph from the word "namely," it places the farm machin~ry desc;ibed in that protected list to the free list, docs tbe gentleman mean to sny paragraph, or substitute, upon the free list coming from Can­ that it will increase the duty on that article? ada into the United States, without affecting the duty on that Mr. UNDERWOOD. 'rhe gentleman gives no duty, and that class of goods going from his country into Canada. would follow neccsSa.rily therefrom. Now, the gentleman from Ohio [Mr. LoNGWORTII] stated n Mr. FORDNEY. If the gentleman will permit me, I will while ago that his objection to a certain amendment was be­ read the language prior to that. Will the gentleman permit me? cause it was not reciprocal. I would call his attention to sec­ I would like to set myself right on this. On page 15, line. 24, tion 2 of the bill and ask him where there is a word in the the bill says : entire section or bill that is reciprocal between this country and Thnt the articles mentioned in the following paragraphs, the growth, product, or manufacture of tbe Dominion of Cannda, when imported Canada. Section 2 pro-rides for letting into our market free of therefrom into the United States or :my of its possessions (exce11t tbe duty all print paper and pulp without asking anything in re­ Philippine Islands and the islnnds of Guam and Tutuila), shall be turn for it. On the other hand, the gentleman from Illinois exempt from duty, namely : [Mr. .M.ANN] said he would vote against all amendments to Mr. UNDERWOOD. I understand that the gentleman trans­ the bill, and that he would >ote for the measure. Now, I want fers it from the free list of this bill to the dutiable list. to offset that >ote by saying that I will vote for any amendment Mr. FOilDNEY. No. It is just the reverse. I transfer it that will destroy it. from the dutiable list to the free list. . The gentleman from Illinois said that he believed that all arti­ Mr. UNDERWOOD. This is the protected list, and the ~en­ cles were reciprocal, for the reason that we were trading a ton tleman transfers the item from that without naming any duty, of iron ore for peanuts. That is about the size of the measure, and in consequence the present rate of dutY fixed by the Payne gentlemen. This bill is just about the size of trading a ton of law would be effective. iron ore, representing one of the great industries of this coun­ l\fr. FORDNEY. Oli, I beg to differ with the gentleman. try, for peanuts from North Carolina. The CHAIRMAN. The question is on the amendment offered Mr. Chairman, we are taking a way from the farmer every by the gentleman from Michigan. vestige of protection on every article produced by him. .And Tbe question was taken, nncl the amendment was rejected. no man on that side of the House or this side of the House will The CHAIRl\1.AN. The Clerk will read. contend, if he is fair in his argument, that there is a single The Clerk read as follows : thing in the substitute which I ha>e offered that will in any way jeopardize the success of this measure except, my friends, Laths, 10 cents per 1,000 pieces. that you are not willing to tr·acle the farmer something for some­ l\fr. MADISON. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out the thing that you are ta.king awny from him. paragraph. Mr. FITZGERALD. Will the gentleman yield? The Clerk rend as follows: Mr. FOilDNEY. Yes. Page 7, line 24, strike out the paragraph. Mr. FITZGERALD. Does not the gentleman's amendment Mr. i\IADISON. Mr. Chairman, no one in this House can propose to increase the duty found in the bill unclcr considera­ accuse me of lack of good faith in offering this amendment. tion at present? No one can accuse me of offering this amendment for the pur­ Mr. FOilDNEY. I clo not unotcu for the bill before, and Mr. FITZGERALD. I say, is not the effect of the gentle­ whether my amendment carries or not, I will vote for it again. man's amendment to increase the duty found in the pending bill? [Applause.] I am offering the amendment in the interest of Mr. FORDNEY. If that is the effect, then I do not under­ the people, not alone of my district, but of the entire country ; stand anything that I am talking about. [Laughter on the becauEe you have admitted upon the other side that if the Democratic side.] But I will say to the gentleman that when amendment does not prevail now it will not be written into the I want to reach a conclusion in making up my own judgment I law of this country during this session of Congress. This is will not go to the gentleman from Brooklyn, or New York. your one opportunity to .give our people absolute free luml.Jcr [Laughter on the Republican side.] from Canada, and tlle question is whether or not you will em­ Mr. FITZGERALD. The gentleman would be much more brace it. This bill goes far toward free trade in lumber with fortunate if he did, rather than rely on himself and his own Canada, but it ought to go all the way. judgment. [Laughter on the Democratic side.] I am one of the few gentlemen on this side who come from Ur. FORDNEY. It is very fortunate for me, perhaps, that tlle Middle West who have been earnestly insisting upon a I am not a resident of Brooklyn. I ha>e the honor to come revision downward of the tariff law of this country who are now from a better district-a district where Republicans grow, standing consistently for the same thing in this Congress that and where the farmers raise the products that feed the mouths they stood for in the Sixty-first Congress. of the people of Brooklyn. [Laughter on the Republican side.] 'l'here is a dc::! laration made in the report of the minority on · A l\IEMnEll. Brooklyn no longer exists. [Laughter.] tllis bill, filed in the last Congress, signed by the gentleman from 1911. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 545

Pennsylvania [Mr. DALZELL] and by the gentleman from 1\Iichi­ propose to pass a bill through this House with the statement gan [l\1r. FoRDNEY], that this bill is an abandonment of the that we do not recognize that it has a chance to become a law. policy of protection. I am not in favor of the abandonment I deny that proposition. I tell you, sir, that the free-list bill of the policy of protection as William l\fcKinley defined it, as tllat we have introduced in this House and propose to pass will William H. Taft and other great leaders of my party define it, becorne a law [applause on the Democratic side] or the men that it is the application of a duty equal to the difference of who sit in the United States Senate on the Republic:rn side the cost of production at home and abroad, but I am in favor of will vacate many a seat, and the President of the United States, abandoning protection as defined by Mr. DALZELL and l\lr. if he does not sign it, will never be heard of again in the po­ FoRDNEY, and I will not join with them in maintaining their litical history of this country. [Applause on the Democratic kind of protection. [Applause on the Democratic side.] I side]. am sorry that I must differ with my friends from the Middle Mr. 1\IADISON. Will the gentleman yield? West, but in my judgment the consistent thing for us to do 1\Ir. UNDERWOOD. Certainly. is not to rally round these gentlemen whose brand of protec­ l\fr. l\IADISON. Was the gentlemnn in the House and did tion we were so recently repudiating, but that instead we he hear the statement of the gentleman from New York [l\lr. should stand with the President of the United States in this FITZGERALD)? matter; been use he is right and I am sure no Republican Presi­ l\Ir. UNDERWOOD. Yes; but I thought the. gentleman's dent ever did, and no Republican President ever will propose statement was facetious. a measure to the Congress of the United States that is an • l\fr. MADISON. Never was the gentleman from New York abandonment of the policy of protection. [Applause on the more serious. . Republican side.] 1\Ir. UNDERWOOD. But I will suy to the gentleman that Mr. FERRIS. l\fr. Chairman-- the bill puts on the free list agricu'ltural implements, fencing The CHAIRl\IAN. Does the gentleman from Kansas yiele minutes now to discuss my amendment, and can not day in the Republican side of the Senate, and if the President yielcl for interruptions. You gentlemen on the other side admit does not sign it, there will be a judgment dny at the White that your so-called "farmers' free-list" bill is not to become a Ilom;e. [Applnnse on the Democratic side.] law. You say it will be defeated in the Senate. Why are you J\Ir. FORDNEY. Will the gentleman yield? passing it? In order that it may go to the Senate and be de­ 1\fr. UNDERWOOD. I will yield to the gentleman. feated-in order that you may cry that it was defeated by a Re­ Mr. FORDNEY. The gentleman says that the farmers' free- . publican Senate? That is playing politics. That is not rising list bill puts salt on the free list for the northern farmer. I to the high standard to which you as a responsible party ought live in a northern State a~d I can purchase a ton of salt for to rise, and when you are offered the opportunity to give the 75 cents in my home city. people of this country free lumber, as you can in this bill, an this House will hurry through the 1\Ir. UNDERWOOD. Wheri we get to the sugar schedule we bills it is now considering, send them to the Senate, and abdi­ will legislate as to that matter, but it carries $60,000,000 reve­ cate the responsibilities anu duties placed upon it by the Consti­ nue, or thereabouts, and we can not abandon $60,000,000 to tution of the United States. The time will come when the repre­ run the Government until we provide something to take its sentatives of the people of this country in this House will place. [Applause.] . institute a contest to restore to the House the fundamental rights l\fr. JACKSON. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out the last and privileges of the House. And I say, let it begin now and in word of the amendment. Gentlemen of the House, I do not t:be making of this bill. Let us assert our rights unaer the desire to unnecessarily weary you. l\fr. Chairman, the gentle­ Constitution to originate bills to raise revenue, and let us make men on that side of the House will not be so tumultuous as the bill as the gentlemen on the other side would make it, at they are now when they are put up against a proposition of vot­ least as to lumber, if they expressed their own desires. Why, ing on the real merits of the questions· which are here before nine out of every ten of you on the other side are· in favor of us to-day. Having occupied no time in general debate and free lumber, and yet you say your free-list bill will not go b,eing in favor of the amendment which my colleague says he through, that this bill will go over to the Senate, and that the inten

-justice to c-very American citizen under the flag, and which interests of the Nation as a whole at heart, and are here to w·ould give due credit to President Taft and his ad.ministration enact legislation that will prove in their judgment the g1·entest for negotiating this pact, which would preserve every jot and good to the greatest number. However, it is only natural that tittle of it as it was negotiated a.nd would at the same time some sllould differ in their conclusions regarding this measure, write into the policy of our Nation true reciprocity with our as it has a peculiar bearing upon the industries of every State neigllbor upon the north, and extend northward from the Gulf of the Nation. Therefore, after weighing the merits of this of .lUe.xico to the frozen zones of the Hudson the groat zollverein bill, by which it must necessarily rise or fall, I have, after due of American trade which now exists in the Republic. [Ap- study, taken the liberty to antici11ate its probable effect nvon pln 11sr..J . the Nation at large and inevitably came to the conclusion that Ur. Chairman, you can · not mention reciprocity with Canada the ·enactment of reciprocity with Canada will prove of in­ in that i1art of this country west of the Allegheny Mountains estimable good and benefit. unless you bring to mind immediately two things, and they are An argument ad>nnced by those who are opposed, aucl one free lll\llber and free . wheat. Gentlemen on the· other side of upon which they have laicl much pressure, may be stated briefly tile House, by insisting on this bill without amendment, giye in this manner: That the barrier between Canada and the us free wheat but deny us free lumber. They say to us that United States withdrawn, the large yield and extensi\c produc­ tlley propose to put lumber on the- free list, but in the same tion of wheat in western Canada. would pro>e a \ery formi­ breath tell us they do not belie>e that bill will b'ecome a law. dable competitor with the production of wheat in the United In other words, gentlemen, yon say to us you ha Ye the courage. States. Now, if I understand the nrguments of the gentlemen to assail "the best tariff law e>er made ":-I believe I quote from l\finnernta correctly, they have rnaintaincrl that the prico correctly-in the House of its patron saint and defender and of grain at Minneapolis is usually higher than the market prices expect to succeed. Not only that, but I doubt whether you will of the world, transportation charges being considered. Now, find Brutuses enough, Democratic Brutuses, who will be will­ usually there is a reason, and when we examine thi"s proposition ing to stab their C::esar in the halls of the Senate. These are we find there is ~ very satisfactory explanation underlying this things upon which you will be doubted by the American people, condition. and I say to you. that if you a.re in fa.>or now of free lumber E..""\:-GOY. Lincl, of Minnesota, while a Member of this House and giving the western farmer a square deal you. will vote for the propositions adrncnted by my colleague from Kansas [l\fr. from that State, who has rendered great ser•ice to his State and to the Nation by his uscfulne~s a.nd statesmanship, speak­ MADISON]. ing on tariff revision and Canadian reciprocity, stated on this We arc urged to vote for reciprocal relations with Canada on the grounds that our neighbors on the nortll are of the same floor, December 14, 1D03, that: blood, ll>e under the same system of laws, and have ·the same I speak to my colleagues from the Northwest with full assurance that they will not deny the statement that the one factor that has industrial and commercial customs we ha -re; but, sir, tllerc can contributed the most to make Minneapolis great is the development of be but one reciprocity, founded on justice between two such her milling industries-through the development of that magnificent peoples, and that is the reciprocity of free trade between those industry, the greatest in the world, and through the energy and fore­ sight of our earlier business men, Charles Pillsbury and others, living peoples. I am ready to ·rnte for thnt. But e>en then it would and dead. · be necessary to have a readjustment of other rates, tariff rates Minneapolis has become the greatest primary wl1Cat market in the with which Canada has no concern, in order to do justice to world. It makes every bushel of wheat raised in Minnesota anc tlle danger which will come to A1l of us know what has made Minneapolis famous-" Pillsbury's Best." To maintain the standard of that magnificent l.Jread and of all of our the farmer under this bill has been greatly exaggerated, but flour our mills must have a certain proportion of hard. wheat; and, let this much must be admitted: The new volicy, if adopted, means me tell you confidentially, that wheat raised in Iowa and southern it readjustment of prices and in>estrnents, and consequent losses Minnesota and South Dakota is deteriorating somewhat from year to for the farmer. What do you offer a.s n compensation for· these year, both in quantity and quality. losses? No reduction in the tariff of :my consequence from ~ * * ~ * * * What has made Minneapolis flour great? What has given it a world· the same country on the things he buys, and free competition wide market? Is it not its superior quality and the faithful mainte· with a farmer living under the preferential tariffs granted by nance of that quality? But to maintain that standard we must have England to Canada. the stronger wheat, that wheat rich in gluten, which comes now only from the prairies of the Dakotas and from the northern purt of our In order to give you a Canadian \iew of the concessions made State, and in decreasing amount, but which we must obtain from by this bill to the farmers on our side of the line, I desire to Manitoba and from the other Canadian Provinces in the future. read a paragraph from Albert n.. Carmen, a noted writer, of If for possible present temporary gain you think that our millers should be prohibited from maintaining the quality of their goods and Montreal, in the National Review of last month. Ile says, maintaining their worla-wide market, where will your farmer neigh­ speaking of the Canadian commissioners: bors and mine land when " Pillsbury's n est " has ceased to stand for · They were life-long leaders of the "school" which held tenaciously what it now stands? You know, as I know, that our local wheat com­ that some sort of a reciprocity l.Jetween Canada and the United States mands the price that it does. only because our mills can as yet ol.Jtain ought to be possible and profitable without political menace. One of the enough of the stronger northern wheat to mix with it: first doctrines of this "school" has always been that we should stri;c to get free access for our farm products into the American market, and From this it may be inferred that the gentlemen from Min­ a companion for this has always been that we should get "free fi sh" nesota who oppose this bill by reading the speech of the great for " free fishing." For the aforesaid free trade in 1'.arm products this " school " has usually been willing to grunt some concessions on manu­ son of Minnesota would be enlightened regarding the ca uses factured goods. With these points in their minds our ministers went to which produce the above-mentioned effect. In my own city of Washington; they were offered free trade in farm products without any Omaha we have been laboring earnestly for several years nnu concessions to speak of on manufactured goods and " free fish " without " free ·fi shing." · ha.>e established a great grain market. We have also gone into We can imagine them-with the1r eyes solely on the business side of tho milling business. Our winter wheat of Nebraska is rich the subject-hardly able to tielieve their own good fortune. and splendid in quality, and a large amount is sllipped annually1 The duties which these gentlemen insist shall follow the so­ to l\Iinneapolis to be mixed with the hard wlleats of tllat vi­ called Canadian pact give the American farmer only the same cinity in order that it may be made into a superior selling grade relief which the Canadian commissioners gave to us; they insist of white flour. that they shall be the same; they amount to nothing to speak of. In the daily press of my city this week an important news If the Senate amends the bil1, as I fully expect it to do, giv­ item states that a large railroad project, on account of the ing the West some measure of compensation for what you tnke belief that reciprocity with Canada will be enacted, with ample away by this bill, or if you will write into it Mr. MA.DISON's ca.pita.I has been formed to construct u railway north a.nd amendments and treat the Lumber Trust, the Steel Trust, and south through Nebraska, the Dakotas, and into Canada. With Han-ester Trust as you treat the American farmer, I will vote the completion · of this proposed railway the farmers of Ne­ for the bill, but I will not >ote to take all away from the farmer braska will bo enabled to have shipped in from Canncla the and to take none of the high protective duties away from the hard wheats, and thus the milling industries of Nebraska und trusts. the Middle West will be benefited and sn.v-o the producers the Mr. LOBECK. Mr. Chairman, it is not my purpose to elabo­ necessity of paying the freight charge to the railroads to curry, rate upon this question. To my mind, Members of this House their wheat to Minneapolis, and. instead of our farmers paying ha>e been so thorough in their investigation and so lucid in their the freight tho Canadians will ship to our mills and puy the expositions that, after llaving listened with attention to the de­ freight. . bate, I find myself restricted to very narrow limits; lest I annoy . It has been stated here that the prices for wheat are fixe~ in you with useless repetition. Liverpool. This is substantially true. However, to be accurate, Among other things that ha>e impressed· me is the non­ it must be· stated that this rule is subject to the convenience of partisan manner of the debate, which demonstrates that the grain gambling kings of the great cities who drive the. prices gentlemen here present· are· true to the trust imposed in them up· and down to suit their purposes. But it is a fact thnt the by their constituents, that they have the promotion of the best price of wheat is fixed by the ·world's supply. Every day there 1911. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 547

