Medieval Portolan Charts As Documents of Shared Cultural Spaces
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The Development of Maritime Hydrography and Methods of Navigation
THE DEVELOPMENT OF MARITIME HYDROGRAPHY AND METHODS OF NAVIGATION Lecture delivered by H enri BENCKER,on April 5th 1943. The “ Société des Conférences de iMonaco ” has kindly done me the honour to call upon me to treat before you a subject which is possibly a little dry although dealing with things of the sea, viz. the development of maritime hydrography and methods of navigation. I am all the more willing to fulfil this mission as we are indebted to the generosity of the Princely Government for the foundation and upkeep, since the year 1921, of a special Institute, situated in the Principaliiy and entrusted with the co-ordination of all questions relating to the world's hydrography. But, first of all, what is meant by “ hydrography ” ? It is customary to designate under this heading that branch of geographical science dealing with the regimen of current or stable waters which is peculiar to a given continental area. But from the stand point which concerns us, maritime hydrography is really the art of compiling charts and drawing up documents for the use of mariners with regard to the safety of their navigation and in view of ensuring the proper steering of their ships in all navigable parts, including oceans, seas and adjacent coastal zones. It includes the carrying out of necessary maritime surveys for the security of navigation viz. : coastal triangulation and shore topography measurements, the taking of soundings and sea depths, the description of coastlines, the study of tides and sea-currents. Its aim is to publish in an appropriate form for the use of navigators all data relating to the correct configuratiotf of navigable regions and all nautical information which may be of service to them. -
The Apologetics of Tertullian by John
Identity and Religion in Roman North Africa: the apologetics of Tertullian by John Elmer P. Abad A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctorate of Philosophy Graduate Department of Classics University of Toronto @ copyright by John Elmer Abad (2018) John Elmer Abad Doctor of Philosophy Department of Classics University of Toronto 2018 Abstract This dissertation examines the strategies employed by Tertullian in the construction and articulation of Christian identity in the pluralistic Roman North African society. The focus will be the apologetic works of Tertullian, the Ad Martyras, the Ad Nationes and the Apologeticum written around 197 A.D. Popular biases against Christians, the Romanizing tendencies of local elites in North Africa, the marginalization of sub-elites, the influence of cultural and intellectual revolution known as the Second Sophistic Movement, and the political ideologies and propaganda of emperor Septimius Severus – all these influenced Tertullian’s attempt to construct and articulate a Christian identity capable of engaging the ever changing socio- political landscape of North African at the dawn of the third century A.D. I shall examine select areas in antiquity where identities were explored, contested and projected namely, socio- cultural, religious, and political. I have identified four spheres which I refer to as “sites” of identity construction, namely paideia, the individual, community and “religion”. Chapter One provides a brief survey of the various contexts of Tertullian’s literary production. It includes a short description of the socio-political landscape during the reign of Emperor Septimius Severus, a brief history of Christianity in Roman North Africa, an introduction to the person of Tertullian, and his place within the “apologetic” tradition. -
Burchard of Mount Sion and the Holy Land
