The Rockefeller Institute Quarterly 1962, Vol. 5, No. 4 the Rockefeller University

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Winter 1962 The Rockefeller Institute Quarterly 1962, vol. 5, no. 4 The Rockefeller University

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Cmpary Hall and Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Hall on a wintry day are seen in the couer drawing. Seminar and conference rooms, and the guest suites, lounge, and refectory of the Abby ,q look out upon the snow-covered mall lined with plane trees.

THE ROCKEFELLER INSTITUTE QUARTERLY

THEROCKEFELLER INSTITUTE PRESS 66th Street and York Avenue, New York 21 fore. Schaub is still at the Institute, and Electronic Techniques for he provides invaluable continuity with the past. Yang returned to China in 1956, and was soon replaced by Dr. Robert L. Schoenfeld, an engineer who was drawn Research in The Institute into biological problems by an interest in psychology. Dr. Schoenfeld had worked FEWBIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS are fibers were completed, using the newly on the development of electroencephalo- carried on today that do not depend in developed vacuum-tube amplifiers to drive graphic apparatus at the College of Physi- some important way on electronic tech- oscillographs of various types. Bronk went cians and Surgeons at Columbia Univer- niques for instrumentation, observation, on to become Professor of Biophysics in sity after which he went to Brooklyn Poly- recording, or analysis of data. Indeed, the University of Pennsylvania in 1929 technic Institute for graduate study. electronics has come to play a central role, and to organize and direct the Eldridge Hervey, in Woods Hole, works on long- not only in contemporary research, but in Reeves Johnson Foundation for Research term projects; Schoenfeld's group in New all of modern life. It is therefore impera- in Medical Physics there. York, under Hervey's direction, carries on tive that resources for study and use of It was only with difficulty that Bronk development and research which require electronic techniques be an integral part could obtain permission to include physics day-to-day consultation. Some of these of an institution for graduate study and and physiology in his gradbate study. To- undertakings are modest, such as a circuit research such as The Rockefeller Institute. day, physics, electronics, and biology to- to modulate an optical stimulator for use As will be seen below, the Electronics gether form the common background of in the physiology course. Others are more Laboratory has been of great help to many many. For example, after World War I1 elaborate, for example, the design of a re- of the graduate- students in their doctoral several young physicists who had been at liable electronic programmed control for investigations; for most of them it has pro- the Radiation Laboratory turned to bio- Professor Lyman Craig's countercurrent vided help and guidance in dealing with physics. Among them were Dr. C. M. Con- distribution apparatus. techniques that might be regarded by nelly, now associated with Drs. Brink and many as the exclusive province of the nar- Bronk at the Institute, and Dr. E. E Mac- A DIGITAL PROGRAMMER row specialist. . Nichol, now in the Department of Bio- Still other projects involve considerable ~esearchat the Institute in fields as var- physics at The Hopkins. Both men went to research by the Electronics Laboratory. ied as the physiology of the visual system, the Johnson Foundation in the University One such long-term project has been un- lipid metabolism, the control of infectious of Pennsylvania, then directed by Presi- dertaken in collaboration with Dr. Hart- diseases, and the structure of proteins dent Bronk, where they were also associ- line and Dr. Floyd Ratliff to automate a makes heavy use of electronics and has ated with Frank Brink and H. K. Hartline, large portion of the collection and analysis confronted the physicists and engineers in now members of the Institute faculty. of the data from neurophysiological inves- the Electronics Laboratory with some tigations. Of necessity much of the data is challenging problems, some of which are EXPANSION OF ELECTRONICS obtained by electronic techniques, and described below. A number of those who had been as- over the years many means have been de- When Detlev Bronk became President sociated with President Detlev Bronk in vised for recording and partly analyzing of the Institute in 1953 and began the biophysical investigations joined him when the observations. It now appears possible creation of its school of graduate study, he came to The Rockefeller Institute. to integrate many of these techniques into one of his first moves was to strengthen Among them were Dr. Brink, Dr. Hartline, a programmed system which will greatly an embryonic Electronics Laboratory that and Dr. Connelly. Their needs for elec- increase the efficiency and variety of prac- had been established many years before tronic assistance led Dr. Bronk to add tical experiments. This was one of the first to serve the needs of the neurophysiolo- strength to the Electronics Laboratory by problems undertaken by Robert Schoen- gists. President Bronk was acutely aware placing it for the first time under a pro- feld when he joined the Institute's staff in of the growing importance of physics and fessional electronic engineer, John El Her- 1957, and it is still under way. electronics in biology for he was trained vey. Hervey, who had been Assistant Pro- Hartline's studies of the visual system in electrical engineering and as a gradu- fkssor of Biophysics at the Cornell Medical have for many years centered around ob- ate student had obtained a Ph.D. degree College and most recently Associate Pro- servations of the electrical response of and in both physics and physiology. He had fessor at The Hopkins, became Senior interactions among individual light recep- gone as a National Research Council Fel- Electronic Engineer at the Institute's tors in the compound eye of the horseshoe low to England, where his knowledge of Jacques Loeb Laboratory in Woods Hole, crab, Limulus. In this work he and his co- engineering and physics were major assets Massachusetts. Under his supervision was workers have been faced with an increas- in the neurophysiological investigations an assistant, resident in the New York ing complexity of experimental manipula- he and E. D. Adrian (now Lord Adrian shop, Dr. C. Yang, from the Johnson Foun- tions, and electronic programming of the and the Institute's newest Trustee) carried dation in the University of Pennsylvania. experiments