A Recently Discovered Portolan Chart the Oldest Map of Monaco? the Map Afternoon 2017 Excursion to the Hague - Visiting the VOC Archives
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Burchard of Mount Sion and the Holy Land
Peregrinations: Journal of Medieval Art and Architecture Volume 4 Issue 1 5-41 2013 Burchard of Mount Sion and the Holy Land Ingrid Baumgärtner Universität Kassel Follow this and additional works at: https://digital.kenyon.edu/perejournal Part of the Ancient, Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Art and Architecture Commons Recommended Citation Baumgärtner, Ingrid. "Burchard of Mount Sion and the Holy Land." Peregrinations: Journal of Medieval Art and Architecture 4, 1 (2013): 5-41. https://digital.kenyon.edu/perejournal/vol4/iss1/2 This Feature Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Art History at Digital Kenyon: Research, Scholarship, and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Peregrinations: Journal of Medieval Art and Architecture by an authorized editor of Digital Kenyon: Research, Scholarship, and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Baumgärtner ___________________________________________________________________________ Burchard of Mount Sion and the Holy Land By Ingrid Baumgärtner, Universität Kassel The Holy Land has always played an important role in the imagination of the Latin Christian Middle Ages. As a multi-functional contact zone between Europe and Asia, it served as a region of diverse interactions between the three Abrahamic religions, was a destination for pilgrims, and a place where many disputes over territory took place. The armed crusades of 1099 by the Latin Christians led to the formation of the crusader states, which fell again after the final loss of Jerusalem in 1244 and the fall of Acre in 1291 to the Mamluk sultan al-Ashraf Khalil. Seizures and loss of territory resulted in the production of hundreds of travel and crusade accounts, as well as some of the first 1 regional maps created in Europe for precisely this part of the world. -
Medieval Portolan Charts As Documents of Shared Cultural Spaces
SONJA BRENTJES Medieval Portolan Charts as Documents of Shared Cultural Spaces The appearance of knowledge in one culture that was created in another culture is often understood conceptually as »transfer« or »transmission« of knowledge between those two cultures. In the field of history of science in Islamic societies, research prac- tice has focused almost exclusively on the study of texts or instruments and their trans- lations. Very few other aspects of a successful integration of knowledge have been studied as parts of transfer or transmission, among them processes such as patronage and local cooperation1. Moreover, the concept of transfer or transmission itself has primarily been understood as generating complete texts or instruments that were more or less faithfully expressed in the new host language in the same way as in the origi- nal2. The manifold reasons (beyond philological issues) for transforming knowledge of a foreign culture into something different have not usually been considered, although such an approach would enrich the conceptualization of the cross-cultural mobility of knowledge. In this paper, I will examine the cross-cultural presence of knowledge in a different manner, studying works of a specific group of people who created, copied, and modified culturally mixed objects of knowledge. My focus will be on Italian and Catalan charts and atlases of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, partly because the earliest of them are the oldest extant specimens of the genre and partly because they seem to be the richest, most diverse charts of all those extant from the Mediterranean region3. In addition, I have relied on the twelfth- century »Liber de existencia riveriarum et forma maris nostris Mediterranei«, a Latin 1 Charles BURNETT, Literal Translation and Intelligent Adaptation amongst the Arabic–Latin Translators of the First Half of the Twelfth Century, in: Biancamaria SCARCIA AMORETTI (ed.), La diffusione delle scienze islamiche nel Medio Evo Europeo, Rome 1987, p. -
Dead Reckoning and Magnetic Declination: Unveiling the Mystery of Portolan Charts
