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Navigating Conflicts Between Religious and Professional Values: Psychologists' Experiences Michael Ray Williams Brigham Young University

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Navigating Conflicts Between Religious and Professional Values: Psychologists' Experiences Michael Ray Williams Brigham Young University Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive All Theses and Dissertations 2018-07-01 Navigating Conflicts Between Religious and Professional Values: Psychologists' Experiences Michael Ray Williams Brigham Young University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd Part of the Counseling Psychology Commons BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Williams, Michael Ray, "Navigating Conflicts Between Religious and Professional Values: Psychologists' Experiences" (2018). All Theses and Dissertations. 6933. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6933 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Navigating Conflicts Between Religious and Professional Values: Psychologists’ Experiences Michael Ray Williams A dissertation submitted to the faculty of Brigham Young University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Aaron P. Jackson, Chair P. Scott Richards Derek Griner Lane Fischer Vaughn E. Worthen Department of Counseling Psychology and Special Education Brigham Young University Copyright © 2018 Michael Ray Williams All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT Navigating Conflicts Between Religious and Professional Values: Psychologists’ Experiences Michael Ray Williams Department of Counseling Psychology and Special Education, BYU Doctor of Philosophy The issue of psychotherapists’ values in psychotherapy has become increasingly challenging as philosophers have questioned the viability of concepts such as objectivity and relativism. Historically, psychotherapists have relied on notions such as bracketing or suspending their own values to avoid the moral and ethical implications that such values might be active in psychotherapy. Acknowledging that psychotherapists’ values are active in psychotherapy raises a host of important issues, including how to appropriately navigate value conflicts. This study explored the experience of psychotherapists as they navigate conflicts between their religious and professional values. Qualitative interviews with eight religiously committed psychologists were transcribed and analyzed using Collaborative Hermeneutic Interpretation. Major themes and findings include: the possibility that one can be a religiously committed psychologist; that research topics are informed by religious values; the strengthening of personal values through conflict; there are a variety of values gained from religious affiliation; feeling out of place in religious and professional communities; having religious and philosophical issues broadened and deepened in complexity; knowing when to defend values and worldview; having quality research and reputation as a defense; and positive and negative experiences with supervisors. Participants also discussed what was helpful in preparing them for value conflicts and the preparation they wished they would have received. The findings in this study emphasize the importance of the supervisory relationship and the impact that supervisors can have on trainees as they work through value conflicts. Training programs are also recommended to provide trainees guidance that will help prepare them to navigate potential value conflicts over the course of their professional development. Keywords: religion, values, value conflict, psychologist, hermeneutics ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I want to express my deepest appreciation and admiration to all those who have patiently supported me throughout my graduate training. Thank you to each of my committee members: Aaron P. Jackson, P. Scott Richards, Derek Griner, Lane Fischer, and Vaughn E. Worthen. Your support and encouraging feedback have helped immensely throughout my professional development. Thank you, Aaron, for your consistency and understanding as I tried to find balance in the various roles I have juggled over the past few years. I want to also recognize Robert Gleave and thank you for your mentorship and the lessons you taught me as well, in spite of increasing hardship. I also want to express my appreciation and love to my family and the years of patience and sacrifice you have endured during these formative years. Mikayla, Caleb, Cambria, Cohen, and Claire, thank you for being my motivation and inspiration to perform as best as I can. Melissa, I could not have wished for a better partner to make this journey with. Without you, none of this would have been possible. Thank you to my parents for your support and for instilling the values and love of learning in me through your examples. Thank you to countless other friends and family for your kindness and love over the years. Thank you to those who participated in this study. Thank you for sharing your experiences, your narratives, and your courage as you live your values. Finally, I want to thank my Heavenly Father for the grace and mercy shown to me and my family as we have gone through this journey of faith. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................... iv DESCRIPTION OF DISSERTATION STRUCTURE AND CONTENT ..................................... v Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Purpose of the Study ................................................................................................................... 3 Method ............................................................................................................................................ 4 Investigator Assumptions............................................................................................................ 4 Procedure .................................................................................................................................... 5 Data Analysis .............................................................................................................................. 6 Participants .................................................................................................................................. 8 Trustworthiness ......................................................................................................................... 11 Results ........................................................................................................................................... 12 Being a Religiously Committed Psychologist is Possible ........................................................ 12 Research is Informed by Religious Values ............................................................................... 14 Strengthening of Values ............................................................................................................ 15 A Variety of Guiding Values Gained from Religious Affiliation............................................. 16 Feeling Out of Place.................................................................................................................. 17 Religious Values and Philosophical Perspectives Broadened and Deepened in Complexity .. 19 Picking Your Battles in Defending a Religious Worldview ..................................................... 20 Having Quality Research and Reputation as a Defense ............................................................ 22 Negative Experiences with Supervisors .................................................................................... 23 Positive Experiences with Supervisors During Training .......................................................... 24 Preparing to Navigate Through Conflicts ................................................................................. 26 Training That Was Missing ...................................................................................................... 28 Discussion ..................................................................................................................................... 30 Limitations ................................................................................................................................ 41 Recommendations ..................................................................................................................... 42 References ..................................................................................................................................... 45 APPENDIX A: Review of Literature ........................................................................................... 51 APPENDIX B: Guiding Questions ............................................................................................... 66 APPENDIX C: Demographics Survey ......................................................................................... 68 APPENDIX D: Recruitment Letter .............................................................................................. 69 DISSERTATION REFERENCES ................................................................................................ 70 v DESCRIPTION OF
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