has become a necessity. In out at Cambridge. In the year 1928-1929 Yang was aided by Warren Schaub, who certain experiments, as many as three their classical experiments on the record- had come to the Institute to assist the neu- light beams are used and the impulses ing of electrical activity from single nerve rophysiology laboratories several years be- (continued on page two) ELECTRONIC TECHNIQUES undertaking,- Schoenfeld and his associ- (continued from page one) ates have wanted to obtain practical expe- rience with the components of this elab- from three nerve fibers, each associated orate system. One such "finger exercise," with a separate visual receptor, are re- as Schoenfeld calls it, was developed co- corded. Each light beam is switched on operatively by Laurence Eisenberg of and off for variable timed intervals during the Electronics Laboratory and Dr. Floyd an experimental run. These intervals are Ratliff. They have devised equipment interchanged between the light beams in which automatically displays in numerical successive runs according to a complex form the time of arrival of nerve impulses, pattern. The timed intervals must be pro- or the time interval between successive grammed in order to test the mutual inter- impulses. Heretofore the almost micro- action of the stimuli and to control the av- scopic photographic traces of high-fre- erage illumination so that it will remain quency impulses had to be analyzed in relatively constant for all three receptors. terms of frequency and time of arrival by Carrying out and recording the results of tedious measurement on an optical device these intricate experiments involves an Hartline devised from a ruling engine like elaborate sequence of switching and ad- that used by Rowland for 'producing dif- justing which can better be done electron- fraction gratings at The Johns Hopkins Above is the jewel-like compound eye of the ically than by hand. University. So lengthy was the analysis of horseshoe crab ( Limulus) , about twenty times As a first step, Schoenfeld set himself the data that many experiments which natural size, used by Professor Hartline in studies the task of understanding the variety of could easily be performed were passed by of the neurophysiology of uision. On the opposite electronic equipment used by Hartline for lack of time for processing the data. page is the electrdnic apparatus used to analyze and his co-workers and the different pos- Now the time intervals are computed, dis- the response of any of the thousand or more receptors in the facets of the eye when they are sible experimental uses to which it was played, and superimposed photographi- stimulated by light. The technician is placing cally on the oscilloscope record of the nerve put. This task was not simple, not only be- a facet under the light beam. At far right are cause Hartline's electronic gear included impulses themselves. On the facing page data from a typical experiment. A counter dis- many sophisticated instruments designed is a photograph of such a record. plays on the oscillogram of the nerve impulses by John Hervey, Edward E MacNichol, A modification of this system is a multi- the time in milliseconds at which they appear fol- and Hartline himself, but because of the function instantaneous display counter lowing the onset of stimulation by light (marked many different functions and ways of in- Schoenfeld and Eisenberg with the assist- by a step in the trace at bottom right). terconnecting the equipment. ance of Willard Friedman developed for When Schoenfeld began work on this Dr. Vernon Brooks, neurophysiologist at problem, Hervey indicated that the solu- the Institute. This unit will count mam- tioned above, have in fact been developed tion would require the application of digi- malian nerve impulses (which occur at for studies of single nerve fiber pulses such tal technology. The conception of a digital much higher counting rates than the im- as in the research of Gasser and Erlanger programmer gradually took form during pulses in the cold-blooded Limulus) of a and Adrian and Bronk, but no manufac- 1959-1960 as a result of many discussions preselected amplitude, and it will display turer has yet succeeded in building ampli- between Hartline, Ratliff, and Schoenfeld. instantaneously the total number in a fiers as free from drift as those from the The main problem in the design was to given interval, the time they arrive follow- Electronics Laboratory, and with com- make the equipment versatile enough to ing stimulus, etc. parable discrimination. Recent advances encompass future experiments which are At his headquarters at the Marine Bio- in techniques of physiology such as the not yet foreseen completely. A preliminary logical Laboratory in Woods Hole, John use of micropipettes for electrodes and logical design for the programmer was Hervey specializes in the development of micropointed metal electrodes have raised made early in 1960. Hartline and Ratliff systems and equipment which involve rig- new problems. With these, the microelec- evaluated the performance capability of orous biological specifications necessitat- trode (with a tip diameter of less than a the proposed instrument by setting up hy- ing long-term study and experiment. For micron) actually pierces the membrane pothetical experiments for it to perform. example, though recently commercially of the cell or neuron, and signal ampli- On the basis of these studies, the complex- available oscilloscopes, cameras, and stim- tudes approximate the potential across the ity and sophistication of the design re- ulus-timing devices have met many needs, membrane, which may be from one hun- quirements increased considerably. The the initial amplifier stages, dealing with dred to one hundred and fifty millivolts. final logical design was completed in the the lowest signal levels, have require- The sharp localization of the observa- spring of 1961. Solid state electronics in ments which are not entirely met by any tion thus achievable opened a new realm the form of printed circuit digital modules instruments on the market. One of the rea- for investigation. But the microelectrode is will be employed in the programmer, sons for this is that the requirements of not an unmixed blessing, for the small size which is, in effect, a special purpose di- these amplifiers depend on the specific ap- of the electrode and the minute signals in- gital computer. plication and technique for which they are volved require that the associated cir- Before embarking on so ambitious an being used. Differential amplifiers, men- cuitry be designed and constructed with

