Vitamin D and Human Health
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Correction of Vitamin D Deficiency in Critically Ill Patients Study Protocol
1 VITdAL@ICU - Correction of vitamin D deficiency in critically ill patients VITdAL@ICU Correction of vitamin D deficiency in critically ill patients Study Protocol Version 1.0, 19.02.2010 Original Version Version 2.0, 10.11.2010 Addition of personal variant for 6 – month – follow-up (including assessment of falls and fractures) and data safety review Version 3.0, 17.8.2012 Addition of 24-month follow-up Downloaded From: https://jamanetwork.com/ on 10/01/2021 2 VITdAL@ICU - Correction of vitamin D deficiency in critically ill patients SYNOPSIS Sponsor- Univ.-Prof. Dr. Harald Dobnig Investigator Department of Internal Medicine Division of Endocrinology and Nuclear Medicine Medical University of Graz Tel.: +43/316/385-80252 Email: [email protected] Correction of vitamin D deficiency in critically ill patients: a Title randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (“VITDAL@ICU”) Background Low vitamin D status is associated with increased mortality, cardiovascular events, diabetes, hypertension and impaired function of the immune and musculoskeletal system in cross-sectional and prospective cohort studies. Given that most critically ill patients are vitamin D deficient, treatment with sufficiently high doses of vitamin D may represent a promising and inexpensive intervention option. To date, no clinical trial has prospectively evaluated clinical outcomes in patients treated with vitamin D in an intensive care setting. Objectives/ Primary endpoint Outcome - hospital stay measures Secondary endpoints - ICU stay - mortality in -
Hypervitaminosis - an Emerging Pathological Condition
International Journal of Health Sciences and Research www.ijhsr.org ISSN: 2249-9571 Review Article Hypervitaminosis - An Emerging Pathological Condition J K Roop PG Department of Zoology, JC DAV College (Affiliated to Panjab University, Chandigarh), Dasuya-144205, District Hoshiarpur, Punjab, India ABSTRACT Vitamins are essential organic compounds that are required in small amounts to regulate various metabolic activities in the body. Prolonged and overconsumption of pharmaceutical forms of both water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins may lead to toxicity and/or hypervitaminosis. Hypervitaminosis is an acute emerging pathological condition of the body due to excess accumulation of any of the vitamins. In case of acute poisoning with vitamin supplements/drugs, emergency assistance is required to detoxify the effects and restore the organization, structure and function of body’s tissues and organs. Sometimes death may occur due to intoxication to liver, kidney and heart. So, to manage any type of hypervitaminosis, proper diagnosis is essential to initiate eliminating the cause of its occurrence and accelerate the elimination of the supplement from the body. The present review discusses the symptoms of hypervitaminosis that seems to be a matter of concern today and management strategies to overcome toxicity or hypervitaminosis. Keywords: Hypervitaminosis, Toxicity, Vitamins, Vitamin pathology, Fat-soluble vitamin, Water- soluble vitamin. INTRODUCTION body, particularly in the liver. Vitamin B Vitamins are potent organic Complex and vitamin C are water- soluble. compounds present in small concentrations They are dissolved easily in food during in various fruits and vegetables. They cooking and a portion of these vitamins may regulate physiological functions and help in be destroyed by heating. -
Profiling of Serum Metabolites in Advanced Colon Cancer Using Liquid Chromatography‑Mass Spectrometry
4002 ONCOLOGY LETTERS 19: 4002-4010, 2020 Profiling of serum metabolites in advanced colon cancer using liquid chromatography‑mass spectrometry YANG ZHANG, YECHAO DU, ZHEYU SONG, SUONING LIU, WEI LI, DAGUANG WANG and JIAN SUO The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China Received January 13, 2019; Accepted January 22, 2020 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11510 Abstract. Lymph node metastasis remains a key factor that 51,000 deaths (1,2), accounting for >1,000,000 newly diag- affects the prognosis of patients with colon cancer. The nosed cases and up to 500,000 cancer-associated mortality aim of the present study was to identify and evaluate serum cases estimated per year between 2016 and 2019 world- metabolites as biomarkers for the detection of tumor lymph wide (3). Patients with early stage disease may present with no node metastasis and the prediction of patient survival. The specific symptoms or clinical manifestations; however, once present study analyzed the metabolites in the serum of symptoms occur, the disease may have already progressed to patients with advanced colon cancer both with and without an advanced stage (4). This delays the opportunity to provide lymph node metastasis. Blood samples from 104 patients the patient with curative surgery, and thereby increases the with stage T3 colon cancer were collected and analyzed risk of mortality (5). Early detection methods for colon cancer using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The include the fecal occult blood test, the analysis of certain metabolites were structurally confirmed with data from the gastrointestinal tumor markers, such as CEA and CA19-9, Human Metabolome Database. -
