DOCSLIB.ORG

Bulletin1461951smit.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Bulletin1461951smit.Pdf SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 146 CHIPPEWA CHII.D LIFE AND ITS CULTURAL CKGROUND By SISTER M. rr XGER ^5>K \- C.Z SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION ^^^ : BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 146 CHIPPEWA CHILD LIFE AND ITS CULTURAL BACKGROUND SISTER M. itez HILGER UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1951 For sale by the Superintendent of Documente, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. - Price 75 cents LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL Smithsonian Institution, BuKEAU OF American Ethnology, Washington, D. C, April 15, 1950. Sir : I have the honor to transmit herewith a manuscript entitled "Chippewa Child Life and Its Cultural Background," by Sister M. Inez Hilger, and to recommend that it be published as a bulletin of the Bureau of American Ethnology. Very respectfully yours, M. W. Stirling, Direotor. Dr. Alexander Wetmore, Secretary, Smithsonia/n Institution. CONTENTS Page Preface ix Informants and interpreters xiii Introduction: the Chippewa Indians. 1 Prenatal period 2 Parental factors 2 Conception 4 Period of gestation 4 Effect of mother's pregnancy on youngest child 6 Food taboos and prescriptions 6 Conduct taboos and prescriptions 8 Abortions 10 Birth 12 Place of birth 12 Persons assisting at birth 12 Position of mother during delivery 13 Aids at childbirth 15 The navel cord 16 The caul 17 The fontanels 18 The placenta 18 The baby's first bath 18 Purification of mother 19 Announcement of birth and ceremonial celebration 19 Postnatal interests 20 Nose rings and earrings 20 Cradles, diapers, "talcum powder," baby hammocks, and method of transporting baby 21 Lullabies , 25 A child's first clothes 26 A child's first actions, first word, first step, first portage, and first tooth. 27 Nursing and weaning 28 Nursing 28 Weaning 29 Atypical conditions 30 Twins and triplets 30 Sick babies 31 Deformed babies 32 Incest 32 Illegitimacy 32 Slaves, servants, and adopted persons 33 Naming the child 35 Various names 35 Origin of names 35 The namesake 37 Ceremonial 38 III IV CONTENTS Page Prepuberty fasts 39 Age of boy and girl 39 Selection of fasters 39 Significant dreams 40 Manner of fasting 40 Purpose of fasting 44 Personal accounts of dreams 47 Puberty customs 49 Boys' puberty customs 49 Girls' puberty rite 50 Training children 55 Type of education 55 Methods 55 Instructors 56 Time of instructions 57 Reward and punishment 58 Discovering righteous children 59 Religion and supernatural powers 60 The Supreme Being 60 Minor deities 60 Tobacco as a ceremonial offering 62 The Mide'wiwin 63 "Grand medicine," or powers of members of the Mide'wiwin 71 "Tipi shaking" 75 Belief in life after death 78 Life after death 78 Death 78 Interment 80 Graves 82 Ofiferings for the dead (cibenaki'win) 83 Burials 84 Mourning 86 Health measures 87 Shamanistic powers 88 Herbs, roots, bark 90 Tattooing (aja'sowin) 93 Bloodletting (pa'paicoang) 95 Sweating 96 Preventive measures 96 Moral training 97 Kindness 97 Stealing 98 Lying and boasting 99 Talebearing 99 Quarreling 99 Intoxicants, suicide, cannibalism, revenge 101 Mental training 102 Counting time 102 Linear measurements and counting numbers 103 Directions 105 Interpretation of natural phenomena 106 Language 107 CONTENTS V Page Diversions 109 Children's play 109 Games and gambling 110 Dances 112 Visiting 114 Vocational training and domestic economy 115 Canoe making 115 Snowshoes and toboggans 117 Bows and arrows . 118 Hunting 119 Fishing . 125 Clothing-_ 129 Birchbark containers and bulrush mats 133 Dwellings 137 Fuel, fireplaces, and lighting 141 Gardening 144 Food: preparation and storage 144 Bands, chiefs, and councils 150 Marriage customs 153 Gentes 153 Courting 156 Marriage 158 Love charms 160 Polygamy . 161 Successive marriages 161 Separations 162 Infidelity 162 Summary 162 List of some plants used by the Chippewa 173 Bibliography 173 Index 189 ILLUSTKATIONS ^ PLATES (All plates facing page 188) 1. Informants, Red Lake Reservation, 1933. 