Joaquim Alves Gaspar * Dead reckoning and magnetic declination: unveiling the mystery of portolan charts Keywords : medieval charts; cartometric analysis; history of cartography; map projections of old charts; portolan charts Summary For more than two centuries much has been written about the origin and method of con- struction of the Mediterranean portolan charts; still these matters continue to be the object of some controversy as no one explanation was able to gather unanimous agreement among researchers. If some theory seems to prevail, that is certainly the one asserting the medieval origin of the portolan chart, which would have followed the introduction of the marine compass in the Mediterranean, when the pilots start to plot the magnetic directions and es- timated distances between ports observed at sea. In the research here presented a numerical model which simulates the construction of the old portolan charts is tested. This model was developed in the light of the navigational methods available at the time, taking into account the spatial distribution of the magnetic declination in the Mediterranean, as estimated by a geomagnetic model based on paleomagnetic data. The results are then compared with two extant charts using cartometric analysis techniques. It is concluded that this type of meth- odology might contribute to a better understanding of the geometry and methods of con- struction of the portolan charts. Also, the good agreement between the geometry of the ana- lysed charts and the model’s results clearly supports the a-priori assumptions on their meth- od of construction. Introduction The medieval portolan chart has been considered as a unique achievement in the history of maps and marine navigation, and its appearance one of the most representative turn- ing points in the development of nautical cartography. -
FROM the PORTOLAN CHART to the LATITUDE CHART the Silent Cartographic Revolution
FROM THE PORTOLAN CHART TO THE LATITUDE CHART The silent cartographic revolution by Joaquim Alves Gaspar Centro Interuniversitário de História das Ciências e da Tecnologia Pólo Universidade de Lisboa faculdade de Ciências Campo Grande 1759-016 Lisboa Portugal [email protected] This paper explains how, following the introduction of astronomical navigation, the transition between the por - tolan-type chart of the mediterranean and the latitude chart of the Atlantic was facilitated by the small values of the magnetic declination occurring in western Europe during the Renaissance. The results of two prelimi - nary cartometric studies of a sample of charts of the sixteenth century are presented, focused on the latitude accuracy in the representation of northern Europe and on the evolution of the longitudinal width of the mediterranean and Africa. Cet article explique comment, après l’apparition de la navigation astronomique, la transition entre la carte- portulan caractéristique de la méditerranée et la carte avec latitude de l’océan Atlantique a été facilitée par la faiblesse de la déclinaison magnétique en Europe occidentale, à la Renaissance. Les résultats de deux études cartographiques antérieures sont appliqués à un échantillon de cartes du XVI e siècle, en centrant le propos sur la précision des latitudes des pays de l’Europe de nord et sur l’étendue longitudinale de la méditerranée et de l’Afrique. 1 Introduction respect: that it was much easier to go than to come back, due to the action of those same elements. In 1434, after thirteen years during which there were several frustrated attempts involving various At the time Cape Bojador was first rounded by the pilots in the service of Prince Henry of Portugal, Gil Portuguese, the ships used in the voyages of explo - Eanes finally succeeded in rounding Cape Bojador. -
Analysing Mapanalyst and Its Application to Portolan Charts
