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WHITE PAPER on LAND, INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORT and TOURISM in JAPAN, 2009 Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT)

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WHITE PAPER on LAND, INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORT and TOURISM in JAPAN, 2009 Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) 2009 WHITE PAPER ON LAND, INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORT AND TOURISM IN JAPAN, 2009 Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) Contents Part II Trends in MLIT policies Chapter 1: New MLIT Policies Accommodating the Needs of the Times ................................................................... 1 Chapter 2: Realizing a Tourism Nation and Creating a Beautiful Country ................................................................... 7 Chapter 3: Promoting Regional Revitalization .......................................................................................................... 14 Chapter 4: Forming the comfortable living place ....................................................................................................... 27 Chapter 5: Construction of a Competitive Economic Society ..................................................................................... 36 Chapter 6: Building a Safe and Peaceful Society ....................................................................................................... 57 Chapter 7: Creating and Preserving a Beautiful and Favorable Environment ............................................................. 88 Chapter 8: Strengthening International Cooperation, Contributions and Competitiveness for the Sustainable Development of our Country ........................................................ 110 Chapter 9: Use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and Promotion of Technical Research and Development ....................................................................... 117 Chapter 1: New MLIT Policies Accommodating the Needs of the Times Section 1 – MLIT Policies Accommodating the Needs of the Times 1. Efforts on Development Strategy by MLIT Confronting the anxious factors of the future, such as a declining population, rapid aging with fewer children (low birthrate) and large long-term debt, it is important to utilize outstanding resources, such as talent, technological capability and tourism resources and to improve international competitiveness for Japan to keep building a sustainable country in the future. Therefore, in order to establish a development strategy, the 1st MLIT Development Strategy Conference, which was comprised of experts, was held on 26th October 2009. The studied topics were from 5 areas, 1) Ocean; 2) Tourism; 3) Aviation; 4) International Development/Partnership between citizens and government; 5) Housing/Town. By the end of March 2010, 10 meetings in total were held for the study of development strategy in MLIT. A summary of the suggestions is scheduled towards the end of May of the same year and the budget for strategy implementation will be reflected in the budget request of FY 2011. Moreover, MLIT aims to summarize the opinions regarding the Basic Act on Transportation which prescribes the basic items about traffic – the foundations for supporting development, and related policies, in May ~ June 2010. While carrying on with the preparation for submission of the bill to the ordinary Diet session, MLIT plans to reflect this in the budget request of FY 2011. 2. New Relationship Between the Central and Local Governments In order to realize “Regional Autonomy Reform”, on the important issues directly linked to people’s lives, such as formation of a healthy economic society and region and ensuring safety/security, MLIT is promoting measures that must be taken on a nationwide scale or from a nationwide viewpoint. At the same time, MLIT is also planning to build partnerships with prefectures and municipalities, on the basis of appropriate role sharing between the central and local governments. For instance, in response to the regional actualities with the forecast of increasing disparity in terms of population and financial power, it is necessary to establish a flexible standard (implementation of local rule), which enables appropriate selections. Thus, MLIT is implementing the introduction of “1.5-lane road development1” though it is planning on cost reduction. Furthermore, “Burden Charge Scheme of Direct-Controlled Business” is a system, based on laws and regulations, requesting the benefited regional public organization to bear a certain amount of the expenses of the direct control business. It is because the business’ results relate concretely to the regional public organization; though the direct control business is carried out from the nation’s viewpoint. Starting from FY 2010, based on the “Act on the related Law Preparations for the Abolition of the Burden Charge of Maintenance Management for Prefectures related to National Direct-controlled Business”, the burden charge scheme related to maintenance management was abolished. However, having considered the decrease in business volume, the burden charge, regarding the necessary maintenance management (specified maintenance management which requires immediate action for ensuring security and safety, etc.) expenses for specified business, will still be levied within FY 2010 as an interim measure. Moreover, business management charges such as the personnel cost included in the burden charge of direct control business in addition to the grant administration expenses related to public projects were abolished. Furthermore, starting from FY 2009, the regions have not been requested to bear the burden charge of direct-controlled business including the resignation allowance and the building repair and accommodation charge. 3. Utilizing the Ideas of the Private Sector Under the constraints of a declining population, an aging society with fewer children (low birthrate) and financial deficit, it is necessary to promote the essential infrastructure development with strategic focus, including maintenance management, by utilizing PPP2/PFIs3. In addition, in order to enter the overseas PPP/PFI market, expanded by the construction and transportation industries, it is important to acquire the know-how in our own country first. Therefore, cooperating with the related ministries and government offices, MLIT is carrying out the review of system improvement of a Public Private Partnership/Private Finance Initiative scheme (PPP/PFI) for bettering the partnership between the private sector and the government and active introduction of PPP/PFIs towards MLIT social capital improvement, through discussion in the MLIT Development Strategy Conference. Furthermore, MLIT is implementing regulations from the viewpoint of ensuring citizen’s safety/security in the area of transportation, housing and land. The regulations have been reviewed as necessary, in order to respond precisely to the changes of the socio-economic situation. As for the structural reform special region, a total of 20 exceptional measures were set up and around 200 special regions were authorized throughout the country as of the end of March 2010. Moreover, on the basis of achievements in special regions, MLIT carried out regulation reform on a nationwide scale on about 14 exceptional measures, such as enlargement of vehicles for the charged transportation of NPO volunteer transportation. 1 For the purpose of early actualization of development effects, the Road Construction Order is applied flexibly according to regional actualities; it is not intended to develop double-lanes for all roads but is a development technique of combining single-lane and turnout construction. 2 Public Private Partnership 3 Private Finance Initiative 1 Section 2 – Formulating and Promoting the Future Vision of National Land and Social Capital 1. Promotion of National Land Policy According to the policy guidelines of comprehensive national development, a comprehensive national land policy is being pushed forward, based on the Plan on National Land Development (nationwide plan) that carries the new national image of “building the nation and enabling the independent development of diversified regions as well as beautiful and comfortable living environments”; and the Plan on the Use of National Land (nationwide plan) that uses the “Sustainable National Management” as the basic policy. 1) Formulation and promotion of the wide-area region project The wide-area region project, as a project that embodies the new national land image shown in the national land formation project and summarizes the regional strategies and specific efforts of each wide-area block from Tohoku to Kyushu, was decided by the Minister of MLIT in August 2009 after the discussion in the Regional Plan Council, formed with national local branches, regional public organizations and economic organizations. On the basis of this, numerous prefectures are cooperating to prepare a mechanism to support the basic infrastructure and soft measures necessary for promoting wide-area tourism invigoration and industry vitalization. 2) Efforts towards the village issue For regions that are unfavorable for living and production, such as mid-level mountain areas, while there are villages facing problems related to subsistence due to the marked progress of population decline and the aging problem, there are also many citizens who wish to be living there continuously. Therefore, it is a pressing issue to ensure the living safety/security of the people who are now living in those regions. For this problem, it is necessary to (a) ensure basic services for living such as medical care and shopping; (b) sustain livelihood with several additional small-income jobs; (c) implement appropriate measures towards the management of abandoned lands. To realize these, it is important to “prepare the activity
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