DOCSLIB.ORG

Strategies for Increasing Economic Resilience in the Caribbean

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Strategies for Increasing Economic Resilience in the Caribbean STRATEGIES FOR INCREASING ECONOMIC RESILIENCE IN THE CARIBBEAN ISSUE 3 / JULY - SEPTEMBER 2019 ABOUT ECLAC/CDCC The Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) is one of five regional commissions of the United Nations Economic and Director’s Desk: Social Council (ECOSOC). It was established in 1948 to support Latin Strategies for increasing economic resilience in 3 American governments in the economic and social development of that region. Subsequently, in 1966, the Commission (ECLA, at that time) the Caribbean established the subregional headquarters for the Caribbean in Port of Spain to serve all countries of the insular Caribbean, as well as Belize, Strategies to avoid debt traps among developing 4 Guyana and Suriname, making it the largest United Nations body in the countries as they pursue the SDGs subregion. Promoting a competitive tourism industry in the 6 At its sixteenth session in 1975, the Commission agreed to create the Caribbean through upgrading and diversification Caribbean Development and Cooperation Committee (CDCC) as a permanent subsidiary body, which would function within the ECLA Financing Agro-processing in the Caribbean 8 structure to promote development cooperation among Caribbean countries. Secretariat services to the CDCC would be provided by the subregional headquarters for the Caribbean. Nine years later, the Building a Case for Trade Driven Economic 10 Commission’s widened role was officially acknowledged when the Economic Commission for Latin America (ECLA) modified its title to the Restructuring in the Caribbean: An Examination Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC). of the Trinidad and Tobago Trade Policy CONTENTS Key Areas of Activity The ECLAC subregional headquarters for the Caribbean (ECLAC/CDCC Regular Features secretariat) functions as a subregional think-tank and facilitates increased contact and cooperation among its membership. Complementing the Recent and upcoming meetings 15 ECLAC/CDCC work programme framework, are the broader directives issued by the United Nations General Assembly when in session, which List of Recent ECLAC Documents and 15 constitute the Organisation’s mandate. At present, the overarching Publications articulation of this mandate is the Millenium Declaration, which outlines the Millenium Development Goals. Towards meeting these objectives, the Secretariat conducts research; provides technical advice to governments, upon request; organizes intergovernmental and expert group meetings; helps to formulate and articulate a regional perspective within global forums; and introduces global concerns at the regional and subregional levels. Areas of specialization include trade, statistics, social development, science and technology, and sustainable development, while actual operational activities extend to economic and development planning, demography, economic surveys, assessment of the socio-economic impacts of natural disasters, climate change, data collection and analysis, training, and FOCUS: ECLAC in the Caribbean is a publication of the assistance with the management of national economies. Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) subregional headquarters for the Caribbean/Caribbean Development and The ECLAC subregional headquarters for the Caribbean also functions Cooperation Committee (CDCC). as the Secretariat for coordinating the implementation of the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing EDITORIAL TEAM: States. The scope of ECLAC/CDCC activities is documented in the wide Director Diane Quarless, ECLAC range of publications produced by the subregional headquarters in Port Editor Alexander Voccia, ECLAC of Spain. Copy Editor Denise Balgobin, ECLAC Coordinator Sheldon Mc Lean, ECLAC Design Blaine Marcano, ECLAC MEMBER COUNTRIES ASSOCIATE MEMBERS: Antigua and Barbuda Haiti Anguilla Cover Photo: Courtesy Pixabay.com The Bahamas Jamaica Aruba Barbados Saint Kitts and Nevis British Virgin Islands Belize Saint Lucia Cayman Islands Cuba Saint Vincent Curaçao Dominica and the Grenadines Guadeloupe Dominican Republic Suriname Martinique Produced by ECLAC Grenada Trinidad and Tobago Montserrat Guyana Puerto Rico CONTACT INFORMATION Sint Maarten ECLAC Subregional Headquarters for the Caribbean PO Box 1113, Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago Turks and