Peregrinations: Journal of Medieval Art and Architecture Volume 4 Issue 1 5-41 2013 Burchard of Mount Sion and the Holy Land Ingrid Baumgärtner Universität Kassel Follow this and additional works at: https://digital.kenyon.edu/perejournal Part of the Ancient, Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Art and Architecture Commons Recommended Citation Baumgärtner, Ingrid. "Burchard of Mount Sion and the Holy Land." Peregrinations: Journal of Medieval Art and Architecture 4, 1 (2013): 5-41. https://digital.kenyon.edu/perejournal/vol4/iss1/2 This Feature Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Art History at Digital Kenyon: Research, Scholarship, and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Peregrinations: Journal of Medieval Art and Architecture by an authorized editor of Digital Kenyon: Research, Scholarship, and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Baumgärtner ___________________________________________________________________________ Burchard of Mount Sion and the Holy Land By Ingrid Baumgärtner, Universität Kassel The Holy Land has always played an important role in the imagination of the Latin Christian Middle Ages. As a multi-functional contact zone between Europe and Asia, it served as a region of diverse interactions between the three Abrahamic religions, was a destination for pilgrims, and a place where many disputes over territory took place. The armed crusades of 1099 by the Latin Christians led to the formation of the crusader states, which fell again after the final loss of Jerusalem in 1244 and the fall of Acre in 1291 to the Mamluk sultan al-Ashraf Khalil. Seizures and loss of territory resulted in the production of hundreds of travel and crusade accounts, as well as some of the first 1 regional maps created in Europe for precisely this part of the world. -
Gog and Magog and Ethnic Difference in the Catalan Atlas (1375) Thomas Franke
University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository History ETDs Electronic Theses and Dissertations 9-12-2014 Monsters at the End of Time: Gog and Magog and Ethnic Difference in the Catalan Atlas (1375) Thomas Franke Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/hist_etds Recommended Citation Franke, Thomas. "Monsters at the End of Time: Gog and Magog and Ethnic Difference in the Catalan Atlas (1375)." (2014). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/hist_etds/30 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Electronic Theses and Dissertations at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in History ETDs by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Thomas Samuel Franke Candidate History Department This thesis is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication: Approved by the Thesis Committee: Michael A. Ryan , Chairperson Timothy C. Graham Sarah Davis-Secord Franke i MONSTERS AT THE END OF TIME: GOG AND MAGOG AND ETHNIC DIFFERENCE IN THE CATALAN ATLAS (1375) by THOMAS FRANKE BACHELOR OF ARTS, UC IRVINE 2012 THESIS Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS HISTORY The University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico JULY 2014 Franke ii Abstract Franke, Thomas. Monsters at the End of Time: Gog and Magog and Ethnic Difference in the Catalan Atlas (1375). University of New Mexico, 2014. Although they are only mentioned briefly in Revelation, the destructive Gog and Magog formed an important component of apocalyptic thought for medieval European Christians, who associated Gog and Magog with a number of non-Christian peoples. -
TOME XIX-19811 144° 2 (Aivril- Juln)
ACADNIE DES SCIENCES SOCIALES ETPOLITIQUES INSTITUT D'tTUDES SUD-EST EUROPtENNES TOME XIX-19811 144° 2 (Aivril- juln) Problèmes de l'historiographie contemporaine Textes et documents EDITURA ACADEMIEI REPUBLICII SOCIALISTE ROMANIA www.dacoromanica.ro Comité de rédaction Réclacteur en chef:M. BERZA I Redacteur en chef adjoint: ALEXANDRU DUTU Membres du comité : EMIL CON DURACHI, AL. ELIAN, VALEN- TIN GEORGESCU,H. MIHAESCU, COSTIN MURGESCU, D. M. PIPPIDI, MIHAI POP, AL. ROSETTI, EUG EN STANESCU, Secrétaire du comité: LIDIA SIMION La REVUE DES ÈTUDES SUD-EST EUROPEENNES paralt 4 fois par an.Toute com- mande de l'étranger (fascicules ou abonnement) sera adressée A ILEXIM, Departa- mentul Export-Import Presa, P.O. Box 136-137, télex 11226, str.13 Decembrie n° 3, R-79517 Bucure0, Romania, ou A ses représentants a l'étranger. Le prix d'un abonnement est de $ 50 par an. La correspondance, les manuscrits et les publications (livres, revues, etc.) envoyés pour comptes rendus seront adressés a L'INSTITUT D'ÈTUDES SUD-EST EUROPÉ- ENNES, 71119 Bucure0, sectorul 1, str. I.C. Frimu, 9, téIéphone 50 75 25, pour la REVUE DES ETUDES SUD-EST EUROPÉENNES Les articles seront remis dactylographiés en deux exemplaires. Les collaborateurs sont priés de ne pas dépasser les limites de 25-30 pages dactylographiées pour les articles et 5-6 pages pour les comptes rendus EDITURA ACADEMIEI REPUBLIC!! SOCIALISTE ROMANIA Calea Victoriein°125, téléphone 50 76 80, 79717 BucuretiRomania www.dacoromanica.ro lin 11BETUDES 11110PBB1111E'i TOME XIX 1981 avril juin n° 2 SOMMAIRE -