ELECTRONIC TECHNIQUES been the most rapid of all modern analyt- Jernberg in the Instrument Shop, who con- (continued from page three) ical methods in chemistry, both in instru- structed the boiling liquid column heating mental development and sophistication as jacket, Dr. Schoenfeld supervised the con- the internal noise which tends to limit the well as in laboratory techniques. At The struction of the electronic phase of the former. During the past year an effort has Rockefeller Institute the Electronics Lab- systems. been made to find out more about the grid oratory has assisted Professor Edward H. current and sources of low-frequency Ahrens, Jr., and Professor Vincent F! Dole TROUBLE-SHOOTING noise in commercially available vacuum in developing gas chromatography ap- The completed instrument was tested in tubes. Concurrently, Hervey's develop- paratus to further their studies of the me- the spring of 1958 but the results were ment program has shown how to design tabolism of high molecular weight fatty not entirely satisfactory, for the detector power supplies with stabilities measured acids. lacked the high sensitivity reported by in the tens of microvolts. The first GLC apparatus at the Institute Lovelock. It was at this time that Paul Ro- Hewey has just completed the design was obtained early in 1957 by Professor sen, a physicist, joined the Electronics Lab- of a preamplifier for use with the new Tek- Ahrens to aid in his investigations on lipids. oratory. Rosen was assigned the respon- tronix 502 cathode-ray oscilloscope. This The instrument and technique were de- sibility of carrying forward the project. apparatus will be used by students who veloped in England by Dr. A. J. I? Martin Armed with a complete understanding of are doing thesis research in the area of and Dr. A. T. James and {eatured the de- the essential requirements of good de- neurophysiology. Hervey's presence at tection of the separated components in the tector design, Mr. Rosen proceeded to Woods Hole is of great assistance to the effluent gas with the gas density balance. modify the existing detector to include students and faculty from the Institute James brought such a detector and a col- changes recommended by Dr. Lovelock. who carry on their research there in the umn heating system from England, and he Not the least important of these recom- summer. Last summer, for example, four and Dr. William Insull, then in Professor mendations was the use of a spark plug graduate students worked with him. One, Ahrcns' laboratory, assembled the instru- slightly modified to serve as the anode of Robert DeVoe, had just graduated, having ment with the aid of the Electronics Lab- the ionization chamber, a simple but crit- written his thesis on an investigation of oratory and the Instrument Shop. This in- ically important item. The results of the the electrical activity of visual receptors. strument made possible the first success- modified design proved to be extremely From an initial interest in freely moving ful analyses of long-chain fatty acids in this satisfactory, for it made possible complete animals in their natural environment, De- country by GLC; as little as 1 to 3 milli- analyses of complex mixtures of fatty acids Voe's interest changed to an enthusiasm grams of fatty acids was r.equired. This using as little as lo micrograms of mate- for experimental cellular physiology and success sparked the acceptance of this rial. An intensive investigation by Mr. his initial disdain for electronic gear new technique here and greatly acceler- Rosen was then initiated with Dr. Insull changed to a lively interest in it. DeVoe ated certain phases of lipid chemistry. and later with Dr. John Farquhar in Pro- spent the summer with Hervey to perfect James also brought with him news about fessor Ahrens' laboratory to study the his knowledge of electronics as much as a new type of detector, devised by Dr. J. characteristics of the detector regarding possible before beginning his academic E. Lovelock in England, that proved to be sensitivity, linearity, accuracy, and proper career this fall in the Department of extremely important to the development operating conditions. Physiology of The Johns Hopkins Univer- of GLC throughout the world. Lovelock's A year later a similar instrument was sity School of Medicine. Clifford Slayman ionization chamber detector was reported constructed for Dr. Dole to be used in his constructed the equipment he will use this to be several orders of magnitude more investigations of lipids. Mr. Rosen de- year as he begins his thesis research, and sensitive than existing thermal detectors signed an electrical column heating sys- Richard Purple and David Lange studied as well as the gas density balance. It was tem to replace the boiling liquid heating with Hervey how to design and build their stable against temperature and pressure methods used with the earlier instruments. own apparatus. Another of the students, fluctuations, required no reference col- A second GLC machine will soon be de- Fred Dodge, who is completing a thesis in- umn, was fairly easy to construct, and, in livered to Dr. Dole which will include im- vestigation in neurophysiology in the lab- short, more closely approached an ideal provements in design based upon the ex- oratory of Professors Brink and Bronk this detector than any developed up to that perience obtained with the earlier models. year, has acquired an unusual grasp of time. The principle of operation upon The Electronics Laboratory enjoys the electronics while he has been at the Insti- which Lovelock's detector is based is well part-time assistance of Dr. Sid Deutsch, tute. He has designed and constructed known to' designers of nuclear particle Associate Professor in Brooklyn Polytech- much of the equipment he has used. counting instruments. nic Institute. Dr. Deutsch and Dr. Herbert Professor Ahrens, alert to the need for Jaffe of the spectroscopy laboratory re- GAS-LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY higher detection sensitivity in order to car- cently developed a miniature heating unit Gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) is a ry out analyses on the microgram samples to fit inside the cuvette of an optical spec- modern analytical technique in which available in certain biological experi- troscope. The platinum heating wire of this many fields of specialization and investi- ments, decided to construct an instrument unit functions as part of an automatic gators in many countries have played a utilizing this remarkable new detector. temperature controller and permits fast role. Indeed, the rate of growth, activity, Working closely with Dr. Insull, who was response for optical studies of kinetics. and development of this technique has responsible for the project, and with Nils Dr. Deutsch is now working on a digital integrator for the Moore-Stein amino- demic Convocation for the Conferring of acid analyzer. The heart of this design is Degrees. a novel printed circuit, which carries Lord Adrian received the Nobel Prize twelve silvered tracks wrapped around a in Medicine and Physiology in 1932 with rotating drum on which contact brushes Sir Charles Sherrington for their investiga- ride. The drum rotates to an angle pro- tions on neuromuscular coordination. With portional to the light transmitted through President Bronk, Lord Adrian pioneered the sample from the amino-acid analyzer. the recording of electrical impulses from The printed circuit around the drum con- single nerve fibers, and he has made im- verts the angle of rotation into numbers portant contributions to the understand- proportional to the logarithm of the angle, ing of the nervous mechanisms underlying which is in turn proportional to the op- sensation and perception. tical density of the sample. The printed Adrian