1, John Baptist Thunder and daughter Jane Bonga. 2, Charley Johnson. 3, Angeline Highlanding. 4, Ella Badboy. 2. Mothers carrying babies in cradleboard. 1, Mrs. Howard Pete, Vermilion Lake Reservation, 1939. 2, Woman in Ponemah village, Red Lake Reser- vation, 1933. 3, Baby ready for cradleboard, Mille Lacs Reservation, 1940. 3. Mildred Hill putting son Jimmy to sleep in a hammock, Mille Lacs Reserva- tion, 1940. 1 and 2, Preparing hammock. 3, Baby asleep in hammock. Notice netting over hoop as a protection against flies and insects. 4, Baby after its nap. Notice stick holding ropes apart at head end. 4. Mille Lacs Reservation baby transported on mother's back, 1940. 1, Swinging to mother's back. 2, Carrying baby on back. 3, Dropping baby off back. 5. Chippewa children. 1 and 2, White Earth Reservation, 1938. 3, Red Lake Reservation, 1933. 6. Mide'wiwin celebration, White Earth Reservation, 1938. 1, Man and woman dancing. 2, Old people resting between dances. 7. Chippewa burials. 1, Burials near home, Red Lake Reservation, 1933. 2, Mide'wiwin cemetery, White Earth Reservation, 1938. 3, Mide'wiwin cemetery, Lac Courte Orielle Reservation, 1935. 8. Chippewa burials. 1, Grave with cloth covering. Red Lake Reservation, 1933. 2, Burials near home, Lac du Flambeau Reservation, 1935. 9. Burials, Mille Lacs Reservation, 1940. 1, Cemetery. 2, Birchbark covering. 3, Notice small platform. 4, Birchbark covering weighted down with stones. Notice do'dam marker in foreground to right. 10. Children enjoying recreation of the traditional type. 1, Rabbit dance. White Earth Reservation, 1938. 2, Side dance, White Earth Reservation, 1938. 3, Squaw dance. White Earth Reservation, 1938. 4, Moccasin game, Ver- milion Lake Reservation, 1939. 11. Pow-wow participants, Red Lake Reservation, 1933. 1, Wife of Amos Big Bird. 2, Amos Big Bird. 12. Dance hall, Red Lake Reservation, 1933. 1, Interior. 2, Exterior. 13. Making birchbark canoe, Mille Lacs Reservation, 1940. 1, Boiling spruce resin for mending cracks in birchbark. 2, Frying boiled spruce resin mixed with charcoal in grease. 3, Split roots of spruce used in sewing. 4, Pre- paring ground by leveling it. 14. Making birchbark canoe, Mille Lacs Reservation, 1940 (continued). 1, Plac- ing birchbark. 2, Shaping canoe by means of poles and framework for bow or stern. 3, Placing bark into position by means of second set of poles. 15. Making birchbark canoe, Mille Lacs Reservation, 1940 (continued). 1, Framework for either bow or stern. 2, Binding edges with split roots of spruce. 16. Making birchbark canoe, Mille Lacs Reservation, 1940 (continued). 1, Canoe ready for gunwales, ribs, flooring, and binding of edges. 2, Filling cracks in bark with pitch. 3, Placing ribs and flooring. vn Vni ILLUSTRATIONS I 17. Making birchbark canoe, Mille Lacs Reservation, 1940 (continued). 1, Canoe ready for use. 2, Transporting canoe. 3, Canoe on exhibition at Mille Lacs Indian Trading Post, Onamia, Minn. 18. Man's snowshoes collected on Lac Courte Orielle Reservation, 1935. 19. Josephine Gurneau making cord of basswood fiber. Red Lake Reservation, 1933. 1, Rolling strands of basswood fiber. 2, Softening strands by moistening. 20. Fishing. 1, Fish nets being hung to dry, Red Lake Reservation, 1933. 2, Shuttle and sample of fish net made on Red Lake Reservation, 1933. 21. Fishing. 1, A haul of fish. Red Lake Reservation, 1932. 2, Fish nets drying, L'Anse Reservation, 1935. 22. Emma Martin tanning deer hide, Lac Courte Orielle Reservation, 1935. 1, Wringing hide after soaking. 2, Last wringing of hide. 3, Second scrap- ing of hide. 4, Stretching hide. 23. Emma Martin tanning deer hide, Lac Courte Orielle Reservation, 1935 (con- tinued). 1, Hide stretched for final scraping. 2, Final scraping of hide. 3, Smoking hide. 24. Birchbark receptacles. 1, Anna Knott making wild-rice winnowing trays and teaching daughter to make them, Vermilion Lake Reservation, 1939. 2, Nonleakable birchbark receptacles, Red Lake Reservation, August 1933. 3, a, Work basket ; &, makok' ; c, winnowing basket. 