Caicos Islands Tel: (868) 224-8000 United States Virgin E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.eclac.org/portofspain Islands Issue 3 / July - September 2019 DIRECTOR’S DESK: STRATEGIES FOR INCREASING ECONOMIC RESILIENCE IN THE CARIBBEAN This issue of Focus considers strategies for increasing economic resilience in the Caribbean. Member States are vulnerable to both external economic and environmental shocks, given their small size and openness. ocus therefore examines the use Like tourism, agricultural competitiveness Trade Policy 2019-2023 expresses of two state contingent bond and production has been in decline for the government’s position on Fcontracts that can mitigate the some time. Along with this decline competitiveness and economic and effects of untimely shocks on debt has been an increase in imports of export diversification, incorporates the repayment and limit unsustainable debt semi-processed and processed foods. Sustainable Development Goals, and is accumulation. Caribbean agro-processing has been aligned with the Nation’s own long-term negatively impacted by several challenges, development framework. Consideration is also given to the state chief among them access to finance. of the Caribbean tourism product and to Focus therefore explores the current strategies that might be used to enhance issues in agro-processing financing and productivity of the industry. The looks at several innovative strategies for subregion’s tourism competitiveness has filling the financing gaps. Yours in Focus been in decline, despite the importance of the sector for so many Caribbean This edition also acknowledges member States. We suggest the need for important collaboration between the upgrading and diversification, as a way of Trinidad and Tobago government and revitalising the industry and improving ECLAC Caribbean in producing a trade Diane Quarless competitiveness. policy aimed at structural transformation and growth. The Trinidad and Tobago FOCUS | 3 STRATEGIES TO AVOID DEBT TRAPS AMONG DEVELOPING COUNTRIES AS THEY PURSUE THE SDGS Dillon Alleyne* While historically the accumulation of debt and debt unsustainability was perceived as a developing country problem, in recent years the evidence suggests that the issue is more global, thus demanding renewed efforts to prevent and address its unsustainable build-up. he resolution of the sovereign WHAT ARE SOVEREIGN COCOS? a situation; who validates the trigger debt crisis in Greece and the Given the fact that the major source of mechanism; and whether short term Tevents surrounding the IMF-EU finance among many “so called’ middle treasury bills would be included. One support packages for Ireland, Portugal income countries is the bond market, contentious issue relates to the trigger and Cyprus have indicated that existing any strategy to relieve the pressure being liquidity assistance from the IMF. practices for sovereign debt crisis from bond repayment in the face of Many sovereigns may not be in favour resolution are weak and in need of unexpected shocks is worthwhile to of this option since they may not want reform (Brooke et al 2013). According pursue. to be a part of an IMF stabilisation to UNCTAD (2018), a decade after the programme. In addition, cooperation global financial crisis, global debt levels According Brooke et al (2013) between the creditor and debtor would continue to reach new record highs. It “sovereign cocos” are bonds which be necessary to avoid arbitrary rollover is estimated that by the end of March automatically extend their repayment requests. 2018, global debt stocks had reached maturity when a country receives US$247.2 trillion, up from US$168 official sector emergency liquidity This approach implies some amount of trillion at the onset of the financial crisis assistance. This would be stipulated at burden sharing between the sovereign of 2007–2008.1 This has been attributed the signing of the bond contract and (the taxpayer and creditors, usually the to systemic factors among which are become part of the agreement among private sector) which will likely lead to the weak global recovery, the slump in the parties. If all or part of the debt more cautious lending. There may also prices of primary commodities and a stock came under such a regime, then be the possibility of increased premiums lack of concessional finance to middle all or part of the amortization profile as creditors factor in additional costs to income developing countries.2 of the repayment would shift forward their portfolio. This is counterbalanced without the necessity of permission by reduced risks due to a reduction Closer to home, while the debt ratios from bondholders.4 There are pros in unexpected default. Let us now in the Caribbean are quite high (70% and cons to consider whether such consider GDP linked bonds. of GDP on average), the issue has not agreements should be standardised or received the attention it deserves at tailored to the specific circumstances WHAT ARE GDP LINKED BONDS? the international level. The objective of individual countries. In any case, of this article examines two types of over time, there will likely emerge a set According to Jones and Sharma
