Dichloromethane
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Use of Solvents for Pahs Extraction and Enhancement of the Pahs Bioremediation in Coal- Tar-Contaminated Soils Pak-Hing Lee Iowa State University
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2000 Use of solvents for PAHs extraction and enhancement of the PAHs bioremediation in coal- tar-contaminated soils Pak-Hing Lee Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Environmental Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Lee, Pak-Hing, "Use of solvents for PAHs extraction and enhancement of the PAHs bioremediation in coal-tar-contaminated soils " (2000). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 13912. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/13912 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter fece, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quaiity of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substeindard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlilcely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. -
Packet of Wiser Reports on Acetone Acetonitrile
Ac&tone ^Hazmat - NFPA Hazard Classification Page 1 of Acetone CAS RN: 67-64-1 Hazmat - NFPA Hazard Classification SOMS DocID 2085807 Health: 1 (Slight) Materials that, on exposure, would cause significant irritation, but only minor residual injury, including those requiring the use of an approved air-purifying respirator. These materials are only slightly hazardous to health and only breathing protection is needed. Flammability: 3 (Severe) rhis degree includes Class IB and 1C flammable liquids and materials that can be easily ignited under almost all normal temperature conditions. Water may be ineffective in controlling or extinguishing fires in such materials. Instability: 0 (Minimal) This degree includes materials that are normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and that do not react with water.- Norma lire fighting procedures may be used. Printed by WISER for Windows (v2.3.231, database v2.108) HHS/NIH, National Library of Medicine AR000018 iile://C:\Documents and Settings\Gham\Application Data\National Library of Medicine\WISER\2.3.231.628... 9/27/20 Acetone ^Key Info Page 1 of Acetone CAS RN: 67-64-1 Key Info FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar / Water-Miscible) • HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames • CAUTION: Very low flash point; use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient Printed by WISER for Windows (v2.3.231, database v2.108) HHS/NIH, National Library of Medicine AR000019 file://C:\Documents and Settings\Gham\Application Data\National Library of Medicine\WISER\2.3.231.628../ 9/27/20 Acetone - -Hazmat - Explosive Limits / Potential Page 1 of Acetone CAS RIM: 67-64-1 Hazmat - Explosive Limits / Potential Highly flammable liquid. -
AP-42 Vol. I CH1.6 Wood Residue Combustion in Boilers
1.6 Wood Residue Combustion In Boilers 1.6.1 General1-6 The burning of wood residue in boilers is mostly confined to those industries where it is available as a byproduct. It is burned both to obtain heat energy and to alleviate possible solid residue disposal problems. In boilers, wood residue is normally burned in the form of hogged wood, bark, sawdust, shavings, chips, mill rejects, sanderdust, or wood trim. Heating values for this residue range from about 4,500 British thermal units/pound (Btu/lb) of fuel on a wet, as-fired basis, to about 8,000 Btu/lb for dry wood. The moisture content of as-fired wood is typically near 50 weight percent for the pulp, paper and lumber industries and is typically 10 to 15 percent for the furniture industry. However, moisture contents may vary from 5 to 75 weight percent depending on the residue type and storage operations. Generally, bark is the major type of residue burned in pulp mills; either a mixture of wood and bark residue or wood residue alone is burned most frequently in the lumber, furniture, and plywood industries. 1.6.2 Firing Practices5, 7, 8 Various boiler firing configurations are used for burning wood residue. One common type of boiler used in smaller operations is the Dutch oven. This unit is widely used because it can burn fuels with very high moisture content. Fuel is fed into the oven through an opening in the top of a refractory-lined furnace. The fuel accumulates in a cone-shaped pile on a flat or sloping grate. -
Dichloromethane; CASRN 75-09-2
Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Chemical Assessment Summary National Center for Environmental Assessment Dichloromethane; CASRN 75-09-2 Human health assessment information on a chemical substance is included in the IRIS database only after a comprehensive review of toxicity data, as outlined in the IRIS assessment development process. Sections I (Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects) and II (Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure) present the conclusions that were reached during the assessment development process. Supporting information and explanations of the methods used to derive the values given in IRIS are provided in the guidance documents located on the IRIS website. STATUS OF DATA FOR Dichloromethane File First On-Line 01/31/1987 Category (section) Assessment Available? Last Revised Oral RfD (I.A.) Yes 11/18/2011 Inhalation RfC (I.B.) Yes 11/18/2011 Carcinogenicity Assessment (II.) Yes 11/18/2011 I. Chronic Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects I.A. Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD) Substance Name — Dichloromethane CASRN — 75-09-2 Section I.A. Last Revised — 11/18/2011 The RfD is an estimate (with uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of magnitude) of a daily oral exposure to the human population (including sensitive subgroups) that is likely to be without an appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime. The RfD is intended for use in risk assessments for health effects known or assumed to be produced through a nonlinear (presumed threshold) mode of action. It is expressed in units of mg/kg-day. Please refer to the guidance documents for an elaboration of these concepts. -
NMR Chemical Shifts of Common Laboratory Solvents As Trace Impurities
7512 J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 7512-7515 NMR Chemical Shifts of Common Laboratory Solvents as Trace Impurities Hugo E. Gottlieb,* Vadim Kotlyar, and Abraham Nudelman* Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel Received June 27, 1997 In the course of the routine use of NMR as an aid for organic chemistry, a day-to-day problem is the identifica- tion of signals deriving from common contaminants (water, solvents, stabilizers, oils) in less-than-analyti- cally-pure samples. This data may be available in the literature, but the time involved in searching for it may be considerable. Another issue is the concentration dependence of chemical shifts (especially 1H); results obtained two or three decades ago usually refer to much Figure 1. Chemical shift of HDO as a function of tempera- more concentrated samples, and run at lower magnetic ture. fields, than today’s practice. 1 13 We therefore decided to collect H and C chemical dependent (vide infra). Also, any potential hydrogen- shifts of what are, in our experience, the most popular bond acceptor will tend to shift the water signal down- “extra peaks” in a variety of commonly used NMR field; this is particularly true for nonpolar solvents. In solvents, in the hope that this will be of assistance to contrast, in e.g. DMSO the water is already strongly the practicing chemist. hydrogen-bonded to the solvent, and solutes have only a negligible effect on its chemical shift. This is also true Experimental Section for D2O; the chemical shift of the residual HDO is very NMR spectra were taken in a Bruker DPX-300 instrument temperature-dependent (vide infra) but, maybe counter- (300.1 and 75.5 MHz for 1H and 13C, respectively). -
Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality, Fourth Edition
12 Chemical fact sheets A conceptual framework for Introduction implementing the Guidelines (Chapter 1) (Chapter 2) he background docu- FRAMEWORK FOR SAFE DRINKING-WATER SUPPORTING Tments referred to in INFORMATION this chapter (as the princi- Health-based targets Public health context Microbial aspects pal reference for each fact (Chapter 3) and health outcome (Chapters 7 and 11) sheet) may be found on Water safety plans Chemical aspects (Chapter 4) (Chapters 8 and 12) the Water, Sanitation, Hy- System Management and Radiological Monitoring giene and Health web site assessment communication aspects at http://www.who.int/ (Chapter 9) Acceptability Surveillance water_sanitation_health/ aspects (Chapter 5) dwq/chemicals/en/index. (Chapter 10) html. A complete list of r eferences cited in this Application of the Guidelines in specic circumstances chapter, including the (Chapter 6) background documents Climate change, Emergencies, Rainwater harvesting, Desalination for each c hemical, is pro- systems, Travellers, Planes and vided in Annex 2. ships, etc. 12.1 Chemical contaminants in drinking-water Acrylamide Residual acrylamide monomer occurs in polyacrylamide coagulants used in the treat- ment of drinking-water. In general, the maximum authorized dose of polymer is 1 mg/l. At a monomer content of 0.05%, this corresponds to a maximum theoretical concen- tration of 0.5 µg/l of the monomer in water. Practical concentrations may be lower by a factor of 2–3. This applies to the anionic and non-ionic polyacrylamides, but residual levels from cationic polyacrylamides may be higher. Polyacrylamides are also used as grouting agents in the construction of drinking-water reservoirs and wells. -
Ijmp.Jor.Br V
INDEPENDENT JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT & PRODUCTION (IJM&P) http://www.ijmp.jor.br v. 10, n. 8, Special Edition Seng 2019 ISSN: 2236-269X DOI: 10.14807/ijmp.v10i8.1046 A NEW HYPOTHESIS ABOUT THE NUCLEAR HYDROGEN STRUCTURE Relly Victoria Virgil Petrescu IFToMM, Romania E-mail: [email protected] Raffaella Aversa University of Naples, Italy E-mail: [email protected] Antonio Apicella University of Naples, Italy E-mail: [email protected] Taher M. Abu-Lebdeh North Carolina A and T State Univesity, United States E-mail: [email protected] Florian Ion Tiberiu Petrescu IFToMM, Romania E-mail: [email protected] Submission: 5/3/2019 Accept: 5/20/2019 ABSTRACT In other papers already presented on the structure and dimensions of elemental hydrogen, the elementary particle dynamics was taken into account in order to be able to determine the size of the hydrogen. This new work, one comes back with a new dynamic hypothesis designed to fundamentally change again the dynamic particle size due to the impulse influence of the particle. Until now it has been assumed that the impulse of an elementary particle is equal to the mass of the particle multiplied by its velocity, but in reality, the impulse definition is different, which is derived from the translational kinetic energy in a rapport of its velocity. This produces an additional condensation of matter in its elemental form. Keywords: Particle structure; Impulse; Condensed matter. [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/us/] Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 United States License 1749 INDEPENDENT JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT & PRODUCTION (IJM&P) http://www.ijmp.jor.br v. -
Alberta Environment
Chemical Fact Sheets Manganese, Mn CAS No. 7439-96-5 WHAT IS MANGANESE? Manganese is a gray-pink metal. USES Manganese is used in the manufacture of ceramics, matches, glass, dyes and welding rods. It is a component of steel, steel alloys, cast iron, superalloys & nonferrous alloys, as well as a chemical intermediate for high purity salts. Manganese is used as a purifying & scavenging agent in metal production. SOURCES Manganese is a naturally occurring substance found in many types of rock; it is ubiquitous in the environment and found in low levels in water air, soil, and food. It is commonly found in the environment as a result of its use in the manufacture of the above-noted materials. ENVIRONMENTAL LEVELS AND EXPOSURE Exposure to manganese might include: • Inhaling it in ambient air, particularly near industries involved in the manufacture of manganese-containing materials. Occupational exposure via inhalation is most common. Ambient air concentrations of manganese were not reported in 1997 or 1998 in Alberta. ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND BEHAVIOUR • Manganese, as an aerosol, may dissolve upon contact with water on a time scale of a few minutes. TOXICITY • Manganese is an element considered essential to human health. • Inhalation of manganese compounds in aerosols or fine dusts may cause "metal fume fever”. MANGANESE Page 1 of 2 • Early symptoms of chronic manganese poisoning may include languor, sleepiness and weakness in the legs. Emotional disturbances such as uncontrollable laughter and a spastic gait with tendency to fall in walking are common in more advanced cases. • Chronic manganese poisoning is not a fatal disease. -
Silanes for Powerful Connections
Creating tomorrow’s solutions SILANES I ORGANOFUNCTIONAL FOR POWERFUL CONNECTIONS You’ve never worked like this WITH SILANES OUR GENIOSIL® TRADEMARK WACKER organofunctional silanes, WACKER has been actively researching Contents marketed under the trademark and developing organofunctional silanes GENIOSIL®, include our established for decades. Chemically and technologi- The GENIOSIL® Trademark 3 standard silanes as well as numerous cally, they are closely related to silicones, Organofunctional Silanes 4 specialty silanes that will be of use which have always constituted one of Chemical Bonding to in a variety of new application areas. our core businesses. Our experience in Organic Polymers 6 these fields, together with our expertise The “a Effect” 8 We encounter industrial products con- in organic fine chemicals, enables us GENIOSIL® für Adhesives and taining organofunctional silanes every to continuously develop innovative Sealants 12 day, and without them, the world as processes and products in these key Product Overview GENIOSIL® we know it would be hard to imagine. technologies. Organofunctional Silanes 16 As an important component of paints Product Overview and varnishes, organofunctional silanes Today, WACKER produces a broad range Non-functional Silanes 18 ensure that they adhere to a variety of organofunctional silanes and markets WACKER at a Glance 19 of substrates and last for many years. them under the GENIOSIL® trademark. Adhesives containing silanes can replace The product portfolio includes not only rivets and bolts, while silane-modified the established, standard products, but fillers and glass fibers reinforce plastics, also novel molecules with unrivaled prop- thus making them suitable for a huge erties. These open up completely new range of applications. -
A Functional Nitric Oxide Reductase Model
A functional nitric oxide reductase model James P. Collman*, Ying Yang, Abhishek Dey, Richard A. Decre´ au, Somdatta Ghosh, Takehiro Ohta, and Edward I. Solomon Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 Contributed by James P. Collman, September 2, 2008 (sent for review August 7, 2008) A functional heme/nonheme nitric oxide reductase (NOR) model is presented. The fully reduced diiron compound reacts with two equivalents of NO leading to the formation of one equivalent of N2O and the bis-ferric product. NO binds to both heme Fe and nonheme Fe complexes forming individual ferrous nitrosyl species. The mixed-valence species with an oxidized heme and a reduced nonheme FeB does not show NO reduction activity. These results are consistent with a so-called ‘‘trans’’ mechanism for the reduc- tion of NO by bacterial NOR. functional model ͉ NO reduction ͉ N2O ͉ “trans” mechanism Fig. 1. Schematic representation of the bimetallic active sites of NOR and itric oxide reductase (NOR) is a membrane-bound enzyme CcO. Nthat catalyzes the 2eϪ reduction of nitric oxide (NO) to nitrous oxide (N2O), an obligatory step involved in the sequen- Ϫ tial reduction of nitrate to dinitrogen known as bacterial deni- FTIR reveals a heme ferric nitrosyl band at 1,924 cm 1 that shifts trification. The active site of NOR consists of a monohistidine to 1,887 cmϪ1 when 15NO is used, whereas the EPR spectrum ligated five-coordinate heme and a trisimidazole ligated non- manifests a low-spin ferric signal that is assigned to the nonheme heme FeB. This structure strongly resembles the active site of FeB because a ferric heme nitrosyl would be EPR silent. -
Dichloromethane
Version 6.11 SAFETY DATA SHEET Revision Date 06/14/2021 Print Date 09/25/2021 SECTION 1: Identification of the substance/mixture and of the company/undertaking 1.1 Product identifiers Product name : Dichloromethane Product Number : 270997 Brand : Sigma-Aldrich Index-No. : 602-004-00-3 CAS-No. : 75-09-2 1.2 Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against Identified uses : This chemical/product is not and cannot be distributed in commerce (as defined in TSCA section 3(5)) or processed (as defined in TSCA section 3(13)) for consumer paint or coating removal. 1.3 Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet Company : Sigma-Aldrich Inc. 3050 SPRUCE ST ST. LOUIS MO 63103 UNITED STATES Telephone : +1 314 771-5765 Fax : +1 800 325-5052 1.4 Emergency telephone Emergency Phone # : 800-424-9300 CHEMTREC (USA) +1-703- 527-3887 CHEMTREC (International) 24 Hours/day; 7 Days/week SECTION 2: Hazards identification 2.1 Classification of the substance or mixture GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) Skin irritation (Category 2), H315 Eye irritation (Category 2A), H319 Carcinogenicity (Category 2), H351 Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure (Category 3), Central nervous system, H336 For the full text of the H-Statements mentioned in this Section, see Section 16. 2.2 GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements Pictogram Sigma-Aldrich - 270997 Page 1 of 12 The life science business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany operates as MilliporeSigma in the US and Canada Signal word Warning Hazard statement(s) H315 Causes skin irritation. -
Subhra Bhattacharya, Eric Oliver, Deva H. Puranam and Stephen C
GCMS IMPURITY PROFILING OF METHYLENE CHLORIDE – A SOLVENT WIDELY USED IN PHARMACEUTICAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES Subhra Bhattacharya, Eric Oliver, Deva H. Puranam and Stephen C. Roemer Thermo Fisher Scientific – Global Chemicals, One Reagent Lane, Fair Lawn, NJ ABSTRACT Figure 1. Schematic of Dedicated Distillation Unit (1000 gal capacity) Figure 3. Supplier #1 Raw Material February 2012 – Extracted Ion Chromatogram of m/z 140 and m/z 12 Figure 6. Supplier #2 Raw Material and Purified Product February 2013 Figure 10. EIC of m/z 104, Mass Spectra and NIST Result • Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) has gained broad usage in pharmaceutical, environmental, and chemical research because the technique supports qualitative and quantitative applications with low limits of detection. Methylene chloride is commonly used as an extraction solvent for trace analysis of organic molecules by GCMS. Production of ultrapure methylene chloride has become a challenge due to instrumentation advances leading to ever-lower analyte detection limits. Analysis of raw materials and the corresponding purified solvents by GCMS generates relevant information regarding the nature of the impurities and help to explore new strategies for producing ultrapure methylene chloride. • In the current work, GCMS was used to evaluate the impurity profile of raw methylene chloride from different sources as well as the finished product in order to track the movement and accumulation of impurities in the solvent through the distillation and packaging processes. Rotary evaporation was used to concentrate the solvent, 1000-fold for raw material and 4000-fold for distilled product. GCMS data were collected using Thermo Scientific Trace GC Ultra-MSQ instrument.