25. Mary Gurneau making nonleakable birchbark receptacle, Red Lake Reserva- tion, August 1932. 1, Holding bark over fire. 2, Fastening folded end. 3, Folding opposite end. 4, Completed receptacle. 26. Wigwams. 1, Mishiman and wife and their wigwam covered with birch- bark and bulrush mats, Lac Courte Orielle Reservation, 1935. 2, Wigwam entirely covered with bark. Red Lake Reservation, 1932. 27. Wigwams. 1, White Earth Reservation, 1938. 2, Lac du Flambeau Reserva- tion, 1935. 3, Lac du Flambeau Reservation, 1922. 28. Wigwams, Mille Lacs Reservation, 1940. 1, Coverings of cattail mats, tar paper, and flattened cardboard boxes. 2, Wigwam frame. 3, Coverings of cattail mats and birchbark. 4, Coverings of elm bark and birchbark. 29. Tipi. Women packing wood. Red Lake Reservation. 1, Tipi covered with birchbark—entrance view, Mille Lacs Reservation, 1940. 2, Same as 1; rear view. 3, Nancy Cain, 1939. 4, Mrs. Peter Everywind, 1932. 30. Fireplaces. Collecting herbs. 1, Mabel Daisy, Red Lake Reservation, 1932. 2, Red Lake Reservation, 1933. 3, Gathering medicinal herbs, roots, and bark, Lac Courte Orielle Reservation, 1935. 31. Fireplaces. 1 and 2, Lac du Flambeau Reservation, 1935 and 1934. 3, Mille Lacs Reservation, 1940. FIGURES Page 1. Map of the Chippewa (Ojibwa) reservations xvm PREFACE The purpose of this study is to record the customs and beliefs of the primitive Chippewa Indians of the United States as evidenced in the development and training of the child. Childhood among the pri- mitive Chippewa began with birth and ended with puberty. It was divided into two periods. The period from birth to the event of walking was called dakabi'naaswan; the period from the event of walking to puberty, abanod'ji. From the event of walking to puberty, a boy was called kwiwi'sens ; a girl, ekwe'sens. A child's age was not counted by years. Before it reached the dawn of reason, it might be described as having been "just old enough to remember," or "before it had any sense." Children between the age of reason and puberty were designated as having been "so high"—a gesture of the hand indicating the height.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Radford's Cyclopedia of Construction; Carpentry, Building and Architecture
    1 Presented to the LIBRARY of the ^ UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO by MR. <ScMR3. J.C. MOORE Radford's Cyclopedia of Construction Carpentry, Building and Architecture A General Reference Work on MODERN BUILDING MATERIALS AND METHODS AND THEIR PRACTICAL AP' PLICATION TO ALL FORMS OF CONSTRUCTION IN WOOD, STONE. BRICK. STEEL, AND CONCRETE; INCLUDING ALSO SUCH ALLIED BRANCHES OF THE STRUCTURAL FIELD AS HEATING AND VENTILATING, PLUMBING, ELECTRIC WIRING, PAINTING, CONTRACTS, SPECI- FICATIONS, ESTIMATING, STRUCTURAL DRAFTING, ETC. Based on th". Practical Experience of a LARGE STAFF OF EXPERTS IN ACTUAL CONSTRUCTION WORK Illustrated TWELVE VOLUMES THE RADFORD ARCHITECTURAL COMPANY CHICAGO, ILL. Copyright, 1909 BY THE KADFOKD AKCHITECTUKAL COMPAN-S Radford's Cyclopedia of Construction Prepared under the Supervision of WILLIAM A. RADFORD Editor-in-Chief President of the Radford Architectural Company, Chicago, III. Editor-in-Chief of the "American Carpenter and Builder" and the "Cement World" ALFRED SIDNEY JOHNSON, A. M., Ph. D. Editor in Charge Author of "The Materials and Manufacture of Concrete," etc. Formerly Editor of "Cuncnt History." Associate Editor of Numerous Standard Works of Reference Partial List of Authors and Collaborators JOHN P. BROOKS, M. S. Associate Professor of Civil Engineering, and Acting Head of Department of Civil Engineering, University of Illinois FRANK O. DUFOUR, C. E. Assistant Professor of Structural Engineering, University of IlUn- nois Author of "Bridge Engineering," "Roof Trusses," etc. DAVID P. MORETON, B. S. Associate Professor of Electrical Engineering, Armour Institute of Technology ALFRED G. KING Consulting Engineer on Heating and Ventilating Author of "Practical Steam and Hot-Water Heating and Ventila- tion," "Steam and Hot-Water Heating Charts," "Practical Heating Illustrated," etc.