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Kinematic Reconstruction of the Caribbean Region Since the Early Jurassic
    Earth-Science Reviews 138 (2014) 102–136 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Earth-Science Reviews journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/earscirev Kinematic reconstruction of the Caribbean region since the Early Jurassic Lydian M. Boschman a,⁎, Douwe J.J. van Hinsbergen a, Trond H. Torsvik b,c,d, Wim Spakman a,b, James L. Pindell e,f a Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, 3584 CD Utrecht, The Netherlands b Center for Earth Evolution and Dynamics (CEED), University of Oslo, Sem Sælands vei 24, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway c Center for Geodynamics, Geological Survey of Norway (NGU), Leiv Eirikssons vei 39, 7491 Trondheim, Norway d School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, WITS 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa e Tectonic Analysis Ltd., Chestnut House, Duncton, West Sussex, GU28 OLH, England, UK f School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3YE, UK article info abstract Article history: The Caribbean oceanic crust was formed west of the North and South American continents, probably from Late Received 4 December 2013 Jurassic through Early Cretaceous time. Its subsequent evolution has resulted from a complex tectonic history Accepted 9 August 2014 governed by the interplay of the North American, South American and (Paleo-)Pacific plates. During its entire Available online 23 August 2014 tectonic evolution, the Caribbean plate was largely surrounded by subduction and transform boundaries, and the oceanic crust has been overlain by the Caribbean Large Igneous Province (CLIP) since ~90 Ma. The consequent Keywords: absence of passive margins and measurable marine magnetic anomalies hampers a quantitative integration into GPlates Apparent Polar Wander Path the global circuit of plate motions.
    [Show full text]
  • Economic Survey of Latin America and the Caribbean 2018
    2018 Economic Survey of Latin America and the Caribbean Evolution of investment in Latin America and the Caribbean: stylized facts, determinants and policy challenges Thank you for your interest in this ECLAC publication ECLAC Publications Please register if you would like to receive information on our editorial products and activities. When you register, you may specify your particular areas of interest and you will gain access to our products in other formats. www.cepal.org/en/suscripciones 2 Executive summary Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) Alicia Bárcena Executive Secretary Mario Cimoli Deputy Executive Secretary Raúl García-Buchaca Deputy Executive Secretary for Management and Programme Analysis Daniel Titelman Chief, Economic Development Division Ricardo Pérez Chief, Publications and Web Services Division The Economic Survey of Latin America and the Caribbean is issued annually by the Economic Development Division of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC). The 2018 edition was prepared under the leadership of Daniel Titelman, Chief of the Division, and coordinated by Jürgen Weller. In the preparation of this edition, the Economic Development Division was assisted by the Statistics Division, the Division of International Trade and Integration, the ECLAC subregional headquarters in Mexico City and Port of Spain, and the Commission’s country offices in Bogotá, Brasilia, Buenos Aires, Montevideo and Washington, D.C. Part I, entitled, “The economic situation and outlook for 2018”, was prepared with input from the following experts: Alejandra Acevedo, Claudio Aravena, Claudia de Camino, Pablo Carvallo, Ivonne González, Michael Hanni, Juan Pablo Jiménez, Esteban Pérez Caldentey, Ramón Pineda, José Antonio Sánchez, Cecilia Vera and Jürgen Weller.