Dead Reckoning and Magnetic Declination: Unveiling the Mystery of Portolan Charts
Joaquim Alves Gaspar * Dead reckoning and magnetic declination: unveiling the mystery of portolan charts Keywords : medieval charts; cartometric analysis; history of cartography; map projections of old charts; portolan charts Summary For more than two centuries much has been written about the origin and method of con- struction of the Mediterranean portolan charts; still these matters continue to be the object of some controversy as no one explanation was able to gather unanimous agreement among researchers. If some theory seems to prevail, that is certainly the one asserting the medieval origin of the portolan chart, which would have followed the introduction of the marine compass in the Mediterranean, when the pilots start to plot the magnetic directions and es- timated distances between ports observed at sea. In the research here presented a numerical model which simulates the construction of the old portolan charts is tested. This model was developed in the light of the navigational methods available at the time, taking into account the spatial distribution of the magnetic declination in the Mediterranean, as estimated by a geomagnetic model based on paleomagnetic data. The results are then compared with two extant charts using cartometric analysis techniques. It is concluded that this type of meth- odology might contribute to a better understanding of the geometry and methods of con- struction of the portolan charts. Also, the good agreement between the geometry of the ana- lysed charts and the model’s results clearly supports the a-priori assumptions on their meth- od of construction. Introduction The medieval portolan chart has been considered as a unique achievement in the history of maps and marine navigation, and its appearance one of the most representative turn- ing points in the development of nautical cartography. -
A Recently Discovered Portolan Chart the Oldest Map of Monaco? the Map Afternoon 2017 Excursion to the Hague - Visiting the VOC Archives
MAPS IN September 2017 Newsletter No HISTORY 59 A recently discovered portolan chart The oldest map of Monaco? The Map Afternoon 2017 Excursion to The Hague - Visiting the VOC archives ISSN 1379-3306 www.bimcc.org 2 SPONSORS EDITORIAL 3 Contents Intro Dear Map Friends, Exhibitions Paulus In this issue we are happy to present not one, but two Aventuriers des mers (Sea adventurers) ...............................................4 scoops about new map discoveries. Swaen First Joseph Schirò (from the Malta Map Society) Looks at Books reports on an album of 148 manuscript city plans dating from the end of the 17th century, which he has Internet Map Auctions Finding the North and other secrets of orientation of the found in the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek. Of course, travellers of the past ..................................................................................................... 7 in Munich, Marianne Reuter had already analysed this album thoroughly, but we thought it would be March - May - September - November Orbis Disciplinae - Tributes to Patrick Gautier Dalché ... 9 appropriate to call the attention of all map lovers to Maps, Globes, Views, Mapping Asia Minor. German orientalism in the field it, since it includes plans from all over Europe, from Atlases, Prints (1835-1895) ............................................................................................................................ 12 Flanders to the Mediterranean. Among these, a curious SCANNING - GEOREFERENCING plan of the rock of Monaco has caught the attention of Catalogue on: AND DIGITISING OF OLD MAPS Rod Lyon who is thus completing the inventory of plans www.swaen.com History and Cartography of Monaco which he published here a few years ago. [email protected] The discovery of the earliest known map of Monaco The other remarkable find is that of a portolan chart, (c.1589) ..........................................................................................................................................15 hitherto gone unnoticed in the Archives in Avignon. -
FROM the PORTOLAN CHART to the LATITUDE CHART the Silent Cartographic Revolution