e-Perimetron, Vol. 13, No. 3, 2018 [121-140] www.e-perimetron.org | ISSN 1790-3769 Roel Nicolai ∗ Analysing MapAnalyst and its application to portolan charts Keywords: Cartometric analysis, distortion grid, MapAnalyst, map accuracy, map projection, portolan chart Summary: The objective of this paper is to demonstrate that the distortion grid generated by Ma- pAnalyst, a free software package for the cartometric analysis of historical maps, should be com- puted and interpreted judiciously and not be seen as revealing the immutable structure of implicit parallels and meridians of the map. Awareness of the limitations as well as the capabilities of this software tool is essential. This paper explains the processing method of MapAnalyst and demon- strates in what way this imposes limitations on the analysis of portolan charts. The paper con- cludes with recommendations on how MapAnalyst can be successfully applied to the analysis of portolan charts and demonstrates this with an example analysis. Introduction It is some 120 years ago now that the German geographer Hermann Wagner introduced the cartomet- ric method in the context of research into portolan charts. Wagner proposed to take measurements on a portolan chart in order to establish indisputable facts about that chart that would allow hypotheses to be tested, thus preventing a sequence of “indefinite suppositions” (Wagner 1896, p 695 (476)). He suggests two broad methods: 1. measurement of distances between points on a historical map, comparing those with modern reference values; 2. generation of a graticule of meridians and parallels from the geographic features displayed on the map. Computers were not available in Wagner’s time and therefore cartometric analysis in principle has nothing to do with computers. -
Antiquariat Daša Pahor
Milano Map MOSTRA DEL LIBRO Fair E DELLA STAMPA ANTICA CARTA ANTICA a MILANO CATALOGO Antiquariat Daša Pahor Milano - 27 febbraio 2016 Antiquariat Daša Pahor Jakob-Klar-Straße 12 80796 München, Germania Tel: +49 89 27372352 - Fax: +49 89 27372352 [email protected] - www.pahor.de SPAIN - BALEARIC ISLANDS / FINE POLISH PRINTING: KRÓTKIE ALE FUNDAMENTALNE OPISANIE BALEARYJSKICH I PYTHYUZYJSKICH WYSP MAJORCA, MINORCA, IVICA I FORMENTERA Z DOWODNIEYSZYCH I NOWSZYCH RELACYI ZEBRANE I DO DRUKOWANIA Z NIEMIECKIEGO. Extremely rare – a lovely gem that represents the first detailed description of the Balearic Islands in Polish, issued in the wake of the Fall of Minorca (1756), by the Jesuit Press of Warsaw, including a fine sheet of maps engraved by Bartłomiej Strachowski. Author: JESUIT PRESS, WARSAW [DRUKARNIA JEZUICKA, WARSZAWA]. Place and Year: Warsaw: [Jesuit Press], 1756. Technique: Code: 63305 Octavo (17.5 x 11 cm / 6.9 x 4.3 inches): 8, 72, 1 folding plate of maps (30 x 45.5 cm / 11.8 x 17.9 inches) – Collation Complete, bound in contemporary half calf with marbled boards (Very Good, internally bright and clean, main title with paper in blank space below text carved out and replaced with a patch (an old alteration) in order to supposedly remove stamp, just grazing a few letters but otherwise no loss, map with excellent original hand colour with one small tear with old repairs at hinge just entering image, binding with some splitting at head and tail and minor shelf wear but overall good and firm). 2.800 EUR CHRISTIAAN HUYGENS: C. HUYGENS. Author: After Bartholomeus van der Helst (circa 1613 - 1670) ?. -
Early & Rare World Maps, Atlases & Rare Books
19219a_cover.qxp:Layout 1 5/10/11 12:48 AM Page 1 EARLY & RARE WORLD MAPS, ATLASES & RARE BOOKS Mainly from a Private Collection MARTAYAN LAN CATALOGUE 70 EAST 55TH STREET • NEW YORK, NEW YORK 10022 45 To Order or Inquire: Telephone: 800-423-3741 or 212-308-0018 Fax: 212-308-0074 E-Mail: [email protected] Website: www.martayanlan.com Gallery Hours: Monday through Friday 9:30 to 5:30 Saturday and Evening Hours by Appointment. We welcome any questions you might have regarding items in the catalogue. Please let us know of specific items you are seeking. We are also happy to discuss with you any aspect of map collecting. Robert Augustyn Richard Lan Seyla Martayan James Roy Terms of Sale: All items are sent subject to approval and can be returned for any reason within a week of receipt. All items are original engrav- ings, woodcuts or manuscripts and guaranteed as described. New York State residents add 8.875 % sales tax. Personal checks, Visa, MasterCard, American Express, and wire transfers are accepted. To receive periodic updates of recent acquisitions, please contact us or register on our website. Catalogue 45 Important World Maps, Atlases & Geographic Books Mainly from a Private Collection the heron tower 70 east 55th street new york, new york 10022 Contents Item 1. Isidore of Seville, 1472 p. 4 Item 2. C. Ptolemy, 1478 p. 7 Item 3. Pomponius Mela, 1482 p. 9 Item 4. Mer des hystoires, 1491 p. 11 Item 5. H. Schedel, 1493, Nuremberg Chronicle p. 14 Item 6. Bergomensis, 1502, Supplementum Chronicum p. -
