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Vitamin D and Human Health Vitamin D and Human Health Edited by Simon Spedding Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Nutrients www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrients Simon Spedding (Ed.) Vitamin D and Human Health This book is a reprint of papers that appeared in the online open access journal Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643) (available at: http://www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrients). Guest Editor Simon Spedding Nutritional Physiology Research Centre Sansom Institute for Health Research University of South Australia GPO Box 2471, Adelaide South Australia Australia Editorial Office MDPI AG Klybeckstrasse 64 Basel, Switzerland Publisher Shu-Kun Lin Assistant Editor Xiaocen Zhang 1. Edition 2015 MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan ISBN 978-3-03842-057-6 © 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. All articles in this volume are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. However, the dissemination and distribution of copies of this book as a whole is restricted to MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. III Table of Contents List of Contributors ............................................................................................................. IX About the Guest Editor ..................................................................................................... XVI Foreword......................................................................................................................... XVII Preface ............................................................................................................................. XIX Chapter 1: Overview Matthias Wacker and Michael F. Holick Vitamin D — Effects on Skeletal and Extra-skeletal Health and the Need for Supplementation Reprinted from: Nutrients 2013, 5, 111-148 http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/5/1/111 ............................................................................. 3 Chapter 2: Vitamin D Intakes and Serum Levels Paul J. Veugelers and John Paul Ekwaru A Statistical Error in the Estimation of the Recommended Dietary Allowance for Vitamin D Reprinted from: Nutrients 2014, 6, 4472-4475 http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/6/10/4472 ....................................................................... 45 Yi-Sheng Chao, Ludovic Brunel, Peter Faris and Paul J. Veugelers The Importance of Dose, Frequency and Duration of Vitamin D Supplementation for Plasma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Reprinted from: Nutrients 2013, 5(10), 4067-4078 http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/5/10/4067 ....................................................................... 49 IV Fahad Alshahrani and Naji Aljohani Vitamin D: Deficiency, Sufficiency and Toxicity Reprinted from: Nutrients 2013, 5(9), 3605-3616 http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/5/9/3605 ......................................................................... 61 Daniel E. Roth, Abdullah Al Mahmud, Rubhana Raqib, Evana Akhtar, Robert E. Black and Abdullah H. Baqui Pharmacokinetics of High-Dose Weekly Oral Vitamin D3 Supplementation during the Third Trimester of Pregnancy in Dhaka, Bangladesh Reprinted from: Nutrients 2013, 5(3), 788-810 http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/5/3/788 ........................................................................... 73 Chapter 3: Health Impact Simon Spedding, Simon Vanlint, Howard Morris and Robert Scragg Does Vitamin D Sufficiency Equate to a Single Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Level or Are Different Levels Required for Non-Skeletal Diseases? Reprinted from: Nutrients 2013, 5(12), 5127-5139 http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/5/12/5127 ....................................................................... 99 Chapter 4: Neoplastic Disorders Meis Moukayed and William B Grant Molecular Link between Vitamin D and Cancer Prevention Reprinted from: Nutrients 2013, 5(10), 3993-4021 http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/5/10/3993 ..................................................................... 115 Aric C. Hall and Mark B. Juckett The Role of Vitamin D in Hematologic Disease and Stem Cell Transplantation Reprinted from: Nutrients 2013, 5(6), 2206-2221 http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/5/6/2206 ....................................................................... 145 V Lynda Thyer, Emma Ward, Rodney Smith, Maria Giulia Fiore, Stefano Magherini, Jacopo J. V. Branca, Gabriele Morucci, Massimo Gulisano, Marco Ruggiero and Stefania Pacini A Novel Role for a Major Component of the Vitamin D Axis: Vitamin D Binding Protein-Derived Macrophage Activating Factor Induces Human Breast Cancer Cell Apoptosis through Stimulation of Macrophages Reprinted from: Nutrients 2013, 5(7), 2577-2589 http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/5/7/2577 ....................................................................... 