    [Show full text]
  • Present Day Plate Boundary Deformation in the Caribbean and Crustal Deformation on Southern Haiti Steeve Symithe Purdue University
    Purdue University Purdue e-Pubs Open Access Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 4-2016 Present day plate boundary deformation in the Caribbean and crustal deformation on southern Haiti Steeve Symithe Purdue University Follow this and additional works at: https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_dissertations Part of the Caribbean Languages and Societies Commons, Geology Commons, and the Geophysics and Seismology Commons Recommended Citation Symithe, Steeve, "Present day plate boundary deformation in the Caribbean and crustal deformation on southern Haiti" (2016). Open Access Dissertations. 715. https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_dissertations/715 This document has been made available through Purdue e-Pubs, a service of the Purdue University Libraries. Please contact [email protected] for additional information. Graduate School Form 30 Updated ¡ ¢¡£ ¢¡¤ ¥ PURDUE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL Thesis/Dissertation Acceptance This is to certify that the thesis/dissertation prepared By Steeve Symithe Entitled Present Day Plate Boundary Deformation in The Caribbean and Crustal Deformation On Southern Haiti. For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Is approved by the final examining committee: Christopher L. Andronicos Chair Andrew M. Freed Julie L. Elliott Ayhan Irfanoglu To the best of my knowledge and as understood by the student in the Thesis/Dissertation Agreement, Publication Delay, and Certification Disclaimer (Graduate School Form 32), this thesis/dissertation adheres to the provisions of Purdue University’s “Policy of Integrity in Research” and the use of copyright material. Andrew M. Freed Approved by Major Professor(s): Indrajeet Chaubey 04/21/2016 Approved by: Head of the Departmental Graduate Program Date PRESENT DAY PLATE BOUNDARY DEFORMATION IN THE CARIBBEAN AND CRUSTAL DEFORMATION ON SOUTHERN HAITI A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Purdue University by Steeve J.
    [Show full text]
  • Physical Geography the Equator Means That Most of the Region of Caribbean South America Includes Has Warm Temperatures Year-Round
    DO NOT EDIT--Changes must be made through “File info” CorrectionKey=TX-A SECTION 1 Physical TEKS 3A, 3B, 3C, 4D, 4E, 4F, 5A, Geography 5B, 5C, 6A, 6B, 21B, 21C, 22D What You Will Learn… If YOU lived there... Main Ideas You live in Caracas, Venezuela, but this is your first visit to the great 1. Caribbean South America Orinoco River. You’ve heard about the fierce creatures that live in has a wide variety of physical the river, so you think your guide is kidding when he says he’s going features and wildlife. 2. The region’s location and to catch a piranha. You’re expecting a monster and are surprised elevation both affect its when he pulls up a small orange fish. It has many sharp teeth, but climate and vegetation. 3. Caribbean South America is it’s only seven inches long! rich in resources, such as farmland, oil, timber, and What other animals might you see in the region? rivers for hydroelectric power. The Big Idea BUILDING BACKGROUND The narrow Isthmus of Panama joins Caribbean South America is the continent of South America at its northwestern corner, the a region with diverse physical country of Colombia. Like the countries of Central America, the five features, wildlife, climates, and resources. countries in Caribbean South America border the Caribbean Sea. They all vary in landscape, climate, and culture and have large rivers Key Terms and Places and rugged mountains. Andes, p. 236 cordillera, p. 236 Guiana Highlands, p. 237 Physical Features and Wildlife Llanos, p. 237 If you were traveling through the region of Caribbean South Orinoco River, p.
