HVIS LYSET TAR OSS Om Bildspråk Och Teman I Norska Black Metal-Texter

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HVIS LYSET TAR OSS Om Bildspråk Och Teman I Norska Black Metal-Texter HVIS LYSET TAR OSS Om bildspråk och teman i norska black metal-texter Anna Sippola Tammerfors universitet Enheten för språk, översättning och litteratur Nordiska språk Avhandling pro gradu Maj 2013 Tampereen yliopisto Pohjoismaiset kielet Kieli-, käännös- ja kirjallisuustieteiden yksikkö SIPPOLA, ANNA: Hvis lyset tar oss. Om bildspråk och teman i norska black metal-texter. Pro gradu –tutkielma. 72 sivua + liite. Toukokuu 2013 Pro gradu -tutkielmani käsittelee norjalaista black metal -lyriikkaa. Olen valinnut materiaaliksi kahden yhtyeen, Burzumin ja Ulverin tekstejä. Burzumin tuotannosta analyysin kohteena on neljän levyn tekstit ja Ulverin tuotannosta kahden. Tutkielman pääpaino on näiden tekstien kuvakielessä. Erittelen tekstien kuvallisia ja runollisia ilmauksia, kuten metaforia, symboleja ja allegorioita. Käsittelen tekstejä kuitenkin myös temaattisesta näkökulmasta. Aiempien tietojeni perusteella tarkastelen tekstien suhdetta folkloreen, pakanallisuuteen sekä kristinuskoon ja sen vastavoimana toimivaan satanismiin. Suurilta osin tutkielmani on perinteistä kuvakielen ja tekstien analyysiä, mutta se esittelee myös akateemisesti suhteellisen tuntematonta musiikin alalajia, norjalaista black metallia. Tekstit ja runot ovat vanha ja suosittu tutkimuskohde akateemisessa maailmassa. Rock-tekstejä on myös tutkittu, mutta black metal -tekstien runoanalyysi on tutkimusaiheena suhteellisen tuntematon. Kirjallisuustieteellisiä metodeja on sovellettu tuoreeseen populaarikulttuurin alalajiin jonkin verran. Tutkimuskysymykseni ja metodini ovat suurilta osin kirjallisuustieteellisiä. Erottelen materiaalistani kielikuvia ja analysoin niitä, mikä kuuluu perinteisen runoanalyysin piiriin. Analyysimetodini on lukijalähtökohtainen, eli omalla tulkinnallani on erittäin suuri rooli tutkielmassani. Toisaalta metodini sivuavat myös folkloren analyysimetodeja, kun tarkastelen, mitä samankaltaisuuksia black metal - teksteillä on satujen ja kansantarujen kanssa. Valitsin norjalaiset black metal -tekstit analyysini kohteeksi, koska genren historia on herättänyt runsaasti huomioita, niin hyvässä kuin pahassa. Norjalainen black metal liitetään helposti yhteen saatananpalvonnan, väkivallan ja kirkonpolttojen kanssa. Ryhdyin tutkielmaan genren värikkään mediakuvan innoittamana, ja eräänlaisena hypoteesinä tutkielmassani onkin, että tekstit käsittelevät vain niukasti teemoja, jotka julkisuudessa on esitetty norjalaista black metal -genreä määrittäviksi. Hypoteesini osoittautui osittain oikeaksi, vaikka tekstit käsittelevätkin pakanallisia ja satanistisia aiheita. Materiaalin määrän perusteella on syytä huomauttaa, että laajempien, koko genreä koskevien johtopäätösten tekeminen on turhaa. Myös koko black metal -genren pirstaleisuus ja genren sisäinen ristiriitaisuus aiheuttavat ongelmia, jos genren ideologiaa ja ajatusmaailmaa yrittää valottaa vain kahden alan vaikuttajan joidenkin tekstien perusteella. Teksteissä riittää runsaasti tulkittavaa ja tutkittavaa, ja jokainen luo niistä oman tulkintansa. Avainsanat: black metal, runoanalyysi, metafora, kuvakieli, satanismi, folklore INNEHÅLL 1 INLEDNING........................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 SYFTE .......................................................................................................................................... 3 1.2 MATERIAL .................................................................................................................................. 4 1.2.1 Black metal ............................................................................................................................ 4 1.2.2 Vikernes Burzum – Från Kristian till satanistisk mördare ..................................................... 6 1.2.3 Ulver – en experimentell vargflock...................................................................................... 11 2 TIDIGARE FORSKNING ................................................................................................................. 15 3 METOD ............................................................................................................................................. 18 4 LYRIK ............................................................................................................................................... 21 4.1 DIKT ........................................................................................................................................... 22 4.2 POETISKA BILDER .................................................................................................................. 24 4.2.1 METAFOR .......................................................................................................................... 