Las Mañanitas (A Morning Greeting) Sounds Did You Recognize? and Mañanitas Tapatia (A Birthday Greeting)
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MUSIC TRADITIONAL ARTISTIC PERCEPTION (AP) ® CLASSICAL CREATIVE EXPRESSION (CE) Artsource CONTEMPORARY HISTORICAL & CULTURAL CONTEXT (H/C) The Music Center’s Study Guide to the Performing Arts EXPERIMENTAL AESTHETIC VALUING (AV) MULTI-MEDIA CONNECT, RELATE & APPLY (CRA) ENDURING FREEDOM & THE POWER THE HUMAN TRANSFORMATION VALUES OPPRESSION OF NATURE FAMILY Title of Work: About the Artwork: Malagueña Salerosa Malagueña Salerosa is a standard selection in the mariachi repertoire and is an example of the Creators: Producer: Mariachi Los Camperos de Nati Cano Mexican ‘singing style’ which was influenced by Musical Director: Natividad Cano b. 1933 19th century Italian opera, and grew in popularity in Mexico during the same period. The vocal soloist Background Information: in Malagueña is expected to demonstrate the ability It is no surprise that Natividad (Nati) Cano chose music to sustain a beautiful high pitch in segments of the as a career. Born in Ahuisculco, Jalisco, Mexico, he grew verse and refrain. Audiences reward the successful up in a family of jornaleros (day workers) who considered soloist with applause and ‘gritos.’ The song also music a necessity, a means for earning additional money, illustrates two distinctive characteristics often found as well as a joyous outlet from working the soil. His in mariachi music, changing and simultaneous grandfather played the guitarron, the bass instrument of meters. Sometimes the meter alternates between 6/8 mariachi ensembles. His father, a versatile musician, and 3/4 (sesquialtera), at other times the two meters played all of the instruments of the mariachi, except the occur simultaneously (ritmo colonial). trumpet. Cano began to play the vihuela at the age of six, Creative Process of the Artist or Culture: and at age eight he began six years of violin lessons at the Traditionally, musicians of the mariachi memorize Academia de Musica in Guadalajara. Gradually, Cano’s their repertoire, often strolling among patrons as musical experiences, technical skills and knowledge broad- they play. They respond to requests which range ened as he played locally with his father, with the from the traditional sones to caciones rancheras Academia Chamber Orchestra, and later with two (country), musica Tejana (Texas-Mexican), musica professional mariachi groups. As the youngest member huasteca (north-eastern regional) and musica jarocha of Mariachi Chapala in Mexicali, Cano was selected to (Veracruz). Los Camperos performs compositions be the group’s arranger. He later joined the Tijuana- from different regions, however, Cano’s arrangements based Mariachi Aguila, and after becoming its musical adhere to the mariachi director, changed the name to Los Camperos. In 1969 instrumentation (violins, guitars, the group became permanently based in Los Angeles vihuelas, trumpets, harp and where it established a reputation for offering the best in guitarron), while retaining the mariachi music. In recognition of his outstanding musicianship, spirit of its various origins. Cano received a National Heritage fellowship from the Los Angeles National Endowment for the Arts in 1990. Notable “Lose yourself in music U.S.A. and you will find beauty.” among their recordings are two which were made with MEXICO Gulf Natividad Cano of Linda Ronstadt, Canciones de Me Padre and Mas Canciones. Mexico Jalisco Discussion Questions: Sample Experiences: After listening to the audio recording: Level I • There are various string instruments featured in * • Learn Mexican folk songs which are sung on special Malagueña Salerosa. Which string instrument occasions, such as Las Mañanitas (a morning greeting) sounds did you recognize? and Mañanitas Tapatia (a birthday greeting). Sing the • What did you hear in the vocal solo that songs in Spanish and English on appropriate occasions. demonstrates its 19th century Italian opera roots? • Learn Mexican game songs which are played in (sustained high-pitch, and resemblance to ‘recitative’ much the same manner as game songs from other in the verse) countries. Examples: Al Citron and Find the Ring; La • In most instrumental groups specific instruments Vibora de la Mar and London Bridge. constitute the rhythm section. Which instruments • Put on the music and let students discover ways to in the mariachi ensemble usually provide the basic dance to it. rhythm? (guitarron, vihuela, and sometimes the harp) Level II • Early mariachi ensembles were string ensembles. • Two similar holidays, Día de los Muertos and In the early thirties, when mariachi radio broadcasts Halloween, both occur in the autumn. Compare and emerged, groups began to add trumpets. Why do contrast the two observances. Learn a song suitable for you suppose this instrument was added? both celebrations. Create movement to illuminate the lyrics and illustrate the form. Multidisciplinary Options: • Play Malagueña Salerosa and listen for techniques of • In Mexico, as in other countries, different types of playing the violin, i.e. arco (bowing) and pizzicato music