    [Show full text]
  • Kinematic Evolution of the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean
    Kinematic Evolution of the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean James Pindell Tectonic Analysis, Ltd., Cokes, Barn, West Burton, West Sussex RH20 1HD, England Also: Dept. Earth Science, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA Email: [email protected] Lorcan Kennan Tectonic Analysis, Ltd., Cokes, Barn, West Burton, West Sussex RH20 1HD, England Abstract We present a series of 14 updated tectonic reconstructions for the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean region since the Jurassic, giving due attention to plate kinematic and palinspastic accuracy. Primary elements of the model are: 1) a re-evaluation of the Mesozoic break-up of Pangea, to better define the Proto-Caribbean passive margin elements, the geology and kinematics of the Mexican and Colombian intra-arc basins, and the nature of the early Great Caribbean Arc; 2) pre-Albian circum-Caribbean rock assemblages are reconstructed into a primitive, west-facing, Mexico-Antilles-Ecuador arc (initial roots of Great Caribbean Arc) during the early separation of North and South America; 3) the subduction zone responsible for Caribbean Cretaceous HP/LT metamorphic assemblages was initiated during an Aptian subduction polarity reversal of the early Great Arc; the reversal was triggered by a strong westward acceleration of the Americas relative to the mantle which threw the original arc into compression; 4) the same acceleration led to the Aptian-Albian onset of back-arc closure and “Sevier” orogenesis in Mexico, the western USA, and the northern Andes, making this a nearly hemispheric event which must have
    [Show full text]
  • Cariforum Ecotourism Industry Value Chain Analysis Private Sector Promotion Through Value Chain and Cluster Strengthening in Cariforum
    CARIFORUM ECOTOURISM INDUSTRY VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS PRIVATE SECTOR PROMOTION THROUGH VALUE CHAIN AND CLUSTER STRENGTHENING IN CARIFORUM Shellyanne Wilson JUNE 15, 2014 1 | P a g e PRIVATE SECTOR PROMOTION THROUGH VALUE CHAIN AND CLUSTER STRENTHENING IN CARIFORUM (RG-CC1053) FINAL REPORT 15 JUNE 2014 © 2014 Inter-American Development Bank. All rights reserved. Whilst efforts have been taken to verify the accuracy of this information, neither the Inter-American Development Bank nor any sponsor or provider of financing of this information (nor their affiliates) can accept any responsibility or liability for reliance by any person on this information, opinions or conclusions set out herein. The ideas and opinions expressed in this publication belong to the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the Inter-American Development Bank, or of any of its employees, agents, member countries and executive directors. This report was authored by Dr. Shellyanne Wilson with funding from the Compete Caribbean Program, a regional private sector development, technical assistance initiative financed by the IDB, the United Kingdom Department for International Development (DFID) and Foreign Affairs, and Trade and Development Canada (DFATD), and executed in partnership with the Caribbean Development Bank (CDB) (for more information and access to the full document visit Compete Caribbean www.competecaribbean.org). 2 | P a g e Table of Contents Tables and Figures ................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • A Simple Synthesis of Caribbean Geology
    Transactions of the 16th Caribbean Geological Conference, Barbados. Caribbean Journal of Earth Science, 39 (2005), 69-82. © Geological Society of Jamaica. A simple synthesis of Caribbean geology KEITH H. JAMES Consultant Geologist, Plaza de la Cebada, 3, 09346 Covarrubias (Burgos), Spain, and Honorary Departmental Fellow, Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth, Wales, UK. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT. The complex area between the continental masses of North and South America is a collage of many continental, stretched continental, island arc and oceanic elements described by numerous works. Some areas are poorly exposed and not well known. Others are intensely explored and well documented. Syntheses of this geology popularly derive the Caribbean Plate from the Pacific and require major rotation of island arc elements and continental blocks along with major changes in plate migration direction. These models are complex and geometrically unlikely. This paper suggests a simple, in situ evolution from a Pangean configuration principally via regional (North - South America), Jurassic-Late Cretaceous, WNW oriented sinistral transtension, followed by a Palaeocene–Middle Eocene compressional event and Oligocene-Recent, E-W strike-slip between the Caribbean and American Plates. 1. INTRODUCTION southern Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and El Salvador. Extended continental crust forms the The Middle America area of this paper lies northern part of the Gulf of Mexico, the eastern between the continental masses of North and margin of Mexico, the eastern and western South America (Fig. 1). The present-day margins of the Florida Platform, the eastern Caribbean Plate interacts with Atlantic plates to Bahamas Platform and the Nicaragua the north, south and east and with the Nazca and Rise/Jamaica and the Guyana Platform.