was President of the Royal So- circuit thus constitutes a logarithmic ana- ciety from 1950 to 1955 after having log-to-digital converter and permits the served as Foreign Secretary since 1946. data of an amino-acid analysis to be en- He was President of University College of coded as a set of numbers on punched Leicester from 1955 to 1957 and is now paper tape. The tapes from a number of Chancellor of the University of Leicester. experiments or from different machines He was President of the British Associa- can be handled by one computing unit, EDGARDOUGLAS ADRIAN, First Baron of tion for the Advancement of Science in which will add the numbers on the tape Cambridge, Master of Trinity College, 1954 and is now President of the Royal to compute the quantity of each compo- sometime Professor of Physiology and Society of Medicine. Among the numer- nent amino-acid present in the analysis. Vice-Chancellor of the University of Cam- ous scientific and scholarly societies Since the war the Institute of Radio En- bridge, has been elected Trustee of the throughout the world which have hon- gineers has created a Professional Group Institute. It is noteworthy that in spite of ored Lord Adrian by electing him to their on Medical Electronics. The work of The the universality implicit in the idea of a fellowship are the National Academy of Rockefeller Institute's own Medical Elec- university, election of a foreign scholar to Sciences and the American Philosophical tronics Center under the leadership of the governing board of a university is un- Society in the United States, the Accade- Vladimir K. Zworykin has previously been usual, if not without precedent. This ac- mia Nazionale dei Lincei in Italy, the described in the Quarterly (Vol. 2, NO. 1, tion was taken in recognition of the grow- Acadkmie des Sciences in France, the 1958; Vol. 3, No. 1, 1.959). ing international character of American Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and A pacemaker to stimulate a failing aged institutions of higher learning. Visiting Letters, the Swedish Royal Academy of heart is an excursion into medical elec- Professor since the creation of the Insti- Sciences, and the Royal Academy of Sci- tronics by Dr. Alexander Mauro, a bio- tute's School of Graduate Studies in 1954, ences in The Netherlands. In addition to physicist now associated with Professor Adrian was among the first recipients of its The Rockefeller Institute more than a Frank Brink. Mauro has been deeply inter- honorary degree of Doctor of Science in score of other universities have conferred ested for a number of years in the possibil- 1959 on the occasion of the first Aca- academic honors on him. ity of developing electronic prosthesis for various excitable tissues. The implications for certain forms of paralysis are great, indeed, but the problems of synthesizing the ternal source to a simple internal receiver. this unit, and four patients are currently intensity, wave form, frequency, etc., of With the power source outside the body using this transistorized pacemaker with motor nerve impulses are as yet insur- the pulse frequency and amplitude can be great success. Many problems remain in mountable. Cardiac impulses are much changed as the patient's condition war- perfecting the apparatus and adapting it simpler, and accordingly Mauro, in a de- rants, and the simplicity of the implanted as a prosthetic device for stimulating velopment program that is peripheral to pick-up coil assures great reliability. nerve tissue. Mauro and Eisenberg have his chief biophysical interests, has pro- Laurence Eisenberg in the Electronics undertaken to continue this work. ceeded with the cardiac pacemaker. It has Laboratory and Dr. Mauro developed a Only a few examples have been given given some challenging problems to the transistorized unit with adequate power, here of the multitude of ways in which Electronics Laboratory. Stimulation of producing the first successful unit in 1960. electronic instrumentation and techniques blocked hearts from internally implanted Shortly thereafter, a second and simpler are being used in biological and medical power sources or by wires passing from out- miniaturized unit was developed and research. The growing importance of side the body clirectly to the heart has nu- produced commercially, for production of electronics and the increasing scope of the merous disadvantages. Mauro, who began units in quantities sufficient for clinical Institute's Electronics Laboratory assure to explore this problem while he was at trials would have been beyond the capac- that in future articles in this series on the Yale, was convinced that a battery-oper- ity of the Electronics Laboratory. Dr. W. Institute's scientific activities, opportuni- ated radio transmitter could transmit a Glenn at the Yale University School of ties will arise to tell more of the role of precisely controlled impulse from an ex- Medicine is carrying out clinical tests of electronics in science. Medicine. In 1933 he became Professor versity of Chile and of the Medical Soci- The Trustees of Physiology and Head of the Depart- ety of Santiago, and Honorary Member of ment in The Johns Hopkins University the Argentine Biological Society. Dr. School of Medicine where he served as Bard's Latin American honors came to PHILIP BARD Dean of the Medical Faculty from 1953 him through the respect and affection he PROFESSOROF PHYSIOLOGY in The Johns to 1957. has won from the numerous South Amer- Hopkins University School of Medicine, The American Physiological Society ican students who have studied with him Philip Bard was elected Trustee of the elected Dr. Bard as its representative on in his laboratory at The Hopkins. Institute in 1959. Teaching and research the Division of Medical Sciences of the In addition to his devotion to teaching in physiology have been his chief inter- National Research Council in 1935, a re- and research and his service to scientific ests since he was graduated from Prince- sponsibility he carried until after the war. societies, Dr. Bard has given much of his ton University in 1923. When he was In addition to membership on the Com- time to the literature of science. Not only fifteen he planned to become a physician, mittee on Aviation Medicine he also has he served on the editorial boards of but after leaving Princeton he decided served as Chairman of its Subcommittee Physiological Reviews and the American instead upon graduate study in physiology Journal of Physiology, but he has lavished at Harvard University, where he earned time and care on seeing four revisions of the Ph.D. degree under Dr. Walter B. what was MacLeod's Physiology in Mod- Cannon. ern Medicine through the press. This la- Cannon had been carrying on a series bor of love he began in 1933 when he of experiments with cats which mani- was asked by Dr. MacLeod to rewrite the fested rage upon recovering from anes- chapters on the central nervous system in thesia, though the cerebral cortex had the seventh edition. MacLeod died soon been severed from the brain stem, isolat- thereafter, and Dr. Bard undertook to ing the supposed seat of emotions. The edit the eighth and following editions. A subcortical origin of this "sham rage" be- score of the seventy-two chapters in the havior was suggested by Dr. Cannon as a eleventh (1961) edition were written by thesis problem, and it led Bard into a life- him or so extensively revised by him that time of investigations of physiological they bear his name. phenomena controlled by mechanisms in Dr. Bard's intense interest in his re- the brain and brain stem. search and his numerous administrative Dr. Bard entered into investigations of responsibilities leave him little time for motion sickness through his membership recreational activities. He occasionally on the wartime Committee on