is quoted in the grain markets the production or supply of wheat We also have at Omaha one of the greatest butter markets in the Argentine Republic, the supply in Europe, and the Black in the world. Sea ports. Therefore excepting in so far as local milling condi­ These figures show that with reciprocity with Canada and the tions in Minneapolis may have an effect locally the export proper railroad facilities there is a strong possibility for still supply of every wheat-producing nation is ruled by the demand greater devel~pment of the resources. througllout the Middle at Li\erpool. West. It is only right and just that we should send our sur­ At South Omaha, Nebr., there exists the third largest stock plus products into Canada and receiye in exchange commodities market in the world. The cattle feeders of Illinois, Iowa, Ne­ which we can use to good advantage. Thus the Great West braska, and adjoining States come to Omaha to purchase young will become an empire of richness whose greatness can not be cattle for their pastures nnd feed lots. With the barriers between estimated. the United States and Canada removed and the anticipated devel­ The farming lands in my district, with these developments, opment of the railroad facilities, Canada will ship to our markets are as fair and ns 11roductive as any under the sun. Our schools in the United States her stock-cattle and feeders-which will be are of the best. My people are intelligent and are fully able bought by the cattle feeders of the corn-growing States and to understand the value of reciprocal trad~ with their brethren fattened for food purposes. who have gone to Canada to develop that country, and so at Considerable emphasis has been laid on the importations of the close of this great debate, which has so fully covered all shee1>. The corn-growing States of the Middle West can feed lines of thought, I do not agree, Mr. Chairman, with the gentle­ a.nd fatten all the sheep Canada can raise without injuring the man from Kansas that this is the proper time to place into the cattle-raising industry of the country. Especially so when we treaty any amendments, for reasons fully stated by the friends know that the total number of sheep imported by Canada in of the treaty. I am in favor of reciprocity, and I am in favor 1909 was only 103,000, while at the South Omaha market as of this bill, but I am not in favor of defeating it by adding on high as 67,000 have been marketed in a single day. This fact any amendments here to-day. [Applause.] establishes to a certainty that the importation of sheep from l\Ir. FERRIS. l\Ir. Chairman, I desire to offer one word that Canada will not prove disastrous. strikes particularly at the amendment offered by the gentleman Some gentlemen have expressed concern over the effect this from Kansas [l\Ir. MADISON]. He moves to strike out line 24, bill will have on flax production. As a young man in central which is a provision of 10 cents per thousand on lath. Now, and northern Iowa I observed that flax was usually sown on with that section stricken out the old Payne tariff rate attaches virgin soil; that is, on land just broken by the plow. This was of 20 cents a thousand, so the gentleman's amendment is not because the roots of the flax rotted the soil and made it fit for worth consideration for even a moment. wheat the following year. But after the soil became sufficiently l\Ir. l\IADISON. Will the gentleman yield? adapted no more flax was sown, as it was too severe on the soi1. l\fr. FERRIS. I can not yield. If the gentleman had moved For the same reason, in the developed regions of the Dakotas, to put lath on the free list, it might at least have been con­ flax seeding was used to great advantage, and it is now used in sistent, but as he offers to strike it out he accomplishes noth­ western Canada for the preparation of similar soils for farm­ ing and increases the rates from 10 cents, as provided in this ing purposes. Therefore, reciprocity with Canada will proYe pact, to 20 cents, as provided in the Payne bill. beneficial on account of the small amount of flax raised and the l\lr. FITZG1'JHALD. l\Ir. Chairman, some gentlemen upon great amount needed in the United States. that side of the House seem to get all their consolation to-day The illustrious gentleman from Illinois pointed out on the from the misinterpretation of a statement made by me. The map of Canada in his inimitable way the direction of the heat doubt as to whether the free-list bill would eventually become waves meandering around the southern edges of Hudson Bay a law was not expressed ~r initiated by myself. The gentle­ and l\Iackenzie Ilasin. It seems that he evidently forgot to man from North Dakota [Mr. MARTIN] and the gentleman from mention the cold waves that get busy in the neighborhood of Nebraska [l\Ir. NORRIS] and other gentlemen on that side of l\:Iedicine Hat and Swift Current, in the wheat regions of the House offered amendments putting upon the free list cer­ Canada. 'Vhy, Mr. Chairman, in Nebraska when we look at tain commodities, the products of the Dominion of Canada, the Government weather reports and see that the cold waves because, they assured this side of the House, in that way commence to do business at Medicine Hat we take it as a signal alone could such articles be placed upon the free list. In the to driYe our cattle and sheep to shelter and prepare ourselves confidence, as they have been in the past and are now, of those for the coming ordeal. Medicine Hat is reputed as the most directing the Republican Party, both in tbis House and in likely place from which a cold wave is likely to emanate, and another House, they seem to have positive information that a when my friends from the Dakotas who oppose this bill hear free-list bill can not pass the present Republican Senate. When . that Medicine Hat has begun its deadly frost-biting work they these gentlemen asked me if, in my opinion, the free-list bill hibernate or seek shelter, and often we do not hear from them was likely to pass and become a law, in view of the record of for weeks. the Republican Party and in the face of the statements and Another thing tllat strikes me as being a principle of equity the assertions made upon that side of the Ilouse, I expressed and justice is that we should be fair to our friends, our neigh­ a doubt, and I said to them that unless some supernatural bors, and our relatives who have, with the courage character­ agency intervened it was very doubtful if the Republican Sen­ istic of our people, crossed over into Canada to develop that ate would within the very near future act in any way for the ~ountry. .A.nd, Mr. Chairman, why should we not lend a help­ relief of the people or the country. ing hand to these large numbers of our brothers by means of l\!r. M.A.NN. Will the gentleman yield? this reciprocity with Canada, which without doubt will prove Mr. lPITZGERALD. Yes. very serviceable in securing their permanent success and pros­ l\:fr. l\fANN. However the gentleman arrived at the opinion, perity? whether it comes from this side of the House or not, would not In conclusion, I wish to state that I have heard considerable the gentleman advise his side of the House to clinch it by put­ about the effect the passage of this bill would have on different ting it in this bill which is likely to become a law? districts. Let me say that I represent one of the greatest .Mr. FITZGERALD. Not at all; the gentleman and myself manufacturing and agricultural districts of the Middle West, are in hearty agreement. We know that those who are pro­ a district in which the .cities of Omaha and South Omaha are posing such amendments are not friends of the bill, but those located, whose census in 1010 totaled 124,006 and 26,000 people, who desire its defeat. Let me read from the controversy in­ respectively. Since coming to Washington I have not received dulged in between the gentleman from South Dakota [Mr. a single protest from my district against this bill. Not a manu­ MARTIN] and myself : ':facturer, jobber, or farmer has requested me to vote against it. Mr. MARTIN of South Dakota. I would say to the gentleman, Yes, I To show you that my district, which is inhabited by an intelli­ will vote for that l.>ill- gent and enterprising people, has sufficient manufacturing, agri­ Referring to the free-list bill- culture, and so forth, to be interested, and to protest if they so desired, I will quote you a few statistics : but the gentleman may rest assured that it will not pass. Omaha during 1910 sold $132,262,000 worth of merchandise. And in view of the assertion made by the gentleman from The manufacturing products of Omaha and South Omaha South Dakota and his well-known and generally expressed amounted to $200,968,541. Our bank clearings were $842,000,000; ·riews in favor of high-tariff rates, I could not withhold an real estate transfers, $15,273,455; our live stock receipts were expression of opinion that even at this time another branch of 6,132,451, divided into 1,223,533 head of cattle, 1,894,314 hogs, this Legislature had not awakened to the rising indignation of 2,084,870 sheep, and 20,734 horses and mules. In South Omaha the American people, and that it would perhaps take another we packed 3,746,454 head of live stock, comprising 708,950 cattle, storm, the cleaning out of some other places, before the relief l,G56,246 hogs, and 1,291,258 sheep. demanded by the people would be obtained from the Con­ The grain receipts of Omaha were ~ 43,007,400 bushels, repre­ gress. Whatever lack of legislation there may be here in the senting 9,212,400 bushels of wheat, 23,404,200 bushels of corn, interest of the people will not be due to the Democratic Party and 10,023,600 bushels of oats, or to . a Democratic House; it will rest upon the Republican 548 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. APRIL 21,

Party and that body which is now controlled by a Republican Mr. '.MALEY (continuing). I ask the gentleman from Ala­ majority. bama [l\lr. UNDERWOOD] in reference to this particular para­ The CHAIRl\IAN. The time of the gentleman has expired. graph and amendments I proposed. Mr. HOBSON. Mr. Chairmnn, I wish-- The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Florida. makes the The CHAIRMAN. Debate has been exhausted upon the pend­ point of order that the gentleman is not discussing the amend­ ing amendment. [Cries of "Regular order!"] The question is ment. Under the rules pertainin"' to debate under the five­ upon agreeing to _the amendment offered by the gentlemn.n from minute rule debate must be confined to the amendmeut or Kansas. proposition l>efore the committee. The gentlernnn will proceed The question was taken, and the Chair announced the noes in order. seemed to have it. Mr. l\lALBY. I understand that. I run trying to clo that, Upon a division (demanded by Mr. MADISON) there were- but my friend from Florida [Mr. CLARK] does not seem willing nyes 48, noes 140. to 1.mve me proceed. I was simply trying to ascertain from So the amendment was rejecteU. the authoritative leader of the House of Representativcs--- Tlrn CIIAIRl\fAN. The Clerk will read. Mr. CLA.RK of Florida. l\1r. Clmirman, I rnust insist tllat The Clerk read as follows: the gentleman is not proceeding in order. Shingles, 30 cents per 1,000. l\ir. HUGHES of New Jersey. .Mr. Chairman-- Mr. HOBSON. Mr. Chairman, I mo-re to strike out the last The CHAIR~IAN. Docs the gentleman from New York yield word for the purpose of enunciating this proposition. Frequent to the gentleman from New Jersey? anll unwnrrnnted reference is being made to the position of this Mr. l\fALilY. Not until I have completed my interrogn tory. side of the House. No matter what might be the opinion of the .l\lr. HUGHES of New Jersey. Will the gentleman please state gentleman from New York, or any othe·r gentleman on this side, llis amendment? except the majority leader, his expression of opinion is only an Mr. l\fALBY. The Clerk will revort it agaill if there is any expression for himself individually and does not in itself repre­ question about it. · sent the position and attitude of this side. When this side Mr. HUGHES of New Jersey. .i\Ir. Chairnrn.n, I ask 111rnni­ wishes to express an opinion it will do so through the gentlemuo. mons consent that the nmendment !Jc again revorteU. from Alabama, the majority leade1·, Mr. UNDrnwooD. [Laughter .Mr. l\IALilY. l\lr. Chairman, I would like a little fnrther and applause.] time. I suppose this is not being taken out of my time. Now Mr. MADISON. Mr. Chairman, I desire to offer. an amend­ that we have the policy of tllc House of Re11rcsentativcs fairly ment-- well understood, I would like to inquire spcc:ifically of the Mr. MANN. I desire to say, Mr. Chairman, that the Clerk g-entleman from Alabama [l\Ir. UNDEnwoon] wllether or 11 0 ~ the has no right to read so that nobody can hear. Democratic Party is in favor of placing lumber on the free list. The CHAill~lAN. The Chair was endeavoring to obtain I would just like an answer to that inquiry. order. Mr. UNDERWOOD. I will say to the ge::.i.tleman thn t tho Democratic Party more than two years ago announced it.s posi­ Mr. ?lfA:r..~. The Clerk should cease reading while the Chair is endea·rnring to obtain order. tion on that question in its platform, and the Members of Con­ The CHAIRMAN. Order in the committee depends not so gress representing the Democratic Party are tl'ying to cnrry much upon the efforts of the Chair as upon the efforts of mem­ out the platform. [Applause on tho Democratic sicle.] bers of the committee. The Chair is endeayoring to obtain and l\1r. MALEY. Mr. Chairman, that is llarclly n specific nnswer keep order. to my inquiry. I want to know-- Mr. l\IANN. We are not criticizing the Chair. Mr. HUGHES of New Jersey. It is the best anyone rnn do The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will not read during disorder. with that kind of inquiry. Mr. MALEY. Mr. Chairman-- l\Ir. MALBY. I want to know specifically, so that we may, The CHAIRMAN. For what purpose does the gentleman carry the answer home to the people of the United States who rise? are not-- :Mr. MALBY. For the purpose of making an inquiry with 1\fr. CLAYTON. Just swear the witness. [Laughter.] reference to what the Clerk has just read. l\fr. MALEY (continuing). In fa -ror of free lumber. I want The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman will state it. the Democratic Party through their authority, through the Mr. MALBY. Tho gentleman from Alabama has stated that gentleman who represents them on the floor of this Hom:;c, to we arc not to be directed by what the gentleman from New state specifically whether they are in favor of free lumber York has said, but the gentleman from Alabama-- [Cries of or not. " Regular order ! "] Mr. UNDERWOOD. I will say to the gentleman, in order The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from New York is not in that I may save time, that we have inh·oducetl a bill pntting orcler. lumber on the free list. I nm for it, nnd I nm sure this side Ur. 1\IALBY. Well, the Chair can not determine whether I of the House is for it, and we expect to pass it within tl.10 next am in order until I have made my inquiry. few dnys or weeks. [Applause on the Democratic side.] The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman is not in order. Mr. MALEY. I tllink, l\Ir. Chairman, that fairly answers l\Ir. UA.LBY. I move to strike out tho last paragraph. my question. The CH..AIR~lA.N. The gentleman from New York mov-es to Mr. UNDERWOOD. I will present the gentleman with a strike out the last paragraph. copy of the bill if he has not seen it. [Applause on the Demo­ ?\Ir. MANN. I ask to ha -re the amendment reported. cratic side.] Tlle CHAIRMA.i.~. The Clerk will report the amendment. Mr. l\IALBY. Ob, I have seen the bill. Now, Mr. Chairman, Tlle Clerk read as follows : I am yery much pleased, indeed, to receive from such authori­ Page 7, strike out line 25. tatiYe source the fact that our friends on tho other side are in Mr. MALBY. Mr. Chairman, I am not so particular how it favor of free lumber. may read hero as how it will read to the country. The gentle­ The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman's time lrns expired. man from Alabama suggests we are not following the lead of l\Ir. MA.LEY. l\Ir. Chairman, I trust that tbe Clerk llns not my colleague from New York, but of his colleague from Ala­ been taking out of my time all of this loose talk. bama. The CHAIRMAN. The Chair timed the gentleman, aurl the I nm not so particular as to whom we are to follow as to gentleman's time has cxpirecl. ascertain exactly what we arc to follow. I would like to have Mr. MALEY. .Mr. Chairman, I ask unani:J1ous consent to my friend from Alabama [:Mr. UNDEnwoon] state--- continue for a couple of minutes more. Hr. CLARK of Florida. l\Ir. Chairman-- Mr. .AD.AIR. Regular order, Mr. Chairman. '.rlle CHAIRl\l.A.1~. Does the gentleman from New York [Mr. Mr. 1\fALBY. :Mr. Clmirman, I ask mmnimous corn:icnt to MALnY] yield to the gentleman from Florida [Mr. CLARK]? continue for two minutes. Mr. .MALBY. Not yet. I would like to make an inquiry. Tl.le CIIAIRMAN. The gentleman from New York asks Mr. CLARK of Florida. The gentleman is not discussing the unanimous consent to proceed for two minutes. Is tberc ob­ amendment. jection? The CJLURMAl~. The gentleman from New York will pro­ Mr. GARRETT. Mr. Cllairman, I olJject. ceed in order. l\ir. .l\fADISON. Mr. Clrnirman, my recollec:tion is th11t the l\lr. 1\1.A.LBY. I always proceed in order if I get n. chance to Clerk read line 25. Is not that true? pr~eed. In order that tho House may know and that the The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk has rend line 2o. connh·y may know the position of the majority in Congress-­ l\1r. 1\IADISON. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out line 25. Mr. CLARK of Florida. Mr. Chairman, I make the point I understan