    [Show full text]
  • University Microfilms International 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 USA St
    INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand marking: or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again — beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation.
    [Show full text]
  • 18Th Annual Eastern Conference of the Timber Framers Guild
    Timber Framers Guild 18th Annual Eastern Conference November 14–17, 2002, Burlington, Vermont The Timber Framer’s Panel Company www.foardpanel.com P.O. Box 185, West Chesterfield, NH 03466 ● 603-256-8800 ● [email protected] Contents FRANK BAKER Healthy Businesses. 3 BRUCE BEEKEN Furniture from the Forest . 4 BEN BRUNGRABER AND GRIGG MULLEN Engineering Day to Day ENGINEERING TRACK . 6 BEN BRUNGRABER AND DICK SCHMIDT Codes: the Practical and the Possible ENGINEERING TRACK . 8 RUDY CHRISTIAN Understanding and Using Square Rule Layout WORKSHOP . 13 RICHARD CORMIER Chip Carving PRE-CONFERENCE WORKSHOP . 14 DAVID FISCHETTI AND ED LEVIN Historical Forms ENGINEERING TRACK . 15 ANDERS FROSTRUP Is Big Best or Beautiful? . 19 ANDERS FROSTRUP Stave Churches . 21 SIMON GNEHM The Swiss Carpenter Apprenticeship . 22 JOE HOWARD Radio Frequency Vacuum Drying of Large Timber: an Overview . 24 JOSH JACKSON Plumb Line and Bubble Scribing DEMONSTRATION . 26 LES JOZSA Wood Morphology Related to Log Quality. 28 MICHELLE KANTOR Construction Law and Contract Management: Know your Risks. 30 WITOLD KARWOWSKI Annihilated Heritage . 31 STEVE LAWRENCE, GORDON MACDONALD, AND JAIME WARD Penguins in Bondage DEMO 33 ED LEVIN AND DICK SCHMIDT Pity the Poor Rafter Pair ENGINEERING TRACK . 35 MATTHYS LEVY Why Buildings Don’t Fall Down FEATURED SPEAKER . 37 JAN LEWANDOSKI Vernacular Wooden Roof Trusses: Form and Repair . 38 GORDON MACDONALD Building a Ballista for the BBC . 39 CURTIS MILTON ET AL Math Wizards OPEN ASSISTANCE . 40 HARRELSON STANLEY Efficient Tool Sharpening for Professionals DEMONSTRATION . 42 THOMAS VISSER Historic Barns: Preserving a Threatened Heritage FEATURED SPEAKER . 44 Cover illustration of the Norwell Crane by Barbara Cahill.