24 4.2.1.1 Besjälning och personifikation .......................................................................................... 26 4.2.1.2 Metonymi .......................................................................................................................... 26 4.2.2 SYMBOL ............................................................................................................................. 27 4.2.3 ALLEGORI .......................................................................................................................... 27 4.2.4 SYNESTESI ........................................................................................................................ 28 4.2.5 FIGURER ............................................................................................................................ 28 5 ANALYSEN AV BURZUMS OCH ULVERS VALDA TEXTER .................................................. 29 5.1 BILDLIGA UTTRYCK .............................................................................................................. 30 5.1.1 ULVER ................................................................................................................................ 30 5.1.1.1 Bergtatt – Människan i naturen ......................................................................................... 31 5.1.1.2 Nattens Madrigal – Naturen i människan.......................................................................... 38 5.1.2 BURZUM ............................................................................................................................ 46 5.1.2.1 Aske .................................................................................................................................. 46 5.1.2.2 Det som engang var........................................................................................................... 48 5.1.2.3 Hvis lyset tar oss ............................................................................................................... 50 5.1.2.4 Filosofem .......................................................................................................................... 52 5.2 KRISTENDOM, HEDENDOM OCH FOKLORISTISK ASPEKT ........................................... 53 5.2.1 ULVER ................................................................................................................................ 54 5.2.1.1 Bergkampen ...................................................................................................................... 54 5.2.1.2 Besten i mannen ................................................................................................................ 58 5.2.2 BURZUM ............................................................................................................................ 61 5.3 JÄMFÖRELSE ........................................................................................................................... 65 6 DISKUSSION OCH SAMMANFATTNING ................................................................................... 67 KÄLLFÖRTECKNING ........................................................................................................................ 69 BILAGA ............................................................................................................................................... 73 1 INLEDNING I min avhandling analyserar jag norska black metal-texter från en norsk artist och en norsk grupp. Jag är intresserad av texternas bildspråk, alltså hurdana bildliga uttryck det finns i texterna som jag har valt för mitt material. På grund av mina tidigare kunskaper om norsk black metal har jag valt att betrakta materialet ur en synpunkt som iakttar den kristna, hedniska och satanistiska dimensionen i texterna. Betoning av forskningen ligger på bildliga uttryck men för att ge en bättre helhetsbild av texterna och deras värld måste även andra perspektiv tas i beaktande. Jag är intresserad av den folkloristiska aspekten i texterna, alltså hurdana likheter det finns i materialet jämfört med den gamla berättelsetraditionen och den gamla folktron samt de hedniska föreställningarna. På sätt och vis kan min forskning delas i två. Den är å ena sidan en traditionell textanalys som utförs med hjälp av diktanalys och tematisk läsning, men å andra sedan presenterar den och tar i beaktande en genre som ur en vetenskaplig synvinkel är rätt okänd och som kallas black metal. Analys av lyrik kan behandla rytmik och musikaliska drag men jag är intresserad av bildliga uttryck och betydelser i norska black metal-texterna. Jag behandlar inte alls den musikaliska dimensionen. I analysen av bildspråk och betydelser spelar tolkningen en stor roll. När en
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