Un~ HARDWICK.. The gentleman from New York just made and then offer the amendment I have just read. I propose to that motion to strike out line 2G. offeu it, but I shall have nothing further to say on this subject. The CHAIRMAN~ As the Chair understood trhe. motion of It has been pretty well discussed, and I do not desire to take the gentleman from New York, it was ta strike out the la:st two up the time of the House. We nil understand the situation. words just read. If so, the motion of the gentleman from The bill as it stands admits rough lumber free and materially Kansas [l\Ir. MADISON] is in order. reduces the duty on manufactured lumber. That is a great l\Ir. MADISON. I desire to move to strike out the para­ deal, but I would make it a-bsolutel'y free. graph, but do not desire to discuss it. Mr. RAINEY. Mr. Chairmnn, I want ta suggest this to the 'l'lle CHAIRMAN. Does anyone desire to be heard in oppo­ gentleman, in view of the impossibility of amending this bill, sition to the amendment? which he himself will admit, which I bcliev-e he did admit a lUr. RAINEY. I do, Mr. Chairman:. I desire to be heard in while ago-- opvosition, simply for the purpose of putting these lumber ex­ 1\:I:r. l\IA.DISO:N. Oh, I did not. perts stra:ight. [Laughter on the Democratic side.] 1\Ir. RATh"'EY. If he should succeed in currying these amend­ I understand these gentlemen from Kansas urc. ma.king these ments and then fail to get his free-list amendment in when we motions because they stand for free lumber.. r understand ulso get to that, what position will the gentleman then occupy? He that tlle gentleman from New York made his motion because he will bave increased the tariff 100 per cent O\er the amount stanus for free lumber. which this bill now proposes. _ l\1r. 1\.IALBY. Oh, no. Mr. l\LillISON. I dicl not admit for one moment that this l\Ir. HARDWICK. Ile made his motion been.use he is op­ bill could not be amended. posed to it. It seems they arc making these motions for oppo­ Mu. RAINEY. I thought the gentleman had found out by site reasons. [Laughter on the Democratic side.] this- time tlla1l it can not be nmen; page 17, strike our the perfod' become a lawr and insert a comma and add the words ·• shinglesr laths, fence. posts-, Ur. GARRETT. 1 think it will if it is not amended. sawed boards, plank!!', deals, arrd other. lumber, rough or- dressed', except boar

Mr. G.A.RilETT. The gentleman from Ne!Jraska is one of the other end of this Capitol an opportunity as well as an excuse keenest men in this House. Does he not know that an amend­ to kill it. [Appla use.] ment to the bill will defeat the bill? The CHAIRMAN. The question is on the amendment offered Mr. NORRIS. On the other hand, I do not believe any such by the gentleman from Nebraska. proposition. In view of the high intelligence and wisdom of the The question was taken, and on a division (demanded by l\fr. gentlemen who have made that statement here, I can not under­ NORRIS) there were-ayes 46, noes 110. stand why they should make a statement of that kind. So the amendment was rejected. The gentleman from Illinois and the gentleman from Okla­ The Clerk read as follows: homa, speaking against the amendment offered by the gentle­ Sawed boards, planks, deals, and other lumber, planed or finished on man from Kansas, said tbat it would increase the rates. I think one side, 50 cents per 1,000 feet, board measure ; planed or finished on one side and tongued and grooved, or planed or finished on two shies, we understand what the parliamentary procedure would have 7G cents per 1.000 feet, board measure; planed ot• finished on three sides, been hacl the gentleman's motion prevailed, and had it carried or planed and finished on two sides and tongued and grooved, $1.12~ . we would ha-ve put lumber on the free list. If we pass this per 1,000 feet, board measure ; planed and finished on four sides, $1.50 per 1,000 feet, board measure; and in estimating board measure under amendment I ham offered, or in the consideration of it the this schedule no deduction shall be made on board measure on account ~rgu~1ents made by ~ese gentlemen against it do not prevail, of planing, tonguing, and grooving. it w11l reduce the tanff on lumber from the country that we want to get it reduced from, practically the only country on Mr. MADISON. l\fr. Chairman, I move to strike out the para­ earth that would O of the House during this debate, and therefore I ask your in­ far as I am concerned I have no further discussion to make. dulgen~e f?r five. m~nutes. Th~ Democratic Party does not i1re­ ~Ir. LANGLEY. l\Ir. Chairman, I rise for the purpose of op­ Ecnt thls bill as its ideal of tariff legislation. It is by no means posing this amendment, because of the avowed purpose of its all that we desire. We present it, though, on account ot the author to ultimately move to place lumber upon the free list. political situation in the country, the House being Democratic The gentleman from Nebraska [l\Ir. NORRIS] stated that we and the Senate being of the opposite political complexion and want lumber upon the free list. I do not know to whom he re­ with a Republican President. ' ferred when he said " we." If we were playing politics, as some gentlemen have sug­ l\lr. NORHIS. I did not refer to the gentleman from Ken­ gested during the progress of this debate that we were we tucky. [Laughter.] would preEent our tariff measure complete and as a whole' and l\Ir. LANGLEY. I hope not, but I beg to inform the gentle­ let the Republican Senate and President turn it down so as man that there are a great many on this side of the House-­ to bring upon those branches of the Government the ~a{ne just Ur. NORRIS. And a great many on the other side, too. condemnation of the public that has already been visitecl upon l\Ir. LANGLEY (continuing). Who are protection Repub­ this branch, which has made so many absent seats on the He­ licans, nnd who do not want lumber on the free list; and I want publican side of this Chamber. [Applause ori the Democratic to say thnt I am reliably informed that there are a good many side.] gentlemen upon the other side of the House, too, who do not We are giving the people of the United States a half loaf, want lumber upon the free list. [Applause.] I believe that if which is better than none. We are giving them now, so far as gentlemen voted unh·ammeled, voted their real sentiments-the we have the power to give them anything, something that can way they actually feel about it-on that side as well as upon pass both branches of this Legislature and be approved by the this side of the House, there would not be the ghost of a chance President of the United States. of this reciprocity treaty passing the House of Representatives. We can not shut our eyes to the fact that there is -violent I claim the same right to stand for the local interests of my opposition, not only on this floor but at the opposite end of the district as gentlemen on that side do for the .local interests of Capitol, not only in this country but in another country that theirs. is affected by this reciprocal agreement, to its passage. . Some l\Ir. HARDY. Will the gentleman yielcl for a question? gentlemen have raised the question that the President had 1\lr. LANGLEY. Not now. The wishes of the people inter­ acted beyond his power in this matter. We say in answer to ested in the lumber industry in the mountains of Kentucky ap­ that that it is not a question of power, but a que. tion of policy peal to me just as much as do the wishes of those interested in that is involved in this matter. No man on this side contenus the mica or peanut industries in North Carolina or the fish in­ that the President of the United States bas the power to at­ dustry in Massachusetts or in any pther industry in any other tempt to originate tariff legislation, and no man on that side section of the country that may be affected. by this measure. or on this side can truthfully say that he has attempted to I come from what is generally consiclered a Democratic district. do it in this case. He has simply suggested to the Congress of Three times I have been elected on a platform favoring protec­ the United States that he has been able to secure an agreement tion to lumber. I am glad to have the gentleman from Ala!Jama with certain executive authorities of the Dominion of Canada [1\Ir. UNDEnwooD] state here to the House and to the country by which the parties have agreed to recommend to the legisla­ that the Democratic Party stands for free lumber now. A good tive branches of both Governments laws to carry out this many who opposed me for Congress contended that the Demo­ agreement for reciprocal reduction of tariff duties between the cratic Party did not and would not. I was elected two years two countries. ago over a gentleman nominated by the Democratic Party who If the House passes this bill it will be legislating on its own announced that he was not only in favor of protection to lumber, initiati\e and in accordance with its own will entirely. So but that he was in favor of doubling the Republican rate of pro­ that when the Democratic majority in this Chamber stands by tection u11on it, and the rate then was higher than it is now­ the President in this matter, when we say we will take this the Dingley rate being then in force. proposition as it comes to us from him unamended, we will Mr. RUCKER of :Missouri. Well, you ought to have defeated take this agreement for lower tariff duties as recommended by that kind of a man. the executive departments of both counh·ies, we also say we Mr. LANGLEY. Well, I thought so, too, although he was not will not load it down with amendments, in this Chamber at as bad as some of you are on this tariff question. least, where we have both the power and the responsibility. l\Ir. HUGHES of New Jersey. Will the gentleman yield? We will not give to the Republican Senate an excuse to kill it; l\fr. LANGLEY (continuing). And if all of the people in my we will not give to the opposition party in the Dominion of district had believed what the gentleman from Alabama stated Canada a pretext to slay it. Therefore, although this legisla­ awhile ago, my majority last fall, notwithstanding the Demo­ tion is not perfect, although we favor free lumber and many cratic landslide over the counh·y, would have been 4,000 instead more tariff reductions that can not be carried in this bill, which of 2,000, as it was. is intended to carry out a reciprocal agreement already nego­ Mr. HUGHES of New Jersey. Wlll the gentleman yield-­ tiated, yet we will gi'rn the people of the United States a chance Mr. GARDNER of Massachusetts. Will the gentleman yield? to get at least these tariff reductions on Canadian products. if it Mr. LANGLEY. 1\fr. Chairman, I decline to yield to gentle- can be accomplished during the present session of Congress, men on either side of the House. I do not want to be dis­ without delay, and we will not play politics with it and load courteous to anybody, and especially to my friend from l\Iassa­ it down with amendments that might give its enemies at the chusetts and my friend from New Jersey, but I have not the 1911.- CONGRESSIONkL RECORD-HOUSE. 551 time. The gentleman from Massachusetts says that he wants to very small in comparison with the profits in the manufacturing indus­ tries which you are asked to favcr by this treaty. help me by asking me a question. [Laughter.] I ask you to consider the history of .American agriculture for the past ~fr. HUGHES of New Jersey. I;Ie did not have anything on century. The inducements offered by the Federal Government for the me. I wanted to do the same thing. [Laughter.] ra:pid settlement of the new lands of the West, the invention o! ma­ chmery to till these lands and to haCTest the crops grown upon them, l\Ir. LANGLEY. l\fr. Chairman, I am c..~ccedingly obliged to and the building of railroads to transport these crops to market all my friend from New Jersey, who is always courteous to this worked to canse n production of foodstuffs far in excess of the demand. side of the House, and also to my friend from Massachusetts, A system of farming based upon soil robbery resulted, and much of the time farm products were -produced at a loss if labor and depletion of who seems to desire to help me, but I do not feel that I need soil fertility had been taken into account. !farmers became discour­ any help. [Laughter.] The people of my district have commis­ aged. boys who could get away left the farms, and the business was sioned me, Mr. Chairman, to vote against any proposition look­ considered a good one to get out of. All this time, when the prices of our farm products were determined by the surplus sold in free-trade ing to the pl:icing of lumber upon the free list, and I pro­ markets, we were allowed n. high protective tariff on foodsturrs. In the pose to carry out their commission and cast my vote accord­ past few years a change bas taken pince. Population has Increased so ingly. . that consumption has overtaken production and prices have Increased so that the farmer is able to get a living wage for bis work and some l\Ir. Chairman, the prosperity of the lumber industry involves interest on his investment. We have passed from the soil-robbery stage n. living for many a poor man and his family in my dish·ict, and of our agriculture to the higher stage, which requires tra.ined men who I know that it means the same thing in many other States of see the need of maintaining the fertility of the soil. The past 10 years of higher prices have witnessed the employment of this Union. It is the second or third greatest industry in the more capital and better methods, and the farms have responded with a United States, involving millions and millions of dollars and the larger and surer production to meet the need of the Increasing popula­ :wages of thousands and thousands of men. If free lumber from tion, but the record so fur but points the way to what the farms of this country may do by the employment of yet more capital and generally Canada will depress the lumber industry, as I believe it will, improved methods. then I am opposed to it; if it will not hav~ that effect, then it I maintain that our experiment stations nnd good farmers in C>ery will not help or hurt anybody, and the only result will be the State have demonstrated that the producing power of our farms may be made several times what it is now and that we cnn take care of our presentation to Canada of that much revenue which would other­ population for centuries to come. Now, to satisfy the demand of con­ wise go into the Treasury of the United States to help bear the sumers for cheaper food, it ls proposed to place upon us tile burden of expenses of our Government; and all foreigners look a.like to competition with mlllions of acres of cheap virgin soil. Out of every dollar that the consumer now pays for food we get but 35 cents, the me when it comes to injuring our home markets by letting other G5 cents going for transportation and distribution, and this 35 foreign products in. [Applause.] cents is not now giving us more than a fair compensation tor our work. The CHAIRMAN. The question is upon the amendment We ask you to consider if it is wise to interrupt the development of our own agricultural resources, which has now been so well be;:;un, while offered by the gentleman from Kansas. once more the process of soil robbery and profitless a.griculture is car­ The question was taken, and the amendment was rejected. ried on in a foreign country. We !armers of Vermont have everything The Clerk read as follows: to lose and nothing to gain by this treaty, and we are expecting you to protect our interests. Coal, bituminous, round and run of mine, including bituminous coal With kindest regards to you in every way, I am, such as wm not pass through a three-quarter inch screen, 45 cents per ton. Very truly, yours, E. L. BrnGILUI. Mr. FOSTER of Vermont. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike M:y colleague Mr. PLUMLEY has handed me two letters ad­ out the last word. dressed to him, one of the 25th and one of the 26th of last Ilecause of the great demand for time on the Republican side January, by one of the leading farmers in his district, showing of the House, I failed to secure an opportunity to discuss this that when the news of the · reciprocity agreement with Canada measure dudng the general debate; and I shall not attempt any reached the Vermont farmers they did not wait to hear from general discussion of the measure now under the five-minute the "big interests," but promptly sent in their protest. Let me role. But I feel that it is due myself and due the farmers of read these letters : my district that I repudiate the suggestion of the gentleman WATERBtmY, VT., January f5, 1911. from Massachusetts [Mr. McCALL]. In closing tho general de­ Hon. FRANK PLUULEY, Washington, D. 0. DEAR Sm : I inclose clipping from yesterday's Boston Globe, which bate in behalf of those Republicans who favor the measure he leads me to ask you if you are earnestly looking after the interests of strongly intimated his belief that the farmers of the country, the farmers of Vermont in connection with reciprocity with Cnnada. in opposing reciprocity with Canada, were not acting in good This man GARDXER, and all other Massachusetts Representatives in Congress and such representatives outside of Congress, as the notorious faith, were not expressing their own convictions, but were being Foss, are demanding an open market for C::mudian farm products, but made the cat's-paw by the big interests. I hold no brief for all their own interests must be protected. Not for 25 years, until the farmers of the country at large; but I can speak for the within the last 3 or 4 years, have Vermont fa.rm products returned the cost of production. farmers of my district and for the farmers of Vermont. And No one seems to. know what kind of a trade the President ha.s made so far as they are concerned, the insinuation of the gentleman with the representatives of Canada, but I suppose we shall know after from Massachusetts is slanderous in the extreme. The farmers to-morrow, and I hope and believe that you will not fail the Vermont farmer, for he is going to need your best efforts now and in the next of Vermont are opposed to reciprocity because of their convic­ Congress a.s nc>er before. tion that it is an utterly unfair discrimination against them Very respectfully, yours, GEon.GE G. GRAXT. :md against the farmers of tho country as a class. Let me read to you a letter written on the 20th of last January, before the WATERBUil.Y, VT., January 25, 1911. detnils of the provisions of the agreement were benerally known. The writer is one of the progressive farmers of my district, Hon. FRAXK PLUMLEY, Washington., D. a. DEAil. Sm : These people arc more sensitive in their pockets than In and the letter voices the convictions of the farmers of Vermont: their stomachs where their own pockets are affected, but they will be ST . .ALBANS, VT., January SO, 1911. just as insistent in their demand that they be fed at the expense of the Vermont farmer as they nro in their demand for protection at the Hon. D. J: FOSTER, Washington, D. a. expense of all the people. MY DE.\R 1\IR. FOSTER: I believe tlrn.t portion of your constituents We do not ask for free fish; we are willing they should ha>e all the which is made up of the farmers of Vermont has a genuine cause !or protection they need. Ilut we do ask for a square deal, and that we alarm in the prospect of the passage of the proposed reciprocity treaty shall not be compelled to feed their mill bands on farm products that with Canada, and I wonld like to wvc you my reasons for this belief. do not pay t.hc cost of production that they may thereby hire those I realize that in the .jnst settlement of this tarifl'. question there same mm bands at a lower wage. shoukl be a patriotic consideration of the greatest good for the greatest Can you send me a copy of the present tarifr law? . number, but from the newspaper reports of this treaty we can see no Respectfully, yours, just distribution of its burdens or its benefits. The Washington corre­ spondent of the Journal of Commerce says that the plan of the com­ GEORGE G. Ga.A..~T. mission has been to select tbe commouities for reciprocitv in such n The farmers of Vermont do their own thinking. They carry way as to a.rouse the smallest amount of antagonism on either side of the border. I presume that it was in keeping with this policy that the their own convictions under their own hats. They- know by articles which arc on the proposed free list arc, with the one exception reputation the gentleman from :Massachusetts [Mr. McCALL]. of fish, mnde up of products of the farm. I nm fully aware that They recognize his ability, hi!:\ scholarship, his high standing in the agricultural interests have the least effective business organization of UDY industry in the country, and for that reason they arc the least Congress and out of Congress. But they could remind Wm that prepared to offer effective resistance to any encroachment upon their two :rears ago, when we were attempting to revise the tariff, he rights, but we can at I en st appeal to the sense of justice of the Presi­ was one of n. small coterie of "elder statesmen" that stood like dent and Congress of the United States. As farmers we would not greatly object to free t.rnde with Canada or n stone wall to prevent such a reasonable downward revision to a reciprocal agreement which woulcl enable us to benefit by the Ion-er of the tariff ns the people of the country had reason to expect cost of muny things whlch., as cons11mers, we could purchase in Can­ at tlie hands of the Republican Party. ada, because we realize that we would have little to fear from a free interchange of commodities with a people having n. standard of living The CH.AIRl\fAN. Without objection, the pro forma. amend­ and economic resources similar to our own, but we maintain that a ment is withdrawn.. treaty like the one proposed, which throws the whole burden upon agri­ There was no objection. culture and gives no benefits in return, is manifestly· unfair. If the farmers of this country were unduly prosperous and were ac­ The Clerk read as follows: cumulating large fortunes, we could see some justice in such a course, Live animals: Cattle, horses and mules, swine, sheep, lnmbs, nnd all but I maintain that such is not the case. We invite the fullest investi­ other live animals. gation into the profits in farming, even where it is conducted in the most careful and scientific manner, with the full knowledge that the Mr. L.A. FOLLETTE. 1\Ir. Chairman, I offer the following profits, after deducting labor, interest, and other fixed chargl!s, would be amendment~ 552 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE. APRIL 21,

