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Mapping Mass Mobilization Mapping Mass Mobilization Understanding Revolutionary Moments in Argentina and Ukraine Olga Onuch Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to UZH Hauptbibliothek / Zentralbibliothek Zurich - PalgraveConnect - 2015-01-01 - PalgraveConnect Zurich / Zentralbibliothek - licensed to UZH Hauptbibliothek www.palgraveconnect.com material from Copyright 10.1057/9781137409775 - Mapping Mass Mobilization, Olga Onuch Mapping Mass Mobilization Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to UZH Hauptbibliothek / Zentralbibliothek Zurich - PalgraveConnect - 2015-01-01 - PalgraveConnect Zurich / Zentralbibliothek - licensed to UZH Hauptbibliothek www.palgraveconnect.com material from Copyright 10.1057/9781137409775 - Mapping Mass Mobilization, Olga Onuch This page intentionally left blank Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to UZH Hauptbibliothek / Zentralbibliothek Zurich - PalgraveConnect - 2015-01-01 - PalgraveConnect Zurich / Zentralbibliothek - licensed to UZH Hauptbibliothek www.palgraveconnect.com material from Copyright 10.1057/9781137409775 - Mapping Mass Mobilization, Olga Onuch Mapping Mass Mobilization Understanding Revolutionary Moments in Argentina and Ukraine Olga Onuch Senior Lecturer, University of Manchester, UK Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to UZH Hauptbibliothek / Zentralbibliothek Zurich - PalgraveConnect - 2015-01-01 - PalgraveConnect Zurich / Zentralbibliothek - licensed to UZH Hauptbibliothek www.palgraveconnect.com material from Copyright 10.1057/9781137409775 - Mapping Mass Mobilization, Olga Onuch © Olga Onuch 2014 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted her right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2014 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978–1–137–40976–8 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Onuch, Olga, 1982– Mapping mass mobilization : understanding revolutionary moments in Argentina and Ukraine / Olga Onuch. pages cm Summary: “Moments of mass mobilization astound us. As a sea of protesters fills the streets, observers scramble to understand this extraordinary political act by ‘ordinary’ citizens. This study presents a paired comparison of two ‘moments’ of mass mobilization, in Ukraine and Argentina. The two cases are compared and analyzed on a cross-temporal and an inter-regional basis, thereby offering two critical cases in response to assumptions that the processes and patterns of mobilization, and democratization politics more broadly, are region specific. This study challenges political science’s focus on elites and structural factors in the study of political participation during democratization” — Provided by publisher. ISBN 978–1–137–40976–8 (hardback) 1. Social movements—Argentina—History. 2. Social movements—Ukraine— History. 3. Protest movements—Argentina—History. 4. Protest movements— Ukraine—History. 5. Political participation—Argentina. 6. Political participation—Ukraine. 7. Democratization—Argentina. 8. Democratization— Ukraine. 9. Argentina—Politics and government—1983– 10. Ukraine— Politics and government—1991– I. Title. HN263.5.O68 2014 303.48 409477—dc23 2014025005 - 2015-01-01 - PalgraveConnect Zurich / Zentralbibliothek - licensed to UZH Hauptbibliothek www.palgraveconnect.com material from Copyright 10.1057/9781137409775 - Mapping Mass Mobilization, Olga Onuch To Mirka and Jerzy Onuch From ‘bileciki-bileciki’ to DPhil and beyond, no one has given better advice or fostered my intellectual curiosity and creativity more than you. For your unconditional support and faith, I will be eternally grateful. Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to UZH Hauptbibliothek / Zentralbibliothek Zurich - PalgraveConnect - 2015-01-01 - PalgraveConnect Zurich / Zentralbibliothek - licensed to UZH Hauptbibliothek www.palgraveconnect.com material from Copyright 10.1057/9781137409775 - Mapping Mass Mobilization, Olga Onuch This page intentionally left blank Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to UZH Hauptbibliothek / Zentralbibliothek Zurich - PalgraveConnect - 2015-01-01 - PalgraveConnect Zurich / Zentralbibliothek - licensed to UZH Hauptbibliothek www.palgraveconnect.com material from Copyright 10.1057/9781137409775 - Mapping Mass Mobilization, Olga Onuch Contents List of Figures, Tables, and Maps ix Acknowledgements xi About the Author xiii List of Abbreviations xiv Maps xvi Part I 1 Introduction: The Shock and Awe of Moments of Mass Mobilization 3 2 Theoretical Framework for Comparative Analysis of Mass Mobilization 27 Part II 3 Mapping Moments and Movements in Ukraine and Eastern Europe 1920–2004 55 4 Mapping Moments and Movements in Argentina and Latin America 1920–2001 82 Part III 5 Setting Precedents: Medium-term Structural Factors in the Mobilization Process 109 6 Context Is Only Part of the Puzzle: Short-term Structural Factors in the Mass Mobilization Process 129 Part IV 7 The Activist and Elite Interaction and Information Exchange Game 157 8 The Duty to Protest: Participation of ‘Ordinary’ People in Mass - 2015-01-01 - PalgraveConnect Zurich / Zentralbibliothek - licensed to UZH Hauptbibliothek www.palgraveconnect.com material from Copyright Mobilization 183 9 Conclusions: Understanding Revolutionary Moments and Movements 212 vii 10.1057/9781137409775 - Mapping Mass Mobilization, Olga Onuch viii Contents Epilogue: It Happened Again – The 2014 EuroMaidan Mass Mobilization in Ukraine 237 Appendices 246 Notes 305 References 311 Index 328 Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to UZH Hauptbibliothek / Zentralbibliothek Zurich - PalgraveConnect - 2015-01-01 - PalgraveConnect Zurich / Zentralbibliothek - licensed to UZH Hauptbibliothek www.palgraveconnect.com material from Copyright 10.1057/9781137409775 - Mapping Mass Mobilization, Olga Onuch Figures, Tables, and Maps Figures 1.1 Most typical analyses of 19/20 mass mobilization 7 1.2 Most typical analyses of the Orange Revolution 12 1.3 Interviewee distribution 17 2.1 Key actors in the mass mobilization process 37 2.2 Activists/SMOs as key actors in the mass mobilization process 39 2.3 Politico-economic elite as a key actor in mass mobilization 41 2.4 ‘Ordinary’ citizens as key actors in mass mobilization 43 2.5 Interlocutors and facilitators in mass mobilization 45 2.6 Actor overlap and interaction during mass mobilization 47 3.1 The historical trajectory of mobilization in Ukraine and Argentina 56 3.2 Network connectivity in Ukraine, 1920–1955 60 3.3 Network connectivity in Ukraine, 1920–1979 69 3.4 Network connectivity in Ukraine, 1920–1991 73 3.5 Network connectivity in Ukraine, 1920–2004 81 4.1 Network connectivity in Argentina, 1920–1955 87 4.2 Network connectivity in Argentina, 1920–1980 93 4.3 Network connectivity in Argentina, 1920–1990 98 4.4 Network connectivity in Argentina, 1920–2001 103 6.1 Simple versus complex causality in process tracing 131 6.2 Politico-economic satisfaction Argentina (1996–2008) 133 6.3 Rise in unemployment, 1990–2003 133 6.4 Satisfaction with the economy in Ukraine 134 6.5 Satisfaction with politics in Ukraine 134 6.6 Support for the Government of Ukraine, 2000–2009 135 6.7 Economic satisfaction in comparative perspective 136 6.8 Poverty in Argentina, 2001–2009 137 6.9 Informality in Argentina, 1998–2003 137 8.1 Approval ratings for Presidents de la Rúa and Kuchma 187 8.2 Perceived causes of protest 197 8.3 Description of protests, Ukraine 199 8.4 Description of protests, Argentina 200 8.5 Participation in protests 203 8.6 Media sources for protest information 207 - 2015-01-01 - PalgraveConnect Zurich / Zentralbibliothek - licensed to UZH Hauptbibliothek www.palgraveconnect.com material from Copyright ix 10.1057/9781137409775 - Mapping Mass Mobilization, Olga Onuch x List of Figures, Tables, and Maps Tables 1.1 On-street surveys 19 1.2 Triangulation with secondary data and social surveys 20 1.3 Analyses employed 21 3.1 Moments and movements most often referenced in interviews and focus groups with activists in Ukraine 58 3.2 Prosvita membership and activity 61 3.3 Key protest
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