Aviation finds time, however, to pursue an interest Medicine of the National Academy of on Motion Sickness and as a member of in certain aspects of American history, Sciences-National Research Council. He the Committee on Shock and Transfu- notably the Civil War and the events fol- says somewhat ruefully that they had sions, as well as a member of the postwar lowing in California, which have personal great success in curing motion sickness in Committee on Neurobiology. The latter interest for him. His maternal grandfather dogs, but since the procedure involved committee published in 1952 a survey founded the San Francisco Bulletin in the surgical removal of a portion of the cere- containing a review by Dr. Bard of the i85o's, and his father, on a postwar mis- bellum it was hardly useful for amphibi- status, trends, and needs of neurophysiol- sion to California in 1870, founded what ous or airborne landings. Recently Dr. ogy, which is still useful today. is now the town of Port Hueneme, where Bard has returned to an early interest in Dr. Bard was President of the American Dr. Bard was born, and organized the endocrine physiology, which many years Physiological Society from 1941 to 1946 drilling of the first successful oil well in ago had led him to enter the laboratory of and President of the Association for Re- California. Dr. Cannon. This is a logical development search in Nervous and Mental Disease in Dr. Bard is married to Harriet Hunt, from his interest in the hypothalamus, for 1950. He has been elected to numerous whom he had known as a child in Pasa- the hypothalamus is closely related to the distinguished scientific organizations, dena, California. They were married while pituitary, and the pituitary in turn is re- chief among which are the National Acad- he was an undergraduate at Princeton. lated to the regulation of the entire endo- emy of Sciences, the American Philosoph- This was most unusual in 1922 and could crine system. ical Society, and the Association of Amer- be done only with the approval of the After he received his Ph.D. degree, Dr. ican Physicians. Honorary degrees have Dean and the President. The necessary Bard remained with Cannon at Harvard been conferred on Dr. Bard by Princeton approvals were forthcoming, for the briefly as a Teaching Fellow and Instmc- University and Washington and Lee Uni- couple were hardly children. Dr. Bard had tor in Physiology. In 1928 he returned to versity, as well as the Catholic University already seen two years of service abroad Princeton as Assistant Professor of Biol- of Chile in Santiago and the University of with the U. S. Army Ambulance Service in ogy, and in 1931 he became Assistant San Marcos in Lima, Peru. He is also an World War I, and his fiancee was a grad- Professor of Physiology and Tutor in Med- Honorary Member of the Faculty of Bi- uate of Stanford University. The Bards ical Sciences in the Harvard School of ological and Medical Sciences in the Uni- now have two grown daughters. VISITING ANTHROPOLOGIST SHOWS are drawn, the root systems are always indifferently shown. This proves to be highly significant, and related to the basic DRAWINGS CLUE TO FORM OF CULTURE concept of property ownership among the Hanun60, the so-called "stem right." No "CAN THE SWDY of primitive cultures cases are skillful artists, the result is most one owns the land, or what is in it (in- help to disclose the ultimately human rewarding. The drawings are a continu- cluding roots), but an individual may own qualities of man?" asked one of the Insti- ing source for the study of the Hanun60 the stem of a plant which he has culti- tute's graduate students recently during view of things. It can very quickly be seen vated, purchased or inherited. He does an orientation seminar in anthropology. from what was omitted or treated very not necessarily own the "fruit rights," for Dr. Harold C. Conklin, Associate Profes- schematically what are regarded as the any member of his family may harvest the sor of Anthropology in Columbia Univer- significant characteristics. crop, and he may sell the privilege to sity and Visiting Lecturer in the Institute, The ability of the Hanun60 to draw is pthers. The major divisions of the local to whom the question was put, acknowl- related to another feature of their culture: taxonomy, therefore, are all based on fea- edged that this must be among the higher they are remarkably literate, and they tures of-the stems of plants rather than though perhaps distant aims of cultural write by incising in bamboo the forty- their leaves or fruit, and regardless of anthropology. His seminars showed how eight characters of their Indic script, de- how stylized or indistinct other features this could be so, for he gave many insights rived from the ancient ~anskritalphabet. may be in a drawing, the distinguishing into the variety of forms men's needs and Rarely do they cut representational draw- features of the stem are always detailed. aspirations may take. For example, the ings on their bamboo "tablets." The chief Among the Hanun60 Dr. Conklin also character and significance of the drawings function of their writing- is to record the found skillful modellers in clay. They pre- made by the hill people in the Philippines love songs which form an important part pared for him a detailed and generally show not only the universality of a sense of their rather formal courtship. It is ob- very accurate relief map of their neigh- of form and style but, also, on careful viously the young, therefore, who have boring vicinity in which he has discovered analysis, provide a key to the culturally the greatest interest in learning to write local distortions which are highly signifi- significant items in the local environment. and who thus give life to the script. The cant in terms of the form of the culture. On this page are shown three drawings identification of the bamboo plant in the He hopes to develop objective metrical of plants made by members of a remote picture at left below is written in the analysis of the distortions so that models mountain tribe on the island of Mindoro, Hanun60 script as an imaginative and art- of landscapes can be used in cultures the Hanun6o. Lovely for their delicacy ful extension of a shoot ffom the plant. whose economy is organized around water and form, they are the more remarkable for Closer examination of the drawings rights as effectively as drawings have been having been drawn entirely from memory shows that in contrast with the clarity and used in the "stem rights" economy of the by men who had first used paper and pen- precision with which the stems and leaves Hanunbo on the island of Mindoro. cil only a few weeks before. Dr. Conklin explained in his lectures Bamboo, arrow-grass, and rattan (left to right) drawn by Hanuno'o in the Philippines. how this came about and what signifi- Vague treatment of root systems contrasts significantly with the carefully detailed stems. cance it has. He had chosen to be dis- charged from the army in the Philippines in order to begin ethnographic field work on Mindoro in 194.7, and there he first met the Hanun6o. He returned in 1952 for eighteen months of study, in the course of which he discovered the natives' fasci- nation with paper and pencil. He was sur- prised by the dexterity and detail with which they drew from memory objects (primarily plants) which they knew well. Dr. Conklin surmised that though he knew the language, the natives' drawings might provide useful leads into culturally significant items that his interrogations and observations had missed. All available paper and drawing material was put at the natives' disposal and the four or five hundred drawings which resulted amply supported his conjecture. Because the Hanun60 are acute observers, have well- developed visual memories, and in many . . . w