    [Show full text]
  • Abana Controlled Hand Forging Study Guide As Paginated by the Guild of Metalsmiths - Abana Chapter - Jan 2020 Index
    ABANA CONTROLLED HAND FORGING STUDY GUIDE AS PAGINATED BY THE GUILD OF METALSMITHS - ABANA CHAPTER - JAN 2020 INDEX Lesson Number Number Description of Pages Credits (click on box) L 1.01 Drawing Out: Draw a sharp point on a 1/2" square bar 3 Peter Ross and Doug Wilson L 2.01 Hot Punching: Create holes or recesses in bars or plate by driving 2 By Doug Wilson Illustrations by Tom Latané punches into or through hot material. L 3.01 Drawing Out a Round Taper 3 By Jay Close Illustrations by Tom Latané L 4.01 Bending Bar Stock 5 By Jay Close Illustrations by Tom Latané L 5.01 Twisting a Square Bar 4 By Bob Fredell Illustrations by Tom Latané L 6.01 Drawing , Punching, and Bending 4 By Peter Ross Illustrations by Tom Latané L 7.01 Upsetting a Square Bar 3 By Peter Ross Illustrations by Tom Latané L 8.01 Slitting and Drifting Two Mortises or Slots in a Square Sectioned Bar 5 By Jay Close llustrations by Doug Wilson, photos by Jay Close L 9.01 Mortise and Tenon Joinery 3 Text and Illustrations by Doug Wilson L 10.01 Forge Welding 6 By Dan Nauman Illustrations by Tom Latané Photos by Dan Nauman L 11.01 Drawing Down - Part One 6 by Jay Close Illustrations by Tom Latané, photos by Jay Close and Jane Gulden L 11.07 Drawing Down - Part Two 6 by Jay Close Illustrations by Tom Latané, photos by Jay Close and Jane Gulden L 12.01 Forging a Shoulder 4 by Bob Fredell Illustrations by Tom Latané L 13.01 Cutting a Bar 2 by Dan Nauman Illustrations by Doug Wilson L 14.01 Forging a 90-degree Corner 3 Text and Photos by Dan Nauman L 15.01 Forge an Eye on the
    [Show full text]
  • BEGINNING WOODWORK at HOME and in SCHOOL —«V— Cumroh Uuloon Van Dcomm Class / / L^J
    ^ T T BEGINNING WOODWORK AT HOME AND IN SCHOOL —«v— cumroH uuLooN van dcomm Class / / L^J, Copyright N''- COPyKIGIlT DEPOSIT. m o BEGINNING WOODWORK At H o !•; and In S c h o i. Bv Clinton Sheldon Van Deusen, M. E. Initnicior in Mjnual Arts, Bradley Holytrchnic Inilitutc. Illuitiatcd iv Edwin Victor Lawrence, Inilruclor in Drawing, I'nivcrlit)- of lllinoii. The Manual Arts Prhss Peoria, Illinois <b ^ \ UBRARYofMMRESS A' Two eoBies Received FEB 14 1907 ^ C»pyrtEttt EntFV AaSS /( XX/..N*, COf-Y B. / COPVRJGHT The Manual Arts Press 1907 <]-%^'^0 FOREWORD This book is intended as a definite statement of steps that may be followed by a beginner in learning the fundamental principles of woodworking. Instead of giving a general discussion of wood- working processes, the book describes and illustrates principles by means of specific examples. The experience gained in doing these problems should enable one to master a large number of others of which these stand as types. It is believed that this method of treatment of the subject of woodworking will prove helpful in both school and home work. Clinton S. Van Deusen. CONTENTS PAGE Chapter I —Introduction 7 Dealing with the equipment, the care of the shop, the tools and materials, and a discussion of the principles of working drawings. Chapter II —Laying Out and Sawing 15 Detailed statement of the steps to bo followed in making a game board, with suggestions for making similar pieces. Chapter III —Planing 25 Steps to be followed in making a swing board, witli special thought as to the development of freedom in hamlling the plane.
    [Show full text]
  • My Little Boy the Library of the University of California Los Angeles
    MY LITTLE BOY THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES MY LITTLE BOY BOOKS BY THE SAME AUTHOR PUBLISHED BY CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS THE SPIDER AND OTHER TALES net, $1.00 TWO-LEGS net, $1.00 MY LITTLE BOY net, $1.00 MY LITTLE BOY BY CARL EWALD TRANSLATED FROM THE DANISH BY ALEXANDER TEIXEIRA DE MATTOS CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS NEW YORK ::::::: 1915 Copyright, 1906, by Charles Scribner's Sons Sole Authorized Translation Published, April, 1906 TRANSLATOR'S NOTE CARL EWALD, the author of this little book, was born in 1856 in the Duchy of Schleswig, where his father, himself a writer of historical and other novels, all widely read in their time, followed the occupation of a land-sur- veyor and owned a small farm. After the iniquitous war of 1864, when Schleswig was surrendered to Germany, the Ewald family refused to accept Prussian nationality and left for Elsinore, in Denmark, whence they eventually moved to settle at Copenhagen. The son studied at the University, was for some years a forester and afterwards a school- master. His first productions in literature were a long series of fairy-tales: Two-Legs, which the present publishers will issue after this volume, The Quiet Pool, The Four Sea- sons, and many others, which will now appear in their English version in rapid succession. Then came My Little Boy and a number of I TRANSLATOR'S NOTE psychological, half-mystical stories, such as Pastor Jepsen's Christmas Eve and The Old Room, of which an English translation is also to be published shortly.