developed in the various states and regions (plucking). If possible, invite musicians to present within the country. Read to discover the historical, demonstrations. geographical and cultural/ethnic origins of the * • Select several standard mariachi selections and listen following kinds of music: musica huasteca, musica for the various playing techniques employed. Discuss Tejana (or conjunto), musica jarocha and musica how these techniques contribute to the unique sound mariachi. of mariachi music. • Mexico’s proximity to the United States has had a Level III cultural impact on the southwestern states, in * • Practice these rhythms: a three-beat rhythm with an particular (Arizona, California, New Mexico and accent on the first beat; a six-beat rhythm with accents Texas). Give examples of this cultural overlap as seen on the first and fourth beats; and a six-beat rhythm in food, clothing, sports, celebrations, architecture, with accents on the first, third and fifth beats. Perform names (streets, cities, parks, etc.) and the arts. the first two rhythms simultaneously and the first and Audio-Visual Materials: third rhythms alternately. Discuss, then listen for these examples in Malagueña Salerosa. Listen to an • Artsource® audio recording: Malagueña Salerosa, orchestral composition which incorporates these courtesy of Mariachi Los Camperos de Nati Cano, 1992. different Mexican folk melodies and rhythms. Additional References: Example: El Salón México (Copland). • Recordings: Mas Canciones (1991), Linda • Divide the class into groups and ask each to study a Ronstadt. Electra Entertainment; El Super different style of Mexican music. Provide recorded Mariachi, Mariachi Los Camperos de Nati Cano. examples for study and presentation. Encourage them Latin International, 1968. to plan unique ways to present their work. * Indicates sample lessons 2 MUSIC LAS MAÑANITAS (Birthday Song) THE HUMAN FAMILY LEVEL I Sample Lesson INTRODUCTION: Music is a central point of celebration for many cultures. One of the most popular occasions for celebration is a birthday. In the American culture people sing the Happy Birthday song on each person’s special day. In the Mexican culture, people sing a Mariachi song entitled Las Mañanitas. OBJECTIVES: (Student Outcomes) Students will be able to: • Sing a traditional Mexican song entitled Las Mañianitas. (Historical and Cultural Context) Mariachi Los Camperos de Nati Cano Photo: courtesy of Natividad Cano • Identify the 3/4 meter and clap and sing the song. (Artistic Perception) • Gain a greater appreciation for the traditions of the Mexican culture. (Historical and Cultural Context) • Describe, discuss, analyze and connect information and experiences based on this lesson. Refer to Assessment at the end of this lesson. (Aesthetic Valuing) MATERIALS: • Artsource® audio recording of Malagueña Salerosa and Las Mañanitas. PROGRESSION: • Give some background information on Mariachi music and the instruments used. • Listen to the recording of Malagueña Salerosa and identify the instruments being used (trumpet, violin, guitar, etc.). • Listen to the recording again and clap on the beat. • Ask the students to give their impressions: • What do you think the musicians are communicating through their music? • How does the music make you feel? 3 • Give some background on Las Mañanitas and explain that it is also played in the style of Mariachi music. Play the Artsource® audio cassette recording and see if they can recognize what is the same about both pieces. • Read the lyrics to Las Mañanitas in both Spanish and English. • Learn the song. Las Mañanitas (Birthday Song) Esta son las mañanitas Que cantaba el rey David A las muchachas bonitas Se las cantamos aqui Despierta mi bien, despierta, Mira que ya amanecio Ya los pajarillos cantan La luna ya se metio Que linda esta la mañana En que vengo a saludarte Venimos todos con gusto Y placer a felicitarte (Chorus) El día a que tu naciste Nacieron todas las flores Y en la pila de bautismo Cantaron los ruiseñores Ya viene amaneciendo Ya la luz del día nos vio Levantate de mañana Mira que ya amanecio (Verse) Quisiera ser un San Juan Quisiera ser un San Pedro Pa venir a saludarte Con la musica del cielo De las estrellas del cielo Quisiera bajarte dos, Una para saludarte Y otra para decir adios (Chorus) Ya viene amaneciendo Ya la luz del día nos dio Levantate de mañana Mira que ya amanecio 4 Las Mañanitas (Birthday Song) English Translation- Ed Barguiarena and Susan Friel These are Las Mañanitas As sung by David the King To the beautiful young ladies; Now I come to you, to sing. Awake, my good one, awake, Wake up and meet the day. The morning birds are singing; The moon has gone away How beautiful is this morning In which I come to greet you. My heart is filled with happiness And pleasure to meet you. The day that you were born The flowers were born too; The Nightingales were singing In the baptismal morning dew. The translation is not intended to be an English (Chorus) version of the song but The Sun is now upon us, a poetic representation. Its rays are breaking through; It does not rhythmically Wake up, this special morning, match the melody – the This day is for you.