The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will report the amendment. way-that it is still your hope that that free-list bill that you pro­ The Clerk read as follows : · pose will never become a law, unroducts. With that understand the conditions. statement upon record, is Presitlent Taft going to veto this A l\lEMilER. Tell us about them. llill if we place these articles upon the free list, where he has Mr. LA FOLLETTE. I want to say that for 2,000 miles along saicl there is no difference in the cost of production between this the border sheep are run in bands from 1,000 to 5,000 head. country and Canada? No, gentlemen upon the other side of the There is nothing in the world to hinder the sheepman from House, you have got to find some further excuse than you have running the sheep a hundred miles. He cnn drive down into the yet giyen for defeating these amendments. United States by slow stages to James Hill's railroad, shear l\Ir. HA.UDY. Mr. Chairman, right here and right now I them there, and take his time and drive them back again into believe that we ought to keep the record straight and to make Canada. You fellows laugh at this, lJut it is simply because it right. It is hard for me to believe that the gentleman from you do not understand the conditions. That means the market­ 'Visconsin [l\fr. LENROOT], who last addressed the House, and , ing of millions of pounds of wool from Canada that loses to the the gentleman from Nebraska [Mr. NORRIS] and the gentleman Government of the United States from 11 to 12 cents pet' from Kansas [l\lr. MADISON] can not see what seems so clenr. pound duty. I simply wanted to call attention to tllis. You will They talk about sincerity, and they insist so earnestly upon not pay any attention to it, but the people of the United States their amendments that I must give them credit for their sin­ will pay attention to it. [Laughter and cries of "Vote!"] cerity, but they certainly know if we inject in this lJill items of The CHAIRMAN. The question is on the amendment offered free imports in favor of Canada, tbat under our treaties with by the gentleman from Washington. other nations, the favored-nation clause will mnke the items The question was taken, and the amendment was rejected. we pnt on the free list in this bill entitled to the free admis­ Mr. PICKETT. l\lr. Chairman, I desire to offer the following sion from every country, because every other nation will insist, amendment. and properly, that under our treaties with them they are entitled The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will report the amendment. to the same rates aecorded freely to Canada. The Clerk read as follows: l\fr. LENROOT. Will the gentleman yield? Insert after the word " cattle " in line 5, page 16, the following : l\lr. HARDY. Not yet. Knowing, then, that anyone who will "Except cattle fattened for slaughter." Yote conscientiously and honestly for the admission of one of l\lr. PICKETT. Mr. Chairman, I do not desire to consume these items into the free list in this bill will likewise vote for the time of the House in discussing the merits of this ameud­ ·the same item in our free-list bill, and that those who are op- ment. I want to call attention, howe er, to this fact, that when posed to our general free-list lJill will vote against this bill with the convention between the Go>ernments of Canada and France thCFiC amendments in it-- but a few years ago was negotiated by the representntiYes .l\fr. LE~ROOT. Will the gentleman yie1cl now? of their respective countries, the Senate of France r efnsed Mr. HARDY. Not yet. I say, l\1r. Chairman, they must to concur in it unless an amendment such as this was first know that to load this measure down with these additional items, incorporated. making this bill, as I have explained, a free-list bill with all And Canacla acceded to it. Here is a precedent that we can t.lle world, uruler. the favored-nation clause of our various amend this h·eaty; here is a precedent, in substance, where treaties, we will give every man who is at heart opposee an opportunity, if it chooses, to strike to be clearly presented, whether the people of this country, out all of these amendments? through their Representati>es in this House or through· their :Mr. HAHDY. Certainly it will; but, on the other hand, the other responsible officials, are less concerned in the pretection Senate will also have an 011portunity to vote on this measure as of the farming interests of this country than was the Govern­ it comes from the Honse anc.l, by these very amendments the ment of France for the farming interests of l!'rancc. I want gentleman is now insisting on, an excnse to kill it. the RECORD to show whether you gentlemen upon that side of J. Tow, the gentleman know-A thnt if the Senate should really the Hall are less in sympathy with our farmers than were the have a majority in fn•or of these items that he proposes on representati>es of the French people in their Senate. the free list, they can put them onto this bill and pnss it in the The CHAIRMAN. The question is on agreeing to the amend­ Senate. I belieye if they could eyer get them onto this bill ment offered by the gentleman from Iowa [Mr. PICKETT] . and pas~ the bill through the Sena tc we might yote on it here, The question was taken, and the amendment was rejected. ancl we would vote for it unhesitatingly if you will nssure us Mr. LENROOT. .l\lr. Chairman, I offer the . amendment that your President will not veto it. We will vote for every which I send to the Clerk's desk. free item here that comes from tlle Senate. nut we will not The CHAIR~fAl~. The gentleman from Wisconsin offers an load the bill down here so tbat the Senate will kill it, and we amendment, which the Clerk will report. will not gh·e a chance to the President for Yetoing it by load­ The Clerk read as follows: ing it down nt all. We will give the President his bill just as he has asked it and we will make the Republican Senate swal­ In line 6, on page lG, after the word "animals," insert the following: " Fresh meats : Ileef, veal, mutton, lamb, pork, and all other fresh or low it or repudiate their own President. [Cries of "Vote!" refrigerated meats ; bacon and ham; meats of all kinds, dried, smoked, "Vote!"] salted, in brine, or prepa red or preserved in any manner ; canned Mr. LENROOT. Will the gentleman from Texns yield? meats; extract of meat; lard and compounds thereof; and tallow. The CHAIU~.IAN. Will the gentleman from Texas yield to l\lr. LENROOT. Mr. Chairman, I think the record of this the gentleman from Wisconsin? afternoon's proceedings should show that when the gentleman 1\Ir. HARDY. I will. from Ohio [Mr. LONGWORTII] a short time ago made certain ob­ Mr. LENROOT. I want to ask the gentleman whether he jections to placing these articles upon the free list be made thinks he has got a better opportunity to get his free· list one which was applauded upon the other side of the House, through in a separate bill or on this bill, so far as the action wllich was that to place these articles upon the free list in this of the President is concerned? bill would conflict with the fn>ored-nation clause in our treaty. l\fr. HARDY. I am glad the gentleman asked thnt question. And yet, although they approYed that sentiment of the gentle­ I feel sure we will get what is in this bill if you do not kill rnnn from Ohio [Mr. LoNawonTH], they say that in three or four it by amendments. I feel sure that if we pass this bill just as ols, and the scientific study amendment in their behalf. [Cries of "Vote!" "Vote!"] of soils and grasses, the farmers in the Northwestern States The CHAIRMAN. The question is on the amendment offered have been able to develop a great industry. by the gentleman from Wisconsin [l\fr. KoPP]. The great dairy countries of the wor1d, Mr. Chairman, are The question being taken, the amendment was rejected. Denmark, Be1giurn, Holland, Norway, and Russia. Many years The Clerk read as follows : ago ex1)ert cheese makers and butter makers from most of these Fresh fruits: Apples, pear!;!, peaches, grapes, berries, and all other countries settled in Canada, and there they have developed this edible fruits in their natural state, excC'pt lemons, oranges, limes, grape­ fruit, shaddocks, pomelos, and pineapples. great industry. Only in recent years have we developed it in this country, and thereby we have added hundreds of millions Mr. MAR'rIN of South Dakota. l\Ir. Chairman, I offer the of dollars to our wealth. We have been enabled to take farms amendment, which I send to the Clerk's desk. in the rough country where nothing could be produced and by The CHAIRMAN. The gentle:i;nan from South Dakota offers grazing them have developed great dairies. an amendment, which the Clerk will report. Now, this last year there was exported by all countries that The Clerk read as follows: export cheese a total amount of 485,000,000 pounds, of which Page 16, line 1G, strike out the word "except" and strike out lines 17 and 18. Canada exported 172,000,000 pounds, over one-third, while the Mr. MARTIN •)f South Dakota. Mr. Chairman, there are United States exported but 10,000,000 pounds. . Now, Mr. Chair­ several legislative curiosities in this so-called reciprocity agree­ man, the proposition is to throw open our markets to 172,000,000 ment. This is one of them. In the provision regarding the pounds of Canadian cheese, to say nothing of the 6,000,000 admission of fresh fruit from the United States, on page 20, all pounds of butter which she also yearly exports, as compared to fresh fruits grown in the United States are admitted free of 9,000,000 pounds exported by us. duty into the Dominion of Canada; but when we come to the A great deal has been said as to the difference in the cost of subject of the admission of fresh fruit from the Dominion of cheese, or the price of cheese and butter in Canada and here. Canada into the United States, in line lG, page 16, this re­ In order to remove all doubt I went to the Library yesterday markable exception is made: and went through tl1e files of the Toronto Grocer, one of the Except lemons, ol'anges, limes, grapefruit, shaddocks, pomelos, and leading dairy papers in Canada, and took the quotations·on the pineapples. 28th of every month, and took the same prices in Elgin for '554 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. APRIL 21, butter'" and Chicago for cheese for that day. I will rend you the The Olerk read as follows: results. Take butter : Page 17, line 1, strike out the paragraph. A:r:crage price of o·camory biitter for the year 1909, in Elgin and Toronto. Mr. LANGLEY. Mr. Chairman, I do this for the purpose of putting myself on record in opposition to this provision. The Elgin. Toronto. egg industry is an important one in my district, as well as in other agricultural sections of the country. A great many eggs Cents .. Cents. are already imported from Canada und:er the present tariff r~te. Janu:uy ---····· ...... 30~ 25! It will necessarily follow, if they are placed upon the free llst, February...... ····--·······-· ...... 29~ 24 that a much larger number will be imported, and, according to ' March ...... 29~ 21 28 24 the law of supply and demand, this will necessarily reduce the ~~~ ::: :::::: :: :::: :: :: :: :: : : : : :: :: : : : : ::: ::: ::: :: : : :: :: : : : ::: 25~ 23 egg market in this country; and on behalf of the farmers who June ...... 26 21 will be injured by this provision I have offered this amendment, July...... 26 23 August...... : ..•••.• 27, 21i although I know from what has occurred here this afternoon September...... 30 22 that it is fruitless for me to offer it, because I already hear the October ...... 30! 24 machinery of the steam roller starting up, and the gentleman November ...... 311 25 December ...... 3-!~ 25 in charge of it is becoming impatient to roll it over this amend­ ment as he has O\er all others of a like character that have been offered. On cheese the price dift'ered from 2 to 4 cents a pound ev~ry The CHAIRMAN. The question is on the amendment offered single month in the year 1909, which is the last ~ar ~or whi:h by the gentleman from Kentuch.-y. we have the figures. Tl.le following shows the prices m detail: The question was taken, and the amendment was rejected. Average price of full crcani cheese for the year 1909 in Chicago and The Clerk read as follows: Toronto. Seeds : Flaxseed or linseed, cotton seed, and other oil seeds ; grass seed· including timothy and clover see