    [Show full text]
  • Caribbean Tectonic
    U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Map not approved for release by Director USGS U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 14 January 2010 t n S i e g s b m Seismicity of thee e E s c aEr p arth 1900 - 2007 N a r e s P l a i n Caribbean Plate and Vicinity Eleuthera A T L A N T I C O C E A N a d New Providence I. ys i e A E K r n G u l f o f M e x i c o ida o d x Compiled by Arthur C. Tarr, Susan Rhea, Gavin Hayes, Antonio Villaseñor, Kevin P. FuKeyr Wlesot ng, anor d Harley Benz r u Fl l o m Cat Island TECTONIC SUMMARY G s F I a r s f l o e a T s a n r i t d o 95° 90° 85° r a 80° t 75° San Salvador 70° 65° 60° S t u S i g s b e e D e e p B g a h Extensive diversity of tectonic regimes characterizes the perimeter of the Caribbean plate, involving no fewer h B A H A M A S a B m Great a than four major adjacent plates (North America, South America, Nazca, and Cocos.) Inclined zones of deep a h -300 -200 -100 0 M e x i c o B a s i n B Exuma a a Long I. m earthquakes (Wadati-Benioff zones), deep ocean trenches, and arcs of volcanoes clearly indicate subduction of Havana n a k I s oceanic lithosphere along the Central American and Atlantic Ocean margins of the Caribbean plate, while Crooked I.
    [Show full text]
  • North America East Coast — South America West Coast & Caribbean
    North America East Coast – Caribbean / South America West Coast | AGAS New York New York Philadelphia NORTHBOUND SERVICE HIGHLIGHTS Baltimore n Extensive North America East Coast port coverage Charleston n Fast and reliable connection to New York and Port Everglades New Orleans Houston SOUTHBOUND SERVICE HIGHLIGHTS Port Everglades n Broad port coverage from U.S. East Coast – West Coast of South America n Fast direct service to Cartagena and Manzanillo n Extensive network connectivity via transshipment hubs in Colombia and Panama Puerto Moin Cartagena M.I.T (Panama) Balboa Buenaventura Esmeraldas Guayaquil CARIBBEAN / SOUTH AMERICA WEST COAST* – Puerto Bolivar Paita NORTH AMERICA EAST COAST NORTHBOUND [transit time in days] Connecting the entire Westcoast via: Callao Pisco TO ASPA 2+3 Port EvergladesNew YorkBaltimore Charleston FROM Mon Thu Sat Mon ECUBEX Arica Atacama Feeder Iquique Cartagena Mon 7 10 12 15 SAWC Puerto Angamos Manzanillo Wed 5 8 10 13 WCCA Antofagasta Puerto Moin Thu 4 7 9 12 * in transhipment Valparaíso/ San Antonio NORTH AMERICA EAST COAST – San Vicente CARIBBEAN / SOUTH AMERICA WEST COAST* SOUTHBOUND [transit time in days] TO CartagenaManzanilloPuerto Moin FROM Sun Tue Wed New York Thu 9 11 13 Northbound Baltimore Sat 7 9 11 Southbound Charleston Tue 5 7 9 Port Everglades Thu 3 5 7 * in transhipment Updated: 20 July 2020 www.hamburgsud.com North America East Coast – Caribbean / South America West Coast | AGAS PORT ROTATION Santa Marta Cartagena Turbo Buenaventura Charleston Baltimore New York Port Everglades Puerto
    [Show full text]
  • Central America and the Caribbean
    CENTRAL AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN Dividers_country profiles.indd 4 15/11/2016 15:07:26 Dividers_country profiles.indd 9 28/10/2014 11:08:38 − The Caribbean Islands − This section covers the Bahamas, Barbados, Cuba, Haiti, Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago. The current legislation on trafficking in persons in the Bahamas (adopted 2008), Barbados (in 2011), Haiti (2014), Jamaica (2007) and Trinidad and Tobago (2011) cover all forms of trafficking indicated in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol. In Cuba, the legislation only addresses trafficking for sexual exploitation. Investigations and suspects In the Bahamas, the first three prosecutions for trafficking in persons registered in the country were conducted in 2014. Two Jamaican women and one man from the Bahamas were suspected in two of the three cases. Source: UN Special Rapporteur on Trafficking in Persons. In 2013, 10 cases of trafficking in persons were investigated in the Barbados. In the same year, three persons (one male and two females) were arrested and prosecuted. In 2015, six persons were arrested for trafficking; four males and two females. No convictions were recorded during the period here considered. Source: Royal Barbados Police Force. The authorities in Cuba report that nine cases of trafficking in persons concluded with a conviction in the year 2012. 14 persons have been convicted, 12 males and 2 females, all Cuban citizens. In the year 2013, 13 cases were concluded with convictions; 16 persons (13 males and 3 females) were convicted. Source: Tribunal Supremo Popular/Ministry of Foreign Affairs – Cuba. During the period March 2011-March 2012, the United Nations Mission for Stabilization in Haiti (MINUSTAH) reported 12 cases of child trafficking.