    [Show full text]
  • Practical Stanley1.4.Indd
    SHOP PLANE AND SIMPLE There’s just nothing better than finding a bargain tool at a flea market or antique mall – unless it’s restoring that old piece of iron to perfect working condition. Using the classic Stanley No. 4 bench plane as an example, here are some easy steps to plane restoration that can be applied to almost any hand plane you find. By Kerry Pierce WITH THE EXCEPTION OF ONE STANLEY BLOCK PLANE, every woodworking plane I own came from a flea market (or from eBay, the “digital flea market”). Most were rescued from a table or box piled high with moldering woodworking tools. Unfortunately, this is the fate for which many woodworking planes are destined. Not because they aren’t useful tools – on the contrary, planes are eminently useful, and when properly tuned offer some of the most sublimely satisfying work- shop experiences. Instead, these tools are relegated to the discard bin because they can be difficult to use, even for otherwise accomplished craftsmen. A hand saw, by contrast, can be made to work right out of the box, by even a beginning wood- worker; the same is true of most typical shop tools. Experience always leads to better results, but most tools perform their designated tasks even in inexperienced and unskilled hands. PRACTICAL Woodworking planes, however, are more challenging for the uninitiated to operate. In order to make shavings, the plane iron must be sharp, correctly bedded, and set at the right depth. Further, the plane itself must be moved across the workpiece in the correct manner.
    [Show full text]
  • Spinning Yarns, Telling Tales About Textiles
    News for Schools from the Smithsonian Institution, Office of Elementary and Secondary Education, Washington, D.C. 20560 SEPTEMBER 1980 Spinning Yarns, Telling Tales about Textiles Textiles Tell Stories: The "Age of Homespun" and in regard to spinning, weaving, and other aspects of Other Tales textile making. This exchange of ideas led to a great Consider, for example, the piece of cloth shown in many improvements and innovations in all the various figure 1. This piece of hand-loomed, plaid linen is aspects of textile making over time. Some of the most from the Age of Homespun-a period of American important of these developments are explained in the history lasting from colonial times up until the Civil next section of this article. Bull mummy-wrapping (from Egypt) War. During the Age of Homespun many of the necessi­ ties of life-including textiles-were made in the Textiles From Scratch: Fiber to Cloth home. This was especially true in remote rural areas, Traditionally the making of a piece of cloth involved .7l",;;;,;i1_ where practically every farm had its own plot of flax first the selection of an appropriate natural fiber. (For i.liIi!i,~;':;\';_-- a discussion of natural fibers, see the article on page (as well as its own flock of sheep) and there was a m1i'<!Si~ 4.) The fiber was then harvested and made ready for 1\ wool wheel and a flax wheel in every kitchen. -iW:Mii\ii\_ spinning into thread or yarn. After spinning, the yarn en@! The making of cloth for clothing and bedding de­ manded an enormous amount of time and energy was usually either knitted or woven into cloth.