Mr. LANGLEY. ~fr. Chairman, I offer the following amend- 1\Ir. LANGLEY. I started to say, I see that the steam roller ment, which I send to the desk and nsk to lmve read. is oiled and ready to roll over all these amendments, and I do The Clerk read us follows: not desire to detain the committee. Page 17, strike out lines 24 and 25. The CHAIRMAN. The question is on agreeing to the amend- l\lr. LANGLEY. Mr. Chairman, let me explain here that I ment offered by the gentleman from Kentucky. am also going to move to strike out the four succeeding para­ 'l'he question was taken, and the amendment was rejected. graphs on lmge 18 of this bill. All five of these paragraphs, The Clerk read as follows : you will observe, propose to put lumber, in some form or other, Wooden staves of ail kinds, not furthill" manufactured than listed or upon the free list. I am opposed to all of it. I think ·we have jointed, and stave llolts. · little enough protection to lumber now. I have already indi­ l\Ir. LANGLEY. 1\Ir. Chairman, I move to strike out tile cated, as fully as I could in five minutes, my views upon this paragraph. question, and I thought I would explain now that it is my pur­ The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will report the amendment. pose in offering all five of .these amendments to take lumber in The Clerk read as follows: any form off the free list embodied in this treaty, so that when Strike out lines 5 and 6 on page 18. I offer these four amendments I can do so without explana­ Mr. LANGLEY. 1\fr. Chairman, I do not desire to (liscuss tion. Moreover, it is evident that it is perfectly useless to the amendment for the reasons already stated. make an argument in support of all of these amendments, as l\Ir. UNDERWOOD. 1\Ir. Chairman, the item the gentleman those fa-voring the treaty have already demonstrated that they is trying to strike out has been passeu. do not proposed to-permit an amendment to it. l\Ir. LANGLEY. l\fr. Chairman, I understood the Clerk had 'l'he CHAIRMAN. The question is on the amendment offered read down to "stave bolts," in line 6, ~and I moved to strike by the gentleman from Kentucky. out the paragraph. The question was taken, and the amendment was rejected. The CHAIRMAN. The Chair thinks the gentleman's am('nd­ Mr. MADISON. Mr. Chairman, I offer the following amend­ ment is in time. If there is any confusion it was due to the ment, which I send to the desk and ask to have read. Chair's fault. The question is upon the amendment of the The Clerk read as follows: ~entleman, which is to strike out lines 5 and G on page 18. After the word "wharves," in line 25, page 17, strike out the period The question was taken, and the amendment was rejected. and insert a comma, anu add the words " shingles, laths, fencing posts, The Clerk read as follows : sawed boards, planks, deals, and other lumber, rough or dressed, except boards, planks, deals, and other lumber of lignum-vitre, lancewood, Pickets and palings. ebony, box, grnndilla, mahogany, rosewood, satinwood, and all other Mr. LANGLEY. I move to strike out the paragraph. cabinet woods." Mr. GARRETT. Mr. Chairman, I think the gentleman from Mr. ~!ADISON. l\fr. Chairman, I have nothing further to Kentucky ought to give his reasons-- [Cries of" Oh, no!"] say upon this matter. It is simply one of a series of amend­ l\Ir. LANGLEY. Mr. Chairman-- ments that I stated that I would offer. Mr. GARilE'.l'T. l\Ir. Chairman, I think there ought to be The CHAIRMAN. The question is on agreeing to the amend- some display of the intelligence that lies behind such a motion. ment. 1\Ir. LANGLEY. lilr. Chairman, I am sure the gentleman The question was taken, and the amendment was rejected. from Tennessee, who is always courteous and amiable, does not The Clerk read as follows : mean quite what his language might imply. He will recall Snwed boards, planks, deals, and other lumber, not further ma1mfac­ that I said to the committee a little while ago that I would tured than sawed. offer a motion to strike out all these paragraphs to place any Mr. LANGLEY. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out lines lumber in any form on the free list, because I did not think that 1 18. and 2 on page we have any too much protection on lumber now. M~reover, l\fr. NORRIS. Mr. Chairman, I offer the following amend­ out of consideration for gentlemen on that side who have been ment, which I send to the desk and ask to have read. protesting against debate on all these amendments to the treaty, The Clerk read as follows: · I have refrained from debating these other motions to strike Page 18, Ilnes 1 and 2, strike out the words " not further manufac­ tured than sawed." out the free lumber provision. I could debate them and give l\Ir. NORRIS. l\Ir. Chairman, this in effect is the same propo· an intelligent reason, I think, why the motions should ·be sition again, and if adopted will give free lumber. I am not go­ adopted. But I know the gentleman from Tennessee and the ing to take up the time to discuss it [applause] except to say­ other gentlemen on both sides have made up their minds to vote well, Mr. Chairman, since there seems to be such a unanimous down all of these amendments, and there is no need of my expression of delight that I am talking I think I will discuss wasting any more breath upon the subject. I merely wanted it. I am in hopes you brethren over there will have by this to put myself and the majority of the House on record. time been able to solve the proposition properly and have given The CHAIRMAN. The question is on the amendment of the sufficient consideration to the reasoning that has been poured gentleman from Kentucky [Mr. LANGLEY]. out here for your benefit that if you really and truly are in The question was taken, and the amendment was rejected. favor of free lumber you will adopt this amendment. The Clerk read as follows : The CHAIRMAN. The question is on the amendment offered Plnster rock, or gypsum, crude, not ground. by the gentleman from Nebraska. Mr. MORGAN. Mr. Chairman, I offer the following amend­ The question was taken, and the amendment was rejected. ment. The CHAIR.MAN. The question now is on the amendment The CHAIRM.A.i~ . The gentleman from Oklahoma offers an offered by the gentleman from Kentucky. amendment which the Clerk will report. The question was taken, and the amendment was rejected. The Clerk read as follows: The Clerk read as follows: Strike out in line 8, page 18, the following words, to wit: '"Plaster Sawed boards, planks, deals, and other lumber, not further manu­ rock, or gypsum, crude, not ground." factured than sawed. [Cries of "Vote!"] l\Ir. LANGLEY. l\Ir. Chairman, I offer the following amend- Mr. MORGAN. Mr. Chairman, I ask the indulgence of the ment. Members of this Ilonse for only a few moments in order to say The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will report the amendment. a few words which I think I am in duty bound to say in defense The Clerk reacl as follows : of what I think is justice to my congressjonal district. Under Strike o:it lines 1 and 2, on page 18. this paragraph of the treaty crude gypsum is placed on the free Mr. LANGLEY. I see the steam roller is operating-- list. As some of you know, doubtless, gypsum is the substance The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman is not in order. The from which, at the present day, common wall plasters for our amendment was properly put and acted upon by the committee. houses are made. It exists in abundant quantities in many of The Clerk will read. the States of this Union. When, at the last session of Con­ The Clerk read as follows: gress, the Ways and Means Committee had under consideration Paving posts, railroad ties, and telephone, trolley, electric-light, and what is known as the Payne-Aldrich bill, tlJere were extended telegraph poles of cedar or other woods. hearings on the question of how much duty should be levied Mr. LANGLEY. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out the upon gypsum. Under the Dingley bill the tariff on crude paragraph. gypsum was 00 cents per ton. The bill, as it passed the House, The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will report the amendment. reduced it from 50 cents to 40 cents a ton. I thought there was The Clerk read as follows: no demand for that, but the bill went to the Senate, and there Strike out lines 3 and 4 on page 18. the duty was reduced to 30 cents a ton. Under this trade Mr. LANGLEY. l\Ir. Chairman, as I said a while ago it is agreement crude gypsum is placed on the free list. evident the House does not want to hear any further debate­ I want to say that the State which I have the honor in part SEVERAL MEMBERS. That is right. to represent is great in many respects. Great in agriculture2 556 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. APRIL 21,_ because there is no State in the Union that grows so abuml­ The Clerk read as follows : antly such a vast -variety of agricultural products. I am op­ Add after line 14, page 19, the following ~ posed to this bill because I believe it does an injustice to the " l'lows, tooth and disk harrows, headers, harvestel!B, reapers, agri­ cultural drills and planters, mowers, horserakes, cultivators, tbreslling great agricultural interests of my State. But Oklahoma is a machines and cotton gins, farm wagons and farm carts and all other great State from the standpoint of its wealth in minerals-coal, agricultural implements of any kind and description, whether specificall.Y oil, gas, iron, asphalt, glass sand, gypsum, and many other mentioned herein 011' not, whether in whole or in parts, lncludlng repair parts. minerals. In my congressional district Providence has de­ "Bagging for cotton, gunny cloth, and all similar fabrics, materials, posited absolutely unlimited deposits of gypsum. My congres­ or coverings, suitnble for covering and baling cotton, composed in sional district has the crude gypsum sufficient to supply not whole or in part of jute, jute butts, hemp, flax, seg, Russian seg, New Zealand tow, Norwegian tow, aloe, mill waste, cotton tares, or any other only the United States,. but the entire world with gypsum. materials or fibers suitable for covering cotton; ancl burlaps and bags Now, then, in 1910, the little tariff of 30 cents per ton upon or sacks composed wholly or in part of jute or burlaps or other ma­ crude gypsum brought into the Treasury of the United States terial suitable foi- bagging or sacking agricultural products. " Hoop or band iron, or hoop or band steel, cut to lengths, punched O\er $100,000. You gentlemen who belieye in a tariff for or not punched, or wholly or partly manufactured into hoops or tics, revenue only ought to support the little tariff of 30 cents per coated or not coated with paint or any other preparation, with or without ton upon crude gypsum. The effect of this bill will be to take bucldes or fastenings, for baling cotton or any other commodity ; and wire for baling hay, struw. and other agricultural products. $100,000 out of the Treasury of the United States and put it "Grain, buff, split, rough and sole leather, band, bend, or belting in the hands of a few manufacturers of gypsum in the north­ leather, boots and shoes made wholly or in chief value of leuther mad!! eastern portion of the United States. People who build houses from cattle hides and cattle skins of whatever weight,"-- will not get plaster for theiI· houses any cheaper. This is a 1'.fr. HILL. Mr. Chairman, I make the -point of order that discrimination against the gypsum of the West. It appears to enough has been read already to show that the amendment is me that the men who prepared this so-called treaty, or pact, not in order. could not look down into the Southwest a thousand miles away The CHA.IIlMAN. The gentleman from Connecticut makes and see the gypsum in the second congressional district of the point of order that the amenclment is not in order. Tho Oklahoma.. They did, however, look up north and see the Chair wm examine the amendment. The gentleman from Con­ gypsum beds of Nova Scotia, New Bretonr and Newfoundland, necticut will state his point of order. and placed gypsum on the free list for the benefit of the owners Mr. Hllili. 1\1.r. Chairmn.n, the point is thnt the amendment of Canadian gypsum als, and other lumber, of llgnum-vitre, lancewood, e~ony, box,. g1.-anad1lla, of the gentleman from Kentucky [Mr. LANGLEY]. mahogany, rosewood, satinwood, and all other cabinet woods. The question was taken, and the motion was rejected. " Sewin" machines, and all parts thereof. The CII.A.IRMAN. The Clerk will read. "Salt, whether in bulk or in bags, sacks, barrels, or other packages." The Clerk read as follows : [Cries of '~Vote!" "Vote!"] Rolled ronnd wire rods in the coil. of iron or steel, not ove-r three­ Mr. LENROOT. l\Ir. Chairman, this bill is the free-list bill eigh ths of an inch in diameter, and not smaller than No. 6 wire gauge. proposed by that side of the House, which it is now proposed to Mr. LENROOT. Mr. Chairman, I desire to offer the follow­ apply to imports from Canada. · ing amendment, which I send to the Clerk's desk. I am well aware of the fact that there is no attempt being The CHAIIUfAN. The gentleman from Wisconsin [Mr. LEN~ made this afternoon to legislate upon this very important bill. BOOT] offers an amendment, which the Olerk will report. Every Member on that side of the House, from the hustings all 1911. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 557 over this country, has charged that this House has ceased to be The Clerk read as follow.s: a deliberatfre body. But, gentlemen, with your majority here .Amend line 18, page 10, by inserting, after the word " evidence," the this afternoon, I say that tllis House never was less delibera­ follow Ing: "That the Dominion of Canada has so revised its patent laws as to tive since I hn ve been llere than it is at this moment. [Ap­ give to inventors of the United States holding Canadinn patents the plause on the Republican side.] Your ma.j'ority does not dare same privileges as are now given by the Unitetl States to inventors of to consider these amendments upon their merits. You are Canada. holding United States patents, and shall have satisfactory bound and shackled by a party caucus, and if it was not for evidence." that, some of these amendments would be incorporated in this Mr. UNDERWOOD. I make the point of onlcr that that bill. amendment is not germane to this bill. It relates to the paten..t Now, gentlemen of the majority, if your free-list bill that laws, and this is a treaty relating to tariff duties between the you propose shall fail of passage, upon you will fall the respon­ two countries. sibility before the country of refusing to secure some relief to '.rhe CHAIRMAN. The Chair will lleur tlle gentleman on the tlle consumers of this country in reduction of duties. [Ap­ point of order. plause on the Republican side.] 1\:Ir. PICKETT. .1\Ir. Chairman, us pointed out two or three Ur. UND1:DRWOOD. l\Ir. Chairman, I have only a few words days ago, the patent laws of Canada. are sucll tbat they re· to say. It is apparent that the free-list bill tliat we intend to quire an American holding a patent from Canada either to sell bring before the House next week means in many of its items his patent or to come to Canada for the purpose of manufactur· a reduction of the cost of living to the people of the United ing the article. Therefore, so long as these laws obtain, the States, because we put the articles on the free list as coming concessions granted under this agreement are absolutely inef­ from all the world; but, so far as Canada is concerned, it is fectirn. It is an idle ceremony for this House to pass an agree­ absurd to claim tllat agricultural implements or meats or many ment und~r whicll Canada proposes to give us concessions so of tlle other.products named in that bill would ever come from fur as access to her markets are concernecl when she still re­ Canada in any considerable quantities if those articles were tains within lier interna1 legal system the power to render included in this bill. If the gentleman really desires to enact those provisions prohibitive and ineffective. Therefore it seems this free list into law, I hope after this bill has pussecl the to me, it is not only germane but necessary to adopt this amend­ Houce he will use his influence with the Senators of the United ment if we desire to make this agreement effective so far as States who agree with him to enable us to send the bill to the Canadian markets are concerned.. President. [AJ)plause.] .l\lr. l\fANN. l\fr. Chairman. I desire to be heard briefly on l\Ir. SADATH. The Senators from his State. tho point of order. While I shall not vote for the amendment Tlle CHAIRMAN. The question is on the amendment of- if it be placed before the House, it seems to me tlla.t it "is not fered by the gentleman from Wisconsin [Mr. LENROOT]. subject to a point of order. As I understand the amendment it T·he question being taken, the amendment was rejected. is proposed to amend the proviso so that it will rend that when The Clerk read ns follows: the President of the United States shall ham satisfactory evi­ Proviclcd, That the articles above enumerated, the growth, product, or dence that-relating to the patent laws-he sllnll make procla.· manufacture of the Dominion of Canada, shall be exempt from duty mation that the following articles, and so forth. In other when the President of the United States shall have satisfactory evi· words, to make the dutiable and free list provided in tlle bill donce and shall make proclamation that the following articles, the growth, product, or manufacture of the United States or any of its dependent in part upon the duties fixed by Canada and in part possessions (except the Philippine Islands and the islands of Guam and upon the revision of her patent laws. Clearly, it seems to me Tutuila), arc admitted into the Dominion of Canada free of duty, germane, in order to provide that our duties shall be reciprocal, namely: and that we would hnve a rigllt under this bill to add any pro. Mr. LINDBERGH. Mr. Chairman, after the word "Pro1;ided," vision as a condition precedent to our granting a lower rate of in line 15, on page 19, I move to insert the words " That this act duty or the free list. shall not become operative before January 1, 191..2," and after l\1r. UNDERWOOD. Mr. Chairman, I did not quite get the the word "duty," in line 17, I move to insert the word "only." reading of the amendment in full, but I withdraw the point of The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will report the amendment. order. The Clerk read as follows: The CHAIRMAN. The point of order is withdrawn, and the After the word "Provided," in line 15, on page 19, insert the words : question is on the amendment offered . by the gentleman from "Thnt this net shall not become operative before January 1, 1912," and Iowa. after the word "duty," in line 17, on said page, insert the word "only." The question was taken, and the amendment was rejected. Mr. UNDERWOOD. Mr. Chairman, I reserve a point of or­ The Clerk read as follows: der on the amendment. SEC. 2. Pulp of wood mechanlcally ground; pulp of wood chemical The OHAIIlM.AN. The gentleman fi·om ..Alab:un:a reserves a bleached, or unbl~ched; news print paper, and other paper 'and paper board, manufactured from mechanical wood pulp or from chemical wood point of order. pulp, or of which such pulp is the component material of chief value Mr. LINDBERGH. Mr. Chairman, my reason for offering colored in the pulp, or not colored, nnd valued at not more than 4 cents per pound, not including printed or decorated wall paper being this amendment is that this act affects principally the products the products of Canada, when imported therefrom directly into the of the farmer, and that there is now in the hands of the farmer Unitcrl States, shall be admitted free of duty, on the condition prece· a considerable part of the crops that were grown and produced dent that no export duty, export license fee, or other export char"'O0 of ·nny kind whatsoever (whether in the form of additional charge or with no suggestion that there would be any legislation that license fee, or otherwise), or any prohibition or restriction fn any way would materially affect the prices of these commodities, and of .the exportatio~ (whether by law. order regulation, contractual re­ that under those circumstances, if this bill should become a law, lation, or otherwise, directly or indirectly), shall have been imposed upon such paper, board1 or wood pulp, or the wood used in the manu­ which I hope it will not, unless it is so amended as to equalize facture of such paper, ooard, or wood pulp, or the wood pulp used in its provisions to all industries alike, it is only fair that its the manufacture of such paper or board. operation should not take effect upon the products that were Mr. FOilDNEY. l\Ir. Chairman, I offer the following substi­ grown while the present law existed, for, even in the prospects tute for section 2. of the passage of this bill, there has been a lowering of the prices of the farm products, and the farming industry of this The Clerk read as follows : SEC. 2. Pulp of wood mechanically ground ; pulp of wood chemical country has been injured to a very appreciable extent without bleached, or unbleached ; news-print paper, and other paper,'and paper any corresponding advantage to that industry. board, manufactured from mechanical wood pulp or from chemical wood If there was a general adjustment of the tariff so as to dis­ pulp, or of which such pulp ls the component material of chief -value colored in the pulp, or not colorl'd, and valued at not more than 4 cents tribute the general effect, it would be quite n different proposi­ per pound, not including printed or decorated wall paper being the tion than that which here confronts us. products of the Dominion of Canada, when imported therefr'om directly into the United States, shall be admitted free of duty, on the condi­ If this bill is to be enacted into law, lot it be so amended that tion precedent that no export duty, export license fee, or other export its provisions do not apply to the products of the last season-, charge of nny kind wha.tsoevcx (whether in the form of additional but. to those only to be produced which have been planted with charge or license fee or otherwise) t or any prohibition or restriction in any way of the exportation (wheiher by law, order, regulation, con­ a knowledge tll[lt this bill is likely to become a law. tractual relation, or otherwise, directly or indirectly), shall have l>een Mr. UNDERWOOD. I withdraw the point of order, Mr. imposed upon paper, board, or wood pulp, or the wood used in the Chairman, and hope the amendment will be voted down. manufacture of paper, board, or wood pulp by the Government of tho Dominion of Canada, or any Province or other subdivision of govern­ The CHAIRMAN. The question is on the amendment offered ment thereof, where the same was in whole or in part produced (either by the gentleman from Minnesota [Mr. LrNDDERGH]. in the form of wood or pulp or otherwise) or manufactured: Proi:ideti The question being taken, the amendment was rejected. llotoevcr, That the rates of duty as now collected upon the articles iii l\Ir. PICKETT. !\Ir. Chairman, I offer the amendment which this section mentioned shall in no Cllse be increased. I send to the Clerk's desk. !\Ir. FORDNEY. Mr.. Chairman, the only difference between The CH..AIIll\1AN. Tlle gentleman from Iowa offers an the substitute I have offered n.nd section 2 of the bill as now amendment, which the Clerk Will report. written is that before Canada can enjoy our markets free of CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. APRIL 21, duty on print paper she must remove from each and e\ery · (By unanimous consent lea\e was granted l\fr. MANN to pro­ Province in Canada her embargo on pulp wood. I belie\e that ceed for five minutes.) it is only fair that, if we are to ta.kc the :finished product from l\lr. MAl~N . l\Ir. Chairman, I was not able to be certain Cauada or any other country in the world, that country should that the amendment offered by the gentleman from Michigan let free raw material come into our market unrestricted. This was the other provision wllich I had. prepared. I thought it section is not as the bill was originally introduced at all. was as it was read, but the gentleman misstated or erroneously Therefore it is subject to amendment without affecting the bill. stated its effect. Section 2 as now in the bill was prepared by the gentleman from l\fr. FORDNEY. Not intentionally. Illinois [l\Ir. MANN] and presented to the committee and Mr. MANN. Oh, no; not intentionally. The provision in adopted as a substitute for the section that was in the bill the bill will admit, if this becomes a law, at once, free of duty, when it was first introduced by the gentleman from Massachu­ paper or wood pulp made from pulp wood cut on private setts [Mr. McCALL], because that· section was not properly lands in Canada, on which there is no restriction of exportation. worded. The only difference between the sections in the bill The amendment offered by the gentleman from Michigan and the one I offer is that Canada is required to remove her would admit paper and pulp from Provinces only as each Prov­ restrictions on pulp wood. ince removed all restrictions on the exportation of pulp wood, Mr. MANN. Mr. Chairman, the situation in regard to pulp Rncl would not treat the entire Dominion of Canada as an en­ and paper is a little different in the bill from the situation as tity, but treats each Province by itself. There mny llave been to any other article named. Tllere is no prohibition of ex­ doubt as io which was the !Jetter provision. While I think, portation on the other articles named in the bill. There is no under the terms of the agreement and under the terms of the export duty on pulp and paper corning from Cannda into the bill, it is quite competent for the House, without dis.turbing United States. The Dominion of Canada hns le\ied no charge, the arrangement between the two Exccutl\es, to aclopt either of made no restrictions, fixed no export duty on pulp or pnper those provisions, still, in my judgment, it is better, now that coming from Canada into the United States. Most of the pulp the provision wP.ich is in the bill is in the agreement, to fol­ paper probably will be made in the future at least from pulp low the language of the agreement and ndmit the paper made wood cut on the public lands known as the Crown lands. from private-lands pulp wood free of duty without leaving the · Those Crown lands are not owned by tlle Dominion of Can­ Provinces the power to control it. If I felt that it was neces­ ada; they are owned by the indi,idual Provinces. Some of sary, and if it were not for the lateness of the hour, I wonld those Provinces are >Cry much opposed to permitting any pulp be glad to discuss the matter more at length, but I do not feel wood to be exported from the Dominion into the United States. at this time at liberty to detain the House further in regard. Tlle Province of Ontario, for instance, whenever it sells pulp to the proposition. [Cries of "Vote!"] wood upon the Crown lands, puts into the contract the specific Mr. FORDNEY. Mr. Chairman, if the gentleman will permit pro>ision that that wood shall not be sent out of tlle Dominion me, I ask unanimous consent for one minute. of Canada for manufacture. Tlle result of the amendment of­ The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Michigan asks unani­ fered by the gentleman from Miclligan [Mr. FoRDNEY], if he mous consent to proceed for one minute. Is there objection: states it correctly, would be that any one Province of Canada [After a pause.] The Chair hears uone. conld absolutely vrohibit the taking effect of tlle pro-.ision in l\fr. FORDNEY. Thank you, gentlemen; I will not take more the bill and render entirely nugatory all of the legislation in than a minute. Instead of the gentlemau's [l\fr. MANN] state­ reference to pulp and paper. It would no longer be the action ment being correct that the language in the bill is exactly as of the Dominion of Canada, but any one Province by putting agreed upon by our representatives and the representatives of into a contract for the sale of its pulp wood the provision that Canada, he is mistaken. I tllink the gentleman makes a mis­ that pulp wood. should be manufactured in the Dominion of take, an honest mistake, of course, because l\fr. Fielding, on the Canacla would entirely pre-.ent the operation of the law, if floor of the House of Parliament in Canada, stated that the this be enacted into law, and the Province of Ontario or Government of the United States demaµded this very same son!C other Pro>ince would. take ad,·antage of that power and thing, but they were unable to agree to it because they could entirely prohibit nil benefits ~o come from this provision of the not bind the Provinces, showing conclusiYely that the matter law. had been discussed and that our representatiyes had aimed to In my judgment, it is to the .interest not only of the paper get the very thing that I am asking for, but the Canadian rep­ consumers in the Unitcll States; but of the paper-manufactur­ resentatives were unable to bind the Pro-.inces. That was his ing industry in the United States, tllat the great forests of statement and the substance of his (Fielding's) letter to our black spruce in Canada may be utilized by exporting from Secretary of State. Canada for the benefit of our paper mills that pulp wood con­ The OHAIR.MAN. The question is on agreeing to the amend­ trolled by these Provinces. If the amendment ot the gentleman ment 'in the nature of a substitute offered by the gentleman from l\licbigan should prevail, so far as paper and pulp are from Michigan. concerned, the bill might just as well be thrown into the :waste The question was ta.ken, and the amendment was rejected. basket, because it would never have any effect. The Clerk read as follows : The proposition contained in section 2 is identically the lan­ SFC. 8. That for the purpose of further readjusting the duties on importations into the United States of article or articles the grnwth, gunge of the agreement. The first bill that was presented did. product, or manufacture of the Dominion of Canada, and of the exporta­ not follow out the agreement. Somebody made an error in tion into the Dominion of Canada of article or articles the growth, drawing the bill. While this section 2 has been called the product, or manufacture of the United States, the President of the United States is authorized and requested to negotiate trade agreements Mann amendment, all I did was to take the language of the with the Dominion of Canada wherein mutual concessions are made agreement, write it out. and present it to the Committee on looking toward freer trade relations and the further reciprocal expan­ \Vays and l\Ieans, and the only thing left out of the agreement sion of ti·ade and commerce: Provided, however( That said trade agree­ ments before becoming operative shall be subm tted to the Congress or in the section as presented with reference to pulp and paper the United States for ratification or rejection. were these words, which were supernumerary : Mr. LAFFERTY. Mr. Chairman, I offer the following amend­ Provided, That such paper and board, valued at 4 cents per pound or less, and wood pulp. ment, which I send to the Clerk's desk, to be added as an addi­ tional section. That wns a repetition of language already in the agreement, The CHAIRMAN. The Olerk will report the amendment. so iu drawing the section that language was left out. In other The Clerk read as follows: respects it is in the identical language of the agreement, and SEC. 4. Nothing in this act shall be construed to prevent the United canies out not only the intent of the agreement, but makes a States from amending or repealing tbe same at any time without notice law which will be of benefit, in my opinion, both to the con­ to the Dominion or Canada, nor shall the Dominion of Canada be required to give to the United States any notice before amending or sumer and manufacturer. repealing any law responsive to this act. l\lr. FORDi\"'EY. Will the gentleman permit a question? 1\fr. LAFFERTY. Mr. Chairman, the amendment that I l!.ave Mr. MANN. Yes. just offered authorizes either this country or Canada to with­ 1\f r. FORDNEY. The gentleman will admit that he pre­ draw from the reciprocal trade arrangement now proposed at pared the amendment that I have offered? It was prepared by any time without notice to the other. The pending so-called the gentleman, and I give him credit for preparing an exceed­ Canadian reciprocity bill occupies a peculiar position. It is not ingly intelligent amendment to that bill. He brought the two a treaty, as some l\fembers have seemed to suppose it is. It is amendments to the committee, and the gentleman from Con­ merely a bill, which, if passed, will become a law of the United necticut [Mr. HILL] offered the one that is now in the bill, and States. Then, if Canada passes a similar law, us specified in I offer this one. this net, the President is to issue a proclamation putting our The CIIAillMAN. The time of the gentleman from Illinois law into effect. We authorize him to do so in the bill. But not has expired. one word is said in the bill as to how it is ever to be repealed, 1911. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. . 559 if perclrnnce we should be clissatis:ficd with it after a few years' The SPEAKER. The Clerk will report the motion of the gen­ trial. Neither is any method provided for its amendment. tleman from Nebraska. Manifestly, Canada bas some interest in what we shall do in The Clerk read as follows: the way of amending or repealing this bill in the future. Our To recommit the bill to the Committee on Ways and Means with in­ structions to rep-0rt the same back forthwith amended by placing on the bill admits the products of Canada into this country upon cer­ free list lumber of all kinds, whether rough, dressed, planed, or grooved; tain terms, provided Canada shall pass a law admitting certain shingles and lath, the product of the Dominion of Canada, when im­ of our products into that country upon certain terms that we ported from Canada into the United States. have specified. The SPEAKER. The question is on the motion ot the gen­ Now, when the bill we are passing to-clay becomes a law, and tleman from Nebraska for tlle previous question. Canada has passed an act containing exactly the schedules Mr. HUGHES of New Jersey. The gentleman is not entitled upon our imports into that country that we have stipulated in to make that motion. There is no debate permitted on a motion our bill that she shall pass, it seems to me that a sort of a to recommit. contract will have been entered into between the two countries. Mr. NORRIS. The previous question, I think, is proper in Neither country should arbitrarily withdraw from the agree­ 01·der to prevct:.t amendment. ment after it is entered into without giving some notice to the Mr. HUGHES of New Jersey. No amendment can be offered. other, unless it is provided in the bill at the time we pass it The SPJJJAKER. Without the previous question amendments that such a thing can be done. This is exactly what I propose will ·be in order. The point of order is overruled. The ques­ by the amendment I have offered. tion is on the previous question on the gentleman's motion to Reject this amerulment and you may have a hard time getting rccomniit. out of the agreement you are now entering into, if you should The previous question was ordered. ever want out. This country will at least desire to change the Mr. NORRIS. On the motion to recommit I demand the yeas schedules of this trade arrangement, or some of them, from and nays. time to time, and unless this additional section be added no The SPEAKER. The question is on the motion of the gen­ express power will be reserved to do so. Adopt the amendment, tleman !Tom Nebraska [Mr. NORRIS] to recommit, and on that and either this country or Canada will be at liberty, without motion the gentleman demands the yeas and nays. All those any specified notice to the other, to amend or repeal these re­ who are in faT"or of ordering the yeas and nays will rise and ciprocal trade laws at any time. It would certainly be the part stand until counted. [After counting.] Fifty gentlemen haT"e of wisdom to clo so. arisen-a sufficient number. This afternoon I heard the distinguished gentleman from Mr. UNDERWOOD. Mr. Speaker, I demuncl the other side. Alabama [l\1r. UNDERWOOD], the leader of the Democratic ma­ The ·SPEAKER. The Chair will count. [After counting_] jority in this House, request his party followers to vote against Two hundred and thirty gentlemen ha \e arisen, and the yeas all amendments that shall be proposed to this bill. Therefore, and nays are refused. I can have no hopes that the amendment I have proposed will The question is on the motion to recommit the bill. be accepted. nut it is something that has been overlooked, and The question was taken, and the motion was rejected. I feel it is my duty to the country to offer it. Maybe if it is The SPlTIAKER. The question is on the passage of the bill. voted down here it will be added to the bill when it reaches the The question was taken, and the Chair announced. that tho Senate, so that we will not tie our hands for all time to come ayes seemed to have it. to what may be a bad bargain. Mr. UNDERWOOD, Mr. DALZELL, and se'°eral other ~fem­ If the Democrats had not held a caucus in advance of the con­ l>ers demanded the yeas and nays. sideration of this pill and decided on a set program, Members The yeas and nays were ordered. offering amendments at this time could have them fairly con­ The SPEAKER. The question now is on tll.e passage of the sidered. For that reason I want to say in passing, that I am bill. Those in fa\or of the passage of the bill will answer unalterably opposed to caucuses. I believe in leaving-Members "yea"; those opposed "nay." The Clerk will call the rolL free to exercise their best judgment at all times, otherwise The question was taken ; and there were-yeas .2G8, nays 89, we are reduced from a deliberative body to a mere set of par­ answered " present " 3, not voting 29, as follows : rots repeating the Yotes of our so-called leaders. I am friendly to the Canadian reciprocity bill, and am going YEAS-2G8. to vote for it on the roll call. The amendment is not offered to Adair Covington Gould Lewis Adamson Cox, Ind. Graham Linthicum embalTaSS those in charge of the bill on the other si per the Committee on Ways and Means, with instructions to report Catlin George Lafferty P eters Clark, Fla. Gillett Lamb Porter the sam·e back forthwith amended by placing on the free list Clayton Glass Lawrence Post lumher of all kinds, whether rough, dressed, ·planed, or groov~; Cline Godwin, N. C. Lee, Ga:. Pou shing!es and 4tth,' the product of the Domi.DJ.on of Q:;inada, when Collier Goeke Lee, Pa. lla..iney Connell Goldfogle J,egarc .Raker imported from Canada into the United States; and on that I Conry Goodwin, Ark. Lever Randell. Tex. demand the previous question. Cooper Gordon Levy R:msdell, ~· 560 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. APRIL 21,