    [Show full text]
  • Latin American Studies Courses (LAS) 1
    Latin American Studies Courses (LAS) 1 LAS:3020 Journalistic Writing in Spanish 3 s.h. Spanish writing skills; introduction to style and practice Latin American of journalistic reporting and writing. Taught in Spanish. Requirements: at least one course taught in Spanish at the Studies Courses 2000 level or above. Same as JMC:3445, SPAN:3020. LAS:3104 Immigration Politics 3 s.h. (LAS) United States immigration policy and political consequences of Latina/o/x population growth; contrast of political This is a list of Latin American studies courses. For more experiences of Latina/o/x with groups and ideals of democratic information, see Latin American Studies. political systems; analyses of past immigration policies; LAS:1150 Brazilian Culture and Carnival 3 s.h. studies of public opinion, voter turnout, and campaign tactics. Dance, music, historical, and social contents of Brazilian Same as LATS:3104, POLI:3104. Carnival production, critical theories of performance, religious LAS:3111 Health in Mexico 3 s.h. backgrounds, and theatre making in carnival parades. GE: Use of anthropological perspectives to examine disease, Engineering Be Creative; Values and Culture. Same as healing systems, and ideas about health and the body in DANC:1150. Mexico and its diaspora; relationships between structural LAS:2200 Introduction to Spanish American conditions and historical and political transformations; ideas Cultures 3 s.h. about gender and race; chronic and acute disease in Mexico; Introduction to study of cultural history of Spanish America; conquest and disease; racialized bodies; sexual health; topics range from precolombian times to present; for students biomedicine; shamanism; immigration and health; pollution who are just starting work on the Spanish major or minor.
    [Show full text]
  • Central America and Caribbean Study Guide 1. Spanish Explorers Came to the Caribbean Area in the 1500'S to Seek Gold. 2. a Co
    Central America and Caribbean Study Guide 1. Spanish explorers came to the Caribbean area in the 1500’s to seek gold. 2. A colony is a group of people living in a new territory with ties to a distant state. 3. A dictatorship is a government controlled by a single leader. 4. Cultural diffusion is the spread of cultural traits. 5. Plants and animals that depend on one another and their environment for survival make up an ecosystem. 6. A hacienda is a huge farm or ranch created by Spanish landowners. 7. Simon Bolivar led the people in Caribbean South America in their rebellion against Spanish rule. 8. A representative democracy is a democracy in which the people elect representatives to make the nation’s laws. 9. El Nino is a weather phenomenon in which warm water from the western Pacific Ocean flows east to the coast of Peru every few years and causes heavy rain. 10. Fidel Castro led a communist revolution in Cuba in the late 1950’s. 11. One of the region’s major economic goal is to increase capital investment, or investments in factories and technology. 12. Free trade is a system in which goods and services are traded between countries without government restrictions. 13. The Andes Mountains extend up the west coast of South America. 14. The gauchos, or cowboys of the Pampas formed the cacalry when Argentina was fighting for independence. 15. A conquistador is a Spanish soldier-explorer. 16. An oligarchy is a type of government in which a small group of people rule.
    [Show full text]