    [Show full text]
  • Gregory Pardlo's
    Featuring 307 Industry-First Reviews of Fiction, Nonfiction, Children'sand YA Books KIRKUSVOL. LXXXVI, NO. 8 | 15 APRIL 2018 REVIEWS Pulitzer Prize–winning poet Gregory Pardlo’s nonfiction debut, Air Traffic: A Memoir of Ambition and Manhood in America, is masterfully personal, with passages that come at you with the urgent force of his powerful convictions. p. 58 from the editor’s desk: Chairman Four Excellent New Books HERBERT SIMON President & Publisher BY CLAIBORNE SMITH MARC WINKELMAN # Chief Executive Officer MEG LABORDE KUEHN [email protected] Photo courtesy Michael Thad Carter courtesy Photo Editor-in-Chief Our Little Secret by Roz Nay (Apr. 24): “First love goes bad in Nay’s mesmer- CLAIBORNE SMITH izing debut. Cove, Vermont, is a tidy town, and 15-year-old Angela Petitjean felt [email protected] Vice President of Marketing very out of place when she moved there 11 years ago with her well-meaning but SARAH KALINA [email protected] cloying parents. Then she met Hamish “HP” Parker. HP looked like a young Managing/Nonfiction Editor ERIC LIEBETRAU Harrison Ford and lit up every room he walked into, whereas Angela was quiet [email protected] Fiction Editor and thoughtful. They became the best of friends and stayed that way until a LAURIE MUCHNICK graduation trip to the lake, when they realized they were in love….Nay expertly [email protected] Children’s Editor spins an insidious, clever web, perfectly capturing the soaring heights and crush- VICKY SMITH [email protected] ing lows of first love and how the loss of that love can make even the sanest Young Adult Editor Claiborne Smith LAURA SIMEON people a little crazy.
    [Show full text]
  • SETUP Setting up the Instrument Is the Last Stage of the Making Process
    --Michael Darnton/VIOLIN MAKING/Setup-- [This is a copy of one section of the forthcoming book tentatively titled Violin Making, by Michael Darnton, http://darntonviolins.com , downloaded from http://violinmag.com . It is an incomplete preliminary version, © 2009 by Michael Darnton. All publication rights, in any media are reserved. You may download one copy for personal use. No commercial use, commercial printing, or posting, either in whole or of substantial parts, in other locations on the internet or in any other form will be tolerated.] SETUP Setting up the instrument is the last stage of the making process, before the final adjustments. It involves all of the things that the strings touch, plus the soundpost—the final touches that make the instrument playable. In larger shops setup is often considered a specialty job, similar to bow rehairing, because it’s a critical skill different from making and restoration that benefits from constant repetition. Many makers, if they haven’t worked at some time in a shop doing a lot of setups, are minimally skilled at setup and treat it as the final impediment to getting an instrument playable and sold. Learning setup mimics learning to make: initially it is a job of numbers and measurements, discovering and doing something that works most of the time and is easily quantifiable in lists of dimensions. Only later does it blossom into a more creative and flexible discipline, determining in conjunction with adjustment the most precise aspects of how a violin performs. Because of this, there have been people in the violin world who have made famous reputations based primarily on their abilities at setup and adjustment.
    [Show full text]
  • Child Abuse History and Its Effects on Affect and Social Cognition As Mediated by Social Support David Gerard Beeman Iowa State University
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1992 Child abuse history and its effects on affect and social cognition as mediated by social support David Gerard Beeman Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Clinical Psychology Commons, Developmental Psychology Commons, Psychiatry and Psychology Commons, and the Sociology Commons Recommended Citation Beeman, David Gerard, "Child abuse history and its effects on affect and social cognition as mediated by social support " (1992). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 9975. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/9975 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion.
    [Show full text]
  • A Failure to Protect. Resolving the Battered Mother's Dilemma
    A Failure to Protect. Resolving the Battered Mother's Dilemma Evan Stark Woodbridge, CT. 06525 203-393-5515; e-mail [email protected] Draft:12.27.99 Page 1 of 96 Page 2 of 96 INTRODUCTION On September ll, l992, based on injuries observed on the hands of 7 year old Daniel Lazarra, the principal of the Sandy Hook school reported a case of suspected child abuse to the Newtown police department and the Connecticut Department of Children and Families (DCF). Further investigation revealed numerous bruises on the boy's back, buttocks, legs and arms. Daniel told police that he had been struck recently with a belt and slapped by his mother, Lavonne Lazarra, and her life-in boyfriend, Miguel Sabastian, after he was found playing with a B.B. pistol. When Daniel failed to return home as usual, Lavonne called the school and was told he had missed the bus. Shortly afterwards, the police arrived at the house, accompanied by a caseworker from Connecticut's DCF. Lavonne's four other children were taken into custody, including a new born, and she and Mr. Sabastian were placed in the back of a police car and taken to the station for questioning. The same DCF investigator had visited the home a week earlier. She found the baby in the basement washroom. The picture painted in her report had the poignancy of Victorian melodrama. The baby, Candy, age l year, was lying on the mattress with a bottle in her mouth. She had a variety of blankets around her. She was noticeably dirty, has a smell about her.
    [Show full text]