Rauch Sheppard Stephens, Tex. Turnbull ADJOUBNMENT OVER UNTIL Jl[ONDA Y.. Reilly Si.tel'ley Stevens, Minn. Tuttle Hichardson Slli'rwood Stone Underhill 1\Ir. U£\'DERWOOD. l\lr. Speaker, I move tbnt when the Roberts, Mass. Sims Sulloway Underwood Houge adjourns to-day it nlljourn to meet on Mond.ny next. Roberts. Nev. Sisson Sulzer Utter Robinson Slayden Sweet Watkins -The SP:EJAKER. The geutleman from Alabama [Mr:- UNDER­ Roddcnbery Slemp Switzer Weeks WOOD] moves that when the House adjourns to-day it adjourn Rothermel Small Talbott, Md. White to meet on Monday next. The question is on agreeing •o thn t Rouse Smith, N. Y. Talcott, N. Y. Wickliffe Ru bey Smith, Tex. Taylor, Ala. Wilder motion. Rucker, Mo. Sparkman Taylor, Colo. Wilson, Ill. The motion was agreed to. Russell Speer Taylor, Ohio Wilson, N. Y. Saba th Stack Thayer Wilson, Pa. ADJOURNMENT. Saunders Stanley Thomas Witherspoon l\fr. UNDERWOOD. Mr. Speaker, I move that the House do Scully Stedman Tilson Young, Mich. Shackleford Stephens, Cal. Townsend Young, Tex. now adjourn. Sharp Stephens, Miss. Tribble The 8peaker. The motion was agreed to; accordingly (nt 7 o'clock and ~8 NAYS-89. minutes p. m.) the House adjourned to meet on Monday, April Akin, N. Y. French La Follette Pujo 24, 1911, at 12 o'clock meridian. Anderson, Minn. Gardner, Mass. Langley Rees Ilathrick Gardner, N. J. Lenroot Rodenberg EXECUTIVE .COl\fl\fUNIC.A.TIONS, ETC. Bradley Good Lindbergh Rucker, Colo. Burke, S. Dak. Gudger l\IcGulre, Okla. Simmons Under clause 2 of Rule XXIV, executive communications Campbell Guernsey McKinley Sloan were taken from the Speaker's table and referred as follows: Cannon IIamilton. Mich. McLaughlin Smith, J. l\I. C. Claypool Hammond McMorran Smith, Sarni. W. 1. A letter from the Secretary of War, transmitting with a Copley Hanna Malby Steenerson letter from the Chief of Engineers report of examination of Currier Hartman Martin, S. Dak. Sterling Grent Pedee River at Gibson Dam, S. C. (H. Doc. No. 23) ; to tlle Dalzell Haugen Mondell Thistlewood Davis, Minn. Hawley Moore, Pa. Towner Committee on Ri\ers and Harbors and ordered to be printed. De Forest Volstead 2. A letter from the Acting Secretary of the Treasury, frllns­ Dodds · M~r::sen ~f ~ifan Warburton mitting a copy of a letter from the Auditor of the Treasury Doughton Hinds Nelson Webb Driscoll, M. E. Howell Norris Wedemeyer Department relating to the destruction of certain papers not Dwight Hun:i.phrcy, Wash. Patton, Pa. Whitacre nee'ded for public business (H: Doc. No. 24) ; -to the Joint Select Esch Jackson Pickett Willis Committee on Disposition of Useless Executive Papers and or­ Fairchild Kendall Plumley Woods, Iowa Focht Kennedy . Powers Young, Kans. dered to be printed. . Fordney Kinkaid, Nebr. Pray · · 3.' A letter from the Secretary of War, transmitting with a Foster, Vt. Kopp Prince letter from the Chief of Engineers report of examination of Fowler Lafean Prouty harbor at Knife River, Minn. (H. Doc. No. 25) ; ·to the Com­ ANSWERED " PRESENT "-3. mittee on Rivers and Harbors and ordered to be printed. Kahn Langham Riordan ·4. A letter from the Secretary of War, transmitting with a NOT VOTING-20. letter from the Chief of Engineers report of examination and Andrus Draper Latta Redfield survey of New Haven Harbor, Conn. (H. Doc. No.' 26) ; to the Bates Gray Lindsay Sells Committee on Rivers and Harbors and ordered to be printed Brantley Henry, Conn. Littleton Smith, Cal. with illustrations. · Broussard · Ilenry, Tex. Loudenslager Vreeland Bur~ess Hensley McKenzie Wood, N. J. Davidson Hughes, Ga. 1\!ays PUBLIC BILLS, RESOLUTIONS, AND MEMORIALS. Dent Hughes, W. Va. Morse, Wis. Dickson, Miss. Kipp Payne Under clause 3 of Rule XXII, bills, ,i.·esolutions, and memo­ rials were introduced and severally referred as follows: The SPEAKER. The Clerk wm call my name. .By Mr. HAMILTON of West Virginia: A bill (H. R. G728) The Clerk called the name of Mr. CLARK of Missouri, and he granting pensions to teamsters of the War of the Rebellion, voted in the affirmative. from 18Gl to 1865, inclusive; to the Committee on Invalid Peu­ So the bill was passed. sions. The following pairs were announced : By l\Ir. CULLOP: A bill (H. R. G72n) to provide for the For this session: selection and purclmse of a site for and erection of a monument Mr. RIORDAN with ~fr. ANDRUS. or memorial to the memory of Gen. George Rogers Clark; to Until further notice: the Committee on the Librai·y. Mr. HUGHES of Georgia with Mr. Woon of New Jersey. I By Mr. HAY: A bill (H. R. G730) to authorize the leasing of Mr. HENRY of Texas with Mr. VREELAND. the Batan Island Military Reservation for coal-mining pur- For to-day: poses; to the Committee on Military Affairs. . . Mr. BRANTLEY with Mr. BATES. I By Mr. CARTER: A bill (H. R. 6731) to provide for the For to-day and ending in three weeks: sale of the surface and mineral deposits of the segregated coal Mr. LATTA with l\lr. HUGHES of West Virginia. and asphalt lands of the Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations, and On the reciprocity bill: for othe1~ purposes; to the Committee on Indian Affairs. . l\lr. HENBY of Connecticut (in favor of) with Mr. KAHN . By l\fr. SHACKLEFOR,D: A bill (H. R. 6732) providing for ~(against). . the erection of a public building in the city of Centralia, Mo.; Mr. KIPP (in favor of) with Mr. LANGHAM (against). to the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. Mr. SELLS (in fa\Or of) with Mr. DAVIDSON (against). ., By l\Ir. SLAYDEN: A bill (II. R. 6733) to accept and funcl Mr. LITTLETON (in fa\or of) with Mr. LoUDENSLAGER (against). the bequest of Gertrude M. Hubbard; to the Committee on the Mr. PAYNE (in favor of) with Mr. MORSE of Wisconsin Library. · . ~(against). _ By Mr. FOSTER of Vermont: A bill (II. R. G734) to regulate l\Ir. LANGHAM. Mr. Speaker, how am I recorded? the practice of pharmacy and the. sale of poisons in the con­ The SPEAKER. In the negati\e. sular districts of the United States in China; to the Committee · Mr. LANGHAM. .I am paired, Mr. Speaker, with Mr. KIPP, on Foreign Affairs. and I wish to withdraw my vote and answer" present." By Mr. CAMERON: A bill (H. R. G735) to authorize the ex~ The SPEAKER. The Clerk will call the gentleman's name. change with the· Coconino Cattle Co. of la~ds within the Coco­ 'l'he Clerk called the name of Mr. LANGHAM, and he answered nino National Forest; to the Committee on the Public Lnn(ls. " Present." . By Mr. HARRISON of Mississippi: A bill (H. R. G73G) _to. The result of the vote was then announced as above recorded. provide for holding terms of United . States courts at Hatties­ The announcement of the- result was received with applause. burg, Miss.; to the Committee on the Judiciary. . On motion of Mr. UNDERWOOD, a motion to reconsider the vote By Mr. COX of Indiana: A bill (H. R. 6737) grantin~ pen­ just taken was laid on the table. sions to certain enlisted men, soldiers and officers, who served LEAVE OF ABSENCE. in the Civil War and the War with Mexico; to the Committee Mr. ROBERTS of Massachusetts, by unanimous consent, ob­ on Invalid Pensions. , . tained leave of absence until April 2G, on account of death iu By Mr. CLARK of Missouri: A bill (II. R. 6738) to authorize the St. Louis-Kansas City Electric Railway Co. · to constr,Uc~ a his family. bridge across the Missouri River at or near the town of St. WITHDRAWAL OF PAPERS. Charles, Mo.;· to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Mr. YouNG of Kansas, by unanimous consent, obtained leave Commerce. · · · . . . to withdraw from the files of the House, without leaving copies, By-1\fr. TILSON: A bill (H. R. 6730) to.grant medals to sur• . the papers· in the case of Annu F. Shepherd, Sixty-first Con­ vivors a·nd heirs of volnntecrs of the Port Hudson forlom-hopo gress, no· adverse report having been made thereon. storming pnrty; to the Committee on Ui1itnry Afl'airs. 1911. OONGRESSION AL RECORD-HOUSE. 561

