Verzoek Ik U Beleefd Mij Weer Als Nederlander Op Te Nemen...”

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Verzoek Ik U Beleefd Mij Weer Als Nederlander Op Te Nemen...” Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen Faculteit der Letteren “ ...verzoek ik U beleefd mij weer als Nederlander op te nemen...” Nederlanders bij de Organisation Todt (1940-1945) en het verlies van staatsburgerschap Scriptiebegeleider: Dr. J. Geurts 31 augustus 2006 Julia Mattern Duitsland-Nederlandstudies Studentnummer: 9704574 [email protected] The past is never dead. It’s not even past. Wiliam Faulkner, 1951 2 Inhoudsopgave 0 INLEIDING ...................................................................................................................... 5 0.1 VRAAGSTELLING......................................................................................................... 6 0.2 LITERATUUR EN INDELING........................................................................................... 7 0.3 DANK .......................................................................................................................... 8 1 HET NEDERLANDSE ARBEIDS- EN WERKLOZENBELEID (1929-1945).......... 9 1.1 INLEIDING ................................................................................................................... 9 1.2 LITERATUUR ............................................................................................................. 10 1.3 HET NEDERLANDSE ARBEIDS- EN WERKLOZENBELEID VANAF 1929 TOT MEI 1940... 11 1.3.1 Inleiding ........................................................................................................... 11 1.3.2 Het werklozenbeleid ......................................................................................... 11 1.3.3 Werken in Duitsland......................................................................................... 12 1.3.4 Kritiek............................................................................................................... 15 1.4 HET ARBEIDS- EN WERKLOZENBELEID IN NEDERLAND VAN MEI 1940 TOT MAART 1942.......................................................................................................................... 16 1.4.1 De secretarissen-generaal................................................................................ 16 1.4.2 Het arbeids- en werklozenbeleid...................................................................... 18 1.5 DE ‘ARBEITSEINSATZ’: MAART 1942 TOT EINDE VAN DE BEZETTING ........................ 22 1.5.1 Verordening VO42/41 ...................................................................................... 22 1.5.2 De uitkamacties................................................................................................ 24 1.5.3 De jaarklassenactie.......................................................................................... 26 1.5.4 Organisation Todt ............................................................................................ 27 1.5.5 Het ‘Zurückstellungsverfahren’ ....................................................................... 27 1.5.6 De razzia’s........................................................................................................ 29 1.6 SLOTBESCHOUWING .................................................................................................. 29 2 DE ORGANISATION TODT ....................................................................................... 31 2.1 INLEIDING ................................................................................................................. 31 2.1.1 Politieke voorgeschiedenis............................................................................... 31 2.1.2 Korte definitie................................................................................................... 32 2.2 LITERATUUR ............................................................................................................. 32 2.3 TOTSTANDKOMING VAN DE OT................................................................................. 34 2.3.1 Westwall ........................................................................................................... 34 2.3.2 Begin Tweede Wereldoorlog ............................................................................ 35 2.4 DE OT IN NEDERLAND.............................................................................................. 36 2.4.1 Werkvelden....................................................................................................... 36 2.4.2 Werknemers...................................................................................................... 42 2.5 SLOTBESCHOUWING .................................................................................................. 45 3 3 HET VERLIES VAN STAATSBURGERSCHAP...................................................... 47 3.1 INLEIDING ................................................................................................................. 47 3.2 LITERATUUR ............................................................................................................. 49 3.3 DE WETGEVING ......................................................................................................... 51 3.3.1 Vreemde staats- of krijgsdienst ........................................................................ 51 3.3.2 Voorwaarden voor verlies staatsburgerschap ................................................. 52 3.3.3 De echtgenotes ................................................................................................. 53 3.3.4 Tribunaalbesluit en Führererlass..................................................................... 54 3.4 DE OUD-SPANJESTRIJDERS ........................................................................................ 55 3.4.1 Oud-Spanjestrijders over verlies van staatsburgerschap ................................ 56 3.5 EXCURSIE: DE BIJZONDERE RECHTSPLEGING NA DE BEZETTING............................... 57 3.6 VERLIES VAN STAATSBURGERSCHAP NA DE TWEEDE WERELDOORLOG .................... 58 3.6.1 Inleiding ........................................................................................................... 58 3.6.2 Aantal statenlozen ............................................................................................ 59 3.6.3 Straf of niet?..................................................................................................... 62 3.6.4 Een actuele vergelijking................................................................................... 63 3.6.5 De wet van 1953............................................................................................... 65 3.7 SLOTBESCHOUWING .................................................................................................. 67 4 ZES OT-ARBEIDERS IN BEROEP TEGEN HUN VERLIES VAN STAATSBURGERSCHAP............................................................................................ 69 4.1 INLEIDING ................................................................................................................. 69 4.2 OT-ARBEIDERS EN DE BIJZONDERE RECHTSPLEGING ................................................ 70 4.3 DE CIRCULAIRE VAN BINNENLANDSE ZAKEN............................................................ 71 4.4 AAD AALBERS UIT OLST ........................................................................................... 72 4.5 BART BAAK UIT PURMEREND.................................................................................... 76 4.6 CEES CALEN UIT DEN HAAG ..................................................................................... 78 4.7 DIRK DAAL EN ERIK EBBEN UIT ROSSUM.................................................................. 81 4.8 FRANS FAABER UIT VEENENDAAL............................................................................. 83 4.9 SLOTBESCHOUWING .................................................................................................. 88 5 SLOTBESCHOUWING ................................................................................................ 91 4 0 Inleiding Tijdens het schrijven van deze scriptie werd ik vaak met verbazing gevraagd, hoe ik toch op juist dit onderwerp ben gekomen. Dit kwam zo: bij het lezen van de ‘autobiografische schets’ van dominee Bé Ruys, gepubliceerd naar aanleiding van haar 80e verjaardag, struikelde ik over een passage in haar boek. Bé Ruys was vanaf 1949 dominee van de Nederlandse Gemeente in Berlijn. Een groot deel van de kerkgemeente bestond, vooral in het begin, uit voormalige Nederlandse dwangarbeiders. Over deze beginperiode van haar gemeente schrijft zij o.a.: ‚Die holländische Regierung entnazifizierte sehr streng, das aber bedeutete für manche der ehemaligen Zwangsarbeiter die Aberkennung der niederländischen Staatsbürgerschaft. Begründet wurde dies, sie hätten als niederländische Zwangsarbeiter in der paramilitärischen ‘Organisation Todt’ gearbeitet, die militärische Objekte, Strassen und Befestigungsanlagen – wie den Atlantikwall – in Deutschland und in den von den Deutschen besetzten Gebieten gebaut hat. Dies galt der niederländischen Regierung als Teilnahme an ‘fremdem Kriegsdienst’. (...) Ich fand diese Entscheidung ‘blöd’, denn Zwangsarbeiter konnten es sich wohl kaum aussuchen, wohin sie geschickt wurden.’1 Voormalige dwangarbeiders die hun staatsburgerschap verloren, en een nazibouworganisatie, waarvan ik nog nooit had gehoord of gelezen – mijn interesse was gewekt. In de catalogus van de bibliotheek van de Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen zijn onder het trefwoord Tweede Wereldoorlog meer dan 1.800 titels verzameld, waarvan er meer dan 1.100 titels Nederlandstalig zijn. De
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