lems in contemporary American philosophy. Professor Smith's lecture on Novem- I MISCELLANY 11 ber 8, 1961, was oriented toward ques- tions of general interest and on the morn- ,ing following he met informally with some '* Holiday Season Marked America before 1675. Dr. Bronk, a native of those in the audience who wished to of New York City himself, is a descendant pursue further some of the ideas he had by Social Occasions of the Bronck family which settled in what discussed. On December 4th, Dr. Erwin The Christmas season opened this year is now the Bronx and later in the upper Panofsky, historian of art in the Institute with a Christmas Ball on December 15th Hudson Valley during the first half of the for Advanced Study at Princeton, pre- at which the Graduate Students were 17th century. The gold medal of the So- sented the results of his investigations of hosts. Held in the recreation room of their ciety was presented to Dr. Bronk at the the puzzling murals in the Camera di residence hall, which the students and Society's 77th annual dinner for his con- - Sun Paolo at Parma, painted early in the their wives had elaborately ornamented tributions to science and the promotion sixteenth century by Correggio. Panof- for the occasion, the Ball featured music, of international relations. It had been sky's careful analysis of the baffling clas- dancing, and good fellowship for all. On awarded in 1929 to Theobald Smith, a sical pagan motifs in the drawing room of December 19th the children of those at member of The Rockefeller Institute. the famous abbey has disclosed a con- 4 the Institute were entertained at their an- sistent and bold scheme, carried out by nual Christmas party in Welch Hall. Presi- Recefitionfor New Members of Correggio, by which the abbess expressed dent and MR. Bronk were hosts at a Carol her defiance of papal discipline. the ~~~~ltyand N~'ew students Sing on December 20th in Welch Hall for faculty, students, staff, and friends of the A reception for new members of the Craig, Moore, and Stein Give Institute, followed by a tea.On New Year's faculty and new students has become a Third Christmas Lecture Series Day the Bronks held open house for those traditional event in the fall at the Institute. of the faculty and students who were in This year, on October egrd, nearly sixty The Rockefeller Institute's Christmas New York on that day. who had joined the faculty since the pre- Lectures for High School Students were vious fall were guests at a reception in given this year for the third successive sea- Welch Hall. The twenty new graduate stu- son to an audience of selected young peo- President Bronk Honored by dents for the academic year 1961-62 were ple from the public, private, and parochial . The Franklin Institute and also guests, and at an 'informal gathering schools in the New York mktropolitan Holland Society before the reception they had an oppor- area. Three lecturers from the Institute, tunity to meet the Trustees, who held their Professors Lyman Craig, Stanford Moore, - President Bronk received the Franklin fall meeting on the same day. and William Stein, collaborated to present Medal, highest honor of the Franklin Insti- a series of five lectures on the topic "Sepa- tute, on October 18th at the traditional Uhlenbeck Edits Studies in rating Things." They showed how the ev- Medal Day Dinner in Franklin Hall, Phil- stat&ical ~~~h~~i~~olution of more and more discriminating adelphia. He was also the principal speak- means for physical and chemical separa- er at the occasion, choosing as his topic Professor George Uhlenbeck is co-editor tion of materials has been of vital irnpor- "The Humane Qualities of Science," a sub- with Professor J. de Boer of the University tance to the growth of science and indus- ject particularly appropriate on a day hon- of Amsterdam of a new series of Studies try. In particular, the role of refined tech- oring Benjamin Franklin. The citation ac- in Statistical Mechanics to be published niques for separating biological substances - companying the medal noted that it was by the North-Holland Publishing Com- was emphasized, and the students were conferred in recognition of Dr. Bronk's pany in Amsterdam. The first volume, ap- given numerous examples and demonstra- "learned investigations of electrical and pearing in January, 1962, contains a con- tions of processes that are now widely used biochemical properties of nerves; for his tribution by Dr. Uhlenbeck and Dr. G. W. in research. The lectures were illustrated contributions to our understanding of the Ford of the University of Michigan on the with several color motion pictures pro- central and peripheral nerves; for the per- theory of linear graphs with applications duced at the Institute, and through the fection of his experimental techniques to the theory of the virial development of kindness of the Merck Sharp and Dohme which set an inspiring example for co- the properties of gases. Company a collection of beautiful color . workers; and for his scienac leadership in micrographs of numerous crystalline bio- i1 biophysics." Among former recipients of ~~~t~~~~in the ~~~~~iti~~logical materials was exhibited. 1 the medal are Thomas A. Edison, first re- The response of the students to the lec- L cipient, Albert Einstein, and Orville A series of afternoon lectures in the hu- tures was enthusiastic, and from a subse- L Wright. manities has been arranged for this aca- quent survey many specific and illuminat- On November 3rd Dr. Bronk was hon- demic year by professor Edelstein. The ing comments were obtained. Nearly 60% ored in New York by the Holland Society, first, given by Professor John E. Smith, of the students invited to the lectures re- composed of descendants in the male line Chairman of the Philosophy Department sponded to the questionnaire sent to them of residents in the Dutch Colonies in in Yale University, was a survey of prob- afterward. Almost without exception they [81 found the lectures to be inspiring and sat- Lambertson of the University of Pennsyl- which has been created by President isfying. Several wrote that their decision vania, have had an outstanding influence Bronk to provide scientific advice on the to enter science had been precipitated or in the formulation of this major national request of the President of the United confirmed by the lectures, and many said undertaking. States and the Congress, is a response by that they had been shown science in a new Now that the initial phases of the Space the Academy to the growing need for perspective. "I used to feel that each sub- Science Board program have been real- scientific guidance at the highest levels ject was an entity unto itself, but after ized and plans for the future formulated, of Government. attending these lectures I realize that all the Academy has announced a reorganiza- the sciences are greatly related," wrote tion of the Board, including resignation of du Noiiy Award Presented one student, and another added: "The lec- Professor Hartline so that he may devote at The Rockefeller Institute tures have made me more aware of the full time to teaching and research. complexities of science; therefore my The Pierre Lecomte du Noiiy American faith in science has been reaffirmed by the New Lecture Hall Available Foundation, established in 1954 in honor lectures and I am more determined than in South Laboratory of the French scientist, philosopher, and ever before to have a career in science." author, presented its 1961 award to Dr. Yet another wrote: "I used to think of With the increased scope in graduate Loren C. Eiseley at ceremonies in Welch science as a systematic and more or less education at the Institute, there has been Hall of The Rockefeller Institute on De- static body of knowledge. Now I recog- a growing need for confereice rooms and cember 13th. The late Lecomte du Noiiy nize it as a continuous and very personal lecture halls. During December, the new- was a member of the scientific staff of the attempt at understanding what exists." est and second largest of the lecture halls Institute with Alexis Carrel From 1920 to This year the Christmas Lectures, inau- has been completed at the west end of the 1928. Dr. Eiseley, University Professor of gurated at The Rockefeller Institute in second floor of the new laboratory. This Anthropology and the History of Science 1959 by Professor Ren6 Dubos, are be- hall, which seats approximately one hun- in the University of Pennsylvania, was coming national in scope through a grant dred, is notable for its lecture and dem- Sigma Xi lecturer at the Institute last yeaf. from the National Science Foundation to onstration facilities. the American Association for the Advance- Resident Architect Appointed ment of Science. Professor Paul Weiss, Institute Scientists in Tokyo last year's lecturer at the Institute, re- John I! Turner, from the staff of Harri- peated his lectures on "Living Form" be- During the third week in December, son and Abramovitz, has been appointed fore a student audience in San Francisco President Bronk was made an honorary Resident Architect at the Institute in order at Christmas time. Professor Dubos has citizen of Tokyo and presented with The to facilitate the rapid preparation of prelim- been asked by the AAAS to present his Key to the City by the Governor of the inary plans for new construction. Among lectures during the Easter vacation in Cin- Metropolis of Tokyo. An interesting fea- the initial undertakings in which Mr. cinnati this spring. ture of the event was the fact that Gover- Turner is engaged are plans for the Avery nor Azuma and Dr. Bronk were colleagues Memorial Gateway, a residential building Hartline Resigns from at one time when both were carrying on for the faculty, and a new unit of the Space Science Board research in muscle physiology in the lab- graduate students'dormitory. Mr.Turner is oratories of Professor A.V. Hill at Univer- working closely with the Institute's archi- During the months preceding the crea- sity College, London. tect, Wallace K. Harrison, and landscape tion of the National Aeronautics and The occasion for President Bronk's be- architect, Dan Kiley, who are evolving Space Administration, the National Acad- ing in Tokyo was the initial meeting of the plans for the future development of the emy of Sciences organized a Space Sci- joint United States - Japan Science Com- south half of the Institute campus. ence Board in order to foster and guide mittee inaugurated last year by President research in outer space. This Board, com- Kennedy and Prime Minister Ikeda in prising more than a dozen of the leading order to develop cooperative research un- Quotation scientists of the country, gave invaluable dertakings between the two countries. WILLIAM JAMES ON advice to the Government during the Trustee Robert E Loeb was also a member "PHILOSOPHY AND ITS CRITICS'* early days of NASA. Among the initial of the six-man American delegation. "To know the chief rival attitudes towards members of this Board, two represented life, as the history of human thinking has the life sciences: Professor H. Keffer Hart- Shope Appointed Member of developed them, and to have heard some line of the Institute and Professor S.S. of the reasons they can give for them- Stevens of Harvard. During the succeed- Academy Committee on selves, ought to be considered an essential ing years in which the Space Science Government Relations part of liberal education. Philosophy, in- Board has played an increasingly impor- deed, in one sense of the term is only a tant role in defining the scientific objec- Dr. Richard E. Shope has been ap- compendious name for the spirit in educa- tives of NASA, Professor Hartline, with pointed a member of the Committee on tion which the word 'college' stands for in Professor Lederberg of Stanford, Profes- Government Relations of the National America." sor Pittendrigh of Princeton, and Professor Academy of Sciences. This Committee, From Some P~oblemsof Philosophy, 1911 GEORGE E. PALADE Saturday Scientific Program, Columbia University, Institute of FACULTY ACTIVITIES Cancer Research, Deldeld Hospital. FLOYD RATLIFF Zoological Journal Club, Yale University.