Works of Augustus Toplady
THE WORKS OF AUGUSTUS TOPLADY VOLUME 1 THE WORKS OF AUGUSTUS M. TOPLADY, A.B. LATE VICAR OF BROAD HEMBURY, DEVON. _____________________________________ NEW EDITION, WITH AN ENLARGED MEMOIR OF THE AUTHOR _____________________________________ IN SIX VOLUMES ____________ VOL. 1 ____________ LONDON: PRINTED FOR WILLIAM BAYNES AND SON, PATERNOSTER ROW; AND H. S. BAYNES, EDINBURGH ___________ 1825 As Published By Grace-eBooks.com 2015 Book I - Works of Augustus Toplady Memoirs MEMOIRS OF THE REV. AUGUSTUS MONTAGUE TOPLADY, A. B. ON perusing the pages of biography, we find therein delineated the achievements of various persons exhibited to the world, according to the caprice and mutability of human opinion. But when we turn our views to the infallible leaves of inspiration, we discover a just discrimination of characters, with that mark of distinction stamped upon them from heaven, that stands in everlasting force, and admits of no exception. According to Scripture testimony, the righteous and the wicked are the only two classes that mankind are divided into; whatever becomes of the ungodly, the sacred records inform us, that it shall be well respecting the present and eternal prosperity of believers. For, "the foundation of the Lord," or his immoveable purpose respecting his people, "standeth sure, having this seal," this authentic and inviolable sanction, "The Lord knoweth," the Lord loves, and will ever continue to take care of, "them that are his." We have many striking illustrations of the wonderful preservations experienced by the worthies of the Old and New Testaments, their whole history presents us with little else but a continued chain of miraculous providences. -
Why the Artificial Shapes for the Smaller Islands on the Portolan Charts (1330-1600) Help to Clarify Their Navigational Use
WHY THE ARTIFICIAL SHAPES FOR THE SMALLER ISLANDS ON THE PORTOLAN CHARTS (1330-1600) HELP TO CLARIFY THEIR NAVIGATIONAL USE by Tony Campbell 76 ockendon Road London n1 3nW UK [email protected] Portolan charts have been studied for more than a century and a half, and intensively so in recent years. Yet several basic questions remain unanswered; indeed, some have never been asked. A detailed inves - tigation, focusing in particular on the place-names, and the shapes of the medium and small islands, has been carried out over the past few years. This has made possible a new understanding of the charts’ development and a fresh explanation of both their purpose and longevity. Portolan charts contain an unex - pected mixture of surprising geometric accuracy and apparently frivolous invention. Their toponymy was static enough to include in 1600 three-quarters of the names that can be seen 300 years earlier. Yet at the same time they were dynamic enough to introduce many hundreds of new, and subsequently repeated, names over that period, and to discard hundreds of others. It will be demonstrated that the portolan charts - leaving aside their land-based roles as decorative mercantile or prestige objects - were an essential tool for sailors. Their uneven ‘accuracy’ can be explained in terms of three distinct shipboard uses: first, when on a long sea passage out of sight of land, second, when working from headland to headland along a coast, and third, when picking a way through an archipelago - particularly those in the Aegean Sea. The strange, clearly unnatural shapes given to many of the small and medium-sized islands, especially in the Aegean, have been barely noticed by previous commentators. -
The History of Slavery Covers Slave Systems in Historical Perspective In
The history of slavery covers slave systems in historical perspective in which one human being is legally the property of another, can be bought or sold, is not allowed to escape and must work for the owner without any choice involved. As Drescher (2009) argues, "The most crucial and frequently utilized aspect of the condition is a communally recognized right by some individuals to possess, buy, sell, discipline, transport, liberate, or otherwise dispose of the bodies and behavior of other individuals."[1] An integral element is that children of a slave mother automatically become slaves.