FROM THE PORTOLAN CHART TO THE LATITUDE CHART The silent cartographic revolution by Joaquim Alves Gaspar Centro Interuniversitário de História das Ciências e da Tecnologia Pólo Universidade de Lisboa faculdade de Ciências Campo Grande 1759-016 Lisboa Portugal [email protected] This paper explains how, following the introduction of astronomical navigation, the transition between the por - tolan-type chart of the mediterranean and the latitude chart of the Atlantic was facilitated by the small values of the magnetic declination occurring in western Europe during the Renaissance. The results of two prelimi - nary cartometric studies of a sample of charts of the sixteenth century are presented, focused on the latitude accuracy in the representation of northern Europe and on the evolution of the longitudinal width of the mediterranean and Africa. Cet article explique comment, après l’apparition de la navigation astronomique, la transition entre la carte- portulan caractéristique de la méditerranée et la carte avec latitude de l’océan Atlantique a été facilitée par la faiblesse de la déclinaison magnétique en Europe occidentale, à la Renaissance. Les résultats de deux études cartographiques antérieures sont appliqués à un échantillon de cartes du XVI e siècle, en centrant le propos sur la précision des latitudes des pays de l’Europe de nord et sur l’étendue longitudinale de la méditerranée et de l’Afrique. 1 Introduction respect: that it was much easier to go than to come back, due to the action of those same elements. In 1434, after thirteen years during which there were several frustrated attempts involving various At the time Cape Bojador was first rounded by the pilots in the service of Prince Henry of Portugal, Gil Portuguese, the ships used in the voyages of explo - Eanes finally succeeded in rounding Cape Bojador. -
Analysing Mapanalyst and Its Application to Portolan Charts
e-Perimetron, Vol. 13, No. 3, 2018 [121-140] www.e-perimetron.org | ISSN 1790-3769 Roel Nicolai ∗ Analysing MapAnalyst and its application to portolan charts Keywords: Cartometric analysis, distortion grid, MapAnalyst, map accuracy, map projection, portolan chart Summary: The objective of this paper is to demonstrate that the distortion grid generated by Ma- pAnalyst, a free software package for the cartometric analysis of historical maps, should be com- puted and interpreted judiciously and not be seen as revealing the immutable structure of implicit parallels and meridians of the map. Awareness of the limitations as well as the capabilities of this software tool is essential. This paper explains the processing method of MapAnalyst and demon- strates in what way this imposes limitations on the analysis of portolan charts. The paper con- cludes with recommendations on how MapAnalyst can be successfully applied to the analysis of portolan charts and demonstrates this with an example analysis. Introduction It is some 120 years ago now that the German geographer Hermann Wagner introduced the cartomet- ric method in the context of research into portolan charts. Wagner proposed to take measurements on a portolan chart in order to establish indisputable facts about that chart that would allow hypotheses to be tested, thus preventing a sequence of “indefinite suppositions” (Wagner 1896, p 695 (476)). He suggests two broad methods: 1. measurement of distances between points on a historical map, comparing those with modern reference values; 2. generation of a graticule of meridians and parallels from the geographic features displayed on the map. Computers were not available in Wagner’s time and therefore cartometric analysis in principle has nothing to do with computers. -
Recent Publications 1984 — 2017 Issues 1 — 100
RECENT PUBLICATIONS 1984 — 2017 ISSUES 1 — 100 Recent Publications is a compendium of books and articles on cartography and cartographic subjects that is included in almost every issue of The Portolan. It was compiled by the dedi- cated work of Eric Wolf from 1984-2007 and Joel Kovarsky from 2007-2017. The worldwide cartographic community thanks them greatly. Recent Publications is a resource for anyone interested in the subject matter. Given the dates of original publication, some of the materi- als cited may or may not be currently available. The information provided in this document starts with Portolan issue number 100 and pro- gresses to issue number 1 (in backwards order of