HOWARD A. SCHNEIDER Academic Honors Enzyme Clubs of the University of North Carolina, North Carolina State College and Duke University at Raleigh. RENE DUBOS Doctor of Humane Letters, Yeshiva University. ROBERT L. SCHOENFELD IRE-AIEE Lecture Series, New York.

PHILIP SIEKEVITZ Awards Institute of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut.

LOUIS E. SILTZBACH UETLEV W. BRONK The Franklin Medal of the Franklin Institute. House Officers Association, Boston City Hospital. The Holland Society of New York Gold Medal. Attending and House Staff, St. Luke's Hospital, New York. EDWARD L. TATUM ~ksearchand Development Section, Pharmaceutical Manufac- Academic Appointments turers Association,~ColoradoSprings. Research Society, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn. RENE DUBOS Visiting Professor, University of Florida. DONALD D. VAN SLYKE Dedication Address, Dedication of Nuclear Reactor of the Re- public of China at Taipeh, Taiwan. 1 Addresses and Lectures International Medical Society, Taipeh, Taiwan.

PAUL WEISS ARMIN C. BRAUN Graduate Convocation Address, the University of Texas, Austin. University of Connecticut Evening Biology Lecture Series. AAAS 1961 Holiday Science Lectures, California Academy of University of Pittsburgh. Sciences. i DETLBVW. BRONK MAX WOODBURY 50th Anniversary, the Ohio State University Graduate School. 'Brown University Computer Laboratories, Providence. Dedication Address, Monsanto Chemical Company Research Center. VLADIMIR K. ZWORYKIN ENIAC-Celebration Dinner, University of Pennsylvania. University of Bologna, Italy. Centennial Convocation of Land-Grant Colleges and State Uni- Northeast Electronic Research and Engineering Meeting, versities. Boston.

, VERNONB. BROOKS 1 Tulane University Medical School. Participation in Conferences and Symposia -- Geigy Research Institute. EDWARD H. AHRENS, JR. RENE DUBOS Symposium on Lipid Metabolism and Diabetes, Brook Lodge, Baker Lecture, National ~ssociationfor Mental Health Annual Michigan. Meeting, Miami. International Conference on Diet, Serum Lipids and Athero- University of Maryland International Health Lecture Series. sclerosis, Nutrition Foundation, Rye, New York. 1 SAM GRANICK Washington State Heart Association, 13th Annual Symposium Brandeis University. on Heart Disease, Seattle. Dartmouth College. EDWIN L. BIERMAN JULES HIRSCH Symposium on Lipid Metabolism and Diabetes, Brook Lodge, : Brooklyn Society of Internal Medicine. Michigan. L

DANIEL E. KOSHLAND, JRi VERNON B. BROOKS University of California Medical School, San Francisco. International Neurophysiological Symposium on the Physio- logical Basis of Mental Activity, Mexico City. FRITZ LIPMANN Vatican Academy of Sciences, Rome. ARPAD I. CSAPO Symposium on Vascular Smooth Muscle, National ~cadek~of DAVID C. MAUZERALL Sciences-National Research Council. Dartmouth College. RENEDUBOS . MACLYN MCCARTY National Association for Mental Health Arinual Meeting, Miami. J. Howard Mueller Memorial Lecture, Harvard University Conference on Medicine and Anthropology, Arden House, Medical School. Harriman, New York. - HANS J. EGGERS GEORGE E. PALADE Symposium on Chemical Control, 53rd Annual Meeting, Amer- Member of Council, Electron Microscope Society of America. ican Phytopathological Society, Biloxi, Mississippi. Member of Council, American Society for Cell Biology.

RICHARD M. FRANKLIN PHILIP SIEKEVITZ Meeting on Tissue Culture and Cell Biology Training Prob- Member of Council, American Society for Cell Biology. lems, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda. NORMAN R. STOLL

JULES HIRSCH Fellow, The New York Academy of Sciences. Delegate, Council on Arteriosclerosis, 15th Annual Meeting, DOhTALD D. VAN SLYKE American Heart Association, Miami. Honorary Member, Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Italy. Food Forum, Grocery Manufacturers of America. Honorary Member, ~sterreichischeGesellschaft fiir Mikro- chemie. ROLLIN D. HOTCHKISS Josiah Macy Foundation Conference on Genetics, Princeton. PAUL WEISS Symposium, American Society for Cell Biology, Chicago. Member of Council, American Society for Cell Biology.

DANIEL E. KOSHLAND, JR. Symposium on Enzymes, Annual Meeting of British Biophysi- Other Elections and Appointments cal Society, Royal Institution, London. ALEXANDER G. BEARN FRITZ LIPMANN Chairman, Symposium on Biochemical Mechanisms in Lipid Co-editor, Progress in Medical Genetics. Synthesis, Robert A. Welch Foundation Conference, Consultant, Genetics Training Committee, Division of General Houston. Medical Sciences, U.S. Public Health Service. DETLEV W. BRONK HANS J. MULLER-EBERHARD Second International Symposium on Immunopathology, Brook Honorary Vice President, the International Benjamin Franklin Lodge, Michigan. Society. Member, Operations Research Society of America. GEORGE E. PALADE Member, Joint U.S.-Japan Committee on Scientific Symposium of the American Society for Cell Biology, Chicago. Cooperation. Member, U.S. Public Advisory Panel to the United Nations HOWARD A. SCHNEIDER Conference on the Application of Science and Technology 1961 Cornell Nutrition Conference, Buffalo. to the Less Developed Countries. Discussion Leader, Biomedical Engineering Conference, Uni- Member, Advisory Committee of the International Section of versity of Nebraska. the Program of Continuation Education, Columbia NORMAN R. STOLL University. Symposium on Intestinal Parasitism, Congreso Latinoameri- Member, Honorary Degree Committee of the university of can0 de Microbiologia, San JosC, Costa Rica. Pennsylvania.

DONAL~D. VAN SLYKE FRITZ LIPMANN International Congress of Microchemistry, Pennsylvania State Member, Scientific Advisory Council, Massachusetts General University. Hospital. National Science Week, Manila, Republic of the Philippines. MARIA A. RUDZINSKA PAUL WEISS Member, Advisory Board, Biological Research Committee, Introductory Lecture, Welch Foundation Conference, Houston. Gerontological Society. Conference on Development, Harvard Medical School, Endi- cott House, Ipswich, Massachusetts. PAUL WEISS Member, International Advisory Board, L'Annde Biologique. MAX WOODBURY 89th Annual Meeting of the American Public Health Associa- tion, Detroit. Jkw Appointments to the Faculty

ALLEN T. ANSE VIN,Research Associate with Professor Craig. Society Elections Formerly Research Assistant in the University of Pittsburgh.

HIROSHI ASANUMA,Guest Investigator with Associate Pro- M. A. ATAMER Member, American Society of Hematology. fessor Brooks. Rockefeller Foundation Fellow on leave from Osaka City University Medical School in Japan, where he is ROLLIN D. HOTCHKISS a Lecturer. Member of Council, American Society for Cell Biology. LARS INGEMAR BERGGARD,Guest Investigatorand Assistant ALEXANDER G. BEARN Physician with Associate Professor Beam. Formerly Research Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science. Associate at the Institute of Medical Chemistry, University of Uppsala, Sweden. DANIEL E. KOSHLAND,JR. Member, Executive Committee, Biological Chemistry Division, u LR ICH G E R L A c H, Guest Investigator with Professor Lip- American Chemical Society. mann. On leave from the University of Miinster, Germany. FACULTY ACTIVITIES continuedfrompageeleven ROBIN E . MONRO,Research Associate, left at the end of No- vember to return to England where he will be at the Labo- ratory for Molecular Biology at the Post-Graduate Medical School in Cambridge. WILLIAM T. HALL,Guest Investigator with Associate Profes- sor Moore. United States Public Health Service Fellow; from ROSS B. PRINGLE,Assistant Professor, resigned at the end of Fordham University. November to accept a position as Head of the Chemistry Department at the National Plant Research Institute in F R A NZ J AI s L E, Research Associate with Associate Professor Csapo. On leave from the University of Wurzburg, Germany, Ottawa. where he is a Research Associate. BRUCE I. H. SCOTT,Guest Investigator, left at the end of December to return to the University of Tasmania where he ZEL JK o KUC AN,Guest Investigator with Professor Lipmann. is Senior Lecturer. International Atomic Energy Agency Fellow; Assistant, De- partment of Radiobiology, Rudjer Bo3kovid Institute, Zagreb, GUMPEI URATA,Research Associate, left in December to re- Yugoslavia. turn to the Institute of Public Health in Tokyo.

VIRGINIA LITTAU,Research Associate with Professor Mirsky. BEVERLY WOLF,Research Associate, resigned at the begin- Formerly Guest Investigator. ning of December to go to the Biological Laboratories at Harvard University. JA ME s o F E N GA ND,Research Associate with Professor Lip- mann. Formerly Visiting Research Fellow of the National F. CARLYLE WOOD,Research Associate, left in October to re- Science Foundation in the Medical Research Council Unit turn to the Queen Charlotte Maternity Hospital in London. of Molecular Biology at Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge.

HENRYK PANUSZ,Guest Investigator with Professor Mirsky. Guest Speakers Rockefeller Foundation Fellow; on leave from the Academy of Medicine, Lodz, Poland, where he is Senior Assistant in MARCEL A. BALUDA,City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, the Department of Physiological Chemistry. California. MARCEL BE SSIS, National Blood Transfusion Center, Paris. JOSEPH V. PRIMOSIGH,Research Associate with Professor McMaster. Formerly Research Associate, Max-Planck-Institut CHRISTIAN DE DUVE,Catholic University of Louvain. fur Biologie, Tiibingen, Gemany. s. R. DE GROOT,University of Leiden. MORRIS SCHREIBER,Lecturer. Assistant Professor of Mathe- A. DICKINSON,Animal Breeding Research Organization, matics on leave from Cornell University as Research Asso- Edinburgh, Scotland. ciate in the Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University. TH. DOB ZHANSKY,Columbia University. ANDRE w M. GLEASON,Harvard University. HOWARD RASMUSSEN,Affiliate. Formerly Assistant Professor in Endocrine Physiology. He is Associate Professor in the STERLING B. HENDRICKS,U. S. Department of Agriculture. University of Wisconsin. MOLLIE HO LMAN,Melbourne University, Australia.

MAR I A TOM AS Z, Research Associate with Associate Professor WILLIAM P. JENCKS,Brandeis University. Pelletier. From Columbia University. AHARON KATCHALSKY-KATZIR,The Weizmann Institute of TSUNEO TOMITA,Visiting Professor. Professor of Physiology, Science. Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo. MARIAN KOSHLAND,Brookhaven National Laboratory.

GUIDO MA JNO,Harvard Medical School. Departures from the Faculty JERROLD MEINWALD,Cornell University.

MURIEL M. ANDREWS,Research Associate, left in October to HAROLD MOROWITZ,Yale University. return to her position with the Medical Research Council LEONARD ORNSTE IN, Mount Sinai Hospital , New York. Chemotherapy Department at Western Infirmary, Glasgow. ERWIN PANOFSKY,Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton. R o B E RT M. FAUVE,Research Associate, resigned in October to return to the Pasteur Institute in France. HERMAN PASS OW,Hamburg University Institute of Physiology. J. ALLEN HOLT,Research Associate, left at the end of Decem- ber to accept a position in the Chemistry Department of PETER PER L MANN, the Wenner-Gren Institute for Oklahoma Baptist University, Shawnee. Experimental Biology, Stockholm.

BYR o N LANE,Research Associate, resigned in November to COLIN S. PITTENDRIGH,Princeton University. accept a position as Assistant Professor of Biochemistry in PAUL VON R. SCHLEYER,Princeton University. the University of Alberta, Canada. GUNTHER s IE BERT,Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz. THOMAS A. LANGAN,Guest Investigator, left at the end of JOHN E. SMITH,Yale University. October to go to the Wenner-Gren Institute at the Univer- sity of Stockholm. E. J. WATSON-WILLIAMS,University College, Ibadan, Nigeria.

TAPANI LUUKKAINEN,Research Associate and formerly R. K. ZAHN,University of Frankfurt. Guest Investigator, left early in October to return to Finland CHRISTOPHER ZEEMAN,University of Cambridge and The where he is associated with the University of Helsinki. Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton.