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12-1994 To Haiti and Back John Wish

Ron Mock George Fox University, [email protected]

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Recommended Citation Previously published in Quaker Life, December 1994, pp. 5-7, 23

This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of History, Politics, and International Studies at Digital Commons @ George Fox University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications - Department of History, Politics, and International Studies by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ George Fox University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Only once, though, did we hear human screams following the gunshots. During Ron's visit to Haiti a year ago, a doctor in his group delivered a baby in a one-room house. The cramped dwelling was a few yards from the well-appointed guest house where we American visitors stayed in an affluent neighborhood of Port-au-Prince. Days later, a nurse from the group went into the same shantytown neigh­ borhood and examined the body of a young man killed during the night and left in the street by supporters of Haiti's military regime.

Haiti Is a Desperate Country

Normally, neither of us would have considered going to that tiny nation in the Caribbean, usually called the West­ ern Hemisphere's poorest country. Ron had been there twice, and we both knew a little of the pain and suffering, but it seemed very far away to us. And besides, what could we do? Then we read a newsletter by Gene Stoltzfus, the director of the Christian Peacemaker Teams (CPT), detailing his trip to Haiti in May, 1993. Gene described the CPT and their support for those working nonviolently in Haiti, struggling against repression from the military government. His words gave us a sense of calling to that desper­ ate place. Ron followed that call in Octoberof1993, and]ohninApril, 1994. The idea for Christian Peacemaker Teams grew out of a discussion among Mennonites and Brethren started in 1982 This article was submitted prior to the U.S. Army occupation ofHaiti. To Haiti and back with

by John Wish and Ron Mock

Quaker Life December 1994 5 by Ron Sider. He urged Christians to sponse to the embargo, but fuel was nienced by their political situation. create special teams to respond to violent readily available for those who brought look gaunt and their clothes situations. The teams would travel to gallon jugs to the side of the road. There, their spare frames. Medicines are areas of violence, placing themselves in gas was dispensed from 55-gallon stor­ sive. Unemployment is running harm's way, opening lines of communi­ age drums hauled in by truck across the percent. For those who can find cation, and encouraging the use of non­ border with the Dominican Republic, average wage has fallen from 41 violent strategies to resolve the conflict which shares the other half of the Isle of per hour (U.S. $) to 14 cents sine and achieve justice. Hispaniola, between Cuba and Puerto military took over in 1991. Airline When we first talked about going to Rico, with Haiti. have stopped and the U.S. Navy Haiti, we both had friends and family Physically, Port-au-Prince is like San the waters picking up refugees. urging us not to go. As a result, when we Francisco, with hills surrounding a beau­ refugees are forcibly returned to decided to make the journey, hundreds tiful bay. However, it no longer feels like where they face more abuse, or are of people who were nervous about our a 20th-century city. by the U.S. military to Guantanamo welfare began praying for Haiti. In the fall of 1993, services for more tention camps for indefinite stays When Ron visited Port-au-Prince, its than a million people who live in the Cuba. (New York Times, September first democratically-elected president was Haitian capital were sporadic. By the 1994, reported "at midday ... [August scheduled to return from the two-year spring of 1994, virtually all services had there were 14,308 Haitians and exile imposed on him by Haitian Army stopped. The people had no electricity, Cubans at Guantanamo.") And leaders. But a wave of intimidation was no running water, no garbage collec­ were arriving daily. organized against supporters of Presi­ tion, and the sewers worked only occa­ On top of the physical and econotni dentAristide, and against foreign observ­ sionally. hardships is the daily terror. In the ers in Haiti. The observers left, except for In the tropical climate, the stench of three months of 1994, United a couple of small groups like Ron's rotting garbage and raw sewage became observers documented over 100 Christian Peacemaker Team. AndAristide overpowering. Health hazards were ob­ deaths, mostly at night and mostly could not return. vious. supporters of Father Jean An embargo on fuel imposed by the (Ironically, as the United Nations Aristide, elected president in 1990. United States restricted supplies badly tightened the fuel embargo in the sum­ enough to make it impossible for Ron's mer of 1994, electricity and water some­ team to leave Port-au-Prince. But by the times were available in Port-au-Prince.) time John arrived the following spring, Haitians are more than inconve- things had changed. "The first thing we noticed when we arrived in the capital, Port-au-Prince, from the airport was the traffic jam," John recalls. At the time, an embargo on fuel and weapons was supposedly in effect. Nevertheless, cars and trucks filled the streets while beefy, well-dressed young men in civilian clothes were commonly seen on the street-with automatic weap­ ons or hand grenades. The price of gasoline on the black market had risen to $8 per gallon in U.S. dollars. Gas stations were closed in re-

Uncollected garbage completely fills the streets[above left}.

The U.S.-initiatedfuel embargo seems to have little effect on the traffic flow through Port-au-Prince [inset].

At the market an undernourished woman picks over tomatoes [opposite page].

6 December 1994 of Parliament. At each meeting, we lis­ tened to Haitians' hopes and fears for themselves and their country. Where appropriate, the teams urged the people to use nonviolent means to achieve their goals. We also held public prayer vigils as a means of helping Haitians under threat of death make public their pleas for justice and democracy. John's group had a two-hour dia­ logue with a physician who also was a senator, elected along with Aristide. De­ spite pressure from the military, he has refused to resign. A respected gynecolo­ gist in a medium-sized town, he was encouraged by friends and family to get into politics. Since the election, his family has received death threats and his medi­ cal practice has suffered. Last year, his chauffeur was murdered, presumably by the military. He lives in fear, but he doesn't want to leave his country. The nature of his fear became real to our group during a required debriefing with the military's local civilian chief. The by John Wish and Ron Mock peace teams, when invited, into area'> of chief made clear he did not like Aristide repression or conflict. Through it<> activi­ or his supporters. He berated the group 1. Christian. Peacemaker Teams, P.O. ties, PBI learns about, develops, and for even talking to the prominent physi­ Box 6508, Chicago IL 60608, 312-455- models fom1s of nonviolence in the spirit cian whom he described as "scum." 1199. Gene Stoltzfus, Director. of Gandhi's experiment'> in trud1." Although most foreigners have left Mission:"Ministry of nonviolent pres­ Activities: Accompaniment of lcxals Haiti, some remain. These include seven ence and responsiveness in emergency who are at risk. Christian Peacemaker Team members situations and settings where violent insta­ Where: Guatemala, Sri Lanka, Native and some other foreign missionaries, bility often no longer pennits evangeli'>m, Americans in Canada, and (1995) Colom­ despite provocations from the military relief or development work." bia. Trdining offered. governments. Where: Haiti, Gaza, Washington, D.C. 5. Witness for Peace, 2201 P Street, NW, Five of the seven long-term CPT Activities: Witnessing, being in tense Room 109, Washington DC 20037. members are in Jeremie, the western­ situations with the poor and the op­ Mission: WFP has a ten-year track most city of Haiti. The others, including pressed. Helping people who have been record of involvement in Central America. one Haitian, are in Port-au-Prince. Sev­ jailed or hurt. Trdining offered. It is a faith-ba-;ed movement committed to eral of the long-term volunteers are faith 2. Balkan Peace Teams, Marien Wall 9, changing U.S. policy. It ha-; a few long­ missionaries supported by their congre­ D-32378 Minden, Genmmy. tem1 volunteers backed by thousand<; of gations. CPT would like to have small Where: Fon11er Yugoslavia. short-tem1 visitors who have witnessed teams of volunteers in each of the other 3. Fellowship of Reconciliation, Box conditions in violent conflicts. eight geographic regions of the country, 271, Nyack NY 10960. Activities: Accompanin1ent of local<> but finances prevent it. (It costs about FOR is a 75-year-old interfaith pacifist who are at risk; presence and witness of $1500 per month to support an American organization committed to the power of the use of American weapons and military volunteer.) CPT has scheduled training wisdom, truth and love for resolving hu­ training. for more volunteers beginning Decem­ mm conflict'>. FOR has chapters and affili­ Where: Guatemala, Southern Mexico, ber 29, 1994. ates in more than 40 countries. Nicaragua, and Haiti. Training offered. Additionally, CPT supports and 4. Peace Brigades Intemationa1/USA. 6. UnitedNationsVolunteers, Human­ encourages short-term trips to Haiti. 2642 College Ave., Berkeley CA 94704,. itarian Relief Unit, c/o Palais des Nations, Its Steering Committee is also consid­ 510-849-1247. CH-1211, Geneva, 10, Switzerland. ering long term efforts in othertrouble Mission: "PBI work'> to establish justice Activities: Humanitarian relief that might spots such as Gaza and Washington, and peace... throughnonviolentaction. To be expanded to more active peacemaking. D.C. do this we send unam1ed intemational Where: Anywhere UN direct<>. continued on page 23

Quaker Life December 1994 7 continued from page 7 CPT volunteer is going to be killed in the line of duty, unless God intervenes. But Christian Peacemaker Teams is one we commonly accept such several experiment'> in active nonvio­ risks when one of our loved peacemaking now underway. One ones joins the military. Can effort of special interest to Quakers we Quakers also accept this the Friends Peace Teams Project (FPTP). risk if we are called to be FPTP, currently being organized under peacemakers? leadership of Elise Boulding, Mary Christian Peacemaker and others, proposes to act as a Teams deserves support and of information to Quakers, and a participation from Quakers. for Quaker volunteers to It is one of several organiza­ John Wish Ron Mock join programs like CPT. tions working on new ways For now, CPT may be the best­ to carry the message of Christ's peace to developed of the projects in Christian the poor and oppressed. nonviolent action. It<> leaders have a clear CPT will be better able to carry out its sense of God's call and a desire to be work if it has support beyond the two faithful. Both on the field and in the founding denominations of Mennonites meetings back at home, CPT members and Brethren. CPT is inviting Friends to seek carefully the mind of God as deci­ join the other historic peace churches in sions are made about whether and how this important nonviolent peacemaking to be involved at the scene of violence. work. Please consider prayerfully in your CPT leaders are experienced nonviolent meetings whether the Spirit is leading activists, working with a sophisticated you to join this work. Q Lau.ua1g of nonviolence and how works. john Wish is professorofBusiness and Ultimately, though, CPT is still an Economics at George Fox College, experiment. In Haiti, for example, CPT is Newberg, Oregon. RonMockisdirectorof learning. Strategy and tactics have the Peace Center and assistant professor been flexible and responsive, both to ofPolitical Science and Peace Studies at changing circumstances and to rapidly George Fox College. Ron is a member of increasing understanding of the chal­ Northwest Yearly Meeting. Each was in lenges of peacemaking in Haiti. We Haiti for ten days as part of a Christian cannot say for certain that CPT is on the Peacemaker Team witness. Ron has been right track, although it seems promising, to Haiti three times. During one ofhis trips especially if its work could be repro­ in 1988, he interviewed Father Aristide. duced on a larger scale. john has volunteered to be a CPT Reserve We also cannot say that the work Corps participant.

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Quaker Life December 1994 23