[2] It does not include historical forced labor by prisoners, labor camps, or other forms of unfree labor in which laborers are not considered property. Slavery can be traced back to the earliest records, such as the Code of Hammurabi (c. 1760 BC), which refers to it as an established institution.[3] Slavery is rare among hunter-gatherer populations as slavery depends on a system of social stratification. Slavery typically also requires a shortage of labor and a surplus of land to be viable.[4] David P. Forsythe wrote: "The fact remained that at the beginning of the nineteenth century an estimated three-quarters of all people alive were trapped in bondage against their will either in some form of slavery or serfdom."[5] Slavery is no longer legal anywhere in the world.[6] Mauritania abolished it in law in 1981[7] and was the last country to do so – see Abolition of slavery timeline. However, the number of slaves today is higher than at any point in history,[8] -
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ChCATA/1; THE 1375 ATLAS, KNOWN AS CATALAN WHAT HAS BEEN MISSED IN OTHER RESEARCH? ABSTRACT Commencing with an in depth study of the actual draughtsmanship to explore the hidden features, the text then investigates the donor charts which allowed it to be drawn, much of which has been known for over 100 years, and finally shows that it is the latest manifestation of the “mappa mundi” genre which are usually drawn as circular charts. The text is 10, A4 pages and contains 21, A4 (A3) diagrams ChCATA/1; THE 1375 ATLAS, KNOWN AS CATALAN WHAT HAS BEEN MISSED IN OTHER RESEARCH? INTRODUCTION Diagram ChCATA/1/D1 This beautiful atlas has been investigated and written about for over 100 years and with multiple descriptions of its pictorial content available, this text will only cursorily touch on that subject as it is primarily a technical paper concerned with the inner workings of the actual draughtsmanship and what it can tell us about not only the competence of the author but the information available c1370/1375. Perhaps those who do not know the historical background and the pictorial contents meaning I suggest they use the following text from BnF Paris; http://archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cc78545v The pertinent information to explain the existence of the Atlas is as follows; basically the Crown of Aragon, King Pedro IV (1336-1387) requested the production of this Atlas so that it could be presented to his cousin, the Crown of France, King Charles V (1364-1380), and it was despatched between 1376 and 1378 to France, certainly arriving before 1380. -
MARINE SPATIAL PLANNING in the ARCTIC: a First Step Toward Ecosystem-Based Management
PART TWO MARINE SPATIAL PLANNING IN THE ARCTIC: A first step toward ecosystem-based management A technical report of the Aspen Institute Dialogue and Commission on Arctic Climate Change Prepared by Charles N. Ehler, Ocean Visions This technical report of the Aspen Institute’s Dialogue and Commission on Arctic Climate Change was commissioned by the Aspen Institute on behalf of the Commission. The views expressed in this report are those of the author, Charles N. Ehler, and do not necessarily represent the views of the Aspen Institute or any individual member of the Commission. All efforts have been made to ensure accuracy of this report, but the author is ultimately responsible for all inaccuracies in this report. Executive Summary Driven by outside economic forces and the effects of climate change, the Arctic, its ecosystems, and its people are faced with substantial change ranging from the loss of ice-dependent species, more intense uses of the Arctic resources, including space, and the loss of natural services provides by Arctic ecosystems. International and national interests in mitigating and adapting to these changes has led to increased calls to manage human activities through an ecosystem-based approach. Marine spatial planning has emerged as an operational approach to translate this concept into management practice in many marine areas around the world. Marine spatial planning is a public process of analyzing and allocating the spatial and temporal distribution of human activities to specific marine areas to achieve ecological, economic, and social goals and objectives that are specified through a political process. MSP is integrated, future-oriented, participatory, adaptive, ecosystem-based, and area-based.