161 Chapter 5: Cardiovascular Disorders Patricia G. Weyland, William B. Grant and Jill Howie-Esquivel Does Sufficient Evidence Exist to Support a Causal Association between Vitamin D Status and Cardiovascular Disease Risk? An Assessment Using Hill’s Criteria for Causality Reprinted from: Nutrients 2014, 6, 3403-3430 http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/6/9/3403 ....................................................................... 177 Michelle C. Mann, Derek V. Exner, Brenda R. Hemmelgarn, Darlene Y. Sola, Tanvir C. Turin, Linda Ellis and Sofia B. Ahmed Vitamin D Levels Are Associated with Cardiac Autonomic Activity in Healthy Humans Reprinted from: Nutrients 2013, 5(6), 2114-2127 http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/5/6/2114 ....................................................................... 205 Stefania Pacini, Gabriele Morucci, Jacopo J. V. Branca, Stefano Aterini, Marcello Amato, Massimo Gulisano and Marco Ruggiero Effects of Vitamin D3 and Paricalcitol on Immature Cardiomyocytes: A Novel Role for Vitamin D Analogs in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases Reprinted from: Nutrients 2013, 5(6), 2076-2092 http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/5/6/2076 ....................................................................... 219 Zhao-Min Liu, Jean Woo, Sheng-Hui Wu and Suzanne C. Ho The Role of Vitamin D in Blood Pressure, Endothelial and Renal Function in Postmenopausal Women Reprinted from: Nutrients 2013, 5(7), 2590-2610 http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/5/7/2590 ....................................................................... 235 VI Chapter 6: Metabolic Disorders Jia-Yi Dong, Weiguo Zhang, Jiong Jack Chen, Zeng-Li Zhang, Shu-Fen Han and Li-Qiang Qin Vitamin D Intake and Risk of Type 1 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies Reprinted from: Nutrients 2013, 5(9), 3551-3562 http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/5/9/3551 ....................................................................... 259 Simon Vanlint Vitamin D and Obesity Reprinted from: Nutrients 2013, 5(3), 949-956 http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/5/3/949 ......................................................................... 271 Brian D. Piccolo, Gregory Dolnikowski, Elias Seyoum, Anthony P. Thomas, Erik R. Gertz, Elaine C. Souza, Leslie R. Woodhouse, John W. Newman, Nancy L. Keim, Sean H. Adams and Marta D. Van Loan Association between Subcutaneous White Adipose Tissue and Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D in Overweight and Obese Adults Reprinted from: Nutrients 2013, 5, 3352-3366 http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/5/9/3352 ....................................................................... 278 Chapter 7: Mental Disorders Simon Spedding Vitamin D and Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Comparing Studies with and without Biological Flaws Reprinted from: Nutrients 2014, 6(4), 1501-1518 http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/6/4/1501 ....................................................................... 295 Maria A. Polak, Lisa A. Houghton, Anthony I. Reeder, Michelle J. Harper and Tamlin S. Conner Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations and Depressive Symptoms among Young Adult Men and Women Reprinted from: Nutrients 2014, 6, 4720-4730 http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/6/11/4720 ..................................................................... 312 VII Chapter 8: Sports Medicine Dana Ogan and Kelly Pritchett Vitamin D and the Athlete: Risks, Recommendations, and Benefits Reprinted from: Nutrients 2013, 5(6), 1856-1868 http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/5/6/1856 ....................................................................... 325 Tyler Barker, Vanessa T. Henriksen, Thomas B. Martins, Harry R. Hill, Carl R. Kjeldsberg, Erik D. Schneider, Brian M. Dixon and Lindell K. Weaver Higher Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations Associate with a Faster Recovery of Skeletal Muscle Strength after Muscular Injury Reprinted from: Nutrients 2013, 5(4), 1253-1275 http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/5/4/1253 ....................................................................... 337 Chapter 9: Risk Factors Hassanali Vatanparast, Christine Nisbet and Brian Gushulak Vitamin D Insufficiency and Bone Mineral Status in a Population of Newcomer Children in Canada Reprinted from: Nutrients 2013, 5(5), 1561-1572 http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/5/5/1561 ....................................................................... 363 Billie Bonevski, Jamie Bryant, Sylvie Lambert, Irena Brozek and Vanessa Rock The ABC of Vitamin D: A Qualitative Study of the Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Vitamin D Deficiency amongst Selected Population Groups Reprinted from: Nutrients 2013, 5(3), 915-927 http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/5/3/915 ........................................................................
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