publication, i.e. most recent first). To search for a name or a topic or a specific issue, type Ctrl-F for a Windows based device (Command-F for an Apple based device) which will open a small window. Then type in your search query. For a specific issue, type in the symbol # before the number, and for issues 1— 9, insert a zero before the digit. For a specific year, instead of typing in that year, type in a Portolan issue in that year (a more efficient approach). The next page provides a listing of the Portolan issues and their dates of publication. PORTOLAN ISSUE NUMBERS AND PUBLICATIONS DATES Issue # Publication Date Issue # Publication Date 100 Winter 2017 050 Spring 2001 099 Fall 2017 049 Winter 2000-2001 098 Spring 2017 048 Fall 2000 097 Winter 2016 047 Srping 2000 096 Fall 2016 046 Winter 1999-2000 095 Spring 2016 045 Fall 1999 094 Winter 2015 044 Spring -
Exegesis and Empire in the Early Byzantine Mediterranean
Studien und Texte zu Antike und Christentum Studies and Texts in Antiquity and Christianity Herausgeber/Editor: CHRISTOPH MARKSCHIES (Heidelberg) Beirat/Advisory Board HUBERT CANCIK (Tübingen) • GIOVANNI CASADIO (Salerno) SUSANNA ELM (Berkeley) • JOHANNES HAHN (Münster) JÖRG RÜPKE (Erfurt) 17 Michael Maas Exegesis and Empire in the Early Byzantine Mediterranean Junillus Africanus and the Instituía Regularia Divinae Legis With a Contribution by Edward G. Mathews, Jr. With the Latin Text Established by Heinrich Kihn Translated by Michael Maas Mohr Siebeck MICHAF.L MAAS, born 1951; 1973 BA in Classics and Anthropology at Cornell University: 1982 Ph.D. in Ancient History and Mediterranean Archaeology at Berkeley; Professor of History and Director of the Program in Ancient Mediterranean Civilizations at Rice Univer- sity, Houston, Texas. ISBN 3-16-148108-9 ISSN 1436-3003 (Studien und Texte zu Antike und Christentum) Die Deutsche Bibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliographie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the Internet at http://dnb.ddb.di'. © 2003 by J. C. B. Möhr (Paul Siebeck), P. O. Box 2040, D-72010Tübingen. This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form (beyond that permitted by copyright law) without the publisher's written permission. This applies particularly to reproductions, translations, microfilms and storage and processing in electronic systems. The book was printed by Guide-Druck in Tübingen on non-aging paper and bound by Buchbinderei Held in Rottenburg. Printed in Germany. Acknowledgments It is a pleasure to thank the institutions that enabled me to write this book and the many friends who gave advice and encouragement during its composition. -
A Critical Review of the Hypothesis of a Medieval Origin for Portolan Charts
A critical review of the hypothesis of a medieval origin for portolan charts i Roelof Nicolai A critical review of the hypothesis of a medieval origin for portolan charts Keywords: portolan, chart, medieval, geodesy, cartography, cartometric analysis, history, science ISBN/EAN: 978-90-76851-33-4 NUR-code: 930 Uitgeverij Educatieve Media, Houten. E-mail: [email protected] Vormgeving en drukwerkrealisatie: Atalanta, Houten Cover design: Sander Nicolai The cover shows part of the Carte Pisane, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Cartes et Plans, Ge B 1118. Copyright © by Roelof Nicolai All rights reserved. No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be repro- duced or utilised in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy- ing, recording or by information storage and retrieval system, without the prior permission of the author. ii A critical review of the hypothesis of a medieval origin for portolan charts Een kritische beschouwing van de hypothese van een middeleeuwse oorsprong voor portolaankaarten (met een samenvatting in het Nederlands) Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit Utrecht op gezag van de rector magnificus, prof.dr. G.J. van der Zwaan, ingevolge het besluit van het college voor promoties in het openbaar te verdedigen op maandag 3 maart 2014 des middags te 2.30 uur door Roelof Nicolai geboren op 20 november 1953 te Achtkarspelen iii Promotor: Prof. dr. J. P. Hogendijk Co-promotoren: Dr. S. A. Wepster Dr. P. C. J. van der Krogt iv He had bought a large map representing the sea, Without the least vestige of land: And the crew were much pleased when they found it to be A map they could all understand.