Simulation of Physicochemical and Pharmacokinetic Properties of Vitamin D3 and Its Natural Derivatives
pharmaceuticals Article Simulation of Physicochemical and Pharmacokinetic Properties of Vitamin D3 and Its Natural Derivatives Subrata Deb * , Anthony Allen Reeves and Suki Lafortune Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, Miami, FL 33169, USA; [email protected] (A.A.R.); [email protected] (S.L.) * Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected]; Tel.: +1-224-310-7870 or +1-305-760-7479 Received: 9 June 2020; Accepted: 20 July 2020; Published: 23 July 2020 Abstract: Vitamin D3 is an endogenous fat-soluble secosteroid, either biosynthesized in human skin or absorbed from diet and health supplements. Multiple hydroxylation reactions in several tissues including liver and small intestine produce different forms of vitamin D3. Low serum vitamin D levels is a global problem which may origin from differential absorption following supplementation. The objective of the present study was to estimate the physicochemical properties, metabolism, transport and pharmacokinetic behavior of vitamin D3 derivatives following oral ingestion. GastroPlus software, which is an in silico mechanistically-constructed simulation tool, was used to simulate the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic behavior for twelve vitamin D3 derivatives. The Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion and Toxicity (ADMET) Predictor and PKPlus modules were employed to derive the relevant parameters from the structural features of the compounds. The majority of the vitamin D3 derivatives are lipophilic (log P values > 5) with poor water solubility which are reflected in the poor predicted bioavailability. The fraction absorbed values for the vitamin D3 derivatives were low except for calcitroic acid, 1,23S,25-trihydroxy-24-oxo-vitamin D3, and (23S,25R)-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-26,23-lactone each being greater than 90% fraction absorbed. -
Question of the Day Archives: Monday, December 5, 2016 Question: Calcium Oxalate Is a Widespread Toxin Found in Many Species of Plants
Question Of the Day Archives: Monday, December 5, 2016 Question: Calcium oxalate is a widespread toxin found in many species of plants. What is the needle shaped crystal containing calcium oxalate called and what is the compilation of these structures known as? Answer: The needle shaped plant-based crystals containing calcium oxalate are known as raphides. A compilation of raphides forms the structure known as an idioblast. (Lim CS et al. Atlas of select poisonous plants and mushrooms. 2016 Disease-a-Month 62(3):37-66) Friday, December 2, 2016 Question: Which oral chelating agent has been reported to cause transient increases in plasma ALT activity in some patients as well as rare instances of mucocutaneous skin reactions? Answer: Orally administered dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) has been reported to cause transient increases in ALT activity as well as rare instances of mucocutaneous skin reactions. (Bradberry S et al. Use of oral dimercaptosuccinic acid (succimer) in adult patients with inorganic lead poisoning. 2009 Q J Med 102:721-732) Thursday, December 1, 2016 Question: What is Clioquinol and why was it withdrawn from the market during the 1970s? Answer: According to the cited reference, “Between the 1950s and 1970s Clioquinol was used to treat and prevent intestinal parasitic disease [intestinal amebiasis].” “In the early 1970s Clioquinol was withdrawn from the market as an oral agent due to an association with sub-acute myelo-optic neuropathy (SMON) in Japanese patients. SMON is a syndrome that involves sensory and motor disturbances in the lower limbs as well as visual changes that are due to symmetrical demyelination of the lateral and posterior funiculi of the spinal cord, optic nerve, and peripheral nerves. -
Bone Metabolism
This thesis has been submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for a postgraduate degree (e.g. PhD, MPhil, DClinPsychol) at the University of Edinburgh. Please note the following terms and conditions of use: • This work is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, which are retained by the thesis author, unless otherwise stated. • A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. • This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author. • The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author. • When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. THE ROLE OF TYPE 2 CANNABINOID RECEPTOR IN BONE METABOLISM Antonia Sophocleous (BSc) A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Edinburgh 2009 To my family II DECLARATION I hereby declare that this thesis has been composed by myself and the work described within, except where specifically acknowledged, is my own and that it has not been accepted in any previous application for a degree. The information obtained from sources other than this study is acknowledged in the text or included in the references. Antonia Sophocleous III CONTENTS Dedication II Declaration III Contents IV Acknowledgements XI Publications from thesis XII Abbreviations XIII List of figures -
Draft Vitamin D and Health Report
Draft Vitamin D and Health report Scientific consultation: 22 July to 23 September 2015 Contents Page 1. Introduction 3 2. Biology and metabolism 5 3. Photobiology of vitamin D 16 4. Measuring vitamin D exposure (from diet and sunlight) 24 5. Relationship between vitamin D exposure and serum (25(OH)D concentration 29 6. Vitamin D and health outcomes 35 Musculoskeletal outcomes 37 Rickets 39 Osteomalacia 41 Pregnancy and lactation 42 Infants (up to 12 months) 44 Children (1-3y) 45 Children (4-8y) 45 Adults < 50 years 47 Adults > 50 years 50 Conclusions – vitamin D & musculoskeletal health outcomes 59 Non-musculoskeletal health outcomes 61 Pregnancy & lactation – non-musculoskeletal health outcomes 61 Cancers 67 Cardiovascular disease & hypertension 70 All-cause mortality 74 Autoimmune disease 76 Infectious disease 81 Neuropsychological functioning 85 Oral health 88 Age-related macular degeneration 90 Conclusions – non-musculoskeletal health outcomes 92 Selection of health outcomes to inform the setting of DRVs for vitamin D 93 7. Potential adverse effects of high vitamin D intakes/high serum 25(OH)D 95 concentration 8. Dietary vitamin D intakes and serum/plasma 25(OH)D concentrations of the UK 102 population 9. Review of DRVs 109 10. Overall summary & conclusions 121 11. Recommendations 130 12. References 131 2 1. Introduction Background 1. Vitamin D is synthesised in the skin by the action of sunlight. Skin synthesis is the main source of vitamin D for most people; dietary sources are essential when exposure to sunlight containing the appropriate wavelength is limited. The Committee on Medical Aspects of Food and Nutrition Policy (COMA), which set Dietary Reference Values (DRVs) for vitamin D in 1991 (DH1, 1991), did not set a Reference Nutrient Intake (RNI2) for groups in the population considered to receive adequate sunlight exposure. -
Is Calcifediol Better Than Cholecalciferol for Vitamin D Supplementation?
Osteoporosis International (2018) 29:1697–1711 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-018-4520-y REVIEW Is calcifediol better than cholecalciferol for vitamin D supplementation? J. M. Quesada-Gomez1,2 & R. Bouillon3 Received: 22 February 2018 /Accepted: 28 March 2018 /Published online: 30 April 2018 # International Osteoporosis Foundation and National Osteoporosis Foundation 2018 Abstract Modest and even severe vitamin D deficiency is widely prevalent around the world. There is consensus that a good vitamin D status is necessary for bone and general health. Similarly, a better vitamin D status is essential for optimal efficacy of antiresorptive treatments. Supplementation of food with vitamin D or using vitamin D supplements is the most widely used strategy to improve the vitamin status. Cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) and ergocalciferol (vitamin D2)arethemostwidelyused compounds and the relative use of both products depends on historical or practical reasons. Oral intake of calcifediol (25OHD3) rather than vitamin D itself should also be considered for oral supplementation. We reviewed all publications dealing with a comparison of oral cholecalciferol with oral calcifediol as to define the relative efficacy of both compounds for improving the vitamin D status. First, oral calcifediol results in a more rapid increase in serum 25OHD compared to oral cholecalciferol. Second, oral calcifediol is more potent than cholecalciferol, so that lower dosages are needed. Based on the results of nine RCTs comparing physiologic doses of oral cholecalciferol with oral calcifediol, calcifediol was 3.2-fold more potent than oral chole- calciferol. Indeed, when using dosages ≤ 25 μg/day, serum 25OHD increased by 1.5 ± 0.9 nmol/l for each 1 μgcholecalciferol, whereas this was 4.8 ± 1.2 nmol/l for oral calcifediol. -
1 1. NAME of the MEDICINAL PRODUCT Vitamin D3 Adoh 5.600
1. NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT Vitamin D3 Adoh 5.600 IU tablet Vitamin D3 Adoh 10.000 IU tablet Vitamin D3 Adoh 25.000 IU tablet 2. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION Vitamin D3 Adoh 5.600 IU tablet Each tablet contains 0.14 mg (5.600 IU) cholecalciferol (vitamin D3). Vitamin D3 Adoh 10.000 IU tablet Each tablet contains 0.25 mg (10.000 IU) cholecalciferol (vitamin D3). Vitamin D3 Adoh 25.000 IU tablet Each tablet contains 0.625 mg (25.000 IU) cholecalciferol (vitamin D3). Excipient with known effect: sucrose. For the full list of excipients, see section 6.1. 3. PHARMACEUTICAL FORM Oral tablets. Vitamin D3 Adoh 5.600 IU tablet White or almost white round, biconvex tablet, scoring line on one side and plain on other with 8 mm in diameter and 3.0-4.0 mm height. The scoring line is not intended to divide into equal doses. Vitamin D3 Adoh 10.000 IU tablet White or almost white round, biconvex tablet, plain on both sides with 9 mm in diameter and 4.5 mm height. Vitamin D3 Adoh 25.000 IU tablet White or almost white oval, biconvex tablet, plain on both sides with dimensions 17 mm x 8 mm and 6.5 mm height. 4. CLINICAL PARTICULARS 4.1 Therapeutic indications • Initial treatment of vitamin D deficiency (serum 25(OH)D < 25 nmol/l). • Prevention of vitamin D deficiency in adults with an identified risk. • As an adjunct to specific therapy for osteoporosis in patients with vitamin D deficiency or at risk of vitamin D insufficiency. -
Vitamin D and Cancer
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION INTERNATIONAL AGENCY FOR RESEARCH ON CANCER Vitamin D and Cancer IARC 2008 WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION INTERNATIONAL AGENCY FOR RESEARCH ON CANCER IARC Working Group Reports Volume 5 Vitamin D and Cancer - i - Vitamin D and Cancer Published by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France © International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2008-11-24 Distributed by WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; email: [email protected]) Publications of the World Health Organization enjoy copyright protection in accordance with the provisions of Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. All rights reserved. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city, or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturer’s products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. The authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this publication. The International Agency for Research on Cancer welcomes requests for permission to reproduce or translate its publications, in part or in full. -
Investigation of Different Levels of Cholecalciferol and Its Metabolite In
Acta Scientiarum http://periodicos.uem.br/ojs/acta ISSN on-line: 1807-8672 Doi: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v43i1.48816 NONRUMINANTS NUTRITION Investigation of different levels of cholecalciferol and its metabolite in calcium and phosphorus deficient diets on growth performance, tibia bone ash and development of tibial dyschondroplasia in broilers Nasir Landy* , Farshid Kheiri, Mostafa Faghani and Ramin Bahadoran Department of Animal Science, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord 8813733395, Iran. *Author for correspondence. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT. This experiment was conducted to examine the effects of 1-α(OH)D3 alone or in combination with different levels of cholecalciferol on performance, and tibia parameters of one-d–old male broilers fed a tibial dyschondroplasia (TD)-inducing diet. A total of three hundred male broilers were randomly allocated to 5 treatment groups with 4 replicates. The dietary treatments consisted of TD inducing diet, TD inducing diet supplemented with 5 μg per kg of 1-α(OH)D3; TD inducing diet supplemented with 5 μg -1 per kg of 1-α(OH)D3 and 1,500; 3,000 or 5,000 IU cholecalciferol kg of diet. At 42 d of age, broiler -1 chickens fed diets containing 1-α(OH)D3 and 1,500 IU cholecalciferol kg of diet had higher body weight (p < 0.05). In the complete experimental period the best FCR and the highest daily weight gain were obtained -1 in broilers supplemented with 1-α(OH)D3 and 1,500 IU cholecalciferol kg of diet. Broilers supplemented -1 with 1-α(OH)D3 and 1,500 IU cholecalciferol kg of diet had significantly lower incidence and severity of TD in comparison with other groups. -
Vitamins in Animal and Human Nutrition
Lee Russell McDowell Vitamins in Animal and Human Nutrition SECOND EDITION Iowa State University Press / Ames VITAMINS IN ANIMAL AND HUMAN NUTRITION Lee Russell McDowell Vitamins in Animal and Human Nutrition SECOND EDITION Iowa State University Press / Ames Lee Russell McDowell, PhD, is a professor of animal science in the Department of Animal Science, University of Florida, Gainesville. His research interests center pri- marily on minerals for grazing livestock, vitamins for livestock, and feed composition. Dr. McDowell also collaborates with numerous animal nutritionists in tropical coun- tries of Latin America, Africa, and Southeast Asia. © 2000 Iowa State University Press; 1989 Academic Press All rights reserved Iowa State University Press 2121 South State Avenue, Ames, Iowa 50014 Orders: 1-800-862-6657 Office: 1-515-292-0140 Fax: 1-515-292-3348 Web site: www.isupress.edu Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or per- sonal use of specific clients, is granted by Iowa State University Press, provided that the base fee of $.10 per copy is paid directly to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. For those organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by CCC, a separate system of payments has been arranged. The fee code for users of the Transactional Reporting Service is 0-8138-2630-6/2000 $.10. Printed on acid-free paper in the United States of America First edition, 1989 (© Academic Press) Second edition, 2000 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data McDowell, L. R. Vitamins in animal and human nutrition/Lee Russell McDowell—2nd ed.