By .Mr. HOWLAND: A bi11 (H. Il. 6740) to pro-ride for a sur­ Also, a bill (II. R. 6760) ,.granting an increase of pension to "\ey of the lake front at Fairport, Lake County, Ohio; to the John Florkowski; to the Committee on Pensions. Committee on Ri-rers and Harbors. .Also, a bill ( H. R. 6761) granting an increase of pension to lly Mr. CARLIN: A bill (H. R. 6741) to pro"lide for the erec­ Joseph Grundy; to the Committee on In-ralid Pensions. tion of a monument to the signers of the Declaration of Inde­ Also, a bill (H. R. 6762) granting an increase of pension to pendence; to the Committee on the Library. • Ste11hen Green; to the Committee -on In-ralid Pensions. A1so (by request), a bill (H. R. Q742) providing for the dis­ Also, a bill (II. R. 6763) granting an increase of pension to continuance of the grade of post noncommissioned. staff officer Henry Homan; to the Committee on Invalicl Pensions. rmen Church, South Boston, l\:Iass.; to the Committee ou John Z. l\lacon; to the Committee on In-ralid Pensions. ·ways and l\feans. Al:So, a bill (H. R. 6770) granting an incrense of pension to By Mr. SMITH of New York: A bill (H. R. 6746) to give James McNary; to the Committee on Invaliu Pensions. effect to the fiftll nrticle of the treaty between the United Also, a bill (H. R. 6771) granting an increase of pension to Stutes and Canada, signed January 11, Hl09; to the Committee Tillman McLaughlin; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. on Foreign Affairs. Also, a bill (H. R. 6772) granting an increase of pension to By Mr. STEVENS of l\Iinnesota: A bill (H. R. 6747) to Daniel S. l\ioses; to the Committee on In-ralid Pensions. authorize the Wisconsin Central Railway Co. to construct a Also, a bill (H. R. 6773) granting an increase of pension to bridge across the St. Croix River between Wisconsin and Henry H. Overmyer; to tlle Committee on Inyalid Pensions. a (H. Minnesota; to the Committee on Int~rstate and Foreign Com­ Also, bill R. 6774) granting an increase of pension to merce. William Poorman; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. LEVER: Resolution (H. Res. 119) asking for certain Also, a bill (II. R. G775) grunting an increase of pension to information of the President; to the Committee on Foreign Nicholas B. Querrin; to the Committee on Inntlid Pensions. Affairs. Also, a bill (H. Il. 6776) granting an increase of pension to By l\fr. l\fcCOY: Resolution (H. Iles. 120) directing the Sec­ Burton S. Rathbun; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 6777) granting an increase of pension to retary of War to furnish information in regnrd to a water Daniel Reineck; to the Committee on IuYalid Pensions. sum1ly for Staten Island, N. Y.; to the Committee on Military Affnirs. · Also, a bill (H. R. 6778)· granting an increase of pension to Orrell P. Rarick; to the Committee on !nm.lid Pensions. A1so, resolution (H. Res. 121) directing the Department of A1so, a bill (H. R. 6770) granting an increase of pension to Jnstice to furnish information in regard to a water supply for George W. Smith; to the Committee on In-ralid Pensions. Stnten Island. N. Y.; to tlle Committee on the Judiciary. Also, a bill (H. R. 6780 ) granting au increase of pension to By l\Ir. CRAVENS: Resolution (H. Res. 122) authorizing John A. Shi-rely; to the Committee on l!walid Pensions. the appointment of an nssistant clerk to the Committee on En­ Also, a bill (H. R. 6781) granting an increase of pension to rolled Bills; to the Committee on Accounts. Jacob R. Sprout; to tlle Committee on In-ralicl Pensions. Dy Mr. BYRNS of Tennessee: Joint resolution (H. J. Res. Al:::o, a bill (H. Il. 6782) grunting an increase of pension to 73) providing for the termination of the treaty between the .l\faria A. Sinclair; to tlle Committee on I1walid Pensions. U11ited States of America and Russia, concluuec.l at St. Peters­ Also, a bill (H. R. 6783) granting au increase of pension to bmg December 18, 1882 ; to the Comruittee on Foreign Affairs. Erasmus D. Turner; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. OLAilK of :Missouri: Concurrent resolution (.H. Con. Also, a bill (H. R. 6784) granting an increase of pension to Res. 5) authorizing the Secretnry of Cornmerce ancl Labor and l\Iarkus Wolf; to the Committee on In-ralid Pensions. the Chief of the Bureau of Statistics to collect and compile Also, a bill (H. R. 6785) granting an increase of pension to stntistics relating to wars, etc.; to the Committee on Appro­ Christina Younkman; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. priations. .Also, a bill (H. R. G786) granting an increase of pension to Henry Zender; to tlle Committee on Inrnlid Pensions. PRIV.ATE BILLS .AND RESOLUTIONS. Also, u bill (H. R. 6787) granting n veusiou to .Anna Rose Petl-y; to the Committee on Inynlid Pensions. uncler clause 1 of Rule XXII, privnte bills nnd resolutions Also, a bill (H. R. 6788) granting n pension to George Flora; were introduced and severally referred as follows: to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. · By Mr. ADAIR: A bill (H. R. 6'748) granting an incrense of By Mr. ANDREWS : A bi11 (H. R. 6789) granting a pension pension to DavW K. Miller; to the Committee on Inrnlicl Pen­ to Juan Bn utisto Duran; to the Committee on Invn1iu Pensiomt sions. By l\Ir. ANTHONY: .A bill (II. R. 6790) for the relief of Also, a bill (H. R. G740 ) grnnting an increase of pension to Charles I. Dague; to the Committee on Claims. l\forgan 1\1. Mills; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. .Al so, a bill (H. R. G791) for the relief of James W. Morgan; By .l\:fr. ANDERSON of Ohio: A bill (H. R. 6750) grantiug nu to the Committee on Claims. increase of 11ension to Harrison Barber; to the Committee on Also, a bill ( H. R. 6702) for the relief of Phil Sours ; to the In-r-alid Pensions. . Committee on Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 6751) granting a pension to Barbara A. Also, a bill (H. R. 6793) for the relief of Charles .A. Bess; to Bnumnn; to the Committee on Invalicl Pensions. tlle Committee on Jnyalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. G752) granting an increase of pension to Also, a bill (H. R. 6794) for the relief of Lottie Rapp; to Elias Babione; to the Committee on In"\alid Pensions. the Committee on Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 6753) granting an incrense of pension to Also, a bill (H. R. 6795) for tlle relief of Katherine Ratch­ l\:Iclnnchton Binkley; to tlle Committee on Invalid Pensions. ford; to the Committee on Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 6754) granting an increase of pension to Also, a bill (H. R. 6796) for the relief of Drs. Langworthy & Romanes Binkley; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Langworthy and others; to the Committee on Claims. Also, a bill (I-I. R. G755) granting an increase of pension to Also, a bill (H. R. 67D7) to correct tllc military reccfrd of James W. Beckwith; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Juuson N. Pollard; to the Committee on Military Affairs. Also, a bill (H. R. 6756) granting an increase of pension to Also, a bill (H. R. 6798) granting an increase of pension to Samuel Cloud; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. George S. Hampton; to the Committee on In"lalid Peusions. Also, a bill (H. R. 6757) granting an increase of pension to Also, a bill (H. R. 67DD) granting a-n increase of pension to George W. Cushnrnn; to tlie Committee on In>alid Pensions. Frnncis Berry; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Ah;o, a bi11 (H. R. G75S) granting a pension to James .A. Also, a bill (H. R. GSOO) grnnting an increase of pension to Dickinson; to tbe Committee on Pensions. Henry D. SaHy; to the Committee on Invalid Pension!'. Also, a bi11 (H. R. G75D) granting an increase of pension to Also, a bill (H. R. 6S01) granting nn incren~e of pensiou to Joscpll (Hedler; to the Committee on In>alid Pensions. .Anc.lrew T. Kyle; to the Committee ou Pensions. XLVII--36 562 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. APRIL 21,

Also, a bill (H. n. 6802) granti11g an increase of pension to Also, a bill (H. R. 68-11) granting a pension to Jerry Fitz­ William Copelnnd; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. patrick; to the Committee on Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. G803) granting an increase of pension to Also, a bill (H. R. 6842) granting a pension to Frances E. Frank B. Honza; to tlie Committee on Invalid Pensions. Gibbs; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. G 04) grunting an increase of pension to .Also, n bill (H. R. G843) granting a pension to Christina Henry Keeler; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Kraft; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 6 05) granting an increase of pension to Also, a bill (H. R. 684.4) granting a pension to John William Charles H. Roe; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. WHlbrandt; to tile Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill ( H. R. 6806) granting a pension to Franklin Bar­ .Also, a bill (H. R. 0845) granting a pension to J . Frank bour ; to the Committee on Pensions. Cornman; to the Committee on Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 6807) granting a r;ension to Rebecca J. Also, a bill (H. R. 0840) granting a pension to Rachel Pearson ; Billingslea; to the Committee on Pensions. to the Committee on Jnyaliu Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 6808) granting a pension to Alice Davis ; Also, a bill (H. R. 0847 ) for the relief of George P . Thom:is; to the Committee on Pensions. to the Committee on Military Affairs. Also, a bill (H. R. 6809) granting a pension to Alexander R. Also, a bill (H. R. 6848) for the relief of Henry Mersch; to Banks; to the Committee on In·ntlid Pensions. the Committee on Military Affairs. By Mr. BATHRICK: A bill (H. R. 6810) for the relief of Also, a bill (H. R. 6S4-9) for the relief of George W. Morgan ; Clu1rles J. Callahan; to the Committee on l\Iilitary ..Hfairs . to the Committee on .l\lilitary Affairs. By Mr. BORLA.?-.'D : A bill (II. R. 6811) for the relief of John Also, n bill (H. R. 6850) for the relief of Eli Parks; to the l\Ioynihnn; to the Committee on Claims. Committee on l\filitary Affairs. By :Mr. BRADLEY : A bill (H. R. 6812) granting an increase .Also, a bill (H. R. 6851) for the relief of John Blackston ; of pension to Ambrose Langley; to the Committee on Invalicl to the Committee on l\Iilitary Affairs. Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 6852) for the relief of Lernnt C. Dingman ; Also, a bill (H. R. 0813) granting an increase of pension to to the Committee on Military Affairs. James H . Conklin; to the Committee on Iu-rnlid Pensions. Also, a bill ( H . R. 6853) for the relief of John Ziegler; to Also, a bill (H. R. 6S14) granting an increase of pension t o the Committee on .Military Affairs. John L. Smith; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R . 6854) for the relief of Josc11h Rutter; to Also, a bill (H. R. GS15) granting an increase of pension to the Committee on Military Affairs. Mary A. Fox: to the Committee on Im·alid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 6855 ) for the relief of the trustees of the By Mr. BRAl\1TLEY: A bill (H. R. 6816) granting an in­ :Methoclist Episcopal Church South, of Warrenton, Mo. ; to the crease of pension to William Bennett; to the Committee on Committee on War Claims. Pensions. Also, a bill ( H . R. 6856) for the relief of the treasurer of .Also, a bill (H. R. 0817) granting a pension to John W . State Hospital No. 1, at Fulton, l\lo.; to the Committee on War Bolt; to the Committee on Pensions. Claims. R. 6818) Also, a bill (H. granting a pension to Alice A. D. Also, a bill (H . R . 6857) for the relief of tho legal representa­ Hughes; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. tives of Alexander A.nclrae, deceased ; to the Committee ou War Also, a bill (H. R. 6819) granting a pension to William F . Claims. Patten; to the Committee on Pensions. .Also, a bill (H. R. G 20) for the relief of James I . Fountain; Also, n bill (H. R. 6858) to reimburse l\Iarion Williams; to to the Committee on War Claims. the Committee on Claims. By :Mr. BURKE of Wisconsin: A bill (H. R. 6821) to correct Also, a bill (H. R. 6859) referring to the Court of Claims tlic Fter; to the Committee Also, a um (H. R. GS3G) granting an incren.so of pension to on In\alicl Pensions. Lorenzo D . Hays; to the Committee on Invalicl Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 6874) for the relief of Everett H. Corson ; Also, a bill (II. R. GS37) granting nn increase of pension to to the Committee on Claims. John P . Jefferrics; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R G87U) granting an incre n~e of 11ension to Also, a bill (H. R. 6S38) grunting an increase of pension to James Skelley; to the Committee on Inntlicl Pensions. · James C. Rule; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. DUPRE: A bill (H. n. 6876) for the relief of the Also, a !Jill (H. R. 6 39) granting an increase of pension to estate of John Pemberton, deceased; to the Committee on War William H . ~IcGnry; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Claims. Also, a l>ill (H. R. 6840) granting a pension to Elizabeth Also, a bill (H . R. 6877) for the relief of the estate of Philip Farishon: to the Committee on Pensions. Felh:: Herwig, deceased ; to the Committee on Claims. 1911. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 563

By Mr. DYER: A bill (H. R. 6878) granting an increase of Also, a bill (H. R. 6D1G) for the relief of the estate of Harris pension to Edward P. Rice; to the Committee on Invalid Pen- Barnes, deceased; to tlle Committee on ·war Claims. sions. · By Mr. HAY: A bill (H. R. 6017) for the relief of Frederick Also, a bill (H. R. 6879) granting a pension to Henry Briggs; Hughson; to the Committee on War Claims. to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By l\Ir. HOWELL: .A. bill (H. R. G918) for the relief of By nlr. FAIRCHILD: .A bill (H. R. 6880) granting an in­ Thomas Cassidy; to the Committee on Claims. crease of pension to James .A. Darrin; to the Committee on By Mr. JONES: A bi11 (H. R. 6919) granting an increase of Im·a1id Pens.ions. pension to Sherwood C. Bowers; to the Committee on Inrnlid .Also, a bill (H. R. 6881) granting an increase of pension to Pensions. Dustin W. Whitney; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 6020) for the relief of Thomas Johnson or .Al so, a bill (H. R. 6882) granting an increase of pension to his legal representatives; to the Committee on War Claims. Lyman J. Robinson; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also. a bill ( H. R. 6021) for tlle relief of David R. .Mister ; to .Al so, a bill (H. R. 6 83) granting :m increase of pension to the Committee on War Claims. William Borst, alias William Pierce; to the Committee on In­ Also, a bill (H. R. G922) for the relief of the heirs of Lemmis valid Pensions. J. Spence, deceased; to the Committee on War Claims. .Also, a bill (H. R. 6884) granting an increase of pension to By l\Ir. K.AIIN: A bill (H. R. 6923) for the relief of Edward James H. Parks; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. S. Salomon; to the Committee on Military Affairs. A.lso, a bill ( H. R. 6885) grunting an increase of pension to Also, a bill .(H. R. 6!)24) authorizing the President to appoint Edward G. Waring; to the Committee on In Ya lid Pensions. Alexnnder Shiras Gassaway a second assistant engineer in Also, a bill (H. R. 6 SG) granting an increase of pension to the Revenue-Cutter Service; to the Committee on Interstate Willi:im C. Oakley; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. and Foreign Commerce. Alr:m, a bill ( H. R. 6887) granting an increase of pension to By Mr. McGUIRE of Oklahoma: A bill (H. R. 6925) grunt­ Charles N. Merrill; to tlle Committee on Invalid Pensions. ing an incrense of pension to Jacob Coleman; to the Committee Also, a bill ( ll. R. 68 8) granting an increase of pension to on Inrnlid Pensions. Harris0n Van Horne; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 6926) granting an increase of pension to Also, a bill (H. R. GS 9) granting an increase of pension to William McClain; to the Committee on Pensions. Charles Holmes; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (ll. R. 6027) granting an increase of pension to Also, a bill (H. R. GS90) granting an increase of pension to Theodore T. Sperling; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. An'drew J. Taylor; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 6928) granting an increase of pension to .Also, a bill (H. n. 6891) granting an increase of pension to George Mudgett; to the Committee on InYalid Pensions. John Pogue; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 6929) granting an increase of pension to .Also, a bill (H. R. 6892) granting an increase of pension to William L. Hands; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. John J. De Groff; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 6930) granting an increase of pension to Also, a bill ( H. R. 6 93) granting an increase of pension to Stalnaker l\Inrteney; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Lot Smalley; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, u bill (H. R. 6931) granting a pension to William W. Also, a bill (H. R. 6 94) granting an increase of pension to Maroney; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. .Alner Munson; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By 1\Ir. MAHER: A bill (H. R. 6932) granting an increase Also, a bill (H. R. 6 95) granting an increase of pension to of pension to William P. l\Iayles; to the Committee on Pensions. Delos Sitts; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. MARTIN of South Dakota: A bill (H. R. 6933) grant­ Also, n bill (H. R. 689G) granting an increase of pension to ing an increase of pension to Charles Wibert; to the Committee ·l\Ianfield Scott; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. G 97) granting an increase of pension to Also, a bill (H. R. 6934) granting an increase of vension to David Parris; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Allen 0. Underhi1l; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. GSD ) granting an increase of pension to By l\Ir. NYE: .A bill (H. R. 6035) granting an increase of Ricllmond White; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. pension to Eleanor Stahler; to the C&lmittee on lnYalid Pen­ Also, n bill (H. R. 6899) granting an increase of pension to sions. J. Delos Pruyn; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, n. bill ( H. R. 6936) granting an increase of pension to .Also, a bill (H. R. 6900) granting an increase of 11ension to Benjamin F. Graham; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions . William H. l\Iuxfield; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. .Also, a bill (H. R. 6937) to remo,·e the charge of desertion .Also, a bill (H. R. 6901) granting au increase of pension to from the military record of Roswell W. Gould; to the Com­ John .C. Wilson; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. mittee on Military Affairs. .Al so, a bill (H. R. 6902) granting an increase of pension to By Mr. O'SHAUNESSY: A hill HI. R. 69:}8) for the relief George C. Robinson; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. of Nathan P. Randall; to the Committee on Military Affairs. .Also, a bill (H. R. 6903) to correct the military record of Also, a bill (H. R. 693!)) granting an increase of pension to Augustus York; to the Committee on Military Affairs. 1\fartin Lanin; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By l\1r. FAISON: A bill (H. R. 6904) for the relief of the By Mr. PAL~IER: A bill (H. R. 6940) granting an increase estate of Benjamin C. Smith, deceased, W. W. Smith, adminis­ of pension to Jacob Staples; to the Committee on InYalid Pen­ trator; to the Committee on War Claims. sions. Also, a bill (II. R. 6905) for the relief of the estate of Seth Ry ~Ir. PATTEN of :Ne"· York (by request) : A bill (H. R. Waters; to the Committee on Wnr Claims. 6941) for the relief of the heirs nt law of Addison C. Fletcher, Also, a bill (H. R. 6006) for the relief of Samuel J. White; deceased; to tlrn Committee on Claims. to the Committee on War Claims. Dy Mr. POST: A bill (H. R. 6942) granting an increase of Also, a bill ( H. R. 6907) for tile relief of the estn te of Thomas pension to James ~I. Newlm1<1; to the Committee on Inntlid S. Howard, deceased; to the Committee on War Claims. Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 6008) for the relief of W. T. Hawkins; to the Committee on War Claims. Also, a bill (II. R. 6043) granting an increase of pension to By l\Ir. FULLER: A bill (H. R. 6909) granting an increase of Samuel A. Knoop; to the Committee on InYa1id P ensions. pension to Levi H. Brown; to the Committee on Invalid Pen­ Also, n bill (II. R. 6944) granting a 11ension to George n. sions. Pensyl; to the Committee ou Inrnlid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 6910) granting an increase of pension to By l\Ir. PROUTY: .A bill (H. H. 6945) grunting nn increase ..Alonzo F. Stalker; to the Co.mmittee on Invalid Pensions. of pension to David W. Dalrymple; to the Committee on In­ By l\1r. GREGG of Pennsylvania: .A bill (H. R. 6911) granting valid Pensions. an increase of pension to Joseph A. Miller; to the Committee on By l\fr. PUJO: A bill (H. R. 6!H6) for the correction of tlle Invalid Pensions. military record of Zephaniah Squires; to the Committee on By l\fr. GUERNSEY: A bill (H. R. 6912) for the relief of Military Affairs. Lewis l\iyshrull; to the Committee on Military Affairs. By l\Ir. RAKER: .A bill (H. R. 6947) to authorize the Presi­ By l\fr. HAMILTON of West Virginia: A bill (H. R. 6913) dent of the United States to n11point Robert H. Peck a captain granting an increase of pension to Alexander l\forrow; to the in the Army; to the Committee on Military Affairs. Committee on InYalid Pensions. Ry l\Ir. RIORDAN: A bill (H. R. GD48) to restore to the By l\ir. HARRISON of Mississippi: A bill (H. R. 6914) for actiYe list of the Marine Corps the name of Albert Hamilton; the relief of the estate of J. M. Fortinberry, deceased; to the to the Committee on NaYal Affairs. Committee on War Claims. By l\ir. SELLS: A bill (H. R. 6940) granting an increase of Also, a bill (II. R. 6Dl5) for the relief of the estate of Capt. pension to James R. Anderson; to the Committee on Invalid John Bolino; to the Committee on War Claims. Pensions. 564 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. APRIL 21,

Al~o, a l>ill ( H. R. 6050) granting an increase of pension to .Also, a bill (H. R. G002) granting a pension to Charles A.. .Aaron l\l. UcCo\\n; to tlle Committee on Inrnlicl Pensions. Bible; to the Committee on Pensions. Also, n bill (H. n. G851) granting an increase of pension to .Also, a bill (H. R. 6003) for the relief of James B. Leedy; to Willinm R . .:McNew; to tlrn Committee on Inrnlid Pensions. the Committee on Military Affairs. .Also, a bill (H. H. G9u2) granting an increase of pension to Also, a bill ( H. R. 6094) for the relief of Willis M. Kent; to Jolln Walker; to tlle Committee on In-rnlicl Pensions. the Committee on Military Affairs. Also, n bill ( H . R. G053) granting an increase of 11e11sion to Also, a bill (Il. R. 6995) for the relief of William Vance; to James R. Kelly; to the Committee on lnynlid Pensions. tbe Committee on Military A.fl'airs. .Also, n bill (II. n. 695-!) granting au increase of pension to Also, a bill (H. R. 6990) to correct the military record of .Alexander R. Blazer; to the Col11lllittee on Inntlid Pensions. Thomas Earls; to the Committee on Militnry Affairs. Also, a bill (H. . n.. G9G5) granting an increase of pension to Also, a bill (II. R. 6007) to correct the military record of Joseph Laughters; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. William B. Jenkins: to the Committee on :Military Affairs. Also, a bill ( H. R. 6056) granting an increase of pension to Also, a bill (H. R. 6998) to correct the military record of James White; to the Committee on Inyalicl Pensions. W. G. lUcKinzle; to tlle Committee on Military Affairs. Also, u bill (H. R. 6051) granting an increase of pension to .Also, a bill (H. R. G9D9) to correct tlle military record of Reuben SelleTs; to tbe Committee on Inrnlid Pensions. Thomas OwnlJy; to the Committee on l\Ii.litary Affairs. Also, n brll (H. R. 69GS) granting an inCrQ<'lSe of pension to Also, a bill (H. R. 7000) to correct the military record of P. A. Cobb; to the Committee on Pensions. . Isaac G. Osborn; to the Committee on Military Affairs. Also, n bill (H. R. GDOB) grnnting an increase of pension to Also, a. bill (H. R. 7001) to correct the military record of John Dunn: to the Committee on In\alid Pensions. George Bragg; to the Committee on .Military Affairs. Also, a !Jill (H. R. 6960) granting an increase of pension to Also, a bill (H. R. 7002) to remoye the charge of desertion ,V. H. Fitzgerald; to the Committee on Inn1lid Pensions. against T. N. l\1cKinnis; to the Comtuittee on :Military Affairs. Also, a bill (H. n.. G961) grantini:; an increase of pension to Also, u bill (H. R. 7003) to rcmo,·e the charge of desertion Creed Owens; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. against Andrew Potter; to t.lle Committee on Military Affairs. A.lso, a bill (H. R. 6962) granting an increase of pension to .Also, a bill (H. R. 7004) for relief of the heirs of William W. B. C. Smith; to the Committee on InYalicl Pensions. M. Piper; to the Committee on War Clainrn. . Also, a bill ( H. R. 6963) grantin; nn increase of pension to Also, a bill (IT. R. 7005) to carry into effect the findings of tho J. :E'. Smith; to the Committee on Inrnlid Pensions. Court of Claims in the case of William Raines; tO the Committee Al"'o, a bill (H. R. G9G 1.1) granting an increase of i1ension to on War Claims. Joseph Rice; .to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 7006) granting a pension to certain east A.lso, a bill (H. n.. 6!)6-5) granting·an increase of pension to Tennesseeans engaged in the Secret Service of the United States Sarah McQuecn; to the Committee on Im·alid Pensions. during the War of the Rebellion; to the Committee on Invalid Also, a bill (H. R. 6966) granting an increase of pension to Pensions. . William J. Ingle; to the Committee on Pensions. By Mr. SLAYDEN: A bill (H. R. 7007) for the relief of Mrs. .Also, a bill (H. R. G067) granting an increase of pension to James 1\I. Jett; to the Committee on War Claims. John J. Proffitt; to the Committee on Pensions. By l\ir. SPEER: A bill (H. Il. 7008) making an appropriation Also, a bill (H. R. 6968) grunting an increase of pension to fo_r defraying losses sustained by lumbermen on· the .Allegheny Edgar H. Cooper; to the Committee on Inrnlid Pensions. Rn-er, Allegheny County, Pa., caused uy tlle erection of n clam Also, a !Jill (H. R. 6969) granting an increase of pension to on said riyer in said county; to the Committee on Claims. Henry Watson; to the Committee on InYalid Pensions. By l\lr. TALCOTT of New York: A bill (H. R 7009) grant­ A.Iso, a bill (H. R. 6070) granting nn increase of pension to ing an increase of pension to Charles FJ. Benson · to the Com- Reuben Cornett; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. mittee on Invalid Pensions. ' Also, a bill (H. R. 6971) granting a pension to Ed. G. Beal; to By Mr. TAYLOR of Ohio: A bill (H. R. 7010) granting an in­ the Committee on InYnlid Pensions. crease of pension to Richard S. Higgins; to the Committee on Also, a bill (H. R. 6!1i2) granting a pension to Bascom M. Invalid Pensions. Meyers; to tlle Committee on Inrnlid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 7011) grantin~ an incr~se of pension to Also, a bill (H. R. 6973) granting a pension to Elizabeth John W. Cox; to the Committee on Invulicl Pensions. Thomas; to the Committee on InYalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 7012) granting an increase of pension to .Also, a bill (H. R. 6974) granting a pension to Richard Craw­ Perry Morey; to the Committee on Inva.licl Pensions. ford; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 7013) granting an increase of pension to .A.lso, a bill (H. R. G975) _granting u pension to Nancy West; .Austin P. Thayer; to tbe Committee on Invalid Pensions. to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, u bill (H. R. 7014) granting an increase of pension to Also, a bill (.fl. R. 6976) granting a pension to James K. Henry .A. Collier; to the CommittQe on Invalid Pensions. Bowman; to the Committee on Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 701U) granting au increase of pension to Also, a bill (H. R. 6077) granting a pension to Tide Owens; to Henry S. Byers; to t.llc Committee on Inyali

By l\lr. BERGER: Petition of 63,285 in

Also, petition of tea importers· of the city of New York, rela­ MESS.AGE FROM THE IIOUSE. tive to the duty on tea; to the Committee on Ways and Means. Also, resolutions of l\ferchants' .Association of New Yorl{ A message from the House of Representatives, by Mr. South, favoring Canadian reciprocity; to the Committee on Ways and its Chief Clerk, announced that the House had passed a bill .Means. (II. R. 4412) to promote reciprocal trade relations with the By Mr. UTTER: Petition of sundry citizens of Rhode Island, Dominion of Canada, and for other purposes, in which it re­ fa"\'oring the establishment of a department of public health; quested the concurrence of the Senate. to the Committee on Expenditures in the Interior Department. PETITIONS AND :MEMORIALS . .Also, resolutions of the Carpenters' District Council of Pro\i­ The PRESIDING OFFICER presented a resolution adopted dence, R. I., and vicinity, favoring repeal of the tax on oleo­ by tbe Chamber of Commerce of Philadelphia, Pa., favoring the margarine; to the Committee on Agriculture. enactment of legislati0n placing appointments and promotions in the Consular Service upon a merit basis, which was referred to the Committee on l!'oreign Relations. He also presented resolutions adopted at a mass meeting of SENATE. citizens of the northwest section of Chicago, Ill., remonstrating against any further action being taken in the case of the elec­ MONDAY, April 934, 1911. tion of a Senator from Illinois, which were referred to the Committee on Privileges and Elections. Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. Ulysses G. B. Pierce, D. D. He also presented resolutions adopted by the Robert Emmet NAMING A PRESIDING OFFICER. l\Iemorial .Association, of Buffalo, N. Y., remonstrating against the ratification of the proposed treaty of arbitration between The .Assistant Secretary reaetwee~ resentatives of the appointment of the committee on the part the United